PL68993B1 - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- PL68993B1 PL68993B1 PL12659268A PL12659268A PL68993B1 PL 68993 B1 PL68993 B1 PL 68993B1 PL 12659268 A PL12659268 A PL 12659268A PL 12659268 A PL12659268 A PL 12659268A PL 68993 B1 PL68993 B1 PL 68993B1
- Authority
- PL
- Poland
- Prior art keywords
- glass
- temperature
- active agent
- ions
- ion exchange
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical group [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical group [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005361 soda-lime glass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 6
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000255925 Diptera Species 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000010392 Bone Fractures Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 206010017076 Fracture Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DHKHZGZAXCWQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[K] Chemical compound [N].[K] DHKHZGZAXCWQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036760 body temperature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006060 molten glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005341 toughened glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PL12659268A PL68993B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1968-04-23 | 1968-04-23 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PL12659268A PL68993B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1968-04-23 | 1968-04-23 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| PL68993B1 true PL68993B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1973-02-28 |
Family
ID=19949979
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PL12659268A PL68993B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1968-04-23 | 1968-04-23 |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| PL (1) | PL68993B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
-
1968
- 1968-04-23 PL PL12659268A patent/PL68993B1/pl unknown
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