EP2415941B1 - Method and kit for building a concrete vertical wall - Google Patents

Method and kit for building a concrete vertical wall Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2415941B1
EP2415941B1 EP10008075.3A EP10008075A EP2415941B1 EP 2415941 B1 EP2415941 B1 EP 2415941B1 EP 10008075 A EP10008075 A EP 10008075A EP 2415941 B1 EP2415941 B1 EP 2415941B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
enclosure
way
ground
powder
hole
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP10008075.3A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2415941A1 (en
Inventor
Joséphine-Myriam Merckx
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BIO BRAINE
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BIO BRAINE
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Publication date
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Priority to EP10008075.3A priority Critical patent/EP2415941B1/en
Publication of EP2415941A1 publication Critical patent/EP2415941A1/en
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Publication of EP2415941B1 publication Critical patent/EP2415941B1/en
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/0258—Retaining or protecting walls characterised by constructional features
    • E02D29/0291—Retaining or protecting walls characterised by constructional features made up of filled, bag-like elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H17/00—Fencing, e.g. fences, enclosures, corrals
    • E04H17/14—Fences constructed of rigid elements, e.g. with additional wire fillings or with posts
    • E04H17/16—Fences constructed of rigid elements, e.g. with additional wire fillings or with posts using prefabricated panel-like elements, e.g. wired frames
    • E04H17/165—Fences constructed of rigid elements, e.g. with additional wire fillings or with posts using prefabricated panel-like elements, e.g. wired frames using panels with rigid filling and frame
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
    • E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the on-site construction of vertical concrete walls.
  • This method of construction of concrete walls is complicated, requiring multiple operations: installation of a formwork (usually by assembly and nailing of wooden panels), preparation of a hydraulic mortar by mixing with water a mixture of cement and an inert granulate (sand, gravel), pouring the liquid mortar into the formwork and, after setting and hardening the mortar (which may take several days), dismantling the formwork.
  • this known method is excessively expensive for the construction of concrete walls of small dimensions, such as partitions, palisades or walls used to separate or isolate gardens or public or private parks.
  • This known process has the additional disadvantage of being difficult to access for private individuals, particularly in the context of DIY work.
  • the invention aims to overcome the aforementioned disadvantages of the known method defined above.
  • the invention aims more particularly to provide a method for the construction of vertical concrete walls, the implementation of which is easy and fast.
  • the invention aims in particular to provide a method of this type, in which the number of steps to be performed is reduced.
  • the invention is especially intended to provide a method of this type which is within the reach of a public handyman and suitable for the construction of light walls suitable as palisades for the fence of gardens or private parks and / or public .
  • the invention also aims to provide a kit (including a DIY kit) for the construction of a vertical concrete wall, in situ on site.
  • the invention relates to a method for constructing a vertical wall according to claim 1 and to a kit for constructing a vertical wall according to claim 5.
  • the enclosure constitutes the formwork for setting and hardening the concrete. It can be made of any material capable of withstanding the pressure of the concrete mass during the setting and hardening thereof. It may for example be metal, wood or glass (illustrative list, not exhaustive). Additional information on the constitution of the enclosure will be explained below.
  • the dimensions and shape of the enclosure are not critical for the definition of the invention.
  • a prismatic enclosure preferably a rectangular parallelepiped
  • its dimensions are determined by the desire to facilitate its handling. It is generally preferred to use several smaller enclosures, which are then assembled on site. More complete information on how to assemble these speakers will be provided later.
  • the enclosure is hermetic and contains a powder of a hydraulic binder. It is preferably completely filled with the powder. It is essential that the enclosure is airtight, with water and with water vapor.
  • the enclosure is however in communication with an organ capable of introducing water in a controlled manner, at a convenient time. This means must therefore be designed to ensure the hermetic integrity of the enclosure until desired moment to introduce the water. Information on this means will be provided below.
  • the choice of the hydraulic binder is not critical for the definition of the invention.
  • Portland cement is advantageously used.
  • the powder normally also contains an inert granulate, such as sand or gravel, commonly used in the manufacture of concrete. It may also contain fillers commonly used in mortars and concrete, for example a setting accelerator, blowing agent or dye. It is advantageously incorporated an aluminum powder, in order to lighten it. It may be desirable to incorporate an anti-glutinating agent, the role of which is to avoid agglutination or unintentional agglomeration of the particles of the powder during handling and storage of the enclosure.
  • the choice of the particle size of the powder will depend on various factors, among which include the nature of its constituents, its composition, its volume and the shape of the enclosure. It must be determined in each case by a person skilled in the art, possibly by means of routine research work.
  • the anchoring of the enclosure on the ground can be achieved by any appropriate known means. Preferred anchor modes will be discussed later.
  • water is introduced.
  • the water gradually disperses in the powder, causing hydrolysis of the hydraulic binder.
  • the amount of water to be added will depend on the amount of binder present in the enclosure and it may be readily determined by those skilled in the art. Details of a preferred method of introducing water into the enclosure will be discussed later.
  • the enclosure constitutes the formwork used for setting and hardening the concrete. It is not dismantled after the concrete has set and hardened and is therefore an integral part of the wall.
  • a box with a base is placed on the ground, at least one metal bar is pushed vertically into the ground, through a calibrated hole in the bottom of the box, until a flange of the metal bar covers said hole and encased the enclosure in the box.
  • This method of anchoring is especially applicable to loose soil, for example earth.
  • the metal bar may be steel. It is also possible to use a bar made of light metal, for example aluminum. The choice of aluminum has the advantage of resisting atmospheric corrosion.
  • anchor bars Although a single metal bar is normally sufficient for anchoring the box to the ground, it is generally recommended to use several anchor bars, evenly distributed along the length of the base. The optimum number of anchor bars will depend on the length of the base and can be easily determined by those skilled in the art.
  • the or each anchor bar is extended above its collar; moreover, the lower face of the enclosure is pierced with an opening in which the anchor bar engages when said enclosure is embedded in the box.
  • the anchor bar is found embedded in the powder contained in the enclosure, where it is intended to serve as reinforcing reinforcement of the concrete.
  • the aforesaid opening in the lower face of the enclosure is normally closed by a removable cap, said cap being removed at the time of introduction of the bar.
  • the lid is preferably removable by rupture, so that it is broken (for example torn) in contact with the bar. This cap has the function of preventing an entry of air, moisture or water into the powder of the enclosure during handling and storage of the enclosure.
  • Another variant of the preferred anchor mode described above is to facilitate the positioning of the box on the ground. For this purpose, before placing the box on the ground (or in the trench, if necessary), we push two temporary posts in the ground, we stretch a line between the posts and we put the box on the ground taking care that the cord is inserted into a groove in the base of the box.
  • a hermetic cover is placed on the upper face of the enclosure.
  • the upper face the enclosure and the lid are respectively drilled with two calibrated holes which are opposite one another when the lid is placed on the enclosure.
  • a metal rod provided with a circular head and the rod is engaged vertically through the pair of aforementioned holes and pushes in the enclosure until its head comes abut at the periphery of said lid hole.
  • the rod must be put in place after pouring water into the powder of the enclosure, but before the concrete has set.
  • the metal rod will serve as reinforcement steel reinforcing concrete.
  • a single metal rod was used. It is obvious that one can use a larger number of metal rods, distributed on the surface of the lid. Where appropriate, each metal rod corresponds to a pair of holes respectively drilled in the lid and in the upper face of the enclosure. The optimum number of metal rods and their distribution on the surface of the lid will depend on the dimensions of the lid. They can be determined easily by those skilled in the art.
  • the cover may advantageously be provided with light-emitting diodes powered by a source of electric current.
  • the power source may be an ordinary distribution system connection, a stand-alone battery, or a rechargeable battery. According to the invention, it is preferred to use one or more panels of photovoltaic cells.
  • a vertical rib on a side face of one of the enclosures, which is inserted into a corresponding vertical groove of the contiguous side face of the other enclosure.
  • Fixing the rib in the groove can be achieved by any suitable means, for example by means of metal dowels, screws, bolts or by a dovetail assembly.
  • the method according to the invention is applicable to the construction of all types of vertical walls, such as external walls or interior partitions of industrial buildings or residential buildings. It is especially suitable for the construction of fencing or palisades around real estate properties such as gardens or public or private parks.
  • the method according to the invention is well suited for use by individuals, not requiring expensive tools and difficult use, or a skilled workforce.
  • the invention therefore also relates to a kit for the construction of a vertical concrete wall according to claim 5.
  • the enclosure of the kit according to the invention has been defined above. Its shape and dimensions will depend on the shape and dimensions of the wall to erect. They are also dictated by the need to ensure a regular, rapid and homogeneous distribution of water in the hydraulic binder powder, as has been explained above.
  • the enclosure is generally prismatic. Right rectangular prisms are preferred, especially rectangular parallelepipeds.
  • the enclosure can be made of any material capable of withstanding the pressure of the concrete mass during setting and hardening thereof. As has been said above, it may for example be metal, wood or glass (illustrative list, not exhaustive). For economic reasons, it is preferred to make the plastic enclosure.
  • the use of a plastic material has the additional advantage of facilitating its manufacture (by molding or extrusion) and reducing its weight.
  • the walls of the enclosure are made of polymer or synthetic copolymer.
  • polymers and copolymers that can be used in the manufacture of the enclosure include polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyolefins (especially polymers and copolymers of ethylene, propylene and butylene), polycarbonate, fluorinated polymers and copolymers such as polytetrafluoroethylene (illustrative list, not exhaustive).
  • the (co) polymer advantageously contains a filler, in order to enhance its mechanical properties or to give it an appearance or a determined color.
  • fillers include chips of wood, cardboard or metal, sawdust, cork or rubber particles, recycled packaging, reduced to powder or granular form, especially paper , cardboard, cans and cartons [in particular those known under the trade names Tétra Pak ® and Tétra Brik ® (Tétra Laval) and used for the packaging of beverages].
  • the enclosure which is generally of prismatic shape, can advantageously be obtained by assembling prefabricated panels.
  • the walls of the enclosure may advantageously contain decorative elements.
  • the enclosure is double-walled, comprising two plates arranged face to face and connected by spacers.
  • This embodiment of the invention is especially suitable for pregnant synthetic (co) polymer. It combines the advantages of a lightweight structure and improved rigidity.
  • the shape of the spacers is not critical for the definition of the invention. They may advantageously include interposed pads welded or glued to the two plates.
  • the number of spacers will determine the strength and rigidity of the double walls. It must be determined in each particular case by those skilled in the art, according to various parameters among which include in particular the dimensions of the enclosure, especially its height and thickness, the structure of the double walls, their thickness and the material which constitutes them, the shape and the dimensions of the spacers.
  • the plates forming the double walls may advantageously be of the multilayer type, associating at least two (preferably at least three) superimposed layers or films.
  • the enclosure contains a powder of a hydraulic binder. This one preferably fills the whole of the enclosure. Additional information relating to the powder has been communicated above, with reference to the process according to the invention.
  • the enclosure is hermetic to air, water and steam.
  • the enclosure is however in communication with a means capable of introducing water in a controlled manner, at a convenient time.
  • This admission means must therefore be designed to ensure the hermeticity of the enclosure until the desired time to introduce the water.
  • the means for admitting water into the powder of the enclosure comprises at least one perforated tube which is housed in the powder, which extends over the entire height of the the enclosure and opens through the upper face of the enclosure and which is closed by a removable cap.
  • the cap In the kit according to the invention, the cap must ensure a hermetic sealing of the enclosure. This lid is removable, to allow to introduce water into the powder at the appropriate time during the construction of the wall. Any suitable means can be used to make the cap removable, for example a valve or a tap. According to the invention, it is preferred to use a cap that can be broken by mechanical pressure. It may be a membrane likely to be torn or cut.
  • the means of fixing the enclosure to the ground will depend on the floor on which the wall is to be built.
  • the means for fixing the enclosure to the ground comprises a plate, a anchoring member of the plate on the ground and means for hooking the enclosure to the plate.
  • the plate is normally a metal plate, usually steel or aluminum and the anchor comprises a series of screws that are screwed into pins inserted into holes drilled in floor.
  • said enclosure may advantageously comprise a slide adapted to be engaged in a corresponding slide of the plate. [In this embodiment of the kit, the respective positions of the slide and the slide can obviously be reversed, the slide being fixed to the plate and the slide on the enclosure].
  • the kit in a particular embodiment, it comprises a cover and a hermetic sealing means of the cover on the upper face of the enclosure.
  • the lid is pierced with a calibrated hole and the upper face of the enclosure is pierced with a calibrated hole, closed by a removable cap by rupture.
  • the lid attachment means on the upper face of the enclosure comprises a metal rod which is provided with a head whose area is greater than that of the hole of the lid and which is designed to be engaged through the hole of the lid, the hole in the upper face of the enclosure (after rupture of its lid) and penetrate into the powder of the enclosure.
  • the kit comprises several rods, that the lid is pierced with an equivalent number of calibrated holes and that the upper face of the enclosure are pierced with an equivalent number of holes each closed by a cap removable by rupture.
  • the kit according to the invention is suitable for the construction of all concrete walls. It is especially suitable for the construction of small-sized walls, especially for low-rise and shallow walls, such as palisades or fences.
  • the kit according to the invention is advantageously a DIY kit.
  • FIG. 1 The kit shown in Figures 1 to 8 is according to the invention. He understands ( figure 1 ) two steel posts 1 and 2, comprising a flange 3 between an enlarged head 4 and a tapered end 5. Above the flange 3, the posts 1 and 2 are pierced with an opening 6.
  • the kit further comprises a housing 7 containing a cord.
  • the housing 7 and the post 1 comprise means 8 and 9 for temporarily fixing the housing 7 to the post 1.
  • the means 8 and 9 are conventional and advantageously comprise a slider 8 in the form of I which is inserted in a corresponding slider 9 The function of the posts 1 and 2 and the housing 7 will be explained later.
  • the kit further comprises a rectangular box 10 provided with a base 11 ( Figures 2, 2A and 5 ) and metal bars 14.
  • the base 11 is formed of two beams delimiting between them an axial longitudinal groove 12.
  • the box 10 and its base 11 may be made of the same material or different materials, for example wood, metal or a (co) polymeric material. It is preferred that the box 10 and its base 11 are made of the same material, ideally a (co) polymeric material.
  • laminated sheets of the multilayer type are used, as was explained above.
  • the bottom of the box 10 is pierced at regular intervals, with three holes 13 opening into the groove 12 ( figure 5 ).
  • the kit generally comprises three bars 14.
  • the diameter of the bars 14 is chosen so that they can pass through the holes 13. They comprise, between their ends, a flange 15 whose diameter is greater than that of the holes 13.
  • the bars 14 are made of steel or, preferably, aluminum. The respective functions of the caisson 10 and the bars 14 will be explained later.
  • the kit also includes a rectangular parallelepiped shaped speaker 16 ( Figures 3 and 6 ), formed of two longitudinal walls 17, two side walls 18 and a bottom wall 22 and an upper wall 41.
  • the walls 17, 18, 22 and 41 are double walls, comprising two plates 19 and 20 arranged face to face and connected by pads 21.
  • the plates 19 and 20 are laminated sheets of the multilayer type, as has been explained above.
  • the lower wall 22 of the enclosure 16 is pierced with three openings 23.
  • the openings 23 are closed by lids 42 ( figure 3 ) removable by rupture.
  • the enclosure 16 is completely filled with a calibrated powder 64 of a hydraulic mortar.
  • the powder advantageously contains a light load, intended to reduce the weight. This light load may advantageously comprise aluminum particles.
  • the enclosure is hermetic to air and water vapor.
  • the enclosure 16 is intended to be positioned vertically, so that its walls 17 and 18 are vertical and its walls 22 and 41 are horizontal. It contains perforated tubes 25 which extend over its entire height. Although two tubes 25 are shown in Figures 3 and 6 , it is desirable that the enclosure comprises a greater number of vertical perforated tubes 25, homogeneously distributed in the enclosure.
  • the tubes 25 hermetically cross the upper face 41 of the enclosure and they are closed by a cover 48, removable by rupture.
  • the enclosure On one of its side walls 18, the enclosure is provided with a vertical rib 26 and on the other side wall 18, it carries a vertical groove 27.
  • the rib 26 consists of a spar of rectangular cross section and the groove 27 is formed between a pair of similar spars 28.
  • the kit further comprises a removable cover 24 ( figure 4 ) and three metal rods 46 provided with an enlarged head 47.
  • the lid 24 is pierced with three holes 43 and the upper face 41 of the chamber 16 is pierced with three holes 44, normally closed by caps 45 removable by rupture ( to the figure 3 , the covers 45 are confused with the openings 44).
  • the respective functions of the bars 46, the holes 43 and the openings 44 will be explained later.
  • the cover 24 comprises a string of light-emitting diodes 29 and photovoltaic panels 30 connected to the diodes 29 via a switch 31.
  • the kit eg a fence or fence wall along a path or on the edge of a garden or through a meadow or lawn
  • the casing 7 is fastened to the post 1 by means of the fastening means 8 and 9, and then the cord 32 is drawn from the casing 7, through the openings 6 of the posts 1 and 2, it is stretched between these two posts and fixed there by wrapping around a butterfly 65 welded around the opening 6.
  • a spring winder (not shown).
  • the chamber 16 is introduced ( Figures 3 and 6 ) in the box 10, taking care to encase the bars 14 in the openings 23 of the bottom wall 22, the caps 42 being automatically broken by the bars 14. These thus extend vertically in the powder 64 of the enclosure 16.
  • the seal 48 of the perforated tubes 25 is then broken and an appropriate quantity of water is poured in order to convert the powder 64 into a homogeneous mass of mortar.
  • the lid 24 is placed ( figure 4 ) on the upper wall 41 of the enclosure 16, taking care that its holes 43 are vis-a-vis the holes 44 of the upper face 41 of the enclosure 16.
  • the rods 46 are pushed into the mortar mass, until their respective heads 47 are applied to the periphery of the holes 43. In this way, the cover 16 is firmly fixed on the upper face 41 of the enclosure 16.
  • the Figures 7 and 8 show an additional component of the kit.
  • This component is intended to serve as a corner pillar between two or three elements of the palisade, arranged at right angles.
  • I1 comprises an enclosure 16 'of square cross section, intended to be interposed between two speakers 16 arranged at right angles or three enclosures 16 arranged like the three branches of a T.
  • the enclosure 16' is of similar design to that of the enclosure 16 described above, which it is distinguished only by the dimensions of its walls 34 and 35.
  • the enclosure 16 ' is completely filled with a powder 64 similar to that of the enclosure 16 and it is hermetically closed. It is equipped, like the enclosure 16, with a perforated vertical tube 25 for the admission of water into the powder 64, this tube being normally closed by a cap that is removable by rupture.
  • a cover 24 ' serves to seal the enclosure 16', to which it is fixed by means of a rod 46 'with an enlarged head 47', identical to the metal rods 46 of the figure 4 and at their enlarged head 47.
  • At least one of the walls (34 ') carries a rib 36 similar to the rib 26 of the enclosure 16 and a wall 35', adjacent to this wall 34 ', has a similar groove 37 at the throat 27 of the enclosure 16.
  • the Figures 11 and 12 show another additional component of the kit.
  • This component is intended to form an end pillar of the palisade. It comprises an enclosure 16 "of square cross section, identical to the enclosure 16 'of Figures 7 and 8 .
  • the dimensions of the walls 34 "and 35" of the enclosure 16 are identical to those of the corresponding walls 34 'and 35' of the enclosure 16.
  • the enclosure 16" is entirely filled with a powder 64 similar to the powder 64 of the enclosures 16 and 16 'and is hermetically sealed. It is equipped, as the speakers 16 and 16 ', a perforated vertical tube 25 for the admission of water into the powder, this tube being normally closed by a cap removable by rupture.
  • a cover 24 “serves to seal the enclosure 16", to which it is fixed by means of a rod 46 "with enlarged head 47", identical to the rods 46 (and heads 47) of the figure 4 .
  • One of the walls 35 has a groove 37" similar to the groove 27 of the enclosure 16.
  • the groove 37 is intended to receive the rib 36 of a juxtaposed enclosure 16. The joining of this rib 36 in the groove 37" is ensured by means of keys or bolts that are inserted into holes 49 formed for this purpose in the longitudinal members 26 and 28 forming the groove 37 ".
  • the Figures 9, 9A and 10 show a detail of a kit according to the invention, especially suitable for hard floors such as pavements or concrete supports.
  • the kit of Figures 9 to 10 differs from the kit of Figures 1 to 8 by the absence of the box 10, which is replaced by another specific means of anchoring the enclosure 16 to the ground.
  • This specific anchoring means comprises a metal plate 11 (for example made of aluminum), pierced with holes 13, which is fixed to the ground by means of a series of screws 38 ( Figure 9A ) through the holes 13.
  • the plate 11 is provided with a slide or longitudinal slide 39 in the shape of a dovetail.
  • the lower wall 22 of the enclosure 16 carries a slider 40 ( figure 10 ), designed to fit and slide in the slideway 39.
  • a clamping member serves to immobilize the slide 40 in the slideway 39.
  • This clamping member is shown in FIGS. Figures 17 and 18 . It includes screws 66 ( figure 18 ) that is inserted into threaded holes 67 ( figure 9 ) of the slide 39 to block the slide 40.
  • the lower part of the walls of the enclosure 16 includes withdrawals 67, allowing the insertion of the screws 66.
  • the Figures 13 to 16 show a set of components of the kit, used to integrate a barrier in a concrete wall.
  • the figure 13 shows such a barrier.
  • This comprises a rectangular frame 50 which can serve as a support for a solid panel or slatted (not shown).
  • the frame 50 can be wood, metal or in a plastic material. It is preferably aluminum.
  • the kit comprises two pillars 51 and 52, similar to the end pillar 16 "of the Figures 11 and 12 .
  • the pillar 51. ( figure 14 ) is pierced with two threaded holes 53, sealed by leaktight lids, removable by rupture (at the figure 14 , the covers are merged with the threaded holes 53).
  • the threaded orifices 53 are intended for fixing eyelets 54 provided with threaded rods, designed to be screwed into the threaded holes 53.
  • the covers of the holes 53 are broken when the eyelets 54 are screwed into the threaded holes 53.
  • the frame 50 carries a pair of horizontal bars 55 whose ends 56 are bent at right angles downwards and threaded.
  • the ends 56 of the bars 55 are intended to be engaged in the eyelets 54 to form, with them, hinges for the operation of the barrier.
  • the barrier is retained on its hinges by means of a pair of nuts 57, which are screwed onto the threaded ends 56 of the bars 55.
  • the kit further comprises a closure member of the barrier.
  • a closure member of the barrier for this purpose, it comprises a beam 58 made of aluminum, pierced with a buttonhole 59 ( figure 15 ).
  • the beam is intended to be fixed on the pillar 52, by means of a pair of screws 60 which are respectively screwed into a pair of threaded holes 61 of the pillar 52.
  • the threaded holes 61 of the pillar 52 are normally closed by sealing lids, which are broken when the screws 60 are screwed into the tapped holes 61.
  • a latch 62 ( figure 16 ), intended to be engaged in the buttonhole 59, is fixed to the barrier by means of a conventional assembly by bolt and nut 63 ( Figure 13 ).

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  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
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Description

Domaine de l'inventionField of the invention

L'invention se rapporte à la construction sur site de murs verticaux en béton.The invention relates to the on-site construction of vertical concrete walls.

Etat de la techniqueState of the art

Il est connu de construire sur site des murs verticaux en béton. Dans cette technique connue, on fabrique d'abord un coffrage, dans lequel on coule ensuite un mortier hydraulique. Après prise et durcissement du mortier, on démonte le coffrage. Cette technique est fréquemment appliquée à la construction de palissades et de clôtures de propriétés privées et publiques, ainsi qu'à la construction des murs d'immeubles collectifs, de maisons unifamiliales ou de bâtiments publics ou industriels.It is known to build on site vertical concrete walls. In this known technique, a formwork is first produced, in which a hydraulic mortar is then poured. After setting and hardening the mortar, the formwork is removed. This technique is frequently applied to the construction of palisades and fences of private and public properties, as well as the construction of the walls of multi-family buildings, single-family homes or public or industrial buildings.

Cette méthode de construction de murs en béton est compliquée, nécessitant de multiples opérations : installation d'un coffrage (généralement par assemblage et clouage de panneaux en bois), préparation d'un mortier hydraulique par gâchage à l'eau d'un mélange de ciment et d'un granulat inerte (sable, gravier), déversement du mortier liquide dans le coffrage et, après prise et durcissement du mortier (ce qui peut prendre plusieurs jours), démontage du coffrage. Vu sa complexité, ce procédé connu est exagérément coûteux pour la construction de murs en béton de dimensions réduites, tels que des cloisonnages, des palissades ou des murs servant à séparer ou isoler des jardins ou des parcs publics ou privés. Ce procédé connu présente le désavantage supplémentaire d'être difficilement accessible à des particuliers, notamment dans le cadre de travaux de bricolage.This method of construction of concrete walls is complicated, requiring multiple operations: installation of a formwork (usually by assembly and nailing of wooden panels), preparation of a hydraulic mortar by mixing with water a mixture of cement and an inert granulate (sand, gravel), pouring the liquid mortar into the formwork and, after setting and hardening the mortar (which may take several days), dismantling the formwork. Given its complexity, this known method is excessively expensive for the construction of concrete walls of small dimensions, such as partitions, palisades or walls used to separate or isolate gardens or public or private parks. This known process has the the additional disadvantage of being difficult to access for private individuals, particularly in the context of DIY work.

Le document GB 1 067 671 décrit un procédé et un kit de construction selon le préambule des revendications 1 et 5.The document GB 1,067,671 discloses a method and a construction kit according to the preamble of claims 1 and 5.

Résumé de l'inventionSummary of the invention

L'invention vise à remédier aux désavantages précités du procédé connu défini plus haut.The invention aims to overcome the aforementioned disadvantages of the known method defined above.

L'invention vise plus particulièrement à fournir un procédé pour la construction de murs verticaux en béton, dont la mise en oeuvre soit facile et rapide.The invention aims more particularly to provide a method for the construction of vertical concrete walls, the implementation of which is easy and fast.

L'invention vise notamment à fournir un procédé de ce type, dans lequel le nombre d'étapes à réaliser est réduit.The invention aims in particular to provide a method of this type, in which the number of steps to be performed is reduced.

L'invention vise tout spécialement à fournir un procédé de ce type qui soit à la portée d'un public bricoleur et qui convienne pour la construction de murs légers convenant en tant que palissades pour la clôture de jardins ou de parcs privés et/ou publics.The invention is especially intended to provide a method of this type which is within the reach of a public handyman and suitable for the construction of light walls suitable as palisades for the fence of gardens or private parks and / or public .

L'invention a aussi pour objectif de fournir un kit (notamment un kit de bricolage) pour la construction d'un mur vertical en béton, in situ sur site.The invention also aims to provide a kit (including a DIY kit) for the construction of a vertical concrete wall, in situ on site.

En conséquence, l'invention concerne un procédé pour la construction d'un mur vertical selon la revendication 1 et un kit pour la construction d'un mur vertical selon la revendication 5.Accordingly, the invention relates to a method for constructing a vertical wall according to claim 1 and to a kit for constructing a vertical wall according to claim 5.

Description détaillée de l'inventionDetailed description of the invention

Dans le procédé selon l'invention, l'enceinte constitue le coffrage pour la prise et le durcissement du béton. Elle peut être réalisée en toute matière capable de résister à la pression de la masse de béton pendant la prise et le durcissement de celui-ci. Elle peut par exemple être en métal, en bois ou en verre (liste exemplative, non exhaustive). Des informations complémentaires sur la constitution de l'enceinte seront exposées plus loin.In the process according to the invention, the enclosure constitutes the formwork for setting and hardening the concrete. It can be made of any material capable of withstanding the pressure of the concrete mass during the setting and hardening thereof. It may for example be metal, wood or glass (illustrative list, not exhaustive). Additional information on the constitution of the enclosure will be explained below.

Les dimensions et la forme de l'enceinte ne sont pas critiques pour la définition de l'invention. En pratique, on utilise généralement une enceinte prismatique (de préférence un parallélépipède rectangle) et ses dimensions sont déterminées par la volonté de faciliter sa manutention. On préfère généralement utiliser plusieurs enceintes de dimensions réduites, que l'on assemble alors sur chantier. Des informations plus complètes sur le mode d'assemblage de ces enceintes seront fournies plus loin.The dimensions and shape of the enclosure are not critical for the definition of the invention. In practice, a prismatic enclosure (preferably a rectangular parallelepiped) is generally used and its dimensions are determined by the desire to facilitate its handling. It is generally preferred to use several smaller enclosures, which are then assembled on site. More complete information on how to assemble these speakers will be provided later.

Conformément à l'invention, l'enceinte est hermétique et elle contient une poudre d'un liant hydraulique. Elle est de préférence entièrement remplie de la poudre. Il est indispensable que l'enceinte soit hermétique à l'air, à l'eau et à la vapeur d'eau. L'enceinte est toutefois en communication avec un organe susceptible d'y introduire de l'eau de manière contrôlée, à un moment opportun. Ce moyen doit par conséquent être conçu pour assurer l'herméticité de l'enceinte jusqu'au moment souhaité pour y introduire l'eau. Des informations sur ce moyen seront communiquées plus loin.According to the invention, the enclosure is hermetic and contains a powder of a hydraulic binder. It is preferably completely filled with the powder. It is essential that the enclosure is airtight, with water and with water vapor. The enclosure is however in communication with an organ capable of introducing water in a controlled manner, at a convenient time. This means must therefore be designed to ensure the hermetic integrity of the enclosure until desired moment to introduce the water. Information on this means will be provided below.

Le choix du liant hydraulique n'est pas critique pour la définition de l'invention. On utilise avec avantage un ciment Portland. En plus du liant hydraulique, la poudre contient normalement aussi un granulat inerte, tel que du sable ou des graviers, communément utilisés dans la fabrication des bétons. Il peut aussi contenir des matières de charge communément utilisées dans les mortiers et béton, par exemple un accélérateur de prise, un agent d'expansion ou un colorant. On lui incorpore avantageusement une poudre d'aluminium, dans le but de l'alléger. Il peut être souhaitable de lui incorporer un agent antiagglutinant, dont le rôle consiste à éviter une agglutination ou agglomération intempestive des particules de la poudre pendant la manutention et le stockage de l'enceinte.The choice of the hydraulic binder is not critical for the definition of the invention. Portland cement is advantageously used. In addition to the hydraulic binder, the powder normally also contains an inert granulate, such as sand or gravel, commonly used in the manufacture of concrete. It may also contain fillers commonly used in mortars and concrete, for example a setting accelerator, blowing agent or dye. It is advantageously incorporated an aluminum powder, in order to lighten it. It may be desirable to incorporate an anti-glutinating agent, the role of which is to avoid agglutination or unintentional agglomeration of the particles of the powder during handling and storage of the enclosure.

Le choix de la granulométrie de la poudre va dépendre de divers facteurs, parmi lesquels figurent la nature de ses constituants, sa composition, son volume et la forme de l'enceinte. Elle doit être déterminée dans chaque cas par un homme du métier, éventuellement au moyen de travaux de recherche de routine.The choice of the particle size of the powder will depend on various factors, among which include the nature of its constituents, its composition, its volume and the shape of the enclosure. It must be determined in each case by a person skilled in the art, possibly by means of routine research work.

L'ancrage de l'enceinte sur le sol peut être réalisé par tout moyen connu approprié. Des modes d'ancrage préférés seront exposés plus loin.The anchoring of the enclosure on the ground can be achieved by any appropriate known means. Preferred anchor modes will be discussed later.

Après avoir positionné l'enceinte verticalement sur le sol et l'y avoir ancrée, on y introduit de l'eau. L'eau ainsi introduite se disperse progressivement dans la poudre, provoquant l'hydrolyse du liant hydraulique. La quantité d'eau à ajouter va dépendre de la quantité de liant présente dans l'enceinte et elle peut être déterminée aisément par l'homme du métier. Des détails concernant un mode d'introduction préféré de l'eau dans l'enceinte sera exposé plus loin.After positioning the enclosure vertically on the ground and anchoring it, water is introduced. The water thus introduced gradually disperses in the powder, causing hydrolysis of the hydraulic binder. The amount of water to be added will depend on the amount of binder present in the enclosure and it may be readily determined by those skilled in the art. Details of a preferred method of introducing water into the enclosure will be discussed later.

Dans le procédé selon l'invention, l'enceinte constitue le coffrage servant à la prise et au durcissement du béton. Elle n'est pas démontée après que le béton a pris et durci et elle fait ainsi partie intégrante du mur.In the process according to the invention, the enclosure constitutes the formwork used for setting and hardening the concrete. It is not dismantled after the concrete has set and hardened and is therefore an integral part of the wall.

Dans un mode d'ancrage préféré de l'enceinte au sol, on pose sur le sol un caisson muni d'un socle, on enfonce au moins une barre métallique verticalement dans le sol, à travers un trou calibré du fond du caisson, jusqu'à ce qu'une collerette de la barre métallique recouvre ledit trou et on encastre l'enceinte dans le caisson. Ce mode d'ancrage s'applique spécialement aux sols meubles, par exemple en terre.
La barre métallique peut être en acier. On peut également utiliser une barre en métal léger, par exemple en aluminium. Le choix de l'aluminium présente l'avantage de résister à la corrosion atmosphérique.
Dans le mode d'ancrage conforme à l'invention qui vient d'être décrit, il peut se révéler souhaitable de creuser au préalable une tranchée dans laquelle on dispose le caisson et son socle. Cette tranchée est destinée à faciliter l'ancrage du caisson et de l'enceinte au sol. Bien qu'une seule barre métallique suffise normalement pour l'ancrage du caisson au sol, on recommande généralement d'utiliser plusieurs barres d'ancrage, régulièrement répartie sur la longueur du socle. Le nombre optimum de barres d'ancrage va dépendre de la longueur du socle et peut être déterminé aisément par l'homme du métier.In a preferred anchorage mode of the enclosure on the ground, a box with a base is placed on the ground, at least one metal bar is pushed vertically into the ground, through a calibrated hole in the bottom of the box, until a flange of the metal bar covers said hole and encased the enclosure in the box. This method of anchoring is especially applicable to loose soil, for example earth.
The metal bar may be steel. It is also possible to use a bar made of light metal, for example aluminum. The choice of aluminum has the advantage of resisting atmospheric corrosion.
In the anchoring mode according to the invention which has just been described, it may be desirable to dig beforehand a trench in which the box and its base are disposed. This trench is intended to facilitate the anchoring of the box and the enclosure on the ground. Although a single metal bar is normally sufficient for anchoring the box to the ground, it is generally recommended to use several anchor bars, evenly distributed along the length of the base. The optimum number of anchor bars will depend on the length of the base and can be easily determined by those skilled in the art.

Dans une variante d'exécution avantageuse du mode d'ancrage décrit ci-dessus, la ou chaque barre d'ancrage est prolongée au-dessus de sa collerette ; par ailleurs, la face inférieure de l'enceinte est percée d'une ouverture dans laquelle la barre d'ancrage s'engage lorsque l'on encastre ladite enceinte dans le caisson. Dans cette variante de l'invention, la barre d'ancrage se retrouve noyée dans la poudre contenue dans l'enceinte, où elle est destinée à servir d'armature de renforcement du béton. Dans cette variante d'exécution du procédé, l'ouverture susdite dans la face inférieure de l'enceinte est normalement obturée par un opercule amovible, ledit opercule étant enlevé au moment de l'introduction de la barre. L'opercule est de préférence amovible par rupture, de sorte qu'il soit rompu (par exemple déchiré) au contact de la barre. Cet opercule a pour fonction d'empêcher une entrée d'air, d'humidité ou d'eau dans la poudre de l'enceinte pendant la manutention et le stockage de l'enceinte.In an advantageous embodiment of the anchoring mode described above, the or each anchor bar is extended above its collar; moreover, the lower face of the enclosure is pierced with an opening in which the anchor bar engages when said enclosure is embedded in the box. In this variant of the invention, the anchor bar is found embedded in the powder contained in the enclosure, where it is intended to serve as reinforcing reinforcement of the concrete. In this alternative embodiment of the method, the aforesaid opening in the lower face of the enclosure is normally closed by a removable cap, said cap being removed at the time of introduction of the bar. The lid is preferably removable by rupture, so that it is broken (for example torn) in contact with the bar. This cap has the function of preventing an entry of air, moisture or water into the powder of the enclosure during handling and storage of the enclosure.

Une autre variante du mode d'ancrage préféré décrit plus haut vise à faciliter le positionnement du caisson sur le sol. A cet effet, avant de poser le caisson sur le sol (ou dans la tranchée, le cas échéant), on enfonce deux poteaux provisoires dans le sol, on tend un cordeau entre les poteaux et on pose le caisson sur le sol en prenant soin que le cordeau s'insère dans une rainure ménagée dans le socle du caisson.Another variant of the preferred anchor mode described above is to facilitate the positioning of the box on the ground. For this purpose, before placing the box on the ground (or in the trench, if necessary), we push two temporary posts in the ground, we stretch a line between the posts and we put the box on the ground taking care that the cord is inserted into a groove in the base of the box.

Dans une forme de réalisation particulière du procédé selon l'invention, après avoir ancré l'enceinte au sol et y avoir versé l'eau, on pose un couvercle hermétique sur la face supérieure de l'enceinte. Dans cette forme de réalisation du procédé, la face supérieure de l'enceinte et le couvercle sont percés respectivement de deux trous calibrés qui se trouvent vis-à-vis l'un de l'autre lorsque le couvercle est posé sur l'enceinte. Pour fixer le couvercle à l'enceinte, on utilise une tige métallique pourvue d'une tête circulaire et on engage cette tige verticalement à travers la paire de trous précités et l'enfonce dans l'enceinte jusqu'à ce que sa tête vienne buter à la périphérie dudit trou du couvercle. Dans cette forme de réalisation de l'invention, la tige doit être mise en place après avoir versé l'eau dans la poudre de l'enceinte, mais avant que le béton ait fait prise. Après durcissement du béton, la tige métallique va servir d'armature métallique de renforcement du béton.
Dans la forme de réalisation particulière qui vient d'être décrite, on a utilisé une seule tige métallique. Il est bien évident que l'on peut utiliser un plus grand nombre de tiges métalliques, répartie sur la superficie du couvercle. Le cas échéant, à chaque tige métallique correspond une paire de trous forés respectivement dans le couvercle et dans la face supérieure de l'enceinte. Le nombre optimum de tiges métallique et leur répartition à la surface du couvercle vont dépendre des dimensions du couvercle. Ils peuvent être déterminés aisément par l'homme du métier.
Le couvercle peut, avec avantage, être muni de diodes électroluminescentes alimentées par une source de courant électrique. La source de courant électrique peut être une connexion ordinaire au réseau de distribution, une pile autonome ou une batterie rechargeable. On préfère, selon l'invention, mettre en oeuvre un ou plusieurs panneaux de cellules photovoltaïques.In a particular embodiment of the method according to the invention, after having anchored the enclosure to the ground and poured in the water, a hermetic cover is placed on the upper face of the enclosure. In this embodiment of the method, the upper face the enclosure and the lid are respectively drilled with two calibrated holes which are opposite one another when the lid is placed on the enclosure. To fix the lid to the enclosure, using a metal rod provided with a circular head and the rod is engaged vertically through the pair of aforementioned holes and pushes in the enclosure until its head comes abut at the periphery of said lid hole. In this embodiment of the invention, the rod must be put in place after pouring water into the powder of the enclosure, but before the concrete has set. After curing the concrete, the metal rod will serve as reinforcement steel reinforcing concrete.
In the particular embodiment just described, a single metal rod was used. It is obvious that one can use a larger number of metal rods, distributed on the surface of the lid. Where appropriate, each metal rod corresponds to a pair of holes respectively drilled in the lid and in the upper face of the enclosure. The optimum number of metal rods and their distribution on the surface of the lid will depend on the dimensions of the lid. They can be determined easily by those skilled in the art.
The cover may advantageously be provided with light-emitting diodes powered by a source of electric current. The power source may be an ordinary distribution system connection, a stand-alone battery, or a rechargeable battery. According to the invention, it is preferred to use one or more panels of photovoltaic cells.

Comme il a été exposé plus haut, il peut se révéler nécessaire de disposer plusieurs enceintes côte à côte pour réaliser un mur de grande longueur. A cet effet, pour solidariser deux enceintes juxtaposées, on prévoit une nervure verticale sur une face latérale d'une des enceintes, que l'on insère dans une gorge verticale correspondante de la face latérale contiguë de l'autre enceinte. La fixation de la nervure dans la gorge peut être réalisée par tout moyen adéquat, par exemple au moyen de chevilles métalliques, de vis, de boulons ou encore par un assemblage en queue d'aronde.As discussed above, it may be necessary to have several speakers side by side to make a wall of great length. For this purpose, to secure two juxtaposed enclosures, there is provided a vertical rib on a side face of one of the enclosures, which is inserted into a corresponding vertical groove of the contiguous side face of the other enclosure. Fixing the rib in the groove can be achieved by any suitable means, for example by means of metal dowels, screws, bolts or by a dovetail assembly.

Le procédé selon l'invention s'applique à la construction de tous types de murs verticaux, tels que des murs extérieurs ou des cloisons intérieures de bâtiments industriels ou de bâtiments résidentiels. Il est spécialement adapté à la construction de clôture ou de palissades autour de propriétés immobilières telles que des jardins ou des parcs publics ou privés.The method according to the invention is applicable to the construction of all types of vertical walls, such as external walls or interior partitions of industrial buildings or residential buildings. It is especially suitable for the construction of fencing or palisades around real estate properties such as gardens or public or private parks.

Le procédé selon l'invention est bien adapté à un usage par des particuliers, ne nécessitant pas un outillage coûteux et d'emploi difficile, ni une main d'oeuvre qualifiée.The method according to the invention is well suited for use by individuals, not requiring expensive tools and difficult use, or a skilled workforce.

L'invention concerne dès lors également un kit pour la construction d'un mur vertical en béton selon la revendication 5.The invention therefore also relates to a kit for the construction of a vertical concrete wall according to claim 5.

L'enceinte du kit selon l'invention a été définie plus haut. Sa forme et ses dimensions vont dépendre de la forme et des dimensions du mur à ériger. Elles sont en outre dictées par la nécessité d'assurer une diffusion régulière, rapide et homogène de l'eau dans la poudre de liant hydraulique, comme il a été exposé plus haut. En pratique, l'enceinte est généralement de forme prismatique. Les prismes rectangulaires droits sont préférés, spécialement les parallélépipèdes rectangles.The enclosure of the kit according to the invention has been defined above. Its shape and dimensions will depend on the shape and dimensions of the wall to erect. They are also dictated by the need to ensure a regular, rapid and homogeneous distribution of water in the hydraulic binder powder, as has been explained above. In practice, the enclosure is generally prismatic. Right rectangular prisms are preferred, especially rectangular parallelepipeds.

L'enceinte peut être réalisée en toutes matières capables de résister à la pression de la masse de béton pendant la prise et le durcissement de celui-ci. Comme il a été dit plus haut, elle peut par exemple être en métal, en bois ou en verre (liste exemplative, non exhaustive). Pour des raisons économiques, on préfère réaliser l'enceinte en matière plastique. L'utilisation d'une matière plastique présente l'avantage supplémentaire de faciliter sa fabrication (par moulage ou par extrusion) et de réduire son poids.The enclosure can be made of any material capable of withstanding the pressure of the concrete mass during setting and hardening thereof. As has been said above, it may for example be metal, wood or glass (illustrative list, not exhaustive). For economic reasons, it is preferred to make the plastic enclosure. The use of a plastic material has the additional advantage of facilitating its manufacture (by molding or extrusion) and reducing its weight.

En conséquence, dans une forme de réalisation particulière du kit selon l'invention, les parois de l'enceinte sont en polymère ou copolymère de synthèse. Des exemples de polymères et de copolymères utilisables dans la fabrication de l'enceinte comprennent le polychlorure de vinyle, le polychlorure de vinylidène, les polyoléfines (notamment les polymères et copolymères de l'éthylène, du propylène et du butylène), le polycarbonate, les polymères et copolymères fluorés tels que le polytétrafluoroéthylène (liste exemplative, non exhaustive). Le (co)polymère contient avantageusement une matière de charge, dans le but de renforcer ses propriétés mécaniques ou de lui conférer un aspect ou une couleur déterminée. Des exemples de matières de charge comprennent des copeaux de bois, de carton ou de métal, de la sciure de bois, des particules de liège ou de caoutchouc, des emballage recyclés, réduits à l'état de poudre ou de granules, notamment du papier, du carton, des canettes et des berlingots [notamment ceux connus sous les marques Tétra Pak® et Tétra Brik® (Tétra Laval) et utilisés pour le conditionnement de boissons]. L'enceinte, qui est généralement de forme prismatique, peut avantageusement être obtenue par assemblage de panneaux préfabriqués.Consequently, in a particular embodiment of the kit according to the invention, the walls of the enclosure are made of polymer or synthetic copolymer. Examples of polymers and copolymers that can be used in the manufacture of the enclosure include polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyolefins (especially polymers and copolymers of ethylene, propylene and butylene), polycarbonate, fluorinated polymers and copolymers such as polytetrafluoroethylene (illustrative list, not exhaustive). The (co) polymer advantageously contains a filler, in order to enhance its mechanical properties or to give it an appearance or a determined color. Examples of fillers include chips of wood, cardboard or metal, sawdust, cork or rubber particles, recycled packaging, reduced to powder or granular form, especially paper , cardboard, cans and cartons [in particular those known under the trade names Tétra Pak ® and Tétra Brik ® (Tétra Laval) and used for the packaging of beverages]. The enclosure, which is generally of prismatic shape, can advantageously be obtained by assembling prefabricated panels.

Les parois de l'enceinte peuvent avantageusement contenir des éléments décoratifs.The walls of the enclosure may advantageously contain decorative elements.

Dans une forme de réalisation préférée du kit selon l'invention, l'enceinte est à doubles parois, comprenant deux plaques disposées face à face et reliées par des entretoises. Cette forme de réalisation de l'invention est spécialement adaptée aux enceintes en (co)polymère de synthèse. Elle associe les avantages d'une structure légère et d'une rigidité améliorée. La forme des entretoises n'est pas critique pour la définition de l'invention. Elles peuvent avantageusement comprendre des plots intercalaires soudés ou collés aux deux plaques. Le nombre d'entretoises va conditionner la solidité et la rigidité des doubles parois. Il doit être déterminé dans chaque cas particulier par l'homme du métier, en fonction de divers paramètres parmi lesquels figurent notamment les dimensions de l'enceinte, spécialement sa hauteur et son épaisseur, la structure des doubles parois, leur épaisseur et la matière qui les constitue, la forme et les dimensions des entretoises. Dans cette forme de réalisation particulière de l'invention, les plaques formant les doubles parois peuvent avantageusement être du type multicouches, associant au moins deux (de préférence au moins trois) couches ou films superposés.In a preferred embodiment of the kit according to the invention, the enclosure is double-walled, comprising two plates arranged face to face and connected by spacers. This embodiment of the invention is especially suitable for pregnant synthetic (co) polymer. It combines the advantages of a lightweight structure and improved rigidity. The shape of the spacers is not critical for the definition of the invention. They may advantageously include interposed pads welded or glued to the two plates. The number of spacers will determine the strength and rigidity of the double walls. It must be determined in each particular case by those skilled in the art, according to various parameters among which include in particular the dimensions of the enclosure, especially its height and thickness, the structure of the double walls, their thickness and the material which constitutes them, the shape and the dimensions of the spacers. In this particular embodiment of the invention, the plates forming the double walls may advantageously be of the multilayer type, associating at least two (preferably at least three) superimposed layers or films.

Dans le kit selon l'invention, l'enceinte contient une poudre d'un liant hydraulique. Celle-ci remplit de préférence la totalité de l'enceinte. Des informations complémentaires concernant la poudre ont été communiquées plus haut, en référence au procédé selon l'invention.In the kit according to the invention, the enclosure contains a powder of a hydraulic binder. This one preferably fills the whole of the enclosure. Additional information relating to the powder has been communicated above, with reference to the process according to the invention.

Comme il a déjà été exposé plus haut, l'enceinte est hermétique à l'air, à l'eau et à la vapeur d'eau. L'enceinte est toutefois en communication avec un moyen susceptible d'y introduire de l'eau de manière contrôlée, à un moment opportun. Ce moyen d'admission doit par conséquent être conçu pour assurer l'herméticité de l'enceinte jusqu'au moment souhaité pour y introduire l'eau. A cet effet, dans le kit selon l'invention, le moyen pour l'admission d'eau dans la poudre de l'enceinte comprend au moins un tube ajouré qui est logé dans la poudre, qui s'étend sur toute la hauteur de l'enceinte et débouche à travers la face supérieure de l'enceinte et qui est obturé par un opercule amovible. Dans la suite du présent mémoire, les vocables « supérieur », « inférieur », « vertical » et « horizontal », lorsqu'ils concernent l'enceinte, sont définis lorsque ladite enceinte occupe sa position verticale normale sur le sol. Dans le kit selon l'invention, l'opercule doit assurer une obturation hermétique de l'enceinte. Cet opercule est amovible, pour permettre d'introduire de l'eau dans la poudre au moment opportun pendant la construction du mur. Tout moyen approprié peut être utilisé pour rendre l'opercule amovible, par exemple une soupape ou un robinet. On préfère, selon l'invention, mettre en oeuvre un opercule susceptible d'être rompu par pression mécanique. Il peut s'agir d'une membrane susceptible d'être déchirée ou découpée.As already explained above, the enclosure is hermetic to air, water and steam. The enclosure is however in communication with a means capable of introducing water in a controlled manner, at a convenient time. This admission means must therefore be designed to ensure the hermeticity of the enclosure until the desired time to introduce the water. For this purpose, in the kit according to the invention, the means for admitting water into the powder of the enclosure comprises at least one perforated tube which is housed in the powder, which extends over the entire height of the the enclosure and opens through the upper face of the enclosure and which is closed by a removable cap. In the remainder of this memo, the terms "superior", "lower", "vertical" and "horizontal", when they concern the enclosure, are defined when said enclosure occupies its normal vertical position on the ground. In the kit according to the invention, the cap must ensure a hermetic sealing of the enclosure. This lid is removable, to allow to introduce water into the powder at the appropriate time during the construction of the wall. Any suitable means can be used to make the cap removable, for example a valve or a tap. According to the invention, it is preferred to use a cap that can be broken by mechanical pressure. It may be a membrane likely to be torn or cut.

Dans le kit selon l'invention, le moyen de fixation de l'enceinte au sol va dépendre du sol sur lequel le mur doit être construit.In the kit according to the invention, the means of fixing the enclosure to the ground will depend on the floor on which the wall is to be built.

A cet effet, dans un kit pour la construction d'un mur sur un sol meuble (par exemple une surface de terre ou de sable, une prairie ou une pelouse), un moyen de fixation approprié comprend

  • d'une part, un caisson rectangulaire qui est dimensionné pour y encastrer l'enceinte et
  • d'autre part, au moins une barre métallique destinée à être enfoncée verticalement dans le sol, à travers un trou calibré du fond du caisson, ladite barre métallique comprenant une collerette dont la dimension est supérieure à celle du trou calibré.
Dans une variante de ce kit selon l'invention, une face inférieure de l'enceinte est percée d'au moins une ouverture normalement obturée par un opercule amovible, ladite ouverture étant positionnée de telle sorte qu'elle se trouve vis-à-vis du trou précité du fond du caisson lorsque l'enceinte est encastrée dans ledit caisson. Dans cette variante de l'invention, la barre métallique précitée se prolonge de part et d'autre de sa collerette, de telle sorte qu'au moment d'encastrer l'enceinte dans le caisson, elle s'engage dans l'ouverture susdite dont elle brise l'opercule.
Dans une autre variante du kit décrit plus haut, celui-ci comprend en outre deux poteaux et un cordeau et le caisson comprend un socle qui présente une rainure longitudinale pour le passage du cordeau. Les fonctions respectives des deux poteaux, du cordeau et de la rainure du socle ont été exposées plus haut, en référence au procédé selon l'invention.For this purpose, in a kit for the construction of a wall on soft ground (for example a surface of earth or sand, a meadow or a lawn), a suitable means of fixation includes
  • on the one hand, a rectangular box that is sized to fit the enclosure and
  • on the other hand, at least one metal bar intended to be driven vertically into the ground, through a calibrated hole in the bottom of the box, said metal bar comprising a flange whose dimension is greater than that of the calibrated hole.
In a variant of this kit according to the invention, a lower face of the enclosure is pierced with at least one opening normally closed by a removable cap, said opening being positioned so that it is opposite of the aforementioned hole of the bottom of the box when the enclosure is embedded in said box. In this variant of the invention, the above-mentioned metal bar extends on either side of its flange, so that at the time of embedding the enclosure in the box, it engages in the aforementioned opening of which it breaks the operculum.
In another variant of the kit described above, it further comprises two poles and a cord and the box comprises a base which has a longitudinal groove for the passage of the cord. The respective functions of the two poles, the cord and the groove of the base have been described above, with reference to the method according to the invention.

Dans un kit conforme à l'invention, spécialement destiné a la construction d'un mur sur une surface dure telle qu'un dallage ou un sol en béton par exemple, le moyen de fixation de l'enceinte au sol comprend une plaque, un organe d'ancrage de la plaque au sol et un moyen d'accrochage de l'enceinte à la plaque. Dans ce kit conforme à l'invention, la plaque est normalement une plaque en métal, généralement en acier ou en aluminium et l'organe d'ancrage comprend une série de vis que l'on visse dans des chevilles insérées dans des trous forés dans le sol. Pour accrocher l'enceinte à la plaque, ladite enceinte peut avantageusement comprendre un coulisseau conçu pour être engagé dans une coulisse correspondante de la plaque. [Dans cette forme de réalisation du kit, les positions respectives du coulisseau et de la coulisse peuvent évidemment être inversées, le coulisseau étant fixé à la plaque et la coulisse se trouvant sur l'enceinte].In a kit according to the invention, especially intended for the construction of a wall on a hard surface such as a tessellation or a concrete floor for example, the means for fixing the enclosure to the ground comprises a plate, a anchoring member of the plate on the ground and means for hooking the enclosure to the plate. In this kit according to the invention, the plate is normally a metal plate, usually steel or aluminum and the anchor comprises a series of screws that are screwed into pins inserted into holes drilled in floor. To hook the enclosure to the plate, said enclosure may advantageously comprise a slide adapted to be engaged in a corresponding slide of the plate. [In this embodiment of the kit, the respective positions of the slide and the slide can obviously be reversed, the slide being fixed to the plate and the slide on the enclosure].

Dans une forme de réalisation particulière du kit selon l'invention, celui-ci comprend un couvercle et un moyen de fixation hermétique du couvercle sur la face supérieure de l'enceinte. Pour assurer une fixation appropriée du couvercle à l'enceinte, le couvercle est percé d'un trou calibré et la face supérieure de l'enceinte est percée d'un trou calibré, obturé par un opercule amovible par rupture. Le moyen de fixation du couvercle sur la face supérieure de l'enceinte comprend une tige métallique qui est pourvue d'une tête dont la superficie est supérieure à celle du trou du couvercle et qui est conçue pour être engagée à travers le trou du couvercle, le trou de la face supérieure de l'enceinte (après rupture de son opercule) et pénétrer dans la poudre de l'enceinte.
Bien qu'en théorie, une seule tige soit suffisante pour fixer le couvercle à l'enceinte, il est souhaitable que le kit comprenne plusieurs tiges, que le couvercle soit percé d'un nombre équivalent de trous calibrés et que la face supérieure de l'enceinte soient percée d'un nombre équivalent de trous obturés chacun par un opercule amovible par rupture.In a particular embodiment of the kit according to the invention, it comprises a cover and a hermetic sealing means of the cover on the upper face of the enclosure. To ensure proper attachment of the lid to the enclosure, the lid is pierced with a calibrated hole and the upper face of the enclosure is pierced with a calibrated hole, closed by a removable cap by rupture. The lid attachment means on the upper face of the enclosure comprises a metal rod which is provided with a head whose area is greater than that of the hole of the lid and which is designed to be engaged through the hole of the lid, the hole in the upper face of the enclosure (after rupture of its lid) and penetrate into the powder of the enclosure.
Although in theory, only one rod is sufficient to attach the lid to the enclosure, it is desirable that the kit comprises several rods, that the lid is pierced with an equivalent number of calibrated holes and that the upper face of the enclosure are pierced with an equivalent number of holes each closed by a cap removable by rupture.

Le kit selon l'invention convient pour la construction de tous murs en béton. Il est spécialement adapté à la construction de murs de dimensions réduites, spécialement aux murs de faible hauteur et de faible épaisseur, tels que des palissades ou des clôtures.The kit according to the invention is suitable for the construction of all concrete walls. It is especially suitable for the construction of small-sized walls, especially for low-rise and shallow walls, such as palisades or fences.

Le kit selon l'invention est avantageusement un kit de bricolage.The kit according to the invention is advantageously a DIY kit.

Brève description des figuresBrief description of the figures

Des particularités et détails de l'invention vont apparaître au cours de la description suivante des figures annexées, qui représentent quelques formes de réalisation particulières de l'invention.

  • Les figures 1 à 4 montrent respectivement quatre constituants d'un kit de bricolage conforme à l'invention ;
  • La figure 5 est une vue en plan, par en dessous, de la figure 2 ;
  • La figure 6 est une coupe selon le plan VI-VI de la figure 3 ;
  • La figure 7 montre un constituant supplémentaire du kit des figures 1 à 6 ;
  • La figure 8 est une coupe selon le plan VIII-VIII de la figure 7 ;
  • Les figures 9 et 10 montrent une variante de réalisation du kit des figures 1 à 8 ;
  • La figure 11 montre un constituant supplémentaire du kit des figures 1 à 6 ;
  • La figure 12 est une coupe selon le plan XII-XII de la figure 11 ;
  • Les figures 13 à 16 montrent, en perspective, un autre constituant du kit des figures 1 à 6 ; et
  • La figure 17 montre un détail du constituant des figures 9 et 10, vu en élévation dans le sens de la flèche X de la figure 10 ;
  • La figure 18 est une coupe selon le plan XVIII-XVIII de la figure 17.
  • Les figures ne sont pas dessinées à l'échelle.
Features and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description of the accompanying figures, which show some particular embodiments of the invention.
  • The Figures 1 to 4 respectively show four components of a DIY kit according to the invention;
  • The figure 5 is a plan view, from below, of the figure 2 ;
  • The figure 6 is a section according to plane VI-VI of the figure 3 ;
  • The figure 7 shows an additional constituent of the kit of Figures 1 to 6 ;
  • The figure 8 is a section according to plan VIII-VIII of the figure 7 ;
  • The Figures 9 and 10 show an alternative embodiment of the kit of Figures 1 to 8 ;
  • The figure 11 shows an additional constituent of the kit of Figures 1 to 6 ;
  • The figure 12 is a section according to plan XII-XII of the figure 11 ;
  • The Figures 13 to 16 show, in perspective, another constituent of the kit of Figures 1 to 6 ; and
  • The figure 17 shows a detail of the constituent of Figures 9 and 10 , seen in elevation in the direction of arrow X of the figure 10 ;
  • The figure 18 is a section according to plan XVIII-XVIII of the figure 17 .
  • The figures are not drawn to scale.

Généralement, les mêmes numéros de référence désignent les mêmes éléments.Generally, the same reference numbers designate the same elements.

Description détaillée de modes de réalisation particuliersDetailed description of particular embodiments

Le kit représenté aux figures 1 à 8 est conforme à l'invention. Il comprend (figure 1) deux poteaux en acier 1 et 2, comprenant une collerette 3 entre une tête élargie 4 et une extrémité effilée 5. Au-dessus de la collerette 3, les poteaux 1 et 2 sont percés d'une ouverture 6.The kit shown in Figures 1 to 8 is according to the invention. He understands ( figure 1 ) two steel posts 1 and 2, comprising a flange 3 between an enlarged head 4 and a tapered end 5. Above the flange 3, the posts 1 and 2 are pierced with an opening 6.

Le kit comprend en outre un boîtier 7 contenant un cordeau. Le boîtier 7 et le poteau 1 comprennent des moyens 8 et 9 pour fixer temporairement le boîtier 7 au poteau 1. Les moyens 8 et 9 sont classiques et comprennent avantageusement un coulisseau 8 en forme de I que l'on insère dans une coulisse correspondante 9. La fonction des poteaux 1 et 2 et du boîtier 7 sera explicitée plus loin.The kit further comprises a housing 7 containing a cord. The housing 7 and the post 1 comprise means 8 and 9 for temporarily fixing the housing 7 to the post 1. The means 8 and 9 are conventional and advantageously comprise a slider 8 in the form of I which is inserted in a corresponding slider 9 The function of the posts 1 and 2 and the housing 7 will be explained later.

Le kit comprend en outre un caisson rectangulaire 10 pourvu d'un socle 11 (figures 2, 2A et 5) et des barres métalliques 14. Le socle 11 est formé de deux poutrelles délimitant entre-elles une rainure longitudinale axiale 12. Le caisson 10 et son socle 11 peuvent être réalisés en une même matière ou en des matières différentes, par exemple en bois, en métal ou en une matière (co)polymérique. On préfère que le caisson 10 et son socle 11 soient réalisés en une même matière, idéalement en une matière (co)polymérique. On utilise avantageusement des plaques feuilletées du type multicouches, comme il a été exposé plus haut. Le fond du caisson 10 est percé à intervalles réguliers, de trois trous 13 débouchant dans la rainure 12 (figure 5) .
Le kit comprend généralement trois barres 14. Le diamètre des barres 14 est choisi pour qu'elles puissent passer à travers les trous 13. Elles comprennent, entre leurs extrémités, une collerette 15 dont le diamètre est supérieur à celui des trous 13. Les barres 14 sont en acier ou, de préférence, en aluminium.
Les fonctions respectives du caisson 10 et des barres 14 seront explicitées plus loin.The kit further comprises a rectangular box 10 provided with a base 11 ( Figures 2, 2A and 5 ) and metal bars 14. The base 11 is formed of two beams delimiting between them an axial longitudinal groove 12. The box 10 and its base 11 may be made of the same material or different materials, for example wood, metal or a (co) polymeric material. It is preferred that the box 10 and its base 11 are made of the same material, ideally a (co) polymeric material. Advantageously, laminated sheets of the multilayer type are used, as was explained above. The bottom of the box 10 is pierced at regular intervals, with three holes 13 opening into the groove 12 ( figure 5 ).
The kit generally comprises three bars 14. The diameter of the bars 14 is chosen so that they can pass through the holes 13. They comprise, between their ends, a flange 15 whose diameter is greater than that of the holes 13. The bars 14 are made of steel or, preferably, aluminum.
The respective functions of the caisson 10 and the bars 14 will be explained later.

Le kit comprend également une enceinte en forme de parallélépipède rectangle 16 (figures 3 et 6), formée de deux parois longitudinales 17, de deux parois latérales 18 et d'une paroi inférieure 22 et d'une paroi supérieure 41. Les parois 17, 18, 22 et 41 sont des doubles parois, comprenant, deux plaques 19 et 20 disposées face à face et reliées par des plots 21. Les plaques 19 et 20 sont des plaques feuilletées du type multicouches, comme il a été exposé plus haut.
La paroi inférieure 22 de l'enceinte 16 est percée de trois ouvertures 23. Les ouvertures 23 sont obturées par des opercules 42 (figure 3) amovibles par rupture.The kit also includes a rectangular parallelepiped shaped speaker 16 ( Figures 3 and 6 ), formed of two longitudinal walls 17, two side walls 18 and a bottom wall 22 and an upper wall 41. The walls 17, 18, 22 and 41 are double walls, comprising two plates 19 and 20 arranged face to face and connected by pads 21. The plates 19 and 20 are laminated sheets of the multilayer type, as has been explained above.
The lower wall 22 of the enclosure 16 is pierced with three openings 23. The openings 23 are closed by lids 42 ( figure 3 ) removable by rupture.

L'enceinte 16 est entièrement remplie d'une poudre calibrée 64 d'un mortier hydraulique. La poudre contient avantageusement une charge légère, destinée à en réduire le poids. Cette charge légère peut avantageusement comprendre des particules d'aluminium. L'enceinte est hermétique à l'air et à la vapeur d'eau.The enclosure 16 is completely filled with a calibrated powder 64 of a hydraulic mortar. The powder advantageously contains a light load, intended to reduce the weight. This light load may advantageously comprise aluminum particles. The enclosure is hermetic to air and water vapor.

L'enceinte 16 est destiné à être positionnée verticalement, de telle sorte que ses parois 17 et 18 soient verticales et ses parois 22 et 41 soient horizontales. Elle contient des tubes ajourés 25 qui s'étendent sur la totalité de sa hauteur. Bien que deux tubes 25 soient représentés aux figures 3 et 6, il est souhaitable que l'enceinte comprenne un nombre supérieur de tubes ajourés verticaux 25, répartis de manière homogène dans l'enceinte. Les tubes 25 traversent de manière hermétique la face supérieure 41 de l'enceinte et ils sont obturés par un opercule 48, amovible par rupture.The enclosure 16 is intended to be positioned vertically, so that its walls 17 and 18 are vertical and its walls 22 and 41 are horizontal. It contains perforated tubes 25 which extend over its entire height. Although two tubes 25 are shown in Figures 3 and 6 , it is desirable that the enclosure comprises a greater number of vertical perforated tubes 25, homogeneously distributed in the enclosure. The tubes 25 hermetically cross the upper face 41 of the enclosure and they are closed by a cover 48, removable by rupture.

Sur une de ses parois latérales 18, l'enceinte est munie d'une nervure verticale 26 et sur l'autre paroi latérale 18, elle porte une gorge verticale 27. La nervure 26 est constituée d'un longeron de section transversale rectangulaire et la gorge 27 est formée entre une paire de longerons similaires 28.On one of its side walls 18, the enclosure is provided with a vertical rib 26 and on the other side wall 18, it carries a vertical groove 27. The rib 26 consists of a spar of rectangular cross section and the groove 27 is formed between a pair of similar spars 28.

Le kit comprend en outre un couvercle amovible 24 (figure 4) et trois tiges métalliques 46 pourvues d'une tête élargie 47. Le couvercle 24 est percé de trois trous 43 et la face supérieure 41 de l'enceinte 16 est percée de trois trous 44, normalement obturés par des opercules 45 amovibles par rupture (à la figure 3, les opercules 45 sont confondus avec les ouvertures 44). Les fonctions respectives des barres 46, des trous 43 et des ouvertures 44 seront explicitées plus loin.
Le couvercle 24 comprend un chapelet de diodes électroluminescentes 29 et des panneaux photovoltaïques 30 reliés aux diodes 29 par l'intermédiaire d'un commutateur 31.The kit further comprises a removable cover 24 ( figure 4 ) and three metal rods 46 provided with an enlarged head 47. The lid 24 is pierced with three holes 43 and the upper face 41 of the chamber 16 is pierced with three holes 44, normally closed by caps 45 removable by rupture ( to the figure 3 , the covers 45 are confused with the openings 44). The respective functions of the bars 46, the holes 43 and the openings 44 will be explained later.
The cover 24 comprises a string of light-emitting diodes 29 and photovoltaic panels 30 connected to the diodes 29 via a switch 31.

Pour construire un mur sur un sol meuble au moyen du kit (par exemple une palissade ou un mur de clôture le long d'un chemin ou à la périphérie d'un jardin ou encore à travers une prairie ou une pelouse), on commence par creuser une tranchée rectiligne à l'emplacement prévu pour le mur et on y enfonce les deux poteaux 1 et 2 (figure 1), jusqu'à ce que les collerettes 3 affleurent le sol au fond de la tranchée. On attache le boîtier 7 au poteau 1 par l'intermédiaire des moyens de fixation 8 et 9, puis on tire le cordeau 32 du boîtier 7, à travers les ouvertures 6 des poteaux 1 et 2, on le tend entre ces deux poteaux et on l'y fixe en l'enroulant autour d'un papillon 65 soudé autour de l'ouverture 6. Pour faciliter la tension du cordeau 32, celui-ci, dans le boîtier 7, peut être enroulé sur un enrouleur à ressort (non représenté).To build a wall on soft ground using the kit (eg a fence or fence wall along a path or on the edge of a garden or through a meadow or lawn), we start with dig a straight trench in the intended location for the wall and insert both posts 1 and 2 ( figure 1 ), until the flanges 3 are flush with the ground at the bottom of the trench. The casing 7 is fastened to the post 1 by means of the fastening means 8 and 9, and then the cord 32 is drawn from the casing 7, through the openings 6 of the posts 1 and 2, it is stretched between these two posts and fixed there by wrapping around a butterfly 65 welded around the opening 6. To facilitate the tension of the cord 32, it, in the housing 7, can be wound on a spring winder (not shown).

On pose ensuite le caisson 10 (figures 2) dans la tranchée, entre les poteaux 1 et 2, de telle sorte que le cordeau 32 s'encastre dans la rainure 12 du socle 11. On introduit les barres métalliques 14 (figure 2A) dans les trous 13 du caisson 10 (comme visible à la figure 2) et, au moyen d'un maillet, on les enfonce verticalement dans le sol jusqu'à ce que leur collerette 15 vienne s'appliquer sur le trou 13, ce qui a pour résultat d'ancrer fermement le caisson 10 dans la tranchée. La partie supérieure des barres 14, au-dessus de la collerette 15, s'étend verticalement dans le caisson 10 et au-dessus de celui-ci. Comme on le verra plus loin, elles vont servir d'armatures au mur en béton.We then put the box 10 ( figures 2 ) in the trench, between the posts 1 and 2, so that the cord 32 fits into the groove 12 of the base 11. The metal bars 14 are inserted ( Figure 2A ) in the holes 13 of the box 10 (as visible in FIG. figure 2 ) and, by means of a mallet, is pressed vertically into the ground until their flange 15 comes to apply to the hole 13, which results in firmly anchoring the box 10 in the trench. The upper part of the bars 14, above the flange 15, extends vertically in the box 10 and above it. As we will see later, they will serve as reinforcements to the concrete wall.

Après avoir bien ancré le caisson 10 dans la tranchée au moyen des barres 14, on introduit l'enceinte 16 (figures 3 et 6) dans le caisson 10, en prenant soin d'enchâsser les barres 14 dans les ouvertures 23 de la paroi inférieure 22, les opercules 42 étant automatiquement rompus par les barres 14. Celles-ci s'étendent ainsi verticalement dans la poudre 64 de l'enceinte 16.After having anchored the caisson 10 in the trench by means of the bars 14, the chamber 16 is introduced ( Figures 3 and 6 ) in the box 10, taking care to encase the bars 14 in the openings 23 of the bottom wall 22, the caps 42 being automatically broken by the bars 14. These thus extend vertically in the powder 64 of the enclosure 16.

On brise ensuite l'opercule 48 des tubes ajourés 25 et on y verse une quantité appropriée d'eau pour convertir la poudre 64 en une masse homogène de mortier. Immédiatement après avoir versé l'eau dans l'enceinte 16, on pose le couvercle 24 (figure 4) sur la paroi supérieure 41 de l'enceinte 16 en prenant soin que ses trous 43 soient vis-à-vis des trous 44 de la face supérieure 41 de l'enceinte 16. On introduit ensuite les tiges métalliques 46 dans les trous 43 et 44, brisant les opercules 45. On enfonce les tiges 46 dans la masse de mortier, jusqu'à ce que leurs têtes respectives 47 viennent s'appliquer à la périphérie des trous 43. De cette manière, le couvercle 16 est fermement fixé sur la face supérieure 41 de l'enceinte 16.The seal 48 of the perforated tubes 25 is then broken and an appropriate quantity of water is poured in order to convert the powder 64 into a homogeneous mass of mortar. Immediately after pouring the water into the chamber 16, the lid 24 is placed ( figure 4 ) on the upper wall 41 of the enclosure 16, taking care that its holes 43 are vis-a-vis the holes 44 of the upper face 41 of the enclosure 16. are then introduced metal rods 46 in the holes 43 and 44, breaking the covers 45. The rods 46 are pushed into the mortar mass, until their respective heads 47 are applied to the periphery of the holes 43. In this way, the cover 16 is firmly fixed on the upper face 41 of the enclosure 16.

On abandonne ensuite l'ensemble au repos pendant plusieurs jours, nécessaires pour la prise et le durcissement du béton.The whole is then left standing for several days, necessary for setting and hardening the concrete.

Lorsqu'il s'agit de fabriquer un mur de grande longueur, on dispose plusieurs caissons 10 dans la tranchée et plusieurs enceintes 16, en prenant soin d'engager la nervure 26 d'une enceinte 16 dans la gorge 27 de l'enceinte contiguë. La solidarisation des deux enceintes juxtaposées est ensuite réalisée au moyen de clavettes ou d'écrous 33 (figure 3) que l'on introduit dans des trous prévus à cet effet dans les longerons 26 et 28. Dans cette forme de réalisation de l'invention, l'ajout de l'eau dans les enceintes est fait après l'assemblage des enceintes 16.When it comes to making a wall of great length, there are several boxes 10 in the trench and several speakers 16, taking care to engage the rib 26 of an enclosure 16 in the groove 27 of the contiguous enclosure . The two juxtaposed enclosures are then secured by means of wedges or nuts 33 ( figure 3 ) that is introduced into holes provided for this purpose in the longitudinal members 26 and 28. In this embodiment of the invention, the addition of water in the enclosure is made after assembly of the speakers 16.

Les figures 7 et 8 montrent un composant additionnel du kit. Ce composant est destiné à servir de pilier d'angle entre deux ou trois éléments de la palissade, disposés à angles droits. I1 comprend une enceinte 16' de section transversale carrée, destinée à être intercalée entre deux enceintes 16 disposées à angle droit ou trois enceintes 16 disposées comme les trois branches d'un T. L'enceinte 16' est de conception analogue à celle de l'enceinte 16 décrite plus haut, dont elle se distingue uniquement par les dimensions de ses parois 34 et 35. L'enceinte 16' est entièrement remplie d'une poudre 64 similaire à celle de l'enceinte 16 et elle est hermétiquement close. Elle est équipée, comme l'enceinte 16, d'un tube vertical ajouré 25 pour l'admission d'eau dans la poudre 64, ce tube étant normalement obturé par un opercule amovible par rupture. Un couvercle 24' sert à recouvrir de manière étanche l'enceinte 16', à laquelle il est fixé au moyen d'une tige 46' à tête élargie 47', identiques aux tiges métalliques 46 de la figure 4 et à leur tête élargie 47. L'une au moins des parois (34') porte une nervure 36 analogue à la nervure 26 de l'enceinte 16 et une paroi 35', adjacente à cette paroi 34', porte une gorge 37 similaire à la gorge 27 de l'enceinte 16.The Figures 7 and 8 show an additional component of the kit. This component is intended to serve as a corner pillar between two or three elements of the palisade, arranged at right angles. I1 comprises an enclosure 16 'of square cross section, intended to be interposed between two speakers 16 arranged at right angles or three enclosures 16 arranged like the three branches of a T. The enclosure 16' is of similar design to that of the enclosure 16 described above, which it is distinguished only by the dimensions of its walls 34 and 35. The enclosure 16 'is completely filled with a powder 64 similar to that of the enclosure 16 and it is hermetically closed. It is equipped, like the enclosure 16, with a perforated vertical tube 25 for the admission of water into the powder 64, this tube being normally closed by a cap that is removable by rupture. A cover 24 'serves to seal the enclosure 16', to which it is fixed by means of a rod 46 'with an enlarged head 47', identical to the metal rods 46 of the figure 4 and at their enlarged head 47. At least one of the walls (34 ') carries a rib 36 similar to the rib 26 of the enclosure 16 and a wall 35', adjacent to this wall 34 ', has a similar groove 37 at the throat 27 of the enclosure 16.

Les figures 11 et 12 montrent un autre composant additionnel du kit. Ce composant est destiné à former un pilier d'extrémité de la palissade. Il comprend une enceinte 16" de section transversale carrée, identique à l'enceinte 16' des figures 7 et 8. Les dimensions des parois 34" et 35" de l'enceinte 16" sont identiques à celles des parois correspondantes 34' et 35' de l'enceinte 16'. L'enceinte 16" est entièrement remplie d'une poudre 64 similaire à la poudre 64 des enceintes 16 et 16' et elle est hermétiquement close. Elle est équipée, comme les enceintes 16 et 16', d'un tube vertical ajouré 25 pour l'admission d'eau dans la poudre, ce tube étant normalement obturé par un opercule amovible par rupture. Un couvercle 24" sert à recouvrir de manière étanche l'enceinte 16", à laquelle il est fixé au moyen d'une tige 46" à tête élargie 47", identique aux tiges 46 (et têtes 47) de la figure 4. Une des parois 35" présente une gorge 37" similaire à la gorge 27 de l'enceinte 16. La gorge 37" est destinée à recevoir la nervure 36 d'une enceinte 16 juxtaposée. La solidarisation de cette nervure 36 dans la gorge 37" est assurée au moyen de clavettes ou de boulons que l'on insère dans des orifices 49 ménagés à cette fin dans les longerons 26 et 28 formant 1a gorge 37".The Figures 11 and 12 show another additional component of the kit. This component is intended to form an end pillar of the palisade. It comprises an enclosure 16 "of square cross section, identical to the enclosure 16 'of Figures 7 and 8 . The dimensions of the walls 34 "and 35" of the enclosure 16 "are identical to those of the corresponding walls 34 'and 35' of the enclosure 16. The enclosure 16" is entirely filled with a powder 64 similar to the powder 64 of the enclosures 16 and 16 'and is hermetically sealed. It is equipped, as the speakers 16 and 16 ', a perforated vertical tube 25 for the admission of water into the powder, this tube being normally closed by a cap removable by rupture. A cover 24 "serves to seal the enclosure 16", to which it is fixed by means of a rod 46 "with enlarged head 47", identical to the rods 46 (and heads 47) of the figure 4 . One of the walls 35 "has a groove 37" similar to the groove 27 of the enclosure 16. The groove 37 "is intended to receive the rib 36 of a juxtaposed enclosure 16. The joining of this rib 36 in the groove 37" is ensured by means of keys or bolts that are inserted into holes 49 formed for this purpose in the longitudinal members 26 and 28 forming the groove 37 ".

Les figures 9, 9A et 10 montrent un détail d'un kit conforme à l'invention, spécialement adapté à des sol durs tels que des dallages ou des supports en béton. Le kit des figures 9 à 10 diffère du kit des figures 1 à 8 par l'absence du caisson 10, qui est remplacé par un autre moyen spécifique d'ancrage de l'enceinte 16 au sol. Ce moyen spécifique d'ancrage comprend une plaque métallique 11 (par exemple en aluminium), percée de trous 13, que l'on fixe au sol au moyen d'une série de vis 38 (figure 9A) traversant les trous 13. La plaque 11 est munie d'une glissière ou coulisse longitudinale 39 en forme de queue d'aronde. La paroi inférieure 22 de l'enceinte 16 porte un coulisseau 40 (figure 10), conçu pour venir s'encastrer et coulisser dans la glissière 39. Un organe de serrage sert à immobiliser le coulisseau 40 dans la glissière 39. Cet organe de serrage est représenté aux figures 17 et 18. Il comprend des vis 66 (figure 18) que l'on insère dans des trous taraudés 67 (figure 9) de la coulisse 39 pour y bloquer le coulisseau 40. La partie inférieure des parois de l'enceinte 16 comprend des retraits 67, permettant l'insertion des vis 66.The Figures 9, 9A and 10 show a detail of a kit according to the invention, especially suitable for hard floors such as pavements or concrete supports. The kit of Figures 9 to 10 differs from the kit of Figures 1 to 8 by the absence of the box 10, which is replaced by another specific means of anchoring the enclosure 16 to the ground. This specific anchoring means comprises a metal plate 11 (for example made of aluminum), pierced with holes 13, which is fixed to the ground by means of a series of screws 38 ( Figure 9A ) through the holes 13. The plate 11 is provided with a slide or longitudinal slide 39 in the shape of a dovetail. The lower wall 22 of the enclosure 16 carries a slider 40 ( figure 10 ), designed to fit and slide in the slideway 39. A clamping member serves to immobilize the slide 40 in the slideway 39. This clamping member is shown in FIGS. Figures 17 and 18 . It includes screws 66 ( figure 18 ) that is inserted into threaded holes 67 ( figure 9 ) of the slide 39 to block the slide 40. The lower part of the walls of the enclosure 16 includes withdrawals 67, allowing the insertion of the screws 66.

Les figures 13 à 16 montrent un ensemble de constituants du kit, servant à intégrer une barrière dans un mur en béton. La figure 13 montre une telle barrière. Celle-ci comprend un cadre rectangulaire 50 qui peut servir de support à un panneau plein ou à claire-voie (non représenté). Le cadre 50 peut être en bois, en métal ou en une matière plastique. Il est de préférence en aluminium.The Figures 13 to 16 show a set of components of the kit, used to integrate a barrier in a concrete wall. The figure 13 shows such a barrier. This comprises a rectangular frame 50 which can serve as a support for a solid panel or slatted (not shown). The frame 50 can be wood, metal or in a plastic material. It is preferably aluminum.

Pour incorporer la barrière dans le mur, le kit comprend deux piliers 51 et 52, similaires au pilier d'extrémité 16" des figures 11 et 12. Le pilier 51. (figure 14) est percé de deux trous taraudés 53, obturés par des opercules étanches, amovibles par rupture (à la figure 14, les opercules sont confondus avec les trous taraudés 53). Les orifices taraudés 53 sont destinés à la fixation d'oeillets 54 munis de tiges filetées, conçues pour être vissées dans les trous taraudés 53. Les opercules des trous 53 sont brisés lors du vissage des oeillets 54 dans les trous taraudés 53.To incorporate the barrier in the wall, the kit comprises two pillars 51 and 52, similar to the end pillar 16 "of the Figures 11 and 12 . The pillar 51. ( figure 14 ) is pierced with two threaded holes 53, sealed by leaktight lids, removable by rupture (at the figure 14 , the covers are merged with the threaded holes 53). The threaded orifices 53 are intended for fixing eyelets 54 provided with threaded rods, designed to be screwed into the threaded holes 53. The covers of the holes 53 are broken when the eyelets 54 are screwed into the threaded holes 53.

Le cadre 50 porte une paire de barres horizontales 55 dont les extrémités 56 sont pliées à angle droit vers le bas et filetées. Les extrémités 56 des barres 55 sont destinées à être engagées dans les oeillets 54 pour former, avec ceux-ci, des gonds pour la manoeuvre de la barrière. La barrière est retenue sur ses gonds au moyen d'une paire d'écrous 57, qui sont vissés sur les extrémités filetées 56 des barres 55.The frame 50 carries a pair of horizontal bars 55 whose ends 56 are bent at right angles downwards and threaded. The ends 56 of the bars 55 are intended to be engaged in the eyelets 54 to form, with them, hinges for the operation of the barrier. The barrier is retained on its hinges by means of a pair of nuts 57, which are screwed onto the threaded ends 56 of the bars 55.

Le kit comprend en outre un organe de fermeture de la barrière. A cet effet, il comprend une poutrelle 58 en aluminium, percée d'une boutonnière 59 (figure 15). La poutrelle est destinée à être fixée sur le pilier 52, au moyen d'une paire de vis 60 que l'on visse respectivement dans une paire de trous taraudés 61 du pilier 52. Les trous taraudés 61 du pilier 52 sont normalement obturés par des opercules étanches, qui sont brisés lorsque l'on visse les vis 60 dans les trous taraudés 61. Un loquet 62 (figure 16), destiné à être engagé dans la boutonnière 59, est fixé à la barrière au moyen d'un assemblage classique par boulon et écrou 63 (Figure 13).The kit further comprises a closure member of the barrier. For this purpose, it comprises a beam 58 made of aluminum, pierced with a buttonhole 59 ( figure 15 ). The beam is intended to be fixed on the pillar 52, by means of a pair of screws 60 which are respectively screwed into a pair of threaded holes 61 of the pillar 52. The threaded holes 61 of the pillar 52 are normally closed by sealing lids, which are broken when the screws 60 are screwed into the tapped holes 61. A latch 62 ( figure 16 ), intended to be engaged in the buttonhole 59, is fixed to the barrier by means of a conventional assembly by bolt and nut 63 ( Figure 13 ).

Claims (15)

  1. A process for constructing a vertical structure by setting and hardening hydraulic concrete in a casing, which comprises the following steps :
    - We use a casing that comprises on one hand, an airtight enclosure (16) containing a hydraulic binder in powder form (64) and on the other hand, an inlet valve for water (25) to mix with the powder; the insertion of water into the powder is done with the help of the aforesaid method; a process characterised in that:
    - The inlet valve was designed to ensure water tightness in the enclosure till the water entry point;
    - We position the enclosure vertically on the ground and fix it in such a way that it is an integral part of the wall, and the structure to be constructed is a wall.
  2. The process according to Claim 1, characterised in a way that, in order to fix the enclosure (16) to the ground, we lay a chamber frame (10) fitted with a base (11) on the ground, at least one metallic bar (14) is fixed vertically into the ground, through a calibrated hole (13) at the bottom of the chamber frame, until a flange ring (15) of the metallic bar covers the said hole and we embed the enclosure (16) in the chamber frame (10), by fixing the bar (14) vertically through an opening (23) to the lower longitudinal side (22) of the enclosure, in such a way that the said bar enters the powder (64).
  3. The process according to Claim 2, characterised in a way that, before positioning the chamber frame (10) in the ground, two temporary poles (1, 2) are sunk into the ground and a chord (32) is extended between the poles and we lay the chamber frame in the ground ensuring that the chord is connected to a groove (12) of the base stand (11) in the chamber frame.
  4. The process according to one of the claims from 1 to 3, characterised in a way that after having introduced the water into the powder (64), an airtight cover (24, 24', 24") is placed on the enclosure (16, 16', 16"), at least one metal rod (46, 46', 46") is vertically fixed through a pair of calibrated holes (43, 43', 43") connected respectively to the cover and to the upper surface (41) of the enclosure and the said bar is sunk into the powder (64), until a flange ring (47) from the enclosure, covers the hole (43,43', 43") in the cover.
  5. The kit for constructing a vertical concrete wall by using a process that conforms to one of the claims from 1 to 4, comprises a casing for a hydraulic mortar designed to be an integral part of the wall and comprises at least one enclosure (16) which is airtight and contains a hydraulic binder in powder form (64) and has an inlet valve (25) for water to seep through the powder, characterised in a way that the said water inlet valve is designed to ensure the water tightness of the enclosure until the said water has entered and additionally has at least one pierced tube (25) that is implanted in the powder (64), which is used on all the levels of the enclosure (16, 16', 16") and comes out through the upper surface (41) of the enclosure which is sealed with the help of a detachable cap, the said kit additionally has a method of fixing the enclosure vertically on the ground.
  6. The kit according to Claim 5, characterised in a way that the enclosure is prismatic.
  7. The kit according to Claim 5 or 6, characterised in a way that the method for fixing the enclosure (16) vertically on the ground comprises on one hand, a rectangular chamber frame (10) that is sized to fit into the enclosure and on the other hand, at least one metallic bar (14) for being vertically fixed on the ground , through a calibrated hole (13) at the base of the chamber frame (10), the said metallic bar comprising a flange ring (15) with dimensions higher than those of the calibrated hole.
  8. The kit according to Claim 7, characterised in a way that the lower surface (22) of the enclosure (16) comprises at least one opening (23) that is sealed by a removable cap, the said opening being positioned in such a way that it is found diagonal to the aforesaid hole (13) at the base of the chamber frame (10) when the enclosure (16) is fit into the said chamber frame.
  9. The kit according to Claim 7 or 8, characterised in a way that it additionally comprises two poles (1, 2) and a chord (32) and the base stand (11) of the chamber frame (10) has a longitudinal groove (12) for the extension of the chord.
  10. The kit according to one of the claims from 5 to 9, characterised in a way that it additionally comprises a cover (24, 24', 24") and a method for fixing the cover in an airtight manner on the upper surface of the enclosure, and the cover is pierced with at least one calibrated hole, wherein the upper surface of the enclosure is pierced with at least one calibrated hole (44), sealed by a removable cap (45) for each hole and wherein the method of fixing the cover on the upper surface of the enclosure comprises a metallic bar (46, 46', 46") which is provided for a head (47, 47', 47") with a surface area larger than that of the hole in the cover and which is designed to be connected through the hole in the cover (24, 24', 24"), the hole (44, 44', 44") in the upper surface of the enclosure and to seep into the powder (64) in the enclosure.
  11. The kit according to one of the claims from 5 to 10, characterised in a way that the enclosure (16, 16', 16") has a double-wall (17, 18).
  12. The kit according to Claim 11, characterised in a way that the walls (19, 20) of the double walls (17, 18) are made of synthetic (co)polymer.
  13. The kit according to one of the claims from 5 to 12, characterised in a way that the removable cap or every removable cap is removable per hole.
  14. The kit according to one of the claims from 5 to 13, characterised in a way that in case there are at least two enclosures (16), then there is a device to connect the two enclosures to each other, the said device comprising a longitudinal rib (26) on a lateral surface (18) of one of the enclosures, a longitudinal groove (27) on the lateral surface of another enclosure, designed to respond to the said rib and a component for fixing the rib in the groove.
  15. The kit according to one of the claims from 5 to 14, to construct a boundary or a closure.
EP10008075.3A 2010-08-03 2010-08-03 Method and kit for building a concrete vertical wall Not-in-force EP2415941B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP10008075.3A EP2415941B1 (en) 2010-08-03 2010-08-03 Method and kit for building a concrete vertical wall

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP10008075.3A EP2415941B1 (en) 2010-08-03 2010-08-03 Method and kit for building a concrete vertical wall

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2415941A1 EP2415941A1 (en) 2012-02-08
EP2415941B1 true EP2415941B1 (en) 2015-07-22

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10008075.3A Not-in-force EP2415941B1 (en) 2010-08-03 2010-08-03 Method and kit for building a concrete vertical wall

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Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1067671A (en) * 1962-10-04 1967-05-03 Nat Res Dev Building blocks, slabs and like products moulded from concrete or the like
US3922832A (en) * 1967-09-18 1975-12-02 Edward T Dicker Construction method of assembling bagged, settable modules
US3745775A (en) * 1971-11-22 1973-07-17 Us Navy Underwater in situ placement of concrete
JP3039368U (en) * 1997-01-08 1997-07-15 朋喜 末次 Reusable plastic bottles
JPWO2005064086A1 (en) * 2003-12-25 2007-07-19 博之 木田 Sandbag and waterproof bank
NO20082974L (en) * 2008-07-04 2010-01-05 Heli New Energy As Method for stopping concrete layers, a device and a pulp for carrying this process feed

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