PL155B1 - A method of obtaining odorless and tasteless liquid oils from fish oils. - Google Patents

A method of obtaining odorless and tasteless liquid oils from fish oils. Download PDF

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Publication number
PL155B1
PL155B1 PL155A PL15519A PL155B1 PL 155 B1 PL155 B1 PL 155B1 PL 155 A PL155 A PL 155A PL 15519 A PL15519 A PL 15519A PL 155 B1 PL155 B1 PL 155B1
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PL
Poland
Prior art keywords
oils
oil
fish
odorless
obtaining
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Application number
PL155A
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Polish (pl)
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Publication date
Application filed filed Critical
Publication of PL155B1 publication Critical patent/PL155B1/en

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Wiadomo, ze swoisty zapach tranu wielorybiego i innych olejów rybich mozna czesciowo usunac* ogrzewaniem do temperatury 250—400°. Tego rodzaju sposób stanowi przedmiot patentu angiel¬ skiego 8854/1841. Wedlug tego patentu tran ogrzewa sie do 320—330°, poczem przez ochladzany tran przepuszcza sie powietrze lub inny jakikolwiek gaz obo¬ jetny. Nowa metoda Boehma (patenty niemieckie 230123 i angielski 7901/1906) usiluje usunac nieprzyjemny zapach tranu ogrzewaniem do 340—400° w przeciagu kilku godzin w atmosferze gazu obojet¬ nego lub w prózni. W podobny sposób postepuje Bergius (patent niemiecki 294778) przy temperaturze jednak nizszej, bo tylko 250—300°. . Wedlug jego wy¬ jasnien przez obnizenie temperatury unika sie potrzeby przepuszczania gazu obojetnego i stosowania prózni, które wywoluja rozkladanie sie olejów i straty przy oddestylowaniu.Wymienione tu sposoby maja za zasade usuwanie zapachu olejów rybich jedynie przez polimeryzacje, dzieki któ¬ rej znaczna czesc molekul w wysokim stopniu nienasyconych kwasów tluszczo¬ wych, posiadajacych nieprzyjemny za¬ pach, zmienia swoje uksztaltowanie, two¬ rzac nowe zwiazki, zapachu nie posia¬ dajace. Wszelako stosowanie polimery¬ zacji w ten sposób doprowadza po wiekszej czesci do takiego stopnia ge¬ stosci, ze produkty zatracaja swój cha¬ rakter zwyklych olejów plynnych. Zna- nemi dotychczas metodami nie udaje sie w zadnym razie otrzymac z olejów ry¬ bich olejów jadalnych w stanie plynnym.Niniejszy wynalazek daje sposóbC-wyrobu z olejów rybich olejów jadal¬ nych zupelnie plynnych, bez zapachu i smaku, trwalych. Istota metody polega przedewszystkiem na obnizeniu liczby jodowej olejów rybich ostroznym uwo- dorodnianiem, a to w ten sposób, aby oleje pozostawaly w stanie zupelnie plynnym i ich liczba jodowa odpowia- dala liczbie jodowej oleju bawelnianego lub oleju orzechów ziemnych. Bardzo istotnym jest warunek, aby hartowanie prowadzone bylo stosunkowo niewielkao iloscia katalizatora i wolno, tak aby tylko kwasy tluszczowe silnie niedosy- cone wiazaly wodór i przechodzily w kwasy mniej nasycone, w zadnym jednak razie nie redukowaly sie do kwasu stearynowego, który zmniejsza plynnosc olejów. Po umiarkowanem uwodorod- nieniu oleje rybie polimeryzuja sie nieco, w tym mianowicie celu, aby usu¬ nac pozostale ilosci mocno nienasyco¬ nych kwasów tluszczowych, posiadaja¬ cych specyficzny zapach tranu. Polime¬ ryzuje sie oleje kilkunastogodzinnem ogrzewaniem w zamknietem naczyniu? w które wpuszcza sie wodór. Oleje na¬ stepnie ochladza sie w atmosferze wo¬ dorowej, doswiadczenie bowiem poka¬ zalo, ze wodór w szczególny sposób chroni oleje od rozkladu, podczas gdy para wodna, kwas weglowy, azot, a takze powietrze atmosferyczne dzialaja szko¬ dliwie na oleje i czynia je niezdatnemi do celów jadalnych. Wreszcie po ochlo¬ dzeniu, oleje nalezy odwonic zupelnie dzialaniem pary wodnej.Wspóldzialaniem najrozmaitszych srod¬ ków, wskazanych w niniejszym opisie, otrzymuje sie z olejówT i tranów rybich oleje jadalne plynne, podobne do innych olejów plynnych swiata roslinnego, np. oleju z orzechów ziemnych, sezamo¬ wego i t. p. Oleje otrzymane podlug niniejszego wynalazku daja sie stosowac równiez do celów technicznych, naprzy- klad do wyrobu mydla, preparatów far¬ maceutycznych i t. p. Niniejszy sposób ma zastosowanie i do innych olejów rybich, jak tranów, oleju z sledzi i t. p.Przyklad. 100 kg oczyszczonego tranu wielo¬ rybiego o liczbie jodowej 125 traktuje sie w przeciagu 4—6 godzin w autokla¬ wie wodorem z niewielka iloscia kata¬ lizatora niklowego; hartowaniem tern obniza sie liczbe jodowa mniej wiecej do 100. Po odsaczeniu katalizatora prze¬ sacz ogrzewa sie w przeciagu 3—4 go¬ dzin w atmosferze wodoru w zamknietem naczyniu. Olej nastepnie ochladza sie w strumieniu .wodoru do temperatury 80—100° i ochlodzony przeprowadza do innego naczynia, gdzie go sie osta¬ tecznie pozbawia zapachu zapomoca pary wodnej. PLIt is known that the peculiar smell of whale oil and other fish oils can be partially removed * by heating to 250-400 °. Such a method is the subject of British Patent 8854/1841. According to this patent, the fish oil is heated to 320 ° -330 °, and then air or any other inert gas is passed through the cooled oil. Boehm's new method (German patents 230123 and English 7901/1906) attempts to remove the unpleasant odor of fish oil by heating to 340-400 ° for several hours in an inert gas atmosphere or under a vacuum. Bergius (German patent 294778) proceeds in a similar way at a lower temperature, only 250-300 °. . According to his explanation, lowering the temperature avoids the need to pass an inert gas and to use a vacuum, which causes oil decomposition and distillation losses. The methods mentioned here have the principle of removing the smell of fish oils only by polymerization, thanks to which a large part of the molecules in high degree of unsaturated fatty acids, having an unpleasant odor, changes its structure, creating new compounds which do not have an odor. The use of polymerization in this way, however, brings about such a degree of density that the products lose their character of ordinary liquid oils. Hitherto known methods have in no way succeeded in obtaining liquid edible oils from fish oils. The present invention provides a process C-for the preparation of completely liquid, odorless and tasteless, stable oils from fish oils. The essence of the method consists first of all in reducing the iodine number of fish oils by careful hydration, so that the oils remain completely liquid and their iodine number corresponds to the iodine number of cottonseed oil or peanut oil. It is very important that the quenching is carried out with a relatively small amount of catalyst and slowly, so that only severely insufficient fatty acids bind hydrogen and turn into less saturated acids, but in no case do they reduce to stearic acid, which reduces the fluidity of the oils. After moderate hydration, the fish oils polymerize somewhat, for the purpose of removing residual amounts of highly unsaturated fatty acids having the specific smell of cod liver oil. Oils are polymerized by heating in a closed vessel for several hours? into which hydrogen is dropped. Oils are gradually cooled in a hydrogen atmosphere, because experience has shown that hydrogen protects oils from decomposition in a special way, while water vapor, carbonic acid, nitrogen and also atmospheric air act harmful to oils and make them worse. make them unfit for edible purposes. Finally, after cooling, the oils must be completely deflated by the action of steam. By the action of the various agents mentioned in this specification, edible liquid oils are obtained from fish oils and fish oils, similar to other liquid oils of the vegetable world, e.g. peanut oil. , sesame, etc. The oils obtained in accordance with the present invention are also applicable for technical purposes, for example for making soap, pharmaceutical preparations, etc. This method is applicable to other fish oils such as fish oil, herring oil, etc. Example. 100 kg of purified multi-fish oil with an iodine number of 125 are treated in an autoclave with hydrogen and a small amount of nickel catalyst for 4 to 6 hours; by quenching the tern, the iodine number is lowered to about 100. After filtering off the catalyst, the sulphate is heated for 3-4 hours in a closed vessel in a hydrogen atmosphere. The oil is then cooled in a stream of hydrogen to a temperature of 80-100 ° and, when cooled, it is transferred to another vessel, where it is finally deodorized by steam. PL

Claims (1)

Zastrzezenie patentowe.Patent claim. 1. Sposób otrzymywania z olejów rybich plynnego pozbawionego zapachu i smaku oleju, tern znamienny, ze po¬ czatkowo glówna ilosc silnie nienasyco¬ nych kwasów tluszczowych, szczególniej nadajacych olejom zapach tranu, prze¬ prowadza sie w mniej nienasycone kwasy, ostroznem hartowaniem, nastep¬ nie, po usunieciu katalizatora, pozostala ilosc silnie nienasyconych kwasów tlu¬ szczowych polimeryzuje sie ogrzewa¬ niem w atmosferze wodoru i wreszcie olej ostatecznie odwadnia sie para wodna. ZAKLBMF.K0ZlrittUCH W WMI1MML PL1. The method of obtaining from fish oils a liquid, odorless and tasteless oil, characterized by the fact that initially the main amount of highly unsaturated fatty acids, more particularly giving the oils the smell of cod liver oil, is converted into less unsaturated acids, carefully tempered, followed by no, after removal of the catalyst, the residual amount of highly unsaturated fatty acids is polymerized by heating in a hydrogen atmosphere and finally the oil is finally dehydrated. ZAKLBMF.K0ZlrittUCH IN WMI1MML PL
PL155A 1919-11-24 A method of obtaining odorless and tasteless liquid oils from fish oils. PL155B1 (en)

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PL155B1 true PL155B1 (en) 1924-06-28

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