OA20489A - Mould-scaffolding system for concrete beam and column formwork. - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a metal tool system used for the formwork of reinforced concrete beams and columns. It consists of a mould-scaffolding complex and armored, removable metal planks made of planks and square tubes (8) in galvanized steel. The mould-scaffolding complex consists of an assembly of two halves of molds and scaffoldings sealed by screws and iron wires, revealing an edifice consisting of a pyramid-shaped scaffolding inlaid in its center with a circular or rectangular mold. The concrete is poured into the mold to give, after drying, a circular or rectangular post that is well coated and homogeneous. The mold for beam formwork is a steel plate armored with three angle irons (4), sometimes fitted with hold-up clamps (1). For the formwork of a beam, two steel plates are fixed to the wall and the concrete is poured into the reinforcement held in a sandwich.

Description

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Mould-scaffolding system for concrete beam and column formwork

The invention relates to a system of construction tools made of metal or any other material, removable and intended for the field of building and public works for the production of beams of low and high chainings, as well as reinforced concrete posts.

The metallic system in accordance with the invention consists either of a metallic or non-metallic plate, or of a mould-scaffolding complex, which can be dismantled in a cylindrical or parallelepiped shape intended to replace wood in all formwork operations for reinforced concrete columns and beams.

Posts and beams are generally reinforced concrete structures implemented in the process of carrying out works in civil engineering or in building and public works. We can distinguish three kinds of posts according to their position: isolated post, post incorporated in the thickness of a wall, post at the end of a wall. And five types of poles according to the material used: steel pole, reinforced concrete pole, concrete pole, mixed pole and wooden pole. These are load-bearing elements responsible for taking up the loads and overloads from the different levels to transmit them to the ground via the foundations. Also, the role of the posts is not limited to ensuring the absorption of vertical loads, but also contributes greatly when they are associated with beams to form frames or gantries intended to resume horizontal actions due to earthquakes and winds. and can also be referred to as piles or pillars in the case of bridges and columns in the case of metal construction.

As for the beams, they are horizontal load-bearing elements responsible for taking up the loads and overloads on the floors to retransmit them to the posts. Loads acting on floor beams, for example, are essentially vertical loads. These loads are assumed to be uniformly distributed, but sometimes these same loads can be point-like. Thus, the floors receiving the permanent loads, and the operating loads by resting on the beams transmit to the latter by support reaction these same loads, which will be transmitted to the vertical load-bearing elements always by the same principle of action. reaction.

[2]

The types of beams also differ according to the nature of the materials constituting them. We then find reinforced concrete beams, steel beams, prestressed concrete beams, composite beams and wooden beams.

The beam has a section where the height is greater than the width, according to its calculation model. The continuous beam is a beam on several supports; it has a smaller section than the beams on two supports for the same span. The beam can be composed of several materials, for example wood and metal, concrete and metal for the assembly, but also for the physical characteristics.

The beam sole is its lower element or its lower face, the base part serving as a support. The downstand is the visible face of the beam from below. If the beam is attached to two separate pillars, then it constitutes a portico. In this case, the beam can be fully embedded on both sides and have a thinner web in the middle or can be hinged at its ends in support and have a thinner web at its ends, or can be hinged in the middle and be embedded in the pillars, and be a composition of two facing brackets.

The present invention according to its characteristics relates to reinforced concrete posts and beams of all shapes and all positions.

The construction of a post or a reinforced concrete floor is done in several stages including, in part or entirely, as the case may be, the laying of the beams, the shoring, the laying of the welded mesh, the formwork or molding and the pouring. concrete. This process uses many wooden planks and plywood. For example, the implementation of a reinforced concrete column can be summarized in three major steps which are as follows:

- First step: earthworks and foundations: this step consists of drawing a line on the ground representing the measurements of the foundation, digging the foundation, laying a bed of crushed stones and laying a polyane film. If necessary, the reinforcement of the foundation is deposited and the concrete is prepared to pour a slab at ground level. Before the complete drying of the concrete, a line representing the dimensions of the post is drawn on it. Before letting the concrete on the ground dry completely, four reinforcing bars are planted at the inside corners of the line, which will be hooked to the reinforcement of the post;

- Second step: it is the realization of the formwork using panels and boards. It consists in setting up the reinforcements of the column represented by a calculated reinforcement

[3] depending on the building loads and fixed to the four reinforcing bars. Half of the formwork is first designed leaving an open space. Finally, the formwork is closed and a bastaing is nailed horizontally to the formwork panels every 1 m;

- Third step: pouring the concrete. For this step, the formwork is filled with concrete then struck with a board over its entire surface so that the concrete settles evenly. This requires climbing on the formwork using a rudimentary device. Finally, the concrete is left to dry for at least seven days. However, it should be noted that concrete only reaches its maximum compressive strength after 28 days.

In order to modernize this rudimentary process which causes not only a problem of coating the wire mesh and sealing the formwork but also malformation of the posts and beams, new processes have emerged.

Thus, the application FR 2663878 filed in France on June 28, 1990 by the company IND SA L and entitled "Improvements in molds for the manufacture of elongated objects such as beams or posts in reinforced concrete", describes molds for the manufacture of reinforced concrete beams or posts of the type comprising a web along the edges of which are hinged two side cheeks, means for holding the cheeks perpendicular to the web and an end element inserted between the cheeks. The device is intended to carry out the molding of one of the ends of the beam or of the post, characterized in that the end element is constituted by a block of flexible and elastic material having dimensions slightly greater than the spacing cheeks and to the depth of the mould. Thus, after closing the mould, the block is slightly crushed, on the one hand, to make the seal and, on the other hand, by deformation of its face facing the inside of the mould, to give the latter the shape to be obtained at the corresponding end of the beam or column. However, this device has the disadvantage of being devoid of scaffolding, it has a very complex structure and uses very robust metal blocks that are difficult to handle.

In the same vein, application PCT/US2014/063605 entitled "Tunnel mould, and system and method for forming reinforced concrete structures by slipform", filed by the company RAPTOR LLC (A FLORIDA LIMITED LIABILITY COMANY) , on January 23, 2014, relates to a system and method for forming reinforced concrete structures by slip form using a tunnel mold comprising a hopper for receiving fast-setting concrete, means for distributing the fast-setting concrete inside the hopper and

[4] in a mold cavity, and a mold cavity with at least one tunnel in communication with the mold cavity, and extending through the housing from its front end to its rear end. The tunnel passing through the housing is of sufficient height and width, and is positioned within the mold housing to allow reinforced concrete bars extending from a network of iron constructions to pass through the mold cavity. mold without being incorporated into the concrete, simultaneously with the formation of a concrete structure by sliding formwork on part of the network of iron constructions. The system and method of the invention are therefore suitable for forming a concrete structure by slip formwork (for example, concrete crowning of a bridge) having both reinforced concrete bars incorporated in the concrete structure formed by slip formwork, and reinforced concrete bars extending inside the formed concrete structure. However, the disadvantage is that the mold and its process are still very complex and are particularly well suited for the construction of roads and bridges.

In total, the production of beams and posts involves numerous accessories: metal props, wooden planks, panels, clamps and plywood which can generally only be used once. In addition, wooden forms very often result in misshapen and poorly coated columns and beams. Even modernized, the mold systems used are unsuitable for medium and modest sites.

The object of the present invention is to make available to the field of building and public works, beam and post construction tools of all types, easy to use, without wood or plywood and panel, giving posts and beams well coated and of homogeneous and regular shape.

In accordance with the invention, this objective is achieved with a system of construction tools made of metal or any other material, removable and intended for the field of building and public works for the production of beams of the low and high chainings, as well as reinforced concrete poles. It is a metallic or non-metallic system, made up of a metal plate and removable cylindrical or parallelepipedic mould, intended to replace wood in all formwork operations for the construction of reinforced concrete structures. The molding tool system consists either of a mould-scaffolding complex or of metal or unshielded and removable plates.

[5]

In one embodiment, the mould-scaffolding complex in accordance with the invention is made of galvanized and lacquered steel. It consists of a parallelepipedal or cylindrical mold alone or arranged on a scaffolding. The cylindrical mold consists of two semi-cylinders made of galvanized steel metal sheets or sheets, in the shape of a semicircle, of the same dimensions, joined by hinges allowing the opening and closing of the mould. Each half-cylinder carries on its external or dorsal part a series of function plates pierced with several riveted holes.

In one embodiment, the edges of the two half-cylinders which join after the mold has been closed are lined over their entire length with several gripping studs whose role is to ensure rigid and solid closing of the mould.

The parallelepiped-shaped mold is made up of two half-parallelpipeds made of galvanized steel plate in the shape of a half-rectangle also joined by hinges allowing the opening and closing of the mould. The two widest and opposite steel plates of this device being coated with a riveting system sufficient enough to ensure strong adhesion of the mold with the scaffolding.

In one embodiment, the edges of the two galvanized steel half-parallelpipeds which join after the mold has been closed are lined over their entire length with several clamps whose role is to ensure rigid closure of the mould.

The second entity in the mould-scaffold complex is a pyramid-shaped, hexagonal-based scaffold. In one embodiment, its framework is made up of two portions of two longitudinal half-pyramids that can be interlocked along their length. Each half-pyramid has a half-hexagonal base surmounted by square tubes of galvanized steel, resting on the three vertices of the basic half-hexagon and solidly linked to a series of several other half-hexagons having diagonals of regular length decreasing from bottom to top. The median square steel tube of the metal frame is fitted with dorsal cleats at the intersection of each half-hexagon. In one embodiment, the lateral galvanized steel square tubes of the same frame at the intersection of the half-hexagons are lined with function holes.

Each half of the mold according to its shape is compatible to be firmly fixed on each portion of scaffolding. In one embodiment, the mold half is mounted on the scaffold half by a system of perfect screwing correspondence between clamps

[6] of the dorsal cleat of the scaffolding portion, and bolt of the mold half. The assembly of the two scaffolding halves secured to their mold half then reveals a building consisting of a scaffolding inlaid in its center with a circular or rectangular mold.

In one embodiment, the assembly of the two half-pyramids forming the scaffolding, is done at the level of the hexagons by a system of interlocking between rectangular tube of greater diameter and rectangular tube of smaller diameter provided with a sliding mode forwards or backwards, which can be locked, to adapt perfectly to the mold according to its dimensions. The locking of the interlocking rectangular tubes is done by pre-installed bolts.

In one embodiment, this building is double sealed: the two portions of scaffolding are screwed at several points from the function holes while the two half-molds are firmly closed thanks to iron wires passing through the clamps of grip that lines the two edges that join after closing.

The mould-scaffolding system in accordance with the invention thus arranged around the reinforcement and firmly fixed to the ground is ready to receive the concrete to produce a well coated and homogeneous circular or rectangular post.

In one embodiment, the mold for the beam formwork is a galvanized steel metal plate cut according to measurements well determined according to the dimensions of the beam and armored with three angle irons. Each angle is made of galvanized steel flat iron, bent at an angle of 90°. The three angles are arranged on the longitudinal side edges and in the central axis on a single face of the steel plate and welded over their entire length in order to give it maximum rigidity which allows it to support the loads.

In a preferred embodiment, the steel plate is furnished with several rows of 48 perforations regularly distributed over its length as well as at least 3 sleeves or cuffs. The perforations are intended to allow the water contained in the concrete to percolate after pouring the concrete and the handles are used to facilitate the handling of the steel planks.

In a preferred embodiment, the two lateral angles are provided with gripping studs. For the realization of a beam on a wall or chaining, two galvanized steel planks according to the invention are fixed on the wall in opposite way by holding in

[7] sandwich the reinforcement, their gap according to the dimension of the beam being firmly maintained by edge iron wires bearing stop cones on their ends. The concrete is finally poured to give, after drying, a beam of regular and homogeneous shape.

The mould-scaffolding metal system for posts and mold for beams, in galvanized and lacquered steel plate according to the invention has many advantages:

- it is not fungible, it is reusable at will and therefore very economical because the building operator only buys it once;

- it replaces wood and therefore helps safeguard forests;

- it makes it possible to produce beams and columns of homogeneous and regular shape.

The other characteristics of the invention will appear more clearly on reading the following description which relates to a non-limiting example of embodiment presented by figures 1, 2 and 3 of plates 1 and 2.

Figure 1 (1a, 1b, 1c and 1d) shows the galvanized steel board and its different structures and facets for the mold of beams. Figure 1a shows an overall view of the outer face of the galvanized steel plank or plate, Figure 1b shows the grip clamps arranged on the side angles, at the ends of the steel plank and Figure 1c, the handling sleeves on the outside of the board. As for Figure 1d, it shows the inner face of the steel plate with its perforations.

Figure 2 (2a, 2b and 2c) represents a portion of scaffolding and the two forms of rectangular and circular moulds, combined with their scaffolding for the production of posts.

Figure 3 (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3ab and 3cd) shows the molds and half-molds of circular and rectangular shape for the production of posts.

In a preferred embodiment, the invention is a system of galvanized steel metal tools for reinforced concrete works. It consists of a mold isolated or adapted to a scaffolding. The insulated mold is a metal plate (Figure 1) intended for the production of the beams, in particular the upper and lower chainings and the mold adapted to a scaffolding or a scaffolding mold (Figure 2: 2b, 2c), is used to build circular or rectangular posts of all types.

In one embodiment, the mold-scaffold consists of two main entities which are the mold and the scaffold. The cylindrical mold is made up of two

[8] half-cylinders (3a) made of galvanized steel metal sheets or sheets, in the shape of a semicircle, of the same dimensions, joined by hinges (7) allowing the opening and closing of the mould. Each half-cylinder carries on its external or dorsal part a series of function plates (11) pierced with several riveted holes.

In one embodiment, the edges of the two half-cylinders which join after the mold has been closed are lined over their entire length with several gripper clamps (10) whose role is to ensure rigid closure of the mould.

The parallelepipedal mold is made up of two half parallelepipeds (3c and 3d) made of galvanized steel plate in the shape of a half-rectangle also joined by hinges (7) allowing the opening and closing of the mould. The two widest and opposite steel plates of this device being coated with a riveting system (9) sufficient enough to ensure strong adhesion of the mold with the scaffolding.

In one embodiment, the edges of the two galvanized steel half-parallelpipeds which join after the mold has been closed are lined over their entire length with several clamps (10) whose role is to ensure rigid closure of the mould.

The second entity of the mold-scaffolding is a pyramid-shaped scaffolding with a hexagonal base. In a preferred embodiment, the base hexagon has a side measurement of 60 cm.

In one embodiment, the framework of the scaffolding is made up of two portions of two longitudinal half-pyramids (2a) that can be interlocked over their entire length. Each half-pyramid has a half-hexagonal base surmounted by square tubes of galvanized steel (8) resting on the three vertices of the basic half-hexagon and solidly linked to a series of several other half-hexagons having diagonals of length regularly decreasing from bottom to top. The median square steel tube of the metal frame is fitted with dorsal cleats (13) at the intersection of each half-hexagon. In one embodiment, the lateral galvanized steel square tubes of the same frame are lined at the intersection of the half-hexagons with function holes (12).

Each half of the mold according to its shape is compatible to be firmly fixed on each portion of scaffolding. In one embodiment, the mold half is mounted on the scaffold half by a system of perfect screwing correspondence between the flange of the dorsal cleat (13) of the scaffold portion and the bolt (9) of the mold half .

[9]

The assembly of the two halves of scaffolding secured to their half of the mold then reveals a building consisting of a scaffolding encrusting in its center a circular or rectangular mold.

In a preferred embodiment, the assembly of the two half-pyramids forming the scaffolding is done at the level of six hexagons by a system of interlocking between rectangular tube of greater diameter (15) and rectangular tube of smaller diameter (14 ) provided with a sliding mode forwards or backwards, which can be locked, to adapt perfectly to the mold according to its dimensions. The locking of the interlocking rectangular tubes is done by pre-installed bolts.

In one embodiment, this building is double sealed: the two portions of scaffolding are screwed on several points from the function holes (12) while the two half-molds are firmly closed thanks to iron wires passing through the right-of-way clamps (10) which line the two edges which join after closing.

To build a post, the mould-scaffolding system according to the invention is arranged around the reinforcement and firmly fixed to the ground. The concrete is then poured into the opening of the cylindrical or parallelepipedic tube to give a well coated and homogeneous circular or rectangular post.

In one embodiment, the mold without scaffolding and used for the formwork of beams is a galvanized steel metal board cut according to well-defined measurements according to the dimensions of the beam to be produced. The steel plate is shielded by three angles (4). Each angle (4) is made of flat galvanized steel, bent at an angle of 90°. The three angles are arranged on the longitudinal side edges and in the central axis on a single face of the steel sheet and welded along their entire length in order to give it maximum rigidity which allows it to support the loads.

In a preferred embodiment, each steel plate is 4 mm thick and the angles are 2 cm square.

In a preferred embodiment, the steel plate is furnished with several rows of 48 perforations (6) regularly distributed over its length as well as at least 3 sleeves or cuffs (3). The perforations (6) are intended to allow the water contained in the concrete to percolate after pouring the concrete and the sleeves (3) are used to facilitate the handling of the steel planks and base (2).

[10J

In a preferred embodiment, the two lateral angles are fitted with gripping studs (1). For the production of a beam on a wall or else chaining-bottom or chaining-top, two galvanized steel planks according to the invention are fixed to the wall in opposite manner so as to sandwich the reinforcement, their gap according to the dimension of the 5 beam being firmly held by edge iron wires bearing on their ends stop cones (4). The concrete is finally poured to give, after drying, a beam of regular and homogeneous shape.

Claims (13)

1- System of construction tools for molding, characterized in that it consists of a mold-scaffolding complex or simple mold, made of armored boards and square tubes in metal or not, removable and is used for the realization reinforced concrete beams and columns, homogeneous and of regular shape. 2- System of construction tools for molding reinforced concrete posts and beams, according to claim 1, characterized in that the mould-scaffolding complex is used for the formwork of parallelepipedal or cylindrical posts. 3- System of construction tools for molding reinforced concrete posts and beams, according to claim 1, characterized in that the simple mold is used for the formwork of the low and high chaining beam. 4- Construction tool system for molding reinforced concrete posts and beams according to claims 1 and 3, characterized in that the mold for the beam formwork consists of boards, armored with angles on the side edges and on the central axis of a face of the board which is provided with several rows of perforations (6), wrists (3) and angle iron (4). 5- System of construction tools for molding reinforced concrete posts and beams according to claims 1, 3 and 4, characterized in that each angle iron (4) is made of galvanized flat steel, bent at an angle of 90° and bearing grip clamps (1) for the two side angles. 6- Construction tool system for molding reinforced concrete posts and beams, according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the mold-scaffolding complex is an assembly of the two halves of scaffolding and molds giving a building made up of a scaffolding in the shape of a pyramid, inlaid in its center with a mold of circular or rectangular shape. 7- System of construction tools for molding posts and beams in reinforced concrete, according to claims 1, 2 and 6, characterized in that the two halves of scaffolding and molds are double sealed by screws (9) from the function holes (12) and by iron wires passing through the hold clamps (10). [12] 8- Construction tool system for molding reinforced concrete posts and beams, according to claims 1, 3, 4 and 5, characterized in that each mold half consists of two half-cylinders in the form of half- circle or two half-parallelpipeds in the shape of a half-rectangle, of the same dimensions. 9- Construction tool system for molding reinforced concrete posts and beams, according to claims 1, 3, 4, 5 and 8, characterized in that the two mold halves are joined by hinges (7) and each carries on its outer face a series of function plates (13) pierced with several riveted holes and on the contiguous edges, several gripper clamps (10). 10- System of construction tools for molding reinforced concrete posts and beams according to claims 1, 2, 6 and 7, characterized in that each scaffolding half consists of two interlocking half-pyramids along their length. 11- System of construction tools for molding reinforced concrete posts and beams according to claims 1, 2, 6, 7 and 10, characterized in that each half-pyramid has a semi-hexagonal base surmounted by square tubes ( 8) in galvanized steel, leaning on the three vertices of the basic half-hexagon and solidly linked to a series of several other half-hexagons having diagonals of regularly decreasing length from bottom to top. 12- System of construction tools for molding reinforced concrete posts and beams according to claims 1, 2, 6, 7, 10 and 11, characterized in that the square tubes (8) lateral to the same frame at the crossing half-hexagons are lined with function holes (12). 13- System of construction tools for molding reinforced concrete posts and beams according to claims 1, 2, 6, 7, 10, 11 and 12, characterized in that the square tube (8) median of the metal frame is provided with dorsal cleat (13) at the intersection of each half-hexagon.