NZ537827A - Process and finned tube for the thermal cracking of hydrocarbons - Google Patents
Process and finned tube for the thermal cracking of hydrocarbonsInfo
- Publication number
- NZ537827A NZ537827A NZ537827A NZ53782703A NZ537827A NZ 537827 A NZ537827 A NZ 537827A NZ 537827 A NZ537827 A NZ 537827A NZ 53782703 A NZ53782703 A NZ 53782703A NZ 537827 A NZ537827 A NZ 537827A
- Authority
- NZ
- New Zealand
- Prior art keywords
- tube
- fins
- finned tube
- profile
- fin
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G9/14—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils in pipes or coils with or without auxiliary means, e.g. digesters, soaking drums, expansion means
- C10G9/18—Apparatus
- C10G9/20—Tube furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G9/24—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by heating with electrical means
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/40—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only inside the tubular element
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/80—Additives
- C10G2300/805—Water
- C10G2300/807—Steam
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (1)
- -15- Patent Claims: A process for the thermal cracking of hydrocarbons in the presence of steam, in which the charge mixture is passed through externally heated tubes with helical internal fins, characterized in that a swirling flow is generated in the immediate vicinity of the fins which runs at an angle of more than 20° to 40°, with respect to the tube axis and is converted into a core zone with a predominantly axial flow at increasing radial distance from the fins. The process as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the fluctuation in the inner-wall temperature over the circumference of the tube is less than 12°C. The process as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the isotherms in the core zone run in spiral form. The process as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the velocity of the swirling flow is built up within the first 2 to 3 m of the length of the tube and then remains constant. The process as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the velocity of the swirling flow covers the entire cross section after the first 2 to 3 m of the tube length. The process as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the temperature homogeneity factor over the cross section and the temperature homogeneity factor referenced on the hydraulic diameter is over 1 in relation to the homogeneity factors of a smooth tube. The process as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the flow velocity in the boundary layer at the tube wall is 8 to 12% lower and the flow velocity in the core zone is 8 to 12% higher than in the case of a comparable tube with straight fins of the same type. The process as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the gas is accelerated, over a distance of from 100 to 200 cm, calculated from the gas inlet, to a circumferential velocity which amounts to 15 to 20% of the axial velocity in the core zone, and in that the circumferential velocity subsequently remains constant. The process as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the sum of axial velocity and circumferential velocity is greater than the axial velocity of a comparable tube with straight fins of the same type. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OFFICE OF N.Z. 2 6 FEB 2007 RECEIVED -16- 10. The process as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the gas particles are accelerated at the flanks of the fins. 11. A finned tube having a plurality of helically running inner fins, characterized in that the fins runs at an angle of more than 20° to 40° preferably of 22,5° to 32,5° with respect to the tube axis. 12. The finned tube as claimed in claim 11, characterized in that the profile circumference (Up) amounts to +5 to -2% of the envelope circle touching the fin valleys. 13. The finned tube as claimed in claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the flank angle of the fins is 16° to 25°. z •H m o oF n 3! nn I! o n n O H V O r- o 3 "" TJ ZS NS m 3 14. The finned tube as claimed in any one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the fins and the valleys located between the fins are designed to be mirror-symmetrical in cross section. 15. The finned tube as claimed in any one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that the fin peaks and the fin valleys in each case merge into one another. 16. The finned tube as claimed in any one of claims 11 to 15, characterized in that the fins and the fin valleys have the same radius of curvature. 17. The finned tube as claimed in claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the fins are welded on and the fin valleys lie on a common circle. 18. The finned tube as claimed in any one of claims 11 to 17, characterized by a total of 6 to 12 fins. 19. The finned tube as claimed in any one of claims 11 to 18, characterized in that the hydraulic diameter of the finned tube is at least equal to the diameter of the inner circle (Ri). 20. The finned tube as claimed in any one of claims 11 to 19, characterized in that the ratio of the quotients of the heat transfer coefficients QR/Q0 to the quotient of the pressure losses APr/APo in the water test is 1.4 to 1.5, where R denotes a finned tube and 0 denotes a smooth tube. 21. The finned tube as claimed in any one of claims 11 to 20, characterized in that the radius of curvature (R) of the fin cross section is 3.5 to 20 mm. 22. The finned tube as claimed in any one of claims 11 to 21, characterized by a fin height (H) of 1.25 to 3 mm. 23. The finned tube as claimed in any one of claims 11 to 22, characterized in that the clear cross section within the profile circumference (Up) amounts to 85 to 95% of the area -17- 24. 25. 26. 28. 29. 30. 32. 33. 34. 35. of the envelope circle (Fa). The finned tube as claimed in any one of claims 11 to 23, characterized in that the profile area (Fp) amounts to 40 to 50% of the annular area between the envelope circle and the inner circle. A process for producing the finned tube as claimed in any one of claims 11 to 24, characterized in that the ends of a tube with axially parallel fins are rotated with respect to one another. A process for producing the finned tube as claimed in any one of claims 11 to 24, characterized in that the inner profile is produced by deformation using a profiling tool. The process as claimed in claim 26, characterized in that during the deformation the micro structural grain is partially broken up in the region of the inner surface. A process for producing the finned tube as claimed in any one of claims 11 to 24, characterized in that the inner profile is produced by deformation using a profiting tool or by build-up welding. A process for producing a finned tube as claimed in any one of claims 11 to 24, characterized in that the inner profile is produced by electrolyte removal of material. The process as claimed in any one of claims 26 to 29, characterized in that the inner surface of the profiled tube is smoothed. The use of a centrifugally cast tube for the production of the finned tube as claimed in any one of claims 11 to 24. The use as claimed in claini 31, wherein the centrifugally cast tube consists of a nickel alloy containing 0.1 to 0.5% of carbon, 20 to 35% of chromium, 20 to 70% of nickel, up to 3% of silicon, up to 1% of niobium, up to 5% of tungsten and in each case up to 0.5% of hafnium, titanium, rare earths, zirconium, and up to 6% of aluminum. The use as claimed in claim 32, in which the alloy contains, individually or in combination with one another, at least 0.02% of silicon, 0.1% of niobium, 0.3% of tungsten and 1.5% of aluminum. A process according to claim 1, substantially as herein described or exemplified. A finned tube according to claim 11, substantially as herein described or exemplified. -18- 36. A process according to claim 25, substantially as herein described or exemplified. 37. A process according to claim 26, substantially as herein described or exemplified. 38. A process according to claim 28, substantially as herein described or exemplified. 39. A process according to claim 29, substantially as herein described or exemplified. 40. A use according to claim 31, substantially as herein described or exemplified. INTF: - rCT, iA, PROPERTY lH C"> M.Z *; i-£8 2007 ° £ CEIVED
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10233961A DE10233961A1 (en) | 2002-07-25 | 2002-07-25 | Cracking hydrocarbon materials in presence of steam heated with pipes having helical inner ribs promoting uniform temperature in pipe wall |
PCT/EP2003/004827 WO2004015029A1 (en) | 2002-07-25 | 2003-05-08 | Method and ribbed tube for thermally cleaving hydrocarbons |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NZ537827A true NZ537827A (en) | 2007-04-27 |
Family
ID=30128404
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NZ537827A NZ537827A (en) | 2002-07-25 | 2003-05-08 | Process and finned tube for the thermal cracking of hydrocarbons |
Country Status (22)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (2) | EP1525289B9 (en) |
JP (2) | JP4536512B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR101023668B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN100523133C (en) |
AT (1) | ATE526385T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2003227737A1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR0312919B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2493463C (en) |
DE (1) | DE10233961A1 (en) |
EA (1) | EA010936B1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2374568T3 (en) |
HR (1) | HRP20050072A2 (en) |
IL (1) | IL166229A (en) |
MA (1) | MA27325A1 (en) |
MX (1) | MXPA05001070A (en) |
NO (1) | NO337398B1 (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ537827A (en) |
PL (1) | PL204769B1 (en) |
PT (1) | PT1525289E (en) |
RS (1) | RS20050060A (en) |
UA (1) | UA85044C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004015029A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR101153067B1 (en) | 2006-07-05 | 2012-06-04 | 수미도모 메탈 인더스트리즈, 리미티드 | Metal tube for thermal cracking reaction |
WO2010106070A1 (en) * | 2009-03-17 | 2010-09-23 | Total Petrochemicals Research Feluy | Process for quenching the effluent gas of a furnace |
EP2813286A1 (en) * | 2013-06-11 | 2014-12-17 | Evonik Industries AG | Reaction tube and method for the production of hydrogen cyanide |
FR3033266B1 (en) * | 2015-03-05 | 2017-03-03 | Ifp Energies Now | COLLECTION ASSEMBLY OF A GASEOUS FLUID FOR RADIAL REACTOR |
JP6603788B2 (en) * | 2015-07-09 | 2019-11-06 | サビック グローバル テクノロジーズ ベスローテン フェンノートシャップ | Minimizing coke formation in a hydrocarbon cracking reactor system. |
JP6107905B2 (en) * | 2015-09-09 | 2017-04-05 | 株式会社富士通ゼネラル | Heat exchanger |
CN109072090B (en) * | 2016-04-12 | 2021-03-16 | 巴斯夫安特卫普股份有限公司 | Reactor for cracking furnace |
DE102016012907A1 (en) | 2016-10-26 | 2018-04-26 | Schmidt + Clemens Gmbh + Co. Kg | Deep hole drilling method and tool for a deep hole drilling machine and deep hole drilling machine |
SG11201909294XA (en) * | 2017-04-07 | 2019-11-28 | Schmidt Clemens Gmbh Co Kg | Pipe and device for thermally cleaving hydrocarbons |
DE102017003409B4 (en) | 2017-04-07 | 2023-08-10 | Schmidt + Clemens Gmbh + Co. Kg | Pipe and device for the thermal cracking of hydrocarbons |
HUE066462T2 (en) * | 2017-04-07 | 2024-08-28 | Schmidt Clemens Gmbh Co Kg | Tube and device for the thermal splitting of hydrocarbons |
CA3062425C (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2022-05-31 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Heat transfer tube for hydrocarbon processing |
SG11202003400PA (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2020-05-28 | China Petroleum & Chem Corp | Heat transfer enhancement pipe as well as cracking furnace and atmospheric and vacuum heating furnace including the same |
GB2590363B (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2023-06-28 | Paralloy Ltd | Internally profiled tubes |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB969796A (en) | 1961-03-01 | 1964-09-16 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Apparatus for heating fluids and tubes for disposal therein |
JPS58132081A (en) * | 1982-01-08 | 1983-08-06 | Idemitsu Petrochem Co Ltd | Thermal cracking of hydrocarbon |
DE3716665A1 (en) * | 1987-05-19 | 1988-12-08 | Vdm Nickel Tech | CORROSION RESISTANT ALLOY |
JP3001181B2 (en) | 1994-07-11 | 2000-01-24 | 株式会社クボタ | Reaction tube for ethylene production |
DE4427859A1 (en) * | 1994-08-05 | 1995-10-26 | Siemens Ag | Tube with inner ribbing forming multi-hand thread |
DE19523280C2 (en) * | 1995-06-27 | 2002-12-05 | Gfm Gmbh Steyr | Forging machine for internal profiling of tubular workpieces |
DE19629977C2 (en) * | 1996-07-25 | 2002-09-19 | Schmidt & Clemens Gmbh & Co Ed | Austenitic nickel-chrome steel alloy workpiece |
US6419885B1 (en) * | 1997-06-10 | 2002-07-16 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents, Inc. | Pyrolysis furnace with an internally finned U shaped radiant coil |
JPH11199876A (en) * | 1998-01-16 | 1999-07-27 | Kubota Corp | Thermal cracking pipe used for producing ethylene having coking-reducing performance |
-
2002
- 2002-07-25 DE DE10233961A patent/DE10233961A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2003
- 2003-05-08 JP JP2004526658A patent/JP4536512B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-05-08 PT PT03725176T patent/PT1525289E/en unknown
- 2003-05-08 AT AT03725176T patent/ATE526385T1/en active
- 2003-05-08 EP EP03725176A patent/EP1525289B9/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-05-08 KR KR1020057001384A patent/KR101023668B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2003-05-08 EA EA200500258A patent/EA010936B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-05-08 CN CNB038178850A patent/CN100523133C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-05-08 PL PL373967A patent/PL204769B1/en unknown
- 2003-05-08 UA UAA200501718A patent/UA85044C2/en unknown
- 2003-05-08 NZ NZ537827A patent/NZ537827A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-05-08 ES ES03725176T patent/ES2374568T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-05-08 BR BRPI0312919-5A patent/BR0312919B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2003-05-08 EP EP10012045A patent/EP2298850A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-05-08 CA CA2493463A patent/CA2493463C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-05-08 WO PCT/EP2003/004827 patent/WO2004015029A1/en active Application Filing
- 2003-05-08 MX MXPA05001070A patent/MXPA05001070A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2003-05-08 RS YUP-2005/0060A patent/RS20050060A/en unknown
- 2003-05-08 AU AU2003227737A patent/AU2003227737A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2005
- 2005-01-11 IL IL166229A patent/IL166229A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2005-01-18 MA MA28048A patent/MA27325A1/en unknown
- 2005-01-24 HR HR20050072A patent/HRP20050072A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-01-28 NO NO20050493A patent/NO337398B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2010
- 2010-02-18 JP JP2010034129A patent/JP2010150553A/en not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2493463A1 (en) | 2004-02-19 |
JP4536512B2 (en) | 2010-09-01 |
ES2374568T3 (en) | 2012-02-17 |
UA85044C2 (en) | 2008-12-25 |
KR20050052457A (en) | 2005-06-02 |
PL373967A1 (en) | 2005-09-19 |
IL166229A0 (en) | 2006-01-15 |
EA010936B1 (en) | 2008-12-30 |
NO337398B1 (en) | 2016-04-04 |
HRP20050072A2 (en) | 2005-08-31 |
EP1525289B9 (en) | 2012-02-29 |
MXPA05001070A (en) | 2005-10-05 |
EA200500258A1 (en) | 2005-08-25 |
CA2493463C (en) | 2013-01-15 |
AU2003227737A1 (en) | 2004-02-25 |
BR0312919B1 (en) | 2014-06-24 |
BR0312919A (en) | 2005-07-05 |
PT1525289E (en) | 2012-01-04 |
KR101023668B1 (en) | 2011-03-25 |
EP1525289B1 (en) | 2011-09-28 |
WO2004015029A1 (en) | 2004-02-19 |
NO20050493L (en) | 2005-03-17 |
PL204769B1 (en) | 2010-02-26 |
JP2010150553A (en) | 2010-07-08 |
CN1671824A (en) | 2005-09-21 |
JP2005533917A (en) | 2005-11-10 |
RS20050060A (en) | 2007-09-21 |
ATE526385T1 (en) | 2011-10-15 |
CN100523133C (en) | 2009-08-05 |
EP1525289A1 (en) | 2005-04-27 |
DE10233961A1 (en) | 2004-02-12 |
EP2298850A1 (en) | 2011-03-23 |
MA27325A1 (en) | 2005-05-02 |
IL166229A (en) | 2008-11-26 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US7963318B2 (en) | Finned tube for the thermal cracking of hydrocarbons, and process for producing a finned tube | |
IL166229A (en) | Process and ribbed tube for thermally cleaving hydrocarbons | |
EP0993497B1 (en) | Pyrolysis furnace with an internally finned u-shaped radiant coil | |
CA2575019C (en) | Composite tube, method of production for a composite tube and use of a composite tube | |
EP3443053B1 (en) | Reactor for a cracking furnace | |
ZA200500456B (en) | Method and ribbed tube for thermally cleaving hydrocarbons | |
MX2012004568A (en) | A heat exchange device and a method of manufacturing the same. | |
CN110709159B (en) | Tube and apparatus for thermally cracking hydrocarbons |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PSEA | Patent sealed | ||
RENW | Renewal (renewal fees accepted) | ||
RENW | Renewal (renewal fees accepted) | ||
RENW | Renewal (renewal fees accepted) |
Free format text: PATENT RENEWED FOR 3 YEARS UNTIL 08 MAY 2016 BY PAVIS EG Effective date: 20130501 |
|
RENW | Renewal (renewal fees accepted) |
Free format text: PATENT RENEWED FOR 1 YEAR UNTIL 08 MAY 2017 BY PAVIS EG Effective date: 20160421 |
|
RENW | Renewal (renewal fees accepted) |
Free format text: PATENT RENEWED FOR 1 YEAR UNTIL 08 MAY 2018 BY PAVIS GMBH Effective date: 20170427 |
|
RENW | Renewal (renewal fees accepted) |
Free format text: PATENT RENEWED FOR 1 YEAR UNTIL 08 MAY 2019 BY PAVIS GMBH Effective date: 20180427 |
|
RENW | Renewal (renewal fees accepted) |
Free format text: PATENT RENEWED FOR 1 YEAR UNTIL 08 MAY 2020 BY PAVIS GMBH Effective date: 20190501 |
|
RENW | Renewal (renewal fees accepted) |
Free format text: PATENT RENEWED FOR 1 YEAR UNTIL 08 MAY 2021 BY PAVIS GMBH Effective date: 20200424 |
|
RENW | Renewal (renewal fees accepted) |
Free format text: PATENT RENEWED FOR 1 YEAR UNTIL 08 MAY 2022 BY PAVIS PAYMENTS GMBH Effective date: 20210430 |
|
RENW | Renewal (renewal fees accepted) |
Free format text: PATENT RENEWED FOR 1 YEAR UNTIL 08 MAY 2023 BY PAVIS PAYMENT GMBH Effective date: 20220429 |
|
EXPY | Patent expired |