PL139278B1 - Method of drying brickworks and protecting them against remoisturizing - Google Patents

Method of drying brickworks and protecting them against remoisturizing Download PDF

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Publication number
PL139278B1
PL139278B1 PL1982239422A PL23942282A PL139278B1 PL 139278 B1 PL139278 B1 PL 139278B1 PL 1982239422 A PL1982239422 A PL 1982239422A PL 23942282 A PL23942282 A PL 23942282A PL 139278 B1 PL139278 B1 PL 139278B1
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PL
Poland
Prior art keywords
electrodes
drying
holes
hydrophobic medium
wall
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Application number
PL1982239422A
Other languages
Polish (pl)
Other versions
PL239422A1 (en
Inventor
Jerzy Olifierowicz
Tadeusz Tomborowski
Andrzej Trzecianowski
Original Assignee
Politechnika Warszawska
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Application filed by Politechnika Warszawska filed Critical Politechnika Warszawska
Priority to PL1982239422A priority Critical patent/PL139278B1/en
Priority to DE8383112312T priority patent/DE3364770D1/en
Priority to AT83112312T priority patent/ATE20935T1/en
Priority to EP83112312A priority patent/EP0111306B1/en
Priority to NO834523A priority patent/NO834523L/en
Publication of PL239422A1 publication Critical patent/PL239422A1/en
Publication of PL139278B1 publication Critical patent/PL139278B1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/70—Drying or keeping dry, e.g. by air vents
    • E04B1/7007—Drying or keeping dry, e.g. by air vents by using electricity, e.g. electro-osmosis

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
  • Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)

Abstract

1. Method for drying and protection of masonry from recurring dampness, in which the drying process is carried out by means of an electromotive apparatus and the seal is formed by means of a hydrophobic medium introduced into holes bored at an angle to the ground surface, characterized in that the upper row of electrodes is set into the masonry spaced from the negative electrodes by up 1 metre, and preferably in the neighbourhood of the earth surface, and in order to achieve even drying the spacing between the positive electrodes in a row is determined depending on the size of the dampened area and the electrodes are divided into groups which are supplied from separate sources, in that the holes for the hydrophobic medium are bored outside the zone of influence of the electrical field above the upper row of electrodes, and in that the hydrophobic medium is continuously introduced into these holes during the flow of current which, following the principal of continuity of current as well as capilliary and gravitational transport and convenyance, penetrates into the capilliaries and pores where it spreads out, where the electrokinetically downwardly-transported water is removed, so that a seal against dampness is formed.

Description

Przedmiotem wynalazku jest sposób suszenia i zabezpieczania murów przed ponownym zawilgo¬ ceniem na skutek kapilarnego podciagania wody z gruntu.The subject of the invention is a method of drying and protecting walls against renewed moisture due to capillary rising of water from the ground.

Zna jest z polskiego opisu patentowego tymczasowego 90 814 sposób elektroosmotycznego osu¬ szania przegród budowlanych, wedlug którego osuszanie przeprowadza sie za pomoca instalacji elektroosmotycznsj etapowo w strefach ograniczonych poziomami blokujacymi usytuowanymi jeden nad drugim* pionowo wzgledem powierzchni gruntu. W kazdej osuszanej strefie umieszcza sie dwie pary elektrod powierzchniowych, gdzie kazde pare stanowie dwie elektrody, z których jedna Jest umieszczona po jednej stronie przegrody na górnym poziomie blokujacym, zas druga jest umiesz¬ czona po drugiej stronie przegrody na dolnym poziomie blokujacym. Elektrody powierzchniowe za¬ silane se ze zródla pradu stalego, które posiada dla kazdej pary elektrod niezalezne zaciski wyjsciowe, tworzac niezalezne obwody elektryczne. Rozwiazanie to ma na celu osuszanie muru kolejno w strefach w miare wysychania przegrody przez odprowadzanie wilgoci z górnych stref do dolnych i do gruntu. Ma ono ograniczona przydatnosc, gdyz nadaje sie do zastosowania tylko tam gdzie mozliwe jest instalowanie elektrod powierzchniowych. Ponadto nie zapewnia ono skutecznego zabezpieczenia przegrody przed wilgocia, a to ze wzgledu na zjawisko korozji powodujace po pewnym czasie przerwanie dzialania instalacji elektroosmotycznej, a wskutek tego ponowne zawilgocenie przegrody.There is known from the Polish provisional patent specification 90 814 the method of electroosmotic drying of building partitions, according to which drying is carried out by means of an electroosmotic installation in stages in zones limited by interlocking levels located one above the other vertically with respect to the ground surface. Two pairs of surface electrodes are placed in each zone to be dried, each pair being two electrodes, one of which is located on one side of the partition on the upper locking level and the other is located on the other side of the partition at the lower locking level. The surface electrodes are powered by a direct current source which has independent output terminals for each pair of electrodes, forming independent electrical circuits. This solution is aimed at drying the wall successively in zones as the partition dries up by draining moisture from the upper zones to the lower zones and to the ground. It has a limited usefulness as it is only suitable for applications where surface electrodes can be installed. Moreover, it does not provide an effective protection of the barrier against moisture, due to the corrosion phenomenon which, after some time, disrupts the operation of the electro-osmotic installation and, consequently, re-moistens the barrier.

Znane se równiez sposoby osuszania murów metodami elektroosmotycznymi, w których mury na* syca sie róznymi srodkami chemicznymi, wprowadzanymi metodami grawitacyjnymi lub cisnieniowymi.There are also known methods of drying walls using electroosmotic methods, in which the walls are saturated with various chemical substances, introduced by gravity or pressure methods.

Wprowadzane do muru cisnieniowo lub grawitacyjnie srodki chemiczne nie wnikaje jednak dosta¬ tecznie w wypelnione wode pory i kapilary. Znany jest z polskiego opisu patentowego nr 103 633 sposób, który pozwala ten cel uzyskac. W sposobie tym transport wody odbywa sie do dolu, na¬ tomiast transport srodka hydrofobowego odbywa sie do góry. Zmiana kierunku transportu czynnika cieklego dokonywana jest za pomoce zmiany biegunowosci napiecia przylozonego do elektrod na od¬ wrotne, wzgledem biegunowosci zapewniajecej w procesie suszenia transport wody do dolu. Wprowa¬ dzenie srodka hydrofobowego do muru zachodzi na zasadzie podclegania do góry, wywolanego pod¬ cisnieniem elektr00smotycznym skierowanym do góry, przy czyn skierowanie to wynika ze zmiany biegunowosci napiecia•/ rt < O N 3 H- a a o a o IV c S o a < • rt 3 O n N 4) O o- H O X" 0 0. o a H 0 3 H- h- (O O o K • 3 3 ?* X" 0) H- 1 O N T> ?1 N • (0 rt 1 N • 3 H- 0 u H* 40 a TT 0 TJ H* H OD 1 0 O 3" K •u O n n o 3" O •o •n o* r* 3 ?* § < O 3" N rt 1 b 3 (0 TJ O n rt 1 0 3 • Li.Chemical agents introduced into the wall by pressure or gravity do not, however, sufficiently penetrate into the pores and capillaries filled with water. There is a method known from the Polish patent description No. 103 633 which allows to achieve this goal. In this method, the transport of water is downward, while the transport of the hydrophobic agent is upward. The change of the direction of transport of the liquid medium is carried out by changing the polarity of the voltage applied to the electrodes to the reverse, with respect to the polarity ensuring the transport of water downwards in the drying process. The introduction of the hydrophobic agent into the wall is based on the principle of subjection upwards, caused by the electromagnetic pressure directed upwards, because this direction results from a change in the voltage polarity • / rt <ON 3 H- aao IV c S oa <• rt 3 O n N 4) O o- HOX "0 0. oa H 0 3 H- h- (OO o K • 3 3? * X" 0) H- 1 ONT>? 1 N • (0 rt 1 N • 3 H - 0 u H * 40 a TT 0 TJ H * H OD 1 0 O 3 "K • u O nno 3" O • o • no * r * 3? * § <O 3 "N rt 1 b 3 (0 TJ O n rt 1 0 3 • Li.

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N 40 O *< O 3" N Lj. 0 3 H- 0 X" TJ O M 0 n -< N 0 O *< Lj. 3 «< O 3" • O N «Q> rt X" O 2 -< a • "0 n N ^< d N < 3 40 rt 0 (O o Lj. 0 0 rt 0 N -< D" *¦ H- 0 TJ 0 O. 0 ?r T) n 40 O. c TJ ^ N 0 TJ IV 1 0 Lj. 40 O 0 (O O 3 9 C •n N 0 3 rt >< 9 O X" T 0 0 H- 0 • (0 TJ 0 1 TJ IV 3 < 0 M 0 X" rt •n o o 0 9 O rt *< O N 3 0 C rt ¦n N *< 9 C Lj. €0 0 H- 40 3 0 TJ O N H- O 9 H- 0 H- O 3" 2 0 •n rt O 0* O H- O. c N- O 3 I-1- N- 0 N >< 9 3 H- N- 3 o rV •n 0 0 H- 0 TJ o 1 3 o 0> o H- 0 c 0 N 0 3 P- 0 3 TJ H- 0 T 3 0 N < O 3" O. 3 H- 0 O 3" TJ O 2 IV 40 O N 0 3 H- C H- 3 0 rt 0 M 0 O Lj.N 40 O * <O 3 "N Lj. 0 3 H- 0 X" TJ O M 0 n - <N 0 O * <Lj. 3 «<O 3" • ON «Q> rt X" O 2 - <a • "0 n N ^ <d N <3 40 rt 0 (O o Lj. 0 0 rt 0 N - <D" * ¦ H - 0 TJ 0 O. 0? R T) n 40 O. c TJ ^ N 0 TJ IV 1 0 Lj. 40 O 0 (OO 3 9 C • n N 0 3 rt> <9 OX "T 0 0 H- 0 • (0 TJ 0 1 TJ IV 3 <0 M 0 X" rt • noo 0 9 O rt * <ON 3 0 C rt ¦n N * <9 C Lj. € 0 0 H- 40 3 0 TJ ON H- O 9 H- 0 H- O 3 "2 0 • n rt O 0 * O H- O. c N - O 3 I-1- N- 0 N> <9 3 H- N- 3 o rV • n 0 0 H- 0 TJ o 1 3 o 0> o H- 0 c 0 N 0 3 P- 0 3 TJ H- 0 T 3 0 N <O 3 "O. 3 H- 0 O 3" TJ O 2 IV 40 ON 0 3 H- C H- 3 0 rt 0 M 0 O Lj.

H- • s TJ O N O 0 rt 0 IV 1 O *" 1 0 0 H- 0 0 C 0 N 0 3 H- 0 TJ n N 0 1 "0 O 3 0 O. rt O 2 TJ *i 0 *- rt hT O 0 o *- 0 N 0 IV O 0 H- 40 * N- 0 0 TJ O 0 O CT rt 0 3 O 3" 0 n 0 X- rt 0 •n 15 C Lj. 0 0 H- «0 0 N -< O" X- H- 9 0 TJ 0 O.H- • s TJ ONO 0 rt 0 IV 1 O * "1 0 0 H- 0 0 C 0 N 0 3 H- 0 TJ n N 0 1" 0 O 3 0 O. rt O 2 TJ * i 0 * - rt hT O 0 o * - 0 N 0 IV O 0 H- 40 * N- 0 0 TJ O 0 O CT rt 0 3 O 3 "0 n 0 X- rt 0 • n 15 C Lj. 0 0 H-« 0 0 N - <O "X- H- 9 0 TJ 0 O.

X" H- 0 9 0 H» 0 K ct t 1 CO 3 H- «o O H- 0 2 H- 0 M X" O tfr.X "H- 0 9 0 H» 0 K ct t 1 CO 3 H- «o O H- 0 2 H- 0 M X" O tfr.

O H- O O" 0 N 0 n o 2 2 TJ 0 IV 3 H- N 0 3" >< a T o -ti o CT H- N O 2 0 3 *< O 3" • *¦ 0 N 0 H- 0 rt O rt 3 P- 0 O CT 0 N 0 T C 2 3 H- ?T 0 3 H- 0 0* n o a. ^r 0 3" *< O. n o -h O o- o 2 0 co o H- 3 H- 0 N 0 TJ O 2 3 H- 0 C N •< 0 X" 0 3 H- 0 9 O N- r-» H- 2 < o 3" O.O H- OO "0 N 0 no 2 2 TJ 0 IV 3 H- N 0 3"> <a T o -ti o CT H- NO 2 0 3 * <O 3 "• * ¦ 0 N 0 H- 0 rt O rt 3 P- 0 O CT 0 N 0 TC 2 3 H-? T 0 3 H- 0 0 * no a. ^ r 0 3 "* <O. no -h O o- o 2 0 what o H - 3 H- 0 N 0 TJ O 2 3 H- 0 CN • <0 X "0 3 H- 0 9 O N- r-» H- 2 <o 3 "O.

O O 0 H- €0 1 0 r-« 0 ^~ rt T O O 0 9 O rt *< O N 3 0 Lj.O O 0 H- € 0 1 0 r- «0 ^ ~ rt T O O 0 9 O rt * <O N 3 0 Lj.

« O." ABOUT.

O TT O 3 1 0 3 0 2 o *¦ ¦n 0 0 H- 0 3" >< O.O TT O 3 1 0 3 0 2 o * ¦ ¦n 0 0 H- 0 3 "> <O.

T O -h O O- H- N 0 O Lj.T O -h O O- H- N 0 O Lj.

H- % TJ O TJ 1 N 0 a N o 3 ¦< 3 O X" *l 0 0 0 9 0 C 0 N 0 3 H- 0 3 H- 0 N 2 H- 40 1 r-» 0 T 3 "< 9 TJ O O.H-% TJ O TJ 1 N 0 a N o 3 ¦ <3 OX "* l 0 0 0 9 0 C 0 N 0 3 H- 0 3 H- 0 N 2 H- 40 1 r-» 0 T 3 " <9 TJ O O.

O H- 40 co 0 3 H- 0 9 rt 0 co O 0* *1 o o. ^~ 0 • > 2 H- 40 O N 9 H- 0 3 0 3 0 TJ H- •0 O H- 0 TJ T N < IV o IM O 3 0 CO O a. o 0 i- 0 X" rt n O O.O H- 40 every 0 3 H- 0 9 rt 0 every O 0 * * 1 o o. ^ ~ 0 •> 2 H- 40 ON 9 H- 0 3 0 3 0 TJ H- • 0 O H- 0 TJ TN <IV o IM O 3 0 CO O a. O 0 i- 0 X "rt n O O.

H- 3 0 rt 0 M 0 O Lj.H- 3 0 rt 0 M 0 O Lj.

H- rt O rt 3 < O c 0 N 0 •n TJ 0 3 0 rt n 0 O Lj, H- (0- •1 O O. *- 0 3" < a •n o H» O CT O 2 0 co o 2 7T H- 0 n c 3 TT C a o co o n << « TJ O 3 0 a TJ o N H- O 9 O X" T 0 0* !-• O 3 *< TT 0 TJ H- 1 O.H- rt O rt 3 <O c 0 N 0 • n TJ 0 3 0 rt n 0 O Lj, H- (0- • 1 O O. * - 0 3 "<a • no H» O CT O 2 0 what o 2 7T H- 0 nc 3 TT C ao what on << «TJ O 3 0 a TJ o N H- O 9 OX" T 0 0 *! - • O 3 * <TT 0 TJ H- 1 O.

•-J O -h O CT O 2 o co o • a 0 o. 3 O O N 0 0* 3 H- 0 N 0 2 N CO !-• 40 O. c 3 0 N 0 TJ O 2 H- 0 rt n N 0 3 H- 0 7T 0 TJ H- H1 0 1 * 3 H- 0 N 2 H- 40 *" 0 N 0 0 H- «o 2 0 TJ O 0 O* O" H- 0 1 2 < 0 rt 40 TJ O 2 0 3 H- 0 N 2 H- 40 ^_ 0 N O 3 0 CO o N 0 2 H- r-« (O O O 0 3 H- 0 % C 3 H- 0 9 O N- l-1 K 2 H- 0 Lj.• -JO -h O CT O 2 o what o • a 0 o. 3 OON 0 0 * 3 H- 0 N 0 2 N CO! - • 40 O. c 3 0 N 0 TJ O 2 H- 0 rt n N 0 3 H- 0 7T 0 TJ H- H1 0 1 * 3 H- 0 N 2 H- 40 * "0 N 0 0 H-« o 2 0 TJ O 0 O * O "H- 0 1 2 <0 rt 40 TJ O 2 0 3 H- 0 N 2 H- 40 ^ _ 0 NO 3 0 CO o N 0 2 H- r- «(OOO 0 3 H- 0% C 3 H- 0 9 O N- l- 1 K 2 H- 0 Lj.

O 0 CO o CO n 0 2 H- rt 0 O -< Lj. 3 40 TJ 0 3 0 rt 1 0 O Lj. «0 0^ *1 O O. z^- 0 3" •< 1 rt < o N 3 0 CO o » S 2 >< 3 H- X" c rt O CO O 3 0 0 rt «o TJ C Lj.O 0 CO o CO n 0 2 H- rt 0 O - <Lj. 3 40 TJ 0 3 0 rt 1 0 O Lj. «0 0 ^ * 1 O O. z ^ - 0 3" • <1 rt <o N 3 0 CO o »S 2> <3 H- X" c rt O CO O 3 0 0 rt «o TJ C Lj .

O TJ O O. 2 *< N 0 N o 3 H- 0 TJ O N H- O 9 C « M H- O N <0 O O o.O TJ O O. 2 * <N 0 N o 3 H- 0 TJ O N H- O 9 C «M H- O N <0 O O o.

TJ O N H- O 9 C C LJ. 0 9 3 0 Lj. 0 t-> 0 7T rt T O O. < O H- 40) (O 0 3 H- 0 2 o o. -< o. o co o ¦-1 *< « c TJ •n N 0 O. 3 H- O 0 TJ ¦n o 2 0 a N O 3 0 Lj. 2 o. o IV % 2 N 9 O O 3 H- O 3 0 0 -t% 0 *" rt 0 9 rt 1 0 3 0 TJ O •n rt C 0 M 0 *" rt •1 O O 0 9 O 1 TJ n N < rt < 9 N O 0 rt 0 3 H- 0 N 9 H- 0 3 H- O 3 ^< z^" H- 0 T C 3 0 *- TJ n N < IV o N- O 3 0 ca o a o 0 r- 0 X" rt ^ O a 3 0 TJ H- 40 O H- 0 | 3 0 0 rt <0 TJ H- TJ O 2 rt O- •1 3 H- 0 TJ O O. 1 N 0 2 0 N 0 2 < 0 rt 0 1 O N 0 Lj. d) O 0 CO O O.TJ O N H- O 9 C C LJ. 0 9 3 0 Lj. 0 t-> 0 7T rt TO O. <O H- 40) (O 0 3 H- 0 2 o o. - <o. O what o ¦-1 * <«c TJ • n N 0 O. 3 H - O 0 TJ ¦no 2 0 a NO 3 0 Lj. 2 o. O IV% 2 N 9 OO 3 H- O 3 0 0 -t% 0 * "rt 0 9 rt 1 0 3 0 TJ O • n rt C 0 M 0 * "rt • 1 OO 0 9 O 1 TJ n N <rt <9 NO 0 rt 0 3 H- 0 N 9 H- 0 3 H- O 3 ^ <z ^" H- 0 TC 3 0 * - TJ n N <IV o N- O 3 0 ca oao 0 r- 0 X "rt ^ O a 3 0 TJ H- 40 O H- 0 | 3 0 0 rt <0 TJ H- TJ O 2 rt O - • 1 3 H- 0 TJ O O. 1 N 0 2 0 N 0 2 <0 rt 0 1 ON 0 Lj. D) O 0 CO O O.

O TJ 0 IV 3 0 CO O N 0 CT t-> O TT O 2 0 3 H- 0 TJ O 2 rt o» T 3 0 CO O TJ O O. o H- 40) (O 0 3 H- 0 2 o o. «< N CO ¦n c 3 rt C • U 0 N- 0 r-1 H- m -h 0 X" rt 0 9 rt < O 3" N Lj. 0 2 H- 0 X" Lj. 0 0 rt C N -< 0 TT H- 2 0 3 H- 0 3 H- 0 n O 2 3 O 9 H- 0 -i 3 H- 0 N 0 3" «< O. •n o -t> o o- H- N O 2 0 3 0 CO O o CT 0 N 0 T C 9 C *1 C w - 3 H- 0 *" O 1 *¦ H- TJ O 2 H- 0 rt •n N 3 0 « TT rt O- T 0 C rt T c o. 3 H- 0 Lj. «) r-1 C O" 3 0 2 0 rt C 3 H- 0 3 O N- 1— H- 2 H- 0 Lj.O TJ 0 IV 3 0 CO ON 0 CT t-> O TT O 2 0 3 H- 0 TJ O 2 rt o »T 3 0 CO O TJ O O. o H- 40) (O 0 3 H- 0 2 o o. «<N CO ¦nc 3 rt C • U 0 N- 0 r-1 H- m -h 0 X" rt 0 9 rt <O 3 "N Lj. 0 2 H- 0 X" Lj. 0 0 rt CN - <0 TT H- 2 0 3 H- 0 3 H- 0 n O 2 3 O 9 H- 0 -i 3 H- 0 N 0 3 "« <O. • no -t> o o- H- NO 2 0 3 0 CO O o CT 0 N 0 TC 9 C * 1 C w - 3 H- 0 * "O 1 * ¦ H- TJ O 2 H- 0 rt • n N 3 0« TT rt O - T 0 C rt T c o. 3 H- 0 Lj. «) R-1 CO" 3 0 2 0 rt C 3 H- 0 3 O N- 1— H- 2 H- 0 Lj.

TJ •i N 0 3 H- ^~ 0 3 H- 0 0- n O a X- 0 3" •< a. i o -ti o O" o 2 0 (O o • o o o. 0 rt *" O 2 o 2 *- 0 TJ H- M 0 *1 0 O 3" O 3 0 Lj. 9 3 H- 0 Lj. 0 N < O 3" 0s n 0 o. 3 H- a 0 o 3" TJ O 2 0 rt 0 Lj. 0 0 -h 0 X" rt N 0 TJ O 2 H- 0 rt T N 0 3 H- 0 » rt N 3 • O 3" O O.TJ • i N 0 3 H- ^ ~ 0 3 H- 0 0- n O a X- 0 3 "• <a. Io -ti o O" o 2 0 (O o • oo o. 0 rt * "O 2 o 2 * - 0 TJ H- M 0 * 1 0 O 3 "O 3 0 Lj. 9 3 H- 0 Lj. 0 N <O 3" 0s n 0 st. 3 H- a 0 o 3 "TJ O 2 0 rt 0 Lj. 0 0 -h 0 X "rt N 0 TJ O 2 H- 0 rt TN 0 3 H- 0» rt N 3 • O 3 "O O.

N H- TJ n N 0 O. 0 2 0 N «< 0 rt X" H- 9 3 0 N 0 0 0 O.N H- TJ n N 0 O. 0 2 0 N «<0 rt X" H- 9 3 0 N 0 0 0 O.

N H- 0 CO •n 0 2 H- rt 0 O < Lj. 3 0 Lj. • 3 H- TT 0 TJ O O- O H- (0. 3 • H -0 3 H- 0 s s rt 0 I_i. 0 «< rt C 0 O Lj.N H- 0 CO • n 0 2 H- rt 0 O <Lj. 3 0 Lj. • 3 H- TT 0 TJ O O- O H- (0. 3 • H -0 3 H- 0 s s rt 0 I_i. 0 «<rt C 0 O Lj.

H- 2 "O n o 2 0) a.H- 2 "O n o 2 0) a.

N 0 3 H- 0 U* ^ O O. 7T 0 3" »< a. *i o -h O CT O 2 0 (O o H Lj. 0 (O O T O N TJ KH < 2 2 3 C n N 0 N 0 1 N O. 0 rt 0 IV 0 C 0 c 3 P- <0 rt 0 O 0 IV /V O 2 H- O H- 0 r-1 C CT N 3 0 t_i.N 0 3 H- 0 U * ^ O O. 7T 0 3 "» <a. * Io -h O CT O 2 0 (O o H Lj. 0 (OOTON TJ KH <2 2 3 C n N 0 N 0 1 N O. 0 rt 0 IV 0 C 0 c 3 P- <0 rt 0 O 0 IV / VO 2 H- O H- 0 r-1 C CT N 3 0 t_i.

O. c Lj. 0 0 H- «0 Lj. 0 O. «< 3 H- 0 3 0 OK O H- 0 3 ^_ 0 O 3" ^* 0 TJ H- M 0 n | 3 H- 0 9 0 r-« 2 o co o r-» 0 N 0 1 2 0 1 rt O 0.O. c Lj. 0 0 H- «0 Lj. 0 O. «<3 H- 0 3 0 OK O H- 0 3 ^ _ 0 O 3" ^ * 0 TJ H- M 0 n | 3 H- 0 9 0 r- «2 o what o r-» 0 N 0 1 2 0 1 rt O 0.

O H- C 9 O N- »-• H- 2 H- -0 Lj. 40 O 0 Lj. 0 TT C rt 0 O N 3 0 N 0 0 *< 0 0 3 K 0 OK T O a *¦ 0 3" < O.O H- C 9 O N- »- • H- 2 H- -0 Lj. 40 O 0 Lj. 0 TT C rt 0 O N 3 0 N 0 0 * <0 0 3 K 0 OK T O a * ¦ 0 3 "<O.

T O -h O CT O 2 o co o • S TT 0 TJ H- r-» 0 T 0 O 3" • N ^~ rt O n •< o 3" 2 O O. 0 ¦a T «0 N 0 r-» 3 O 0» O- TJ O 2 H- 0 rt n N 0 3 0 0 rt «0 TJ C Lj. 0 a 0 co n 0 O. 0 O Lj. 0 O N >< 3 3 H- ^_ O 2 2 0 n c 3 x- c Lj.TO -h O CT O 2 o what o • S TT 0 TJ H- r- »0 T 0 O 3" • N ^ ~ rt O n • <o 3 "2 O O. 0 ¦a T« 0 N 0 r- »3 O 0» O- TJ O 2 H- 0 rt n N 0 3 0 0 rt «0 TJ C Lj. 0 a 0 every n 0 O. 0 O Lj. 0 O N> <3 3 H- ^ _ O 2 2 0 n c 3 x- c Lj.

O *< O 3" TJ O 2 0 rt 0 3 H- 0 TJ o a o H* 0» 3 H- 0 3 H- 0 O 2 2 3 K x- 0 3 Ir^ 0 9 ; TJ O 3 H* 0 rt *1 N 0 a. o X- 0 TJ H- r-» 0 1 O TJ ^1 Os N« 3 r* O O N wody. «. cf 0 3 0 TJ O 0 o> or N 0 < N oq H $ c g p* c M* J^J 3 N 1 "O O "O ?1 N • O.O * <O 3 "TJ O 2 0 rt 0 3 H- 0 TJ oao H * 0» 3 H- 0 3 H- 0 O 2 2 3 K x- 0 3 Ir ^ 0 9; TJ O 3 H * 0 rt * 1 N 0 a. o X- 0 TJ H- r- »0 1 O TJ ^ 1 Os N« 3 r * OON of water. «. cf 0 3 0 TJ O 0 o> or N 0 <N oq H $ cgp * c M * J ^ J 3 N 1 "OO" O? 1 N • O.

N 0 Lj. 40 O • TJ *1 O O 0 0 3" < O. •l O H» O CT H- N 0 O Lj.N 0 Lj. 40 O • TJ * 1 O O 0 0 3 "<O. • l O H» O CT H- N 0 O Lj.

H- C 0 c 3 0 3 P- 0 2 O a. < N o CT 0 N 0 1 C 3" < a n o -ti o CT K N O 3 0 3 0 CO O N 3 H- 40 N 0 3 0 Lj. 0 0 rt 3" < O. •l O -ti O CT O 2 9 CO o 3 0 rt O 0 c 3 X" C O.H- C 0 c 3 0 3 P- 0 2 O a. <N o CT 0 N 0 1 C 3 "<ano -ti o CT KNO 3 0 3 0 CO ON 3 H- 40 N 0 3 0 Lj. 0 0 rt 3 "<O. • l O -ti O CT O 2 9 CO o 3 0 rt O 0 c 3 X" CO.

O 3 0 0 < O 0 3 H- 0 CO n 0 3 H- rt 0 O *< Li 3 O CO o • s < 3 H- x- 0 rt O TJ n N 0 O. 0 3 0 N < 0 rt X* H- B N -t» 9 W rt C * N- 0 CJ 0 O. 3 0 X" 0 "O o 0 o CT rt O 3 3 *< X" 0 N C Lj. 9 •o ^ 0 X- rt << O N 3 H- 0 3 H- 0 3 H- 0 r-» X" H- 0 N 3 H- 40 X" 0 N 0 3 H- 0 O CT 0 N 0 1 C TJ 0 3 0 rt *l 0 O Lj.O 3 0 0 <O 0 3 H- 0 CO n 0 3 H- rt 0 O * <Li 3 O CO o • s <3 H- x- 0 rt O TJ n N 0 O. 0 3 0 N <0 rt X * H- BN -t »9 W rt C * N- 0 CJ 0 O. 3 0 X" 0 "O o 0 o CT rt O 3 3 * <X" 0 NC Lj. 9 • o ^ 0 X - rt << ON 3 H- 0 3 H- 0 3 H- 0 r- »X" H- 0 N 3 H- 40 X "0 N 0 3 H- 0 O CT 0 N 0 1 C TJ 0 3 0 rt * l 0 O Lj.

H- 0^ n o a. x- 0 ro r-> UJ M) w VJ CD139 278 3 Realizowany w tan sposób transport plynów - wody i srodka hydrofobowego w nurze wywolany jest cisnieniami elektrokinetycznymi, których dostatecznie duze wartosci zapewnione se w tym przypadku przez forsowanie wartosci pradu za pomoco obnizenia wartosci napiecia polaryzacji ukladu elektrody - nur oraz obnizenia poczatkowej wartosci rezystancji obszaru muru miedzy elektrodami. Uzyskuje sio. to przez zmniejszenie rozleglosci ukladu bioracego udzial w procesie transportu elektrokinetycznego, co jest mozliwe przede wszystkim dzieki korzystnenu umiesz¬ czeniu otworów przeznaczonych do wlewania plynu hydrofobowego. W czasie przeplywu predu jedno-a kierunkowego zachodze w murze elektrochemiczne zjawiska polaryzacji takie jak chemiczne rea¬ gowanie muru na przeplywajacy przez niego prad polegajace na elektrycznym ladowaniu sie tego muru, a objawiajace sie w postaci napiecia polaryzacji ograniczajacego ten prad i obnizajacego szybkosc osuszania.H- 0 ^ no a. X- 0 ro r-> UJ M) in VJ CD139 278 3 The transport of fluids - water and hydrophobic agent in the dive in this way is caused by electrokinetic pressures, the sufficiently large values of which are ensured in this case by forcing the value of the current by lowering the value of the bias voltage of the electrode-current system and lowering the initial resistance value of the wall area between the electrodes He gets the sio. this is by reducing the size of the system involved in the electrokinetic transport process, which is made possible primarily by the advantageous positioning of the holes for pouring the hydrophobic fluid. During the flow of the unidirectional flow, electrochemical polarization phenomena take place in the wall, such as the chemical reaction of the wall to the current flowing through it, consisting in electric charging of the wall, and manifested in the form of a polarization voltage limiting this current and lowering the drying rate.

W sposobie wedlug wynalazku ograniczenie napiecia polaryzacji osiega sie za pomoce zmniej¬ szenia rozleglosci zródla polaryzacyjnego* przez co uzyskuje sie korzystne zmiane stosunku us¬ talonej wartosci napiecia polaryzacji do spadku napiecia na rezystancji muru, skutkiem czego przy niezmienionym wymuszeniu, nastepuje kilkudziesiecioprocentowy wzrost gestosci pradu w mu¬ rze, co prowadzi do zwiekszenia efektywnosci suszenia* Zmniejszenie napiecia polaryzacji i obnizenie wartosci rezystancji obszaru muru miedzy elektrodami dodatnimi a ujemnymi zwiazane ze zmniejszeniem odleglosci miedzy nimi powoduje zwie¬ kszenie wartosci predu w obszarze dzialania pola elektrycznego, a co za tym idzie - zwiekszenie przeplywów elektroosmotycznych, co pozwala uzyskac warunki dostateczne do "zasysania" plynu hydrofobowego w warunkach nawet wilgotnego muru i w konsekwencji czyni mozliwym prowadzenie prac hydrofobizacyjnych równolegle z procesem osuszania. Uzyskuje sie dzieki temu znaczne skró¬ cenie lacznego czasu wykonywania zabiegów na murze. W przypadku prowadzenia hydrofobizacji ró¬ wnolegle do procesu suszenia korzyscia dodatkowe jest znaczne zmniejszenie sie efektu "zapowie¬ trzania" kapilar, oslabiajecego zasysanie plynu hydrofobowego.In the method according to the invention, the reduction of the bias voltage is achieved by reducing the size of the polarization source, which results in a favorable change in the ratio of the fixed value of the bias voltage to the voltage drop on the wall resistance, as a result of which, if the excitation remains unchanged, the current density increases by several dozen percent. masonry, which leads to an increase in the drying efficiency * Reduction of the polarization voltage and reduction of the resistance value of the wall area between the positive and negative electrodes, related to the reduction of the distance between them, increases the value of the speed in the area of the electric field, and thus increases electroosmotic flows, which allows to obtain conditions sufficient to "suck" the hydrophobic liquid in conditions of even a damp wall and, consequently, makes it possible to carry out hydrophobization works in parallel with the drying process. As a result, a significant reduction in the total time of masonry treatments is achieved. In the case of carrying out the hydrophobization parallel to the drying process, an additional advantage is a significant reduction in the effect of "air bubble" in the capillaries, which weakens the suction of the hydrophobic fluid.

Zmniejszenie obszaru muru zawartego miedzy górnymi i dolnymi elektrodami pozwala na zmniej¬ szenie i obnizenie obszaru wystepowania wysolen na powierzchni osuszanych scian. Natomiast ob¬ szar zhydrofobizowany jest duzo rozleglejszy, bardziej trwaly i skuteczniejszy, gdyz wprowadze¬ nie srodków hydrofobowych odbywa sie poza obszarem przeplywu predu, a zatem w miejscu gdzie nie wystepuje dodatkowe wysolenia zwiezana z elektrolize wody, a nawet koncowe zasolenie jest mniejsze od zasolenia zastanego, poniewaz czesc soli jest usuwana razem z wode.Reducing the area of the wall between the upper and lower electrodes allows for the reduction and lowering of the area of salt formation on the surface of the drained walls. On the other hand, the hydrophobized area is much more extensive, more durable and more effective, because the introduction of hydrophobic agents takes place outside the flow area of the predator, and therefore in a place where there is no additional salinity due to the electrolysis of water, and even the final salinity is lower than the salinity of the existing because some of the salt is removed with the water.

Zastosowanie podzialu muru na obszary, w których rozklad wilgotnosci jest mozliwie zbli¬ zony do stalego i leczenie osadzonych w tych obszarach elektrod dodatnich w grupy zasilane z oddzielnych zródel pozwala stworzyc warunki konieczne do tego, aby proces transportu alektro¬ kinetycznego zachodzil z maksymalne efektywnosci? jednoczesnie w calym obszarze muru, na którym prowadzone se prace osuszajeco-zabezpieczajece• Przedmiot wynalazku jest blizej okreslony w przykladach wykonania.The use of dividing the wall into areas in which the distribution of humidity is as close as possible to the constant and the treatment of positive electrodes deposited in these areas into groups supplied from separate sources allows to create the conditions necessary for the alectro-kinetic transport process to take place with maximum efficiency. simultaneously in the entire area of the wall, where drying and protection works are carried out. • The subject of the invention is described in more detail in the examples of implementation.

Przyklad I. Zawilgocony mur w zaleznosci od rozkladu jago zawilgocenia i wydajnos¬ ci urzadzen zasilajacych dzieli sie na sesiadujece ze sobe obszary usytuowana kolejno jeden obok drugiego, wzdluz powierzchni gruntu i w obszarach tych osadza sie elektrody dodatnie two- rzece niezalezne grupy zasilane z oddzielnych urzedzen zasilajecych. W budynku niepodpiwniczo- nym, zawilgoconym na skutek kapilarnego podciagania wody z gruntu osadzono w murze na wysokos¬ ci 30 cm od poziomu gruntu elektrody dodatnie rozstawiona co 40 cm. Elektrody te podzielono na 2 grupy, z których kazda zostala podleczona do dodatniego bieguna oddzielnego urzadzenia za¬ silaj ecego o napieciu do 24 V i pradzie do 1 A. Natomiast do biegunów ujemnych urzedzen zasi¬ lajacych podlaczono wspólne elektrode ujemne.Example I. A damp wall, depending on the distribution of its moisture and the efficiency of the power supply devices, is divided into areas adjacent to each other, one next to the other, along the ground surface, and positive electrodes are deposited in these areas, forming independent groups supplied from separate power supply units . In a building without a basement, damp as a result of capillary rising of water from the ground, positive electrodes were embedded in the wall at a height of 30 cm from the ground level, spaced every 40 cm. These electrodes were divided into 2 groups, each of which was connected to the positive pole of a separate power supply device with a voltage of up to 24 V and a current of up to 1 A. However, a common negative electrode was connected to the negative poles of the power supply devices.

Elektroda ujemna umieszczona zostala w gruncie wokól budynku na glebokosci 50 cm ponizej poziomu gruntu. Ma ona postac ocynkowanego plaskownika ulozonego w gruncie w odleglosci 60 cm od scian zewnetrznych* W odleglosci 20 cm powyzej elektrod dodatnich nawiercono otwory o sred¬ nicy 20 mm dla wprowadzenia srodka hydrofobowego. Otwory te rozstawione) co 20 cm, a nawiercono ja pod ketem 30° do poziomu i na glebokosc 30 cm przy grubosci muru 51 cm. W czasie przeplywu predu do otworów tych wlewano srodek hydrofobowy przygotowany na bazie zywic silikonowych.The negative electrode was placed in the ground around the building at a depth of 50 cm below the ground level. It is in the form of a galvanized flat bar, placed in the ground at a distance of 60 cm from the external walls. 20 cm above the positive electrodes, holes with a diameter of 20 mm were drilled for the introduction of the hydrophobic agent. These holes are spaced 20 cm apart, and they are drilled under a 30 ° ket to the horizontal and 30 cm deep with a wall thickness of 51 cm. While the stream was flowing, a hydrophobic agent prepared on the basis of silicone resins was poured into these holes.

Po miesiecu od zakonczenia prac zastana wilgotnosc wynoszeca 12 + 18% obizyla sie do 7 + 10%, a po trzech miesiecach wynosila ponizej 5%.4 139 278 Przyklad II• W budynku, w którym zawilgocenie scian wynosilo srednio 14% i bylo stosunkowo równomiernie rozlozone wzdluz scian zalozono elektrody dodatnie w rozstawie co 60 ca i podzielono je na cztery grupy o dlugosci po 50 n* zasilane z ozterech jednakowych urzadzen zasilajacych o maksymalnej wydajnosci napiecia 18 V i pradzie 0,7 A. Elektrody ujemne zastosowano z rur stalowych ocynkowanych o srednicy 25 mm i dlugosci 1,5 m, wbitych w grunt co 10 m na zewnetrz budynku i poleczonych miedzy sobe przewodem, wytwarzajac w ten sposób jedne wspólne elektrode ujemne dla calego budynku.One month after the completion of the works, the existing humidity of 12 + 18% was adjusted to 7 + 10%, and after three months it was below 5% .4 139 278 Example II • In a building with an average of 14% dampness in the walls and relatively evenly distributed along the walls, positive electrodes were placed with a spacing of 60 ca. and divided into four groups, each 50 n * long, powered by four identical power devices with a maximum voltage efficiency of 18 V and a current of 0.7 A. Negative electrodes were used from galvanized steel pipes with 25 mm in diameter and 1.5 m long, driven into the ground every 10 m to the outside of the building and connected with each other by a conductor, thus producing one common negative electrode for the entire building.

Poszczególne grupy elektrod dodatnich podlaczono do biegunów dodatnich oddzielnych urza¬ dzen zasilajacych, a wspólne elektrode ujemne do biegunów ujemnych urzedzen zasilajacych.The individual groups of positive electrodes were connected to the positive poles of separate power devices, and the common negative electrodes were connected to the negative poles of the power devices.

W odleglosci 20 cm powyzej elektrod dodatnich nawiercono otwory o srednicy 24 mm dla wprowa¬ dzenia srodka hydrofobowego. Otwory te nawiercono pod ketem 40° do poziomu w rozstawie co 20 cm i na glebokosc 45 cm przy grubosci muru wynoszacej 65 cm. Podczas pracy instalacji wpro¬ wadzono do otworów srodek hydrofobowy przygotowany na bazie zywic silikonowych. Po miesiacu od zakonczenia prac wilgotnosc scian obnizyla sie do 8-10%, a po czterech miesiacach wynosila ponizej 5%.Holes with a diameter of 24 mm were drilled at a distance of 20 cm above the positive electrodes for the introduction of the hydrophobic agent. These holes were drilled at a 40 ° angle to the horizontal with a spacing of 20 cm and a depth of 45 cm with a wall thickness of 65 cm. During the operation of the installation, a hydrophobic agent prepared on the basis of silicone resins was introduced into the holes. One month after the completion of works, the wall humidity dropped to 8-10%, and after four months it was below 5%.

Uzyskane wyniki wskazuje na znaczne skrócenie czasu uzyskania osuszenia murów budynku.The obtained results indicate a significant reduction in the time of obtaining the drying of the building walls.

Ponadto wysolenie sie zwiezków chemicznych wystapilo intensywnie ponizej elektrod dodatnich, a wiec poza strefe blokady hydrofobowej. W ten sposób uzyskano nie tylko przyspieszenie pro¬ ces osuszania, zwiekszanie grubosci strefy zahydrofobizowanej w murze, ale równiez znaczna zwiekszenie trwalosci blokady hydrofobowej* Zastrzenie patentowe Sposób suszenia i zabezpieczania murów przed ponownym ich zawilgoceniem, w którym pro¬ ces osuszania prowadzi sie za pomoce instalacji elektroosmotycznej zalozonej w murze podzielo¬ nym na oddzielnie zasilane obszary, a blokade tworzy sie przez wprowadzanie srodka hydrofobo¬ wego w nawiercone pod ketem do poziomu gruntu otwory, znamienny tym, ze otwory do hydrofobizacji nawierca sie poza dzialaniem pola elektrycznego, powyzej górnego rzedu elektrod dodatnich, które zaklada sie w odleglosci do 1 ra od elektrod ujemnych, korzystnie blisko po¬ wierzchni gruntu, przy czyn dla równomiernego suszenia jednoczesnie calego muru, w zaleznosci od rozkladu zawilgocenia, dzieli sie go na obszary usytuowane kolejno jeden obok drugiego wzduz gruntu i w kazdym z tych obszarów osadza sie elektrody dodatnia, które leczy sie w grupe zasilane z oddzielnego zródla a jednoczesnie w czasie przeplywu predu wprowadza sie srodek hy¬ drofobowy, który na zasadzie efektu cieglosci strumienia jak tez tloczenia oraz przenoszenia kapilarnego i grawitacyjnego wnika i rozprzestrzenia sie w kapilarach i porach opróznionych z transportowanej elektrokinetycznie do dolu wody, tworzac blokade dla wilgoci.In addition, the salting out of the chemical compounds occurred intensively below the positive electrodes, and thus beyond the zone of hydrophobic blockage. In this way, not only the drying process was accelerated, the thickness of the hydrophobized zone in the wall was increased, but also the durability of the hydrophobic blockage was significantly increased. Patent claim A method of drying and securing walls against their renewed moisture, in which the drying process is carried out by means of an installation an electro-osmotic layer placed in a wall divided into separately supplied areas, and the blockage is created by introducing a hydrophobic agent into holes drilled under the ket to the ground level, characterized in that the holes for hydrophobization are drilled outside the action of the electric field, above the upper row of positive electrodes , which is assumed to be at a distance of up to 1 ha from the negative electrodes, preferably close to the ground surface, for the purpose of uniform drying of the entire wall at the same time, depending on the moisture distribution, it is divided into areas located next to each other along the ground and in each of them electrodes are deposited in these areas positive, which is treated in a group supplied from a separate source, and at the same time during the flow of the flow, a hydrophobic agent is introduced, which, on the basis of the effect of stream continuity, as well as pressing, capillary and gravity transfer, penetrates and spreads in the capillaries and pores emptied from electrokinetically transported to the bottom of the water, creating a moisture barrier.

Pracownia Pohgraficzna UP PRL. Naklad 100 egz Cena 130 zlPostgraphic studio of the People's Republic of Poland. Mintage 100 copies Price PLN 130

PL1982239422A 1982-12-09 1982-12-09 Method of drying brickworks and protecting them against remoisturizing PL139278B1 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL1982239422A PL139278B1 (en) 1982-12-09 1982-12-09 Method of drying brickworks and protecting them against remoisturizing
DE8383112312T DE3364770D1 (en) 1982-12-09 1983-12-07 Method of drying and protecting masonry against reocurring dampness
AT83112312T ATE20935T1 (en) 1982-12-09 1983-12-07 PROCEDURE FOR DRYING AND PROTECTING MASONRY FROM REWETTING.
EP83112312A EP0111306B1 (en) 1982-12-09 1983-12-07 Method of drying and protecting masonry against reocurring dampness
NO834523A NO834523L (en) 1982-12-09 1983-12-08 PROCEDURE FOR DRYING AND PROTECTING WALLS AGAINST RENEWAL

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PL1982239422A PL139278B1 (en) 1982-12-09 1982-12-09 Method of drying brickworks and protecting them against remoisturizing

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PL139278B1 true PL139278B1 (en) 1987-01-31

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2767849B1 (en) * 1997-08-27 1999-11-12 Financ Yves Judel Soc METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DEWATERING WALLS
ES2208009B1 (en) * 2001-06-04 2005-03-01 Josep Pares Torrus PROCEDURE FOR DESALINATION, DESECTION AND STRUCTURAL REINFORCEMENT OF WALLS, WALLS AND BOVEDAS.

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FR2317430A1 (en) * 1975-07-08 1977-02-04 Berrie Emile Humidity control by electro:osmosis with hygrometer - for slow drying of dwelling walls without deterioration
GB1570656A (en) * 1977-05-28 1980-07-02 Halle Hoch & Montagebau Veb Method for drying buildings
FR2478164A2 (en) * 1980-03-11 1981-09-18 Berrie Emile Electro-osmosis system for drying masonry by colloidal liq. - uses liq. injected for controlled time round electrodes inserted in wall cavities to maintain effectiveness of electro-osmosis
PL138249B1 (en) * 1981-04-24 1986-08-30 Politechnika Warszawska Method of protecting a wall of building structure against misture

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PL239422A1 (en) 1984-07-02
EP0111306A3 (en) 1984-07-25
EP0111306B1 (en) 1986-07-23
ATE20935T1 (en) 1986-08-15
NO834523L (en) 1984-06-12
EP0111306A2 (en) 1984-06-20
DE3364770D1 (en) 1986-08-28

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