PL171932B1 - Non-woven fabric used as underlay of seat covering intended for passenger transport - Google Patents

Abstract

Te invention relates to the application of unwoven (turfed) material as an underlay of knitted covers of seats in road, rail-way or air transport vehicles which in particular is used for removing the sweat formed by the passenger. It is produced by a dry method and have apparent density from 20 to 100 kg/m3 and is from 4 to 20 mm thick. It contains a minimum of 50% man-made fibres with thickness from 3 to 40 dtex and lengths from 2 to 12 cm, which are sown together. The material has minimum thickness of 2 mm when static load of 0.01 H/cm2 is applied to it.

Description

The subject of the invention is a bottom layer of upholstery fabric for seats intended for road, rail and air passenger transport.

For the comfort of the user, the seat usually comprises: a support that provides ergonomic conditions for the user of the seat; the support portion typically is made of a dense sponge, springs or strips, a cushion layer made of a sponge having a lower density than the support sponge (and possibly separated from the support portion by a release film), and a cover fabric. the padding layer and the cover fabric ensure thermophysiological comfort conditions.

A seat constructed in this way exhibits particularly good insulating properties, which increases the release of perspiration on parts of the user's body. If this sweat is not removed quickly enough, it can create an unpleasant feeling of dampness.

The insulating effect of the seat is mainly due to the significant thickness of the support sponge and the influence of the foil separating the dense sponge from the cushioning sponge, as well as the structure of the sponge containing closed air bubbles.

The removal of the moisture generated by perspiration is not possible through the thickness of the seat, as the load-bearing sponge block prevents this moisture from penetrating.

Moisture must therefore escape either sideways or by ventilation, that is, for example, by a pumping effect due to movement and vibration.

The object of the present invention is to provide a new back layer of a seat upholstery fabric intended for passenger transportation to replace the sponge cushioning layer.

In particular, it is an object of the invention that the backsheet according to the invention serves both as the cushioning layer and the thermophysiological comfort layer.

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More particularly, it is an object of the invention to provide an underside which allows the rapid absorption of sweat in the contact zone between the user's body and the seat.

Thus, the object of the invention is. that the backsheet according to the invention, thanks to its hydrophilic properties, is able to quickly absorb moisture before it is transported to the outside.

Another object of the invention is to provide a backsheet which is capable of transporting moisture in a direction parallel to its surface

The invention also aims to provide a backsheet that allows moisture to escape through ventilation.

In particular, it is an object of the invention that the backsheet according to the invention has compressive strength and resilience parameters that are suitable for allowing moisture absorption, transport and evacuation.

The bottom layer of the upholstery fabric for seats intended for road, rail and air passenger transport, according to the invention, is characterized in that it comprises a non-woven non-woven material having an apparent density of 20 to 100 kg / m 'and a thickness ranging from 4 to 40 mm, with which consists of at least 50% of synthetic fibers 3 to 40 dtex thick and 2 to 12 cm long which are sewn together, and after subjecting this fabric to a static pressure of 20 cN / cm, it retains a minimum thickness of 2 mm.

Preferably, the nonwoven non-woven material has an apparent density of 30 to 60 kg / m 2.

Preferably, the non-woven non-woven material has a thickness in the range of 8 to 12 mm.

Preferably, the layer comprises synthetic fibers selected from the group consisting of polyester, polyamide, polyoxamide, or superabsorbent fibers or a mixture of these fibers.

Preferably, the fibers have a thickness of from 6 to 20 dtex.

Preferably the fibers are between 5 and 7.5 mm in length.

Preferably the fibers are bonded directly to each other.

Preferably, the non-woven non-woven material, when subjected to a static pressure of 0 cN / cm, maintains a minimum thickness of 4 mm.

The backsheet according to the invention comprises a non-woven fabric which is produced in a dry process and has a density of 20 to 100 kg / m2, preferably 30 to 60 kg / m3 with a thickness ranging from 4 to 40 mm, preferably from 8 to 12 mm.

By non-woven material is meant a non-woven fabric-like material, non-woven mat or felt

The non-woven fabric comprises at least 50% of synthetic fibers, which are preferably selected from the group consisting of polyester, polyamide and polyoxyamide fibers, or superabsorbent fibers, or a mixture of these fibers. means fibers that absorb more than 1 g of water per gram of fiber. The superabsorbent fibers used are, for example, those marketed under the names Lanseal®. Fibersorb® or Bemliese®.

Preferably, polyester fibers are selected as synthetic fibers. It is also advantageous if the fibers used are hydrophilic or made hydrophilic by appropriate treatment.

The synthetic fibers of the backsheet have a thickness of 3 to 40 dtex, preferably 6 to 20 dtex, and a length of 2 to 12 cm, preferably 5 to 7.5 cm.

The non-woven material contained in the backsheet according to the invention may contain up to 50% natural and / or artificial fibers, which may be cellulose (cotton, rayon, viscose) or wool fibers.

The fibers making up the backsheet are joined by stitching.

In one specific embodiment of the invention, the fibers are joined simultaneously by stitching and welding. In this case, the non-woven fabric must have a certain percentage of the heat-sealable fiber content

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By heat-sealable fibers is meant fibers whose melting point is below the melting point of the main fibers or fibers provided with a surface layer whose melting point is lower than the melting point of the inner part of the fiber (bicomponent fibers).

In another embodiment, the fibers are bonded simultaneously by stitching and by chemical treatment. This chemical bonding is achieved by spraying the fibers with a resin, which may be, for example, an aqueous emulsion of a polyacrylate or polyurethane resin.

The backsheet according to the invention has a compressive strength sufficient to maintain a minimum thickness of 2 mm when subjected to a static pressure of 20 cN / cm (corresponding to that exerted by an average body weight of a person). Preferably this minimum thickness is 4 mm

This minimum thickness of 2 or 4 mm is necessary to ensure that the backsheet is able to absorb sweat from the body of a seat user and transport it in a direction parallel to the fabric direction or to vent it through ventilation.

Two embodiments of the backsheet of an upholstery fabric according to the invention are illustrated below.

Example 1. The backsheet of Example 1 consists of a non-woven fabric containing two types of fibers that are available as a mixture designated D-291 Quallofil ^@ . It is a blend of 13 dtex hollow, four-channel, heat-sealable polyester fibers with a void volume percentage greater than 23% of the total fiber volume. The length of the fibers is from 7 to 8 cm. As a result of a special finishing treatment, the fibers obtain a smooth, hydrophilic surface and flame retardant.

The fiber mixture was carded and scratched by methods known to those skilled in the art. The fibers were then sewn and heat sealed.

The thus obtained material has a thickness of 10 mm and an apparent density of 40 kg / m ^3. It had a compressive strength such that, when administered to a static pressure of 20 cN wynoszącemu / cm ^_ its final thickness was 8.5 mm.

This non-woven material has been tested by comparison with a standard sponge on a leather model according to DIN 504-101, part 1. This standard is additionally recommended as a provisional standard under the designation ISO / TC 38 / SC 8 H 156.

The following parameters were tested: thermal resistance Ret (measured in m ² K / w), resistance for moisture transport R _et (measured in mmbar / w), and the ability to absorb moisture Fi (expressed in%) (ratio of the mass of water absorbed to the mass of the product in the state of dry). These three parameters were measured under static conditions, i.e. by subjecting the backsheet or non-woven fabric or standard sponge to a static load of 20 cN / cm. at a value of 20 cN / cm2 twice per second.

The fourth parameter measured was the ventilation speed V expressed in%.

_ Ret in static conditions - Ret in dynamic conditions.

Ret under static conditions

The results of these comparative tests are summarized in the tables below.

Table 1

Static conditions Ret (m ² K / w) 2 Ret (m mbar / w) F1 (%) Sponge 7.626 1 715 3.6 Non-woven material 7.931 1.279 5.3

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Table 2

Dynamic conditions Ret (m ² K / w) 0 Ret (m “mbar / w) F1 (%) Sponge 3.454 1.318 -1 0. / Non-woven material 4.161 0.867 1.0

From the tables above, it can be concluded that although the non-woven fabric has a slightly higher thermal resistance, it has a lower resistance to moisture transport and a better moisture absorption capacity than the sponge layer.

The ventilation speed for non-woven fabric is 32% ((1.2790.867) / 1.279), and for a sponge layer is 23% ((1.715-1.318) / 1.715), which means that vibration and movement result in a more significant result. an increase in the intensity of moisture transfer in the case of non-woven material than in the case of the sponge layer.

Example II. The backsheet of Example 2 comprises a non-woven fabric which consists of three types of fibers:

1) and 2) of the standard fiber mixture labeled D-291 Quallofil®. consisting of hollow, four-channel fibers of the thermally weldable type and polyester fibers with a thickness of 13 dtex, the length of which is from 7 to 8 cm,

3) Vivrelle fibers; type 950 with a thickness of 3.3 dtex and a length of 3.5 to 4.5 cm.

These three types of fibers were blended in a proportion of 70% D-291 Quallofll® blend to 30% Vivrelle® fibers.

The fiber mixture was carded and scratched by methods known to those skilled in the art. The fibers were then stitched and heat sealed.

The material obtained in this way had a thickness of 11 mm and an apparent density of 35 kg / m ³ . It had a compressive strength such that, when subjected to a static pressure of 20 cN / cm ", its final thickness was 7 mm.

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Claims (8)

Patent claims 1.Back layer of upholstery fabric for seats intended for passenger transport by road, rail, air, characterized in that it comprises non-woven non-woven material having an apparent density of 20 to 100 kg / m 'and a thickness ranging from 4 to 40 mm, where it contains at least 50% of synthetic fibers 3 to 40 dtex thick and 2 to 12 cm long which are sewn together and after subjecting the fabric to a static pressure of 20 cN / cm ^{2, it} maintains a minimum thickness of 2 mm. 2. The layer according to claim 1 The method of claim 1, wherein the non-woven non-woven material has an apparent density of 30 to 60 kg / m3. 3. The layer according to claim 1 The fabric of claim 1, wherein the nonwoven nonwoven material has a thickness in the range of 8 to 12 mm. 4. The layer according to claim 1 The method of claim 1, characterized in that it comprises synthetic fibers selected from the group consisting of polyester, polyamide, polyoxyamide, or superabsorbent fibers or a mixture of these fibers. 5. The layer according to claim 1 The fiber of claim 4, wherein the fibers have a thickness of 6 to 20 dtex 6. The layer according to claim 1 5. The fiber of claim 5, characterized in that the fibers have a length of 5 to 7.5 mm. The layer according to claim 7 6. The apparatus of claim 6, characterized in that the fibers are bonded directly to each other. 8. The layer according to claim 1 3. The non-woven fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that the non-woven non-woven material, after being subjected to a static pressure of 20 cN / cm ', maintains a minimum thickness of 4 mm.