NZ570919A

NZ570919A - Hot-working steel

Info

Publication number: NZ570919A
Application number: NZ570919A
Authority: NZ
Inventors: Odd Sanderberg; Bengt Klarenfjord
Original assignee: Uddeholms Ab
Priority date: 2006-04-06
Filing date: 2007-03-30
Publication date: 2011-07-29
Also published as: CA2659249A1; TWI355425B; KR20090010187A; US20090191086A1; SE0600797L; EP2002025A1; MX2008012631A; RU2430186C2; AU2007232532A1; SG170824A1; AU2007232532B2; SE529809C2; BRPI0710268A2; JP5185923B2; RU2008136560A; NO20084230L; TW200741017A; WO2007114781A1; JP2009532585A; CN101415854A

Abstract

A hot-working steel is disclosed, wherein the steel has the following chemical composition in % by weight: 0.38-0.46% C; 0.5-1.0% Si; 1% < Mn < 1.8%; 1.5-3.5% Cr; 0.5-0.7% Mo; 0.45-0.7% V; up to 1.0% Al, and wherein the content of (Mo + Cr), in % by weight, is less than 3.5%, the remainder being iron and unavoidable impurities.The disclosed hot-working steel is intended to be used in the working in hot condition of a working material. Typical examples of the use of said steel are tools for the extrusion pressing of light metals, primarily aluminium. This hot-working steel is also used in forging tools and for manufacturing hot-working tools.

Description

<div class="application article clearfix" id="description"> 1 Received at IPONZ on 30-Jun-2011 HOT-WORKING STEEL TECHNICAL FIELD 5 The invention relates to hot-working steel, i.e. steel intended to be used in the working in hot condition of a working material. Typical examples of the use of the steel are tools for the extrusion pressing of light metals, primarily aluminium. Another form of use is in forging tools. The invention also relates to use of the steel in the manufacturing of hot-working tools and to tools manufactured from the steel. 10 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION There are many requirements on high quality hot-working tools, such as a good resistance to hot wear and a beneficial combination of other properties such as tempering resistance, toughness, hardenability and strength. It is important for optimal 15 tool performance that these properties are satisfied. Tools for extrusion pressing of metals such as aluminium are exposed to demanding operating conditions in terms of temperature, pressure and abrasive wear. Extrusion pressing means that material in a plasticized condition is pressed through a restriction/nozzle in which the extruded profile/shape of the extrusion pressed material is formed. Hence, an extrusion pressing 20 nozzle must have high strength in combination with good resistance to hot wear as well as good resistance to tempering at high temperatures, since a material such as aluminium is normally extruded at temperatures of about 500-600 °C. A well known and long used hot-working steel is denoted HI 3 (or alternatively HI 1) according to AISI and has the following nominal composition in % by weight. 0.30 - 0,40 C, 0.20-25 0.40 Mn, 0.80-1.20 Si, 4,75-5.50 Cr, 1.25-1.75 Mo, 0.80-1.20 V, balance iron and unavoidable impurities, and for HI 1, in % by weight: 0.30-0.50 V, the remainder the same as for HI 3. Over the years many different lines of development have been investigated with the purpose of improving certain properties of the conventional steel H13. Examples are EP 632139, US 4,886,640 and US 4,853,181. 30 A drawback in common for all steels mentioned above is that they have a relatively high content of expensive alloying materials. It is realised that this is an essential drawback that it for long has been a desire to be able to minimize. It is an object of at least preferred embodiments of this invention to go some way towards meeting this desire; 35 and/or to at least provide the public with a useful choice. Received at IPONZ on 30-Jun-2011 2 In this specification where reference has been made to patent specifications, other external documents, or other sources of information, this is generally for the purpose of providing a context for discussing the features of the invention. Unless specifically stated otherwise, reference to such external documents is not to be construed as an 5 admission that such documents, or such sources of information, in any j urisdiction, are prior art, or form part of the common general knowledge in the art. ACCOUNT OF THE INVENTION In the description in this specification reference may be made to subject matter which is 10 not within the scope of the claims of the current application. That subject matter should be readily identifiable by a person skilled in the art and may assist in putting into practice the invention as defined in the claims of this application. Based on many years of experiments we have now succeeded in minimizing the above 15 mentioned problems. Accordingly, described herein is a steel having the following chemical composition in % by weight: 0.30-0.50% C 20 0-1.5% Si 0-1.8% Mn 1.5-3.5% Cr 0.3-0.9% (Mo + W/2) 0.4-0.8% (V +N/2) 25 Remainder iron and unavoidable impurities. The present invention relates to a hot-working steel, wherein the steel has the following chemical composition in % by weight: 0.38-0.46% C 30 0.5-1.0% Si l%<Mn< 1.8% 1.5-3.5% Cr 0.5-0.7% Mo 0.45-0.7% V 35 Up to 1.0% AI the remainder being iron and unavoidable impurities; wherein the content of (Mo + Cr), in % by weight, is less than 3.5%. 3 Received at IPONZ on 30-Jun-2011 The present invention also relates to the use of a hot-working steel according to the invention for the production of a tool for extrusion pressing. 5 The present invention also relates to a tool produced using a hot-working steel according to the invention. Thanks to the invention, a hot-working steel can now be provided that, for most applications, has properties comparable with a traditional H13 steel but having a 10 alloying cost that is almost the half (at the metal prices of today). Based on the fact that different steels of HI 3 type have been on the market for a long time, it is realised that it must be considered surprising that we have been able to find an alloy that is so efficient in solving the above mentioned problems, especially when considering that the important properties of resistance to hot wear against aluminium and thermal 15 conductivity are improved as compared to a traditional HI 3 alloy. It is true that hardenability is somewhat impaired, but as most extrusion tools on the market are used for fairly small dimensions, it is estimated that about 70-80% of the existing production can use of this new alloy, resulting in a considerably reduced cost at a functionality that for the rest is maintained. 20 When nothing else is stated the present description always refers to percent by weight in respect of the chemical composition of the steel and percent by volume in respect of the structural components of the steel. 25 The following is true for individual alloying materials and their mutual relations and for the structure and heat treatment of the steel. Carbon should be present in an adequate amount to give the steel the desired hardness after heat treatment and to contribute to hardenability. Accordingly, there must be at 30 least 0.3% and for the best result about 0.4% of carbon. Too much carbon has a negative effect on toughness and hence the upper limit should be 0.46%, suitably about 0.45%. A suitable carbon content may be in the interval of 0.38-0.46%, preferably 0.40-0.44%. 35 Silicon is present as a residual element from the manufacturing of the steel, at a content of normally at least 0.2%, most often about 1%. Silicon increases the carbon activity in the steel and hence it contributes to give the steel an adequate hardness. It also Received at IPONZ on 30-Jun-2011 4 contributes to an adequate resistance to oxidation and tempering. Contents that are too high may lead to brittleness problems due to solution hardening and hence the maximum content of silicon in the steel is 1.5%. Silicon may be present in the steel in an amount of 0.3-1.35%, preferably 0.5-1,2%. 5 Manganese, chromium and molybdenum should be present in the steel at an amount high enough to give the steel an adequate hardenability. According to an aspect of the invention, the content of (Mo + Cr), in % by weight, may be less than 3.5%. According to another aspect of the invention, the content of Cr in relation to the content of Mo, in 10 % by weight, may be such that %Cr/%Mo > 3, wherein the steel has a thermal conductivity of more than 26 W/m °C. Molybdenum has the property that it, besides contributing to hardenability also contributes to a good tempering resistance. Hence, it has been proven that molybdenum 15 is needed at a content of at least 0.3% but not more than 0.8%. Molybdenum may be present in the range of 0.45-0.8%, preferably 0,5-0,7%. Preferably, it is used 0.6% of molybdenum. Besides hardenability, chromium also contributes to the alloy's oxidation resistance and 20 it should be present at a content of at least 0.7%, preferably at least 1.5% but not more than 3.5%, preferably not more than 3.0%. A suitable content may be in the range of 0.7-3.0%, preferably 2.2-2.8%. The nominal content of chromium is preferably 2.6%. Manganese should be present at a content of at least 0.3%, preferably at least 0.7%, and 25 more preferably at least 1%, in order to contribute in giving the steel a desired hardenability at the limited content of molybdenum and chromium that characterises the steel. The steel should not contain more than 1.8% manganese. A suitable content may be in the range of 0.3-1.5%, preferably 0.5-1.35%. The nominal content of manganese is preferably 1.4 %. 30 Vanadium should be present in the steel at a content of at least 0.4%, preferably at least 0.45% and not more than 0.8%, preferably not more than 0,7%. Vanadium also contributes to give the steel good tempering resistance, good resistance to wear and also contributes to good strength by forming vanadium carbides that contribute to the 35 formation of a relatively fine crystal structure. Preferably, the steel has a vanadium content of 0.5-0.6%. Received at IPONZ on 30-Jun-2011 5 According to yet another aspect of the invention, the content of Mo as well as the content of V may both be less than 0.7%, wherein the steel has a thermal conductivity of more than 26 W/m °C. 5 According to an embodiment of the invention, the steel may not contain more than 0.05% of Al. According to another embodiment of the invention, the steel may contain 0.3-1.0%, preferably about 0,7% Al. 10 Conventional, known production techniques can be used for the manufacturing of the steel BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 15 In the following description of experiments made, reference will be made to the enclosed drawings, of which Fig. 1 shows a graph over the desired resistance to hot wear, for gas nitrided samples in a 4 h test, and Fig. 2 shows the corresponding test results in an 8 h test. 20 ACCOUNT OF CONDUCTED EXPERIMENTS Three alloys have been made in the form of laboratory scale ingots with a weight of 50 kg, by the following process: Forging at 1270°C to the dimension 60 x 60 mm. Soft-annealing at 850°C/2h, cooling by 10°C/h to 600°C and thereafter free cooling in air. 25 The chemical compositions of the investigated charges are shown in Table 1 below. Table 1. Chemical composition (% by weight) of investigated charges, remainder iron and impurities. Ingot No. C Si Mn P S Cr Mo V Al N O ppm Ref. 2 0.37 1.06 0.41 0.019 0.001 5.16 1.47 0.82 0.001 0.04 40 Uppf 6 0.42 0.93 1.25 0.004 0.007 2.53 0.60 0.57 0.001 0.047 50 Uppf 7 0.38 0.59 1.34 0.005 0.006 2.29 0.55 0.52 0.53 0.023 32 30 The alloys are heat treated according to Table 2 below. Received at IPONZ on 30-Jun-2011 6 Table 2. Austenitizing and tempering temperatures, and expected hardness of the Alloy TA(°C)30 min T Temp (°C) 2x2h HRC 2 1020 580 48 6,7 1020 560 48 Plate samples having the dimension 5 x 10 x 30 mm are produced of each species 5 according to Table 2. One surface of the sample, a side of 5 x 30 mm, is polished fine with an Ra of about 0.10-0.15 |um. The different samples were investigated to compare hot wear against aluminium. Fig. 1 shows the volume worn off after about 4 h for gas nitrided samples. The graph shows 30 that both samples produced according to the invention, i.e. samples 6 and 7, have improved resistance to wear as compared with the reference steels (sample no. 2). Fig. 2 shows the result from a corresponding 8 h test, showing that an improved resistance to wear could be confirmed for the invention also in such an experiment. In 15 one case (sample no. 6), the improvement is more than 50% in respect of resistance to wear, as compared with a traditional HI 3 steel (sample 2). It is hence evident, when comparing a steel according to the invention with a classic H13 steel (sample 2) having the composition in % by weight: 0.30 - 0.40 C, 0.20-0.40 20 Mn, 0.80-1.20 Si, 4.75-5,50 Cr, 1.25-1.75 Mo, 0.80-1.20 V, balance iron and unavoidable impurities, that the steel according to the invention, having the composition in % by weight: 0.4 C, 0.5-1.0 Si, 1.2-1.4 Mn, 2.2-2.5 Cr, 0.5-0.6 Mo, 0.5-0.6 V, is much improved in respect of the very important property of wear resistance, despite the lower content of alloying materials and lower cost. Considering the conventional 25 understanding in the present technical field, these results are sensational since the prevalent teaching is that a lowering of the content of chromium and/or molybdenum and/or vanadium should result in an impaired nitrification potential. According to the prevalent understanding, the changes made in a steel according to the invention, as compared with a traditional HI 3 steel, ought accordingly result in a relatively seen 30 impaired nitrification potential and hence an impaired resistance to wear. Obviously, some type of mechanisms arise in a steel according to the invention, resulting in an excellent nitrification potential and hence the ability to achieve a good resistance to wear, despite the decreased contents of chromium, molybdenum and vanadium. Received at IPONZ on 30-Jun-2011 7 It is realised that the invention is not limited to the preferred, narrow ranges mentioned above, but that many variants are accommodated within the scope of the invention as defined in claim 1, while still retaining the required good properties. Aspects that are 5 specifically preferred according to the invention are set out in the dependent claims. It is clear from the table below (Table 3) that the steel according to the invention fulfils the properties desired for an HI3 steel, which table gives a weighted comparison of important properties, wherein 10 is the highest rating corresponding to the best test 10 result (for the comparison between a traditional HI3 steel and the invention) and the rating of the comparing sample being weighted in relation to the best rating. Table 3. Invention H13 Nitrification potential The same The same Alloying cost 10 5 Yield % The same The same Processability The same The same Thermal fatigue strength 7 10 Ductility (20°C, 44 HRC) The same The same Charpy-V (20°C, 48 HRC) The same The same Hardenability 6 10 Resistance to wear against aluminium (550°C) 10 7 Tempering resistance 8 10 Strength (550°C) 9 10 Thermal conductivity 10 9 15 It is clear from the table above that the ratings of the invention are very good in respect of properties important for an HI 3 steel, and that it is possible even to achieve improved ratings in respect of the very important properties resistance to wear against aluminium and thermal conductivity, although the alloying cost is lowered by almost 50%. </div>

Claims

<div class="application article clearfix printTableText" id="claims"> 8 Received at IPONZ on 30-Jun-2011 WHAT WE CLAIM IS:

1. A hot-working steel, wherein the steel has the following chemical composition in % by weight: 5 0.38-0.46% C 0.5-1.0% Si 1% < Mn < 1.8% 1.5-3.5% Cr 0.5-0.7% Mo 10 0.45-0.7% V up to 1.0% Al, and wherein the content of (Mo + Cr), in % by weight, is less than 3.5%, the remainder being iron and unavoidable impurities. 15

2. A steel according to claim 1, wherein the content of C, in % by weight, is 0.40-0.44% C.

3. A steel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the content of Cr, in % by weight, is not more than 3.0%. 20

4. A steel according to claim 3, wherein the content of Cr, in % by weight, is 2.2-2.8%.

5. A steel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the content of Cr in 25 relation to the content of Mo, in % by weight, is such that %Cr/%Mo > 3.

6. A steel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the content of Mo as well as the content of V are both less than 0.7 % by weight. 30 7. A steel according to claim 6, wherein the content of V is 0.5-0.6 % by weight.

8. A steel according to claim 1, wherein the steel contains not more than 0.05 % by weight of Al. 35 9. A steel according to claim 1, wherein the content of Al, in % by weight, is 0.3-1.0%. Received at IPONZ on 30-Jun-2011 9

10. A steel according to claim 9, wherein the content of Al, in % by weight, is about 0.

7%.

11. A hot-working steel according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the steel has a thermal conductivity of more than 26 W/m °C at 200°C.

12. A hot-working steel according to claim 1, wherein the steel has the following chemical composition in % by weight: 0.4% C 0.5-1.0% Si 1.2-1.4% Mn 2,2-2.5% Cr 0,5-0.6% Mo 0.5-0.6% V, the remainder being iron and unavoidable impurities.

13. A hot-working steel according to claim 1, wherein the steel has the following chemical composition in % by weight: 0.42% C 0.93% Si 1.25% Mn 2.53% Cr 0.60% Mo 0.57% V 0.001% Al, the remainder being iron and unavoidable impurities.

14. A hot-working steel according to claim 1, wherein the steel has the following chemical composition in % by weight: 0.38% C 0.59% Si 1.34% Mn 2.29% Cr 0.55% Mo 0.52% V 0.53% Al, the remainder being iron and unavoidable impurities. 10 Received at IPONZ on 30-Jun-2011

15. Use of the steel according to any one of claims 1-14 for the production of a tool for extrusion pressing.

16. The use according to claim 15, wherein the tool is for the extrusion pressing of aluminium.

17. A tool for extrusion pressing produced using steel according to any one of claims 1-

18. A steel according to claim 1, substantially as herein described with reference to any example thereof.

19. A use according to claim 15, substantially as herein described with reference to any example thereof.

20. A tool according to claim 17, substantially as herein described with reference to any example thereof. 14. DATED THIS Al LUi- AQTOT8 ft'-l ?HB APPUGANT </div>