NZ241053A

NZ241053A - Paint/stain formulations containing up to 60% by vol of reclaimed engine oil, and preferably alkyd resin

Info

Publication number: NZ241053A
Application number: NZ24105391A
Authority: NZ
Inventors: Bassam Shomali
Original assignee: Bassam Shomali
Priority date: 1990-12-21
Filing date: 1991-12-18
Publication date: 1995-04-27
Also published as: JPH06509121A; EP0563183A1; EP0563183A4; WO1992011326A1

Description

New Zealand Paient Spedficaiion for Paient Number £41 053 24 1 0 5 2-1 • 12. ,'Ln'Cjr 7Z'^c.^m/.oQr..

I |0 , .'J'r,. , 2 7 APR 1995 I " 13^/ I . .... ■ - - NO DwAWiNGS PATENTS FORM NO. 5 ) Fee No. 1 & 4: $250.00 \ 1 8 DL C1991 . .

PATENTS ACT 1953 a v COMPLETE SPECIFICATION PAINT AND STAIN FORMULATIONS I BASSAM SHOMALI an Australian citizen of 144 Nepean Highway, Aspendale, Victoria, 3195, Australia hereby declare the invention, for which I pray that a patent may be granted to me/us, and the method by which it is to be performed to be particularly described in and by the following statement: 1 / A ' ) U j 2 TITLE: Paint and Stain Formulations FIELD OF THE INVENTION: This invention relates to paint and stain formulations, in particular to paint formulations including petroleum-derived oils especially re-refined petroleum-derived oils .

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION: Paints are liquids that solidify when exposed to air and are used to cover surfaces for decorative and protective purposes. In general, paints are formed by mixing a pigment and a liquid vehicle that solidifies when exposed to air and a solvent. In general modern paint formulations consist of different categories of chemical compounds. The vehicle ultimately forms the adherent, flexible, skin-like coating. The pigment is dispersed throughout the vehicle and gives the final film its colour and hiding power. The solvent, or thinner, evaporates shortly after the coating has been applied. The vehicle generally may be an unsaturated, or drying, oil, which is an ester formed from the reaction of a long-chain carboxylic acid, for example, linoleic acid, with a polyfunctional alcohol, such as glycerine; or it can be a synthetic polymer.

Linseed oil is a typical drying vehicle used in paints. On exposure to the oxygen in the ambient atmosphere, the unsaturated bonds of the hydrocarbon chain of the ester molecules making up linseed oil are attacked and an oxide, or ether, is formed thereby cross-linking one molecule to another. This results in a tough, insoluble macro molecule which becomes a polymer after J, J 3 being applied to an exposed surface.

The vehicle may also be a synthetic polymer, dissolved or dispersed in a suitable solvent, so that as the solvent evaporates the individual macro molecules come into contact and become enmeshed with one another. The solidification may be improved by the presence in the solvent of a polymerisation catalyst, called a drier. The types of synthetic polymers most widely employed as paint vehicles are alkyd resins, nitrocellulose (in which cellulose is de-polymerised and the small molecules are nitrated, and the substance is then re-polymerised), phenolic resins, acrylic resins, epoxy resins, polyvinyl acetate resins, and polyurethanes.

Paint pigments are generally fine powders that either strongly scatter light, to yield a white effect or absorb certain wavelengths of light, producing a coloured effect.

Typical white pigments are inorganic oxides such as titanium dioxide, antimony oxide, and zinc oxide. Other white, insoluble, inorganic compounds may also be used. Coloured inorganic oxides may be used as coloured pigments as may a variety of organic solids.

The solvent or thinner for the drying oil paints is generally turpentine, which is a mixture of cyclic hydrocarbons containing ten carbon atoms, or the thinner may be mixture of suitably volatile hydrocarbons derived from petroleum distillates. The ? 4 1 0 5 4 solvent for most synthetic vehicles is generally a mixture of hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, or esters.

Conventionally, it has been not considered possible to use petroleum-derived oils as solvent replacers or substitutes in paints because those oils are not drying oils. Further, problems of separation of phases have also arisen.

In painting surfaces or substrates it is desirable that the nonvolatile and non-drying solvent be absorbed by the substrate within a time short enough to resist wash-off by rain, say within 3 to 4 hours of the product being applied; the residual part of the paint product must stay in place and dry in the same or similar manner as a normal oil or alkyd paint and must have reasonable durability; a single applied coat should be sufficiently opaque to hide surface defects such as gum veins, iron stains, knots etc. as well as colour variations due to different stages of weathering; the product in the container must be readily reincorporated after storage and transport and retain a reasonable uniformity during use; advantageously, the cost of raw materials should be as low as possible to enable the product to compete in the existing market now dominated by water-borne fence finishes.

It would also be desirable to produce a formulation which not only incorporates mineral or petroleum oils but is water-based. 2 4 10 5 3 BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: Surprisingly, it has been found possible to prepare satisfactory paint or stain formulations incorporating up to 52.5% by weight (or 60% by volume) of a reclaimed engine oil.

Thus according to one aspect of the present invention there is provided an alkyd resin-containing paint or stain formulation which comprises from 1 to 52.5% by weight of a reclaimed engine oil, from 5 to 30% weight (solids) of alkyd resin vehicle, from 1 to 20% by weight of pigment(s), from 15 to 40% by weight of conventional paint solvent(s), if desired, from 10-20% by weight of gloss control agent, and optionally additives as normally used in paint or stain formulations.

In another aspect the present invention provides a water-based alkyd resin-containing paint or stain formulation which comprises:- • from 1 to 30% by weight of a reclaimed engine oil, • from 5 to 30% by weight (solids) of alkyd resin vehicle, • from 0 to 20% by weight of pigments, • from 0.5 to 10% by weight of emulsifier, • balance water, and • optionally additives as normally used in water-based paint or stain formulations.

In yet another aspect the present invention provides a water-based petroleum-derived oil emulsion which comprises • from 1 to 30% by weight of a reclaimed engine oil, 5 3 6 • from 5 to 30% by weight (solids) of alkyd resin vehicle, • from 0.5 to 10% by weight of emulsifier, • balance water, and if desired, drying additives.

Finally, the present invention provides several methods of making a water-based alkyd resin-containing a reclaimed engine oil emulsion.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION: Formulations according to the present invention include fence stains, surface paints for bare timber surfaces, or timber preservatives, with the natures and amounts of components being varied to meet requirements. Stain formulations will normally use a lower percentage of pigments than paint formulations.

It has been found that if the petroleum-derived oil is contaminated by residual anti-oxidants the maximum percentage of oil has to be reduced to 30% by volume or less. Materials such as anti-oxidants, anti-rust additives, and zinc salt anti-wear compounds act adversely on the normal "drying" (oxidative) process undergone by alkyd resins. Also, resistance to rain is reduced during the early part of the drying process, and resistance to rub-off is reduced. It is also believed that formulations according to the present invention may have flash points significantly higher than known oil-based paints and stains. Preferably the non-water based formulations according to the invention contain in excess of 30% by volume of petroleum / i* J J 7 derived oil or recycled oil ("RBO").

By "petroleum-derived oil" is meant an oil derived from petroleum which is generally useful for producing lubricants. This definition and the limitations on quantities present does not exclude the presence of other petroleum-derived products used for purposes such as thinning.

By "RBO" is meant used petroleum-derived oil which has been re-refined by:- 1. the acid/clay process, in which waste lubricant is first dewatered, then treated with concentrated sulphuric acid and a clay treatment carried out on the acid-treated, dehydrated oil; or 2. the use of a thin-film evaporator.

A typical RBO has the characteristics:- Density at 15°C 0.872 Viscosity at 40°C 35 Viscosity at 100°C 6.0 min Viscosity Index 104 Total Acid No. (mg KOH/g) 0.1 The type of alkyd used according to the invention is preferably a long oil alkyd based on soybean oil. The oil length is preferably from 50 to 90%. References in the Examples to quantity of alkyd used refer: 1 f v in the case of oil-based formulations to alkyd by itself; and in the case of water-based formulations to about one part alkyd resin solids to two parts latex resin solids, such latex resins being those conventionally used in the paint industry.

The emulsifiers used according to the invention are preferably ethylene oxide propylene oxide block copolymers or nonyl phenol ethylene oxide surfactants.

The R.B.O. emulsion is stabilised further using water soluble thickener.

Non-limiting examples of oil-based formulations according to the present invention include fence stains as follows:- 9 EXAMPLE 1 MISSION BROWN STAIN Composition Volume Weight % Alkyd resin FL63/70 cut in Shellsol 2046 Drier mixture Bentone 38 Shellsol 2046 Diacetone alcohol Bayer Brown Oxide 660 Talc TX RBO Exkin No. 2 Total Mass Total Volume Method of Preparation 136.1 ml of alkyd resin and 3.9 ml of the drier mixture were mixed using a high speed stirrer or cavitation mixer for five minutes. A slurry of 4.4 ml of Bentone 38 and 39.6 ml of Shellsol 2046 was then added to the resin mix when blended, followed by 25 ml of the diacetone alcohol. Mixing was continued for five minutes. The Bayer Brown pigment and talc were added under high speed stirring and mixing was continued for ten minutes. 42.0 ml of RBO and 0.3 ml of Exkin No. 2 was added gradually under high speed stirring and the viscosity was adjusted with Shellsol. This process yielded a "Mission Brown" fence stain with a theoretical specific gravity of 1.056. The 22. 7 0.7 0.7 24.4 4.2 2.1 4.9 40. 3 0.05 .8 0.6 1.2 18.8 3.6 8.2 12.6 34.1 0.05 633.8 g 600 ml formulation had a viscosity of between 35 and 40 sec./British Flow Cup "B"/25cC.

The alkyd resin used was a long-chain alkyd resin being 63% semi-drying oil penta alkyd with a 70% solids content in a high boiling hydrocarbon solvent, having a flash point above 61°C. Other alkyd resins may be used in substitution thereof.

The drier mixture used in the formulation was prepared from three driers as follows: Lead 24% lOOg Cobalt 6% 50g Manganese 6% 50g With 4 grams of this drier mixture, the metal content of the preceding four formulations, based on the alkyd oil was calculated to be: lead - 0.8%; cobalt - 0.1%; manganese - 0.1%;. These levels are typical for dark colour stains.

Exkin No. 2 (methyl ethyl ketoxime) is an anti-skinning agent used to promote stability of the formulations during storage and transport. Other similar anti-skinning agents may be substituted. 2 A 1 0 a li EXAMPLE 2 PINEWOOD GREEN STAIN: Composition Weight % Alkyd resin F163/70 cut in Shellsol 2046 20.6 Drier Mixture 0 . 6 Bentone 38 1.2 Shellsol 2046 18.5 Diacetone alcohol 3.6 Yellow Oxide 920 7.8 Black Universal Tinter 1.6 Talc TX 12.5 RBO 33.7 Exkin No. 2 0.05 Total Mass 641.8g Theoretical Volume 610ml Theoretical Specific Gravity 1.062 Viscosity (fresh) 40-45 sec./British Flow Cup "B"/25°C The method of preparation of this stain was essentially the same as that for the MISSION BROWN stain except that the addition of Black Universal Tinter was performed by a skilled colour tinter. Simply adding a specified quantity by weight or volume was too risky owing to the possible variations in strength of the yellow oxide base and with the precision required in measuring the black tinter. However, with very rigid process control, and repeat batch mixing, a level of accuracy of 90% or more on first addition may be obtained. Since Yellow Oxide 920 is a needle ^ '0 53 12 shaped pigment, the end product was rather more thixotropic than the other stains. However, the apparently "thicker" product gave a higher flow cup reading without detracting from ease of brushability.

EXAMPLE 3 WALNUT STAIN Composition Weight % Alkyd resin F163/70 cut in Shellsol 2046 20.9 Drier mixture 0.6 Bentone 38 1.2 Shellsol 2046 18.8 Diacetone alcohol 3.6 Bayer Light Brown Oxide 610 6.3 Bayer Brown Oxide 660 1.6 Talc TX 12.7 PBO 34.2 Exkin No. 2 0.05 Total Mass Theoretical Volume Theoretical Specific Gravity Viscosity (fresh) 631.8g 600ml 1.053 -40 sec./British Flow Cup "B"/25°C The method of preparation was essentially the same as that for the MISSION BROWN stain, although a blending of the pigments was required. 13 EXAMPLE 4 AMERICAN REDWOOD STAIN: Composition Alkyd resin F163/70 cut in Shellsol 2046 Drier Mixture Bentone 38 Shellsol 2046 Diacetone alcohol Bayer Yellow Oxide 960 Bayer Light Brown 610 Talc TX RBO Exkin No. 2 Total Mass Theoretical Volume Theoretical Specific Gravity Viscosity Weight % .8 0.6 1.2 18.8 3.6 6.3 1.9 12.6 34.1 0.05 633.8g 600ml 1.056 -40 sec./British Flow Cup "B"/25°C The method of preparation was essentially the same as for the MISSION BROWN stain.

Water-based products according to the invention may be made in three steps:- 1. the vehicle is mixed with petroleum-derived or recycled petroleum-derived oil in the presence of an emulsifier; 2. the product of step 1 is emulsified with water; and 3. the emulsion is mixed with further water and filler and, if desired, pigments.

The following Examples serve to illustrate this aspect of the invention. 24 1 053 14 EXAMPLE 5 (STEP 1) PRODUCT ALKYD R.B.O. MIXTURE Alkyd resin F163/70 Manganese 6% (drier) Cobalt 6% Exkin No. 2 (anti-skinning agent) R.B.O.

Teric ng (emulsifier) kg 336 7.5 3.8 0.8 548 30 SUPPLIER Frankston Manufacturing Hatrick Hatrick Hatrick Trifoleum I.C.I.

This amounted to 1000 litres Mixed well under highspeed stirring ("H.S.S.") for 10 minutes.

(STEP 2) ALKYD/R.B.0. EMULSION Water 43.5 Public Utility Natrosol 250 HR (thickener) .330g Hatrick Bevaloid 643 (defoamer) .080g Bevaloid Mixed well under H.S.S. for 5 minutes Added Ammonia 30% .080 I.C.I.

Mixed well under H.S.S. for 10 minutes Added slowly while mixing for 10 to 15 minutes Alkyd/R.B.O. Mixture 68 (from STEP 1) Mixed well under H.S.S. for 15 minutes Total mixture amounted to 112 kg. ' 1 0 5 (STEP 3) AMERICAN REDWOOD FENCE & TIMBER FINISH Water 464 Public Utility Natrosol 250 HR 8.8 Hatrick Bevaloid 2.8 Bevaloid Acticide PMODS AZ (fungicide) .550g Thor Mixed well under H.S.S. for 5 minutes Added Ammonia .550g I.C.I.

Mixed well under H.S.S. for 10 minutes Added Sodium Nitrite (anti-rust) 3.3 I.C.I.

Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate 3.3 Albright & Wilson (dispersant) Mixed well under H.S.S .for 5 minutes Added Bayer Yellow Oxide 56 Victor Leggo Bayer Light Brown 610 17 Victor Leggo Kaolin KG30 (filler) 55 Commercial Minerals Dispersed well under H.S.S. for 20 to 30 minutes Added slowly under H.S.S.

Acropol 63 - 847 (resin) 223 Hatrick Added slowly under H.S.S.

Alkyd/R.B.O. Emulsion 112 (from STEP 2) Added slowly under H.S.S.

Texanol (coalescent) 6 Swift or Eastman Added slowly under H.S.S.

Water 153 Public Utility Added slowly under H.S.S.

Ammonia 1.7 I.C.I.

Stirred Well (STEP 3 amounted to 1000 litres) \ 10 53 16 EXAMPLE 6 (STEP 1) ALKYD R.B.O. MIXTURE PRODUCT kC[ SUPPLIER Alkyd resin F163/70 336 Frankston Manufacturing Manganese 7.5 Hatrick Cobalt 6% 3.8 Hatrick Exkin No. 2 0.8 Hatrick R.B.O. 548 Trifoleum Teric ng I.C.I.

This amounted to 1000 litres Mixed well under H.S.S. for 10 minutes (STEP 2) ALKYD/R.B.0■ EMULSION Water 43.5 Public Utility Natrosol 250 HR .330g Hatrick Bevaloid 643 .080g Bevaloid Mixed well under H.S.S. for 5 minutes Added Ammonia 30% .080 I.C.I.

Mixed well under H.S.S. for 10 minutes Added slowly while mixing for 10 to 15 minutes Alkyd/R.B.O. Mixture 68 (from STEP 1) Mixed well under H.S.S. for 15 minutes Total mixture amounted to 112 kg. 17 (STEP 3) WALNUT FENCE & TIMBER FINISH Water 464 Public Utility Natrosol 250 HR 8.8 Hatrick Bevaloid 643 2.8. Bevaloid Acticide PMODS AZ .550g Thor Mixed well under H.S.S. for 5 minutes Added Ammonia -550g I.C.I.

Mixed well under H.S.S. for 10 minutes Added Sodium Nitrite 3.3 I.C.I.

Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate 3.3 Albright & Wilson Mixed well under H.S.S. for 5 minutes Added Bayer Light Brown 610 56 Victor Leggo Bayferrox 660 14 Victor Leggo Kaolin KG30 55 Commercial Minerals Dispersed well under H.S.S. for 20 to 30 minutes Added slowly under H.S.S.

Acropol 63 - 847 223 Hatrick Added slowly under H.S.S.

Alkyd/R.B.O. Emulsion 112 (from STEP 2) Added slowly under H.S.S.

Texanol 6 Swift or Eastman Added slowly under H.S.S.

Water 153 Public Utility Added slowly under H.S.S.

Ammonia 1.7 I.C.I.

Stirred Well (STEP 3 amounted to 1000 litres) 24 1 053 18 EXAMPLE 7 (STEP 1) ALKYD R.B.O. MIXTURE PRODUCT ka SUPPLIER Alkyd resin F163/70 336 Frankston Manufacturing Manganese 6% 7.5 Hatrick Cobalt 6% 3.8 Hatrick Exkin No. 2 0.8 Hatrick R.B.O. 548 Trifoleum Teric ng I.C.I.

This amounted to 1000 litres Mixed well under H.S.S. for 10 minutes (STEP 2) ALKYD/R.B.0. EMULSION Water Natrosol 250 HR Bevaloid 643 43.5 Public Utility .330g Hatrick . 080g Bevaloid Mixed well under H.S.S. for 5 minutes Added Ammonia 30% .080 I.C.I Mixed well under H.S.S. for 10 minutes Added slowly while mixing for 10 to 15 minutes Alkyd/R.B.O. Mixture 68 (from STEP 1) Mixed well under H.S.S. for 15 minutes Total mixture amounted to 112kg :> i o 19 (STEP 3) PINEWOOD GREEN FENCE & TIMBER FINISH Water 464 Public Utility Natrosol 250 HR 8.8 Hatrick Bevaloid 643 2.8 Bevaloid Acticide PMODS AZ .550g Thor Mixed well under H.S.S. for 5 minutes Added Ammonia .550g I.C.I.

Mixed well under H.S.S. for 10 minutes Added Sodium Nitrite 3.3 I.C.I.

Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate 3.3 Albright & Wilson Mixed well under H.S.S. for 5 minutes Added Yellow Oxide 70 Victor Leggo Black Universal Tinter 14 Victor Leggo Kaolin KG30 55 Commercial Minerals Dispersed well under H.S.S. for 20 to 30 minutes Added slowly under H.S.S.

Acropol 63 - 847 223 Hatrick Added slowly under H.S.S.

Alkyd/R.B.O. Emulsion 112 (from STEP 2) Added slowly under H.S.S.

Texanol 6 Swift or Eastman Added slowly under H.S.S.

Water 153 Public Utility Added slowly under H.S.S.

Ammonia 1.7 I.C.I.

Stirred Well (STEP 3 amounted to 1000 litres). '05 3 EXAMPLE 8 (STEP 1) ALKYD R.B.O. MIXTURE PRODUCT ka SUPPLIER Alkyd resin FL63/70 336 Frankston Manufacturing Manganese 6% 7.5 Hatrick Cobalt 6% 3.8 Hatrick Exkin No. 2 0.8 Hatrick R.B.O. 548 Trifoleum Teric ng I.C.I.

This amounted to 1000 litres Mixed well under H.S.S. for 10 minutes (STEP 2) ALKYD/R.B.O. EMULSION Water Natrosol Bevaloid 643 43.5 Public Utility .330g Hatrick .080g Bevaloid Mixed well under H.S.S. for 5 minutes Added Ammonia 30% 080 I.C.I Mixed well under H.S.S. for 10 minutes Added slowly while mixing for 10 to 15 minutes Alkyd/R.B.O. Mixture 68 (from STEP 1) Mixed well under H.S.S. for 15 minutes Total mixture amounted to 112kg. 24 1 0 5 3 21 (STEP 3) MISSION BROWN FENCE & TIMBER FINISH Water 464 Public Utility Natrosol 250 HR 8.8 Hatrick Bevaloid 643 2.8 Bevaloid Acticide PMODS AZ .550g Thor Mixed well under H.S.S. for 5 minutes Added Ammonia .550g I.C.I.

Mixed well under H.S.S. for 10 minutes Added Sodium Nitrite 3.3 I.C.I.

Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate 3.3 Albright & Wilson Mixed well under H.S.S. for 5 minutes Added Bayerferrox 660 76 Victor Leggo Kaolin KG30 55 Commercial Minerals Dispersed well under H.S.S. for 20 to 30 minutes Added slowly under H.S.S.

Acropol 63-847 223 Hatrick Added slowly under H.S.S.

Alkyd/R.B.O. Emulsion 112 (from STEP 2) Added slowly under H.S.S.

Texanol 6 Swift or Eastman Added slowly under H.S.S.

Water 153 Public Utility Added slowly under H.S.S.

Ammonia 1.7 I.C.I.

Stirred Well (STEP 3 amounted to 1000 litres).

MO 5 22 EXAMPLE 9 (STEP 1) ALKYD R.B.O. MIXTURE PRODUCT Alkyd resin F163/70 Manganese 6% Cobalt 6% Exkin No. 2 R.B.O.

Teric ng kg 336 7.5 3.8 0.8 548 SUPPLIER Frankston Manufacturing Hatrick Hatrick Hatrick Trifoleum I.C.I.

This amounted to 1000 litres Mixed well under H.S.S. for 10 minutes (STEP 2) ALKYD/R.B.O. EMULSION Water 43.5 Public Utility Natrosol 250 HR .330g Hatrick Bevaloid 643 .080g Bevaloid Mixed well under H.S.S. for 5 minutes Added Ammonia 30% .080 I.C.I.

Mixed well under H.S.S. for 10 minutes Added slowly while mixing for 10 to 15 minutes Alkyd/R.B.O. Mixture 68 (from STEP 1) Mixed well under H.S.S. for 15 minutes Total mixture amounted to 112kg 24 1 0 23 (STEP 3) WHITE FENCE & TIMBER FINISH Water 464 Public Utility Natrosol 250 HR 8.8 Hatrick Bevaloid 643 2.8 Bevaloid Acticide PMODS AZ .550g Thor Mixed well under H.S.S. for 5 minutes Added Ammonia ,5 50g I.C.I.

Mixed well under H.S.S. for 10 minutes Added Sodium Nitrite 3.3 I.C.I.

Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate 3.3 Albright & Wilson Mixed well under H.S.S. for 5 minutes Added Titanium Oxide R.H.D.2 200 Victor Leggo Kaolin KG30 55 Commercial Minerals Dispersed well under H.S.S. for 20 to 30 minutes Added slowly under H.S.S.

Acropol 63 - 847 223 Hatrick Added slowly under H.S.S.

Alkyd/R.B.O. Emulsion 112 (from STEP 2) Added slowly under H.S.S.

Texanol 6 Swift or Eastman Added slowly under H.S.S.

Water 153 Public Utility Added slowly under H.S.S.

Ammonia 1.7 I.C.I.

Stirred Well (STEP 3 amounted to 1030 litres approx). <- '■ 10 5 3 24 EXAMPLE 10 (STEP 1) ALKYD R.B.O. MIXTURE PRODUCT Alkyd resin FL63/70 Manganese 6% Cobalt 6% Exkin No. 2 R.B.O.

This amounted to 1000 litres Mixed well under H.S.S. for 10 minutes (STEP 2) ALKYD/R.B.0. EMULSION Water 43.5 Public Utility Natrosol 250 HR .330g Hatrick Bevaloid 643 .080g Bevaloid Mixed well under H.S.S. for 5 minutes Added Ammonia 30% .080 I.C.I.

Mixed well under H.S.S. for 10 minutes Added slowly while mixing for 10 to 15 minutes Alkyd/R.B.O. Mixture 68 (from STEP 1) Mixed well under H.S.S. for 15 minutes Total mixture amounted to 112kg. 24 1053 (STEP 3) EXAMPLES OF CLEAR FORMULAE FENCE & TIMBER FINISH Water 464 Public Utility Natrosol 250 HR 8.8 Hatrick Bevaloid 643 2.8 Bevaloid Acticide PMODS AZ .550g Thor Mixed well under H.S.S. for 5 minutes Added Ammonia .550g I.C.I.

Mixed well under H.S.S. for 10 minutes Added Sodium Nitrite 3.3 I.C.I.

Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate 3.3 Albright & Wilson Mixed well under H.S.S. for 5 minutes Added Kaolin KG30 55 Commercial Minerals Dispersed well under H.S.S. for 20 to 30 minutes Added slowly under H.S.S.

Acropol 63 - 847 167 Hatrick Added slowly under H.S.S.

Alkyd/R.B.O. Emulsion 168 (from STEP 2) Added slowly under H.S.S.

Texanol 6 Swift or Eastman Added slowly under H.S.S.

Water 153 Public Utility Added slowly under H.S.S.

Ammonia 1.7 I.C.I.

Stirred Well (STEP 3 amounted to 980 litres approx). ?4 10 53 26 EXAMPLE 11 (STEP 1) ALKYD R.B.O. MIXTURE PRODUCT Alkyd resin FL63/70 Manganese 6% Cobalt 6% Exkin No. 2 R.B.O.

Mixed well under H.S.S. for 10 minutes Added slowly while mixing for 10 to 15 minutes Alkyd/R.B.O. Mixture 68 (from STEP 1) Mixed well under H.S.S. for 15 minutes Total mixture amounted to 112kg. 24 1 0 5 3 27 (STEP 3) CLEAR FORMULA FENCE & TIMBER FINISH Water 464 Public Utility Natrosol 250 HR 8.8 Hatrick Bevaloid 643 2.8 Bevaloid Acticide PMODS AZ .550g Thor Mixed well under H.S.S. for 5 minutes Added Ammonia .550g I.C.I.

Mixed well under H.S.S. for 10 minutes Added Sodium Nitrite 3.3 I.C.I.

Acropol 63 - 847 195 Hatrick Added slowly under H.S.S.

Alkyd/R.B.O. Emulsion 140 (from STEP 2) Added slowly under H.S.S.

Texanol Added slowly under H.S.S.

Water 153 Public Utility Added slowly under H.S.S.

Ammonia 1.7 I.C.I.

Stirred Well (STEP 3 amounted to 980 litres approx). 2410 53 28 EXAMPLE 12 (STEP 1) ALKYD R.B.O. MIXTURE PRODUCT Alkyd resin FL63/70 Manganese 6% Cobalt 6% Exkin No. 2 R.B.O.

This amounted to 1000 litres Mixed well under H.S.S. for 10 minutes (STEP 2) ALKYD/R.B.0 . EMULSION Water 43.5 Public Utility Natrosol 250 HR .330g Hatrick Bevaloid 643 .080g Bevaloid Mixed well under H.S.S. for 5 minutes Added Ammonia 30% .080 I.C.I.

Mixed well under H.S.S. for 10 minutes Added slowly while mixing for 10 to 15 minutes Alkyd/R.B.O. Mixture 68 (from STEP 1) Mixed well under H.S.S. for 15 minutes Total mixture amounted to 112kg. 24 1 05 29 (STEP 3) CLEAR FORMULA FENCE & TIMBER FINISH Water 464 Public Utility Natrosol 250 HR 8.8 Hatrick Bevaloid 643 2.8 Bevaloid Acticide PMODS AZ .550g Thor Mixed well under H.S.S. for 5 minutes Added Ammonia .550g I.C.I.

Mixed well under H.S.S. for 10 minutes Added Sodium Nitrite 3.3 I.C.I.

Acropol 63 - 847 223 Hatrick Added slowly under H.S.S.

Alkyd/R.B.O. Emulsion 112 (from STEP 2) Added slowly under H.S.S.

Texanol 6 Swift or Eastman Added slowly under H.S.S.

Water 153 Public Utility Added slowly under H.S.S.

Ammonia 1.7 I.C.I.

Stirred Well (STEP 3 amounted to 980 litres approx). .30 Examples 13 to 17 illustrate a two-step process for making water-based products according to the invention: EXAMPLE 13 (STEP 1) OIL EMULSION kg VOLUME. 2% Thickener Soln 20.0 Water 60.0 Teric P E 68 (emulsifier) 3.3 Propylene Glycol 14.0 Ammonia 880 2.3 Dissolved under H.S.S in a 200 litre drum then R.B.O added slowly, stirred for 10 minutes to emulsify R.B.O 66.4 (STEP 2) MISSION BROWN FENCE & TIMBER FINISH 2% Thickener 60.0 60.0 Water 70.0 70.0 Teric N40 (nonyl phenol) 2.6 2.5 226/4 (pigment dispersing agent) 2.0 1.5 Defoamer 642 1.4 1.54 Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate 0.3 0.2 Whiting 150.0 54.15 Bayferrox (Bayer) 84.0 16.8 Kaolin 50.0 19.23 Then let down with F E 30/55 alkyd resin from Frankston Manufacturing, stirred for 2 minutes, then R.B.O. emulsion added. Stirred for 2 minutes.

F E 30/55 233.0 226.2 R.B.O. emulsion 166.0 182.7 Add the following in the order that they are given. -6DECW1 241053 31 Defoamer 642 1.4 1.54 Texanol (coalescent solvent) 6.0 6.22 Cosan (fungicide) 0.6 0.66 Sodium Nitrite 3.3 2.0 Viscosity adjusted by adding Water 53.4 53.4 2% Thickener Soln 380.0 380.0 264.0 1078.64 if O . , :< • *:■ • *• .! (■ *10 f /- < M U I J U *3 EXAMPLE 14 (STEP 1) OIL EMULSION kg VOLUME. 1 1°Ic Thickener Soln 20.0 Water 60.0 Teric P E 68 3.3 Propylene Glycol 14.0 Ammonia 880 2.3 Dissolved under H.S.S. in a 200 litre drum then R.B.O. added slowly, stirred for 10 minutes to emulsify.

R.B.O 66.4 (STEP 2) PINEWOOD GREEN FENCE & TIMBER FINISH 2% Thickener Soln 60.0 60.0 Water 70.0 70.0 Teric N40 2.6 2.5 226/40 2.0 1.5 Defoamer 642 1.4 1.54 Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate 0.3 0.2 Whiting 150.0 54.15 *Yellow Oxide 920 C 77.0 *Bayferrox 318m 16.0 16.8 Kaolin 50.0 19.23 The let down with F E 30/55. Stirred for 2 minutes then R.B.O. emulsion added. Stirred for 2 minutes.

F E 30/55 233.0 226.2 R.B.O. emulsion 166.0 182.7 K) \ Add the following in the order that they are given. * &DEC1"5 24105 33 Defoamer 642 1.4 1.54 Texanol 6.0 6.22 Cosan 0.6 0.66 Sodium Nitrite 3.3 2.0 Viscosity adjusted by adding: Water 53.4 53.4 2% Thickener Soln 380.0 380.0 1273.0 1078.64 i *• ■*\ EXAMPLE 15 (STEP 1) OIL EMULSION kg 2% Thickener Soln .0 Water 60.0 Teric P E 68 3.3 Propylene Glycol 14.0 Ammonia 880 2.3 VOLUME. 1 Dissolved under H.S.S. in a 200 litre drum then, R.B.O. added slowly, stirred for 10 minutes to emulsify.

R.B.O 66.4 (STEP 2) WALNUT FENCE & TIMBER FINISH 2% Thickener Soln 60.0 60.0 Water 70.0 70.0 Teric N40 2.6 2.5 226/40 2.0 1.5 Defoamer 642 1.4 1.54 Tetrapotassium Pyrophospahte 0.3 0.2 Whiting 150.0 54.15 Bayer Light Brown Oxide 610 62.0 Bayferrox 660 .5 (16.8) Kaolin 50.0 19.23 The let down with F E 30/55, stirred for 2 minutes then R.B.O. emulsion added. Stirred for 2 minutes.

F E 30/55 233.0 226.2 R.B.O. emulsion 166.0 182.7 Add the following in the order that they are given. " •AOtCl"5' 241 Defoamer 642 1.4 1 .54 Texanol 6.0 6.22 Cosan 0.6 0 .66 Sodium Nitrite 3.3 2.0 Viscosity adjusted by adding: Water 53.4 53 . 4 2% Thickener Soln 380 .0 380.i 12 57 . 5 1078. 24 1 36 EXAMPLE 16 (STEP 1) OIL EMULSION kg VOLUME. 1 2c/c Thickener Soln 20.0 Water 60.0 Teric P E 68 3.3 Propylene Glycol 14.0 Ammonia 880 2.3 Dissolved under H.S.S. in a 200 litre drum then R.B.O. added slowly. Stirred for 10 minutes to emulsify.

R.B.O 66.4 (STEP 2) AMERICAN REDWOOD FENCE & TIMBER FINISH 2% Thickener Soln 60.0 60.0 Water 70.0 70.0 Teric N40 2.6 2.5 226/40 2.0 1.5 Defoamer 642 1.4 1.54 Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate 0.3 0.2 Whiting 150.0 54.15 Bayer Yellow Oxide 960 C 62.0 Brown Oxide Water Base Tinter 19.0 (16.8) Kaolin 50.0 19.23 Then let down with F E 30/55. Stirred for 2 minutes, then R.B.O. emulsion added. Stirred for 2 minutes.

F E 30/55 233.0 226.2 R.B.O. emulsion 166.0 182.7 Add the following in the order that they are given. -6 0ECl^ 24 1 37 Defoamer 642 1.4 1.54 Texanol 6.0 6.22 Cosan 0.6 0 .66 Sodium Nitrite 3.3 2.0 Viscosity adjusted by adding: Water 53.4 5 3.4 2% Thickener Soln 380.0 380.0 1261.0 1078.64 t. i 38 EXAMPLE 17 (STEP 1) OIL EMULSION kg VOLUME. 1 2% Thickener Soln 20.0 Water 60.0 Teric P E 68 3.3 Propylene Glycol 14.0 Ammonia 880 2.3 Dissolved under H.S.S. in a 200 litre drum then R.B.O. added slowly. Stirred for 10 minutes to emulsify.

R.B.O 66.4 (STEP 2) CHARCOAL FENCE & TIMBER FINISH 2% Thickener Soln 60.0 60.0 Water 70.0 70.0 Teric N40 2.6 2.5 226/40 2.0 1.5 Defoamer 642 1.4 1.54 Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate 0.3 0.2 Whiting 150.0 54.15 Titanium Dioxide R H D 2 18.0 Bayferrox 318m 66.0 (16.8) Kaolin 50.0 19.23 Then let down with F E 30/55. Stirred for 2 minutes then R.B.O. emulsion added. Stirred for 2 minutes.

F E 30/55 233.0 226.2 R.B.O. emulsion 166.0 182.7 Add the following in the order that they are given. 6DECW 39 Defoamer 642 1.4 1. 54 Texanol 6.0 6. 22 Cosan 0.6 0 . 66 Sodium Nitrite 3.3 2.0 Viscosity adjusted by adding: Water 53.4 53.4 2% Thickener Soln 380 .0 380. i 1264.0 1078.64 24 1 0 5 40 Now follow a number of examples having miscellaneous applications: EXAMPLE 18 This recipe is designed to check the effect of R.B.O. emulsion on colour, drying, hardness and enamel recoatability of gloss 100% acrylic.

A Base R f 51* 133 ml = 256 g Viscopol 5337 236 g R.B.O. Emulsion 154 g Propylene Glycol 20 g Texanol 11 g Cosan MSA 1.5 g CB 643 (defoamer) 1.5 g 2% Thickener 24.0 g Water 24.0 g The R.B.O. Emulsion was made by mixing: 2% Thickener 20 g Water 58 g P E 68 3.3 g Propylene Glycol 16.0 g Ammonia 880 2.3 g R.B.O. 66.4g 166.0 ' From Standard Formula 51 Ik 10 53 41 EXAMPLE 19 Interior/Exterior Gloss Latex White ks Water 23.0 Propylene 24.2 Bevaloid 226/40 (drier) 1.9 Teric N40 2.4 Breox L85.80 (ethylene oxide propylene oxide block copolymer) 0.5 Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate 0.5 Defoamer 642 1.0 SCM RCL 575(Titanium Dioxide) 160 Glascol 970 (acrylic acid associative thickener) 18.8 Ammonia 880 0.3 Water 23.6 Viscopol 5337 (100% acrylic Latex 50% non-volatile) 280.0 R.B.O. Emulsion 134.0 2.0% Thickener 24.0 Propylene Glycol 20.0 Texanol 11.0 Cosan 1.5 Defoamer 642 1.5 2.0% Thickener 24.0 752.2 (Pale Tint Base) (The underlining indicates stirring for some time) 5 5 42 EXAMPLE 20 Interior/Exterior Low Sheen (Pale Tint Base) *2 Water 44.0 Propylene Glycol 24.2 Bevaloid 226/40 2.0 Teric N40 2.6 Breox L85.80 0.5 Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate 0.5 Defoamer 642 1.0 SCM RCL 575 160.0 Whiting Omya (grade) 5 111.0 Glascol 970 15.0 Ammonia 880 0.3 Water 23.6 Viscopol 5337 224.0 R.B.O. Emulsion 108.0 2.0% Thickener 24.0 Propylene Glycol 20.0 Texanol 9.0 Cosan 1.5 Defoamer 642 1.5 2.0% Thickener 49.0 821.7 (The underlining indicates stirring for some time) 43 EXAMPLE 21 Interior/Exterior Flat (Pale Tint Base) k3 Water 80.0 Propylene 24.2 Bevaloid 226/40 2.0 Teric N40 2.7 Breox L85.80 0.5 Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate 0.5 Defoamer 642 1.0 SCM RCL 575 160.0 Whiting 111.0 Silica 400 WQ 52.0 Mica DF 26.0 Glascol 970 12.0 Ammonia 880 0.3 Water 23.6 Viscopol 5337 180.0 R.B.O. Emulsion 86.0 2% Thickener 54.0 Propylene Glycol 20.0 Texanol 8.0 Cosan 1.5 Defoamer 642 1.5 2% Thickener 50.0 (The underlining indicates stirring from some time) H i U 44 EXAMPLE 22 Interior/Exterior Primer & Sealer kg Water 44.0 Propylene Glycol 24.2 Bevaloid 226/40 2.0" Breox L85.80 0.5 Teric N40 2.6 Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate 0.5 Defoamer 642 1.0 SCM RCL 575 160.0 Whiting 111.0 Glascol 970 .0 Ammonia 880 0.3 Water 23.6 Viscopol 5337 112.0 FE 30/55 112.0 R.B.O. Emulsion 112.0 2% Thickener 24.0 Propylene Glycol .0 Texanol 9.0 Cosan 1.5 Defoamer 642 1.5 2% Thickener 24.0 Universal Tint Red Oxide 800.7 (The underlining indicates stirring for some time) 24 1 0 5 3 45 EXAMPLE 23 Undercoat Low Sheen without Propylene Glycol kg Water 68.2 Bevaloid 226/40 2.0 Teric N40 2.6 Breox L85.80 0.5 Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate 0.5 Defoamer 642 1.0 SCM RCL 575 160.0 Whiting 111.0 Glascol 970 .0 Ammonia 880 CO o Water 23.6 Viscopol 5337 224.0 R.B.O. Emulsion 108.0 2% Thickener 24.0 Texanol 9.0 Cosan 1.5 Defoamer 642 1.5 2.0% Thickener 59.0 Water 10.0 (The underlining indicates stirring for some time) 46 EXAMPLE 24 Low Cost Fence Paint *2 2% Thickener Soln 30.0 Water 35.0 Teric N40 1.3 Breox L85.80 0.3 Bevaloid 226/40 1.0 Defoamer 642 0.7 Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate 0.1 Whiting 75.0 Bayferrox 42.0 Kaolin 25.0 FE 30/55 58.0 R.B.O. Emulsion 42.0 Defoamer 642 0.7 Texanol 1.5 Cosan 0.3 Sodium Nitrite 1.5 Water 177.0 2% Thickener 190.0 24 10 5 3 (The underlining indicates stirring for some time) Zh 1 0 47 EXAMPLE 25 Ranch Stain Semi-Transparent kg 2% Thickener Soln 30.0 Water 30.0 Teric N40 1.3 Breox L85.80 0.3 Bevaloid 226/40 0.9 Defoamer 642 0.7 Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate 0.1 Whiting 75.0 "Bayferrox 20.0 Kaolin 25.0 FE 30/55 107.0 R.B.O. Emulsion 76.0 Defoamer 0.7 Texanol 3.0 Cosan 0.3 Sodium Nitrite 1.5 Water 69.0 2% Thickener 190.0 (The underlining indicates stirring for some time)

Claims

24 10 5 48 It is to be understood that the foregoing examples are not limiting and merely illustrate several aspects of the invention. * H « U J j O / 4 ^ C" 49 " WHAT I CLAIM IS:

1. A paint or stain formulation incorporating up to 52.5% by weight (or 60% by volume) of a reclaimed engine oil.

2. An alkyd resin-containing paint or stain formulation which comprises:- • from 1 to 52.5% by weight of a reclaimed engine oil; • from 5 to 20% by weight (solids) of alkyd resin vehicle; • from 1 to 20% by weight of pigment(s); • from 15 to 40% by weight of conventional paint solvent(s); and, if desired, • from 10 to 20% by weight of gloss control agent.

3. A paint or stain formulation as claimed in claim 2 which comprises in addition other additives normally used in paint or stain formulations.

4. A water-based alkyd resin-containing paint or stain formulation which comprises:- • from 1 to 30% by weight of a reclaimed engine oil; • from 5 to 30% by weight (solids) of alkyd resin vehicle; • from 0 to 20% by weight of pigment(s); • from 0.5 to 10% by weight of emulsifier; and • balance water.

5. A paint or stain formulation as claimed in claim 4 which comprises in addition other additives normally used in paint or stain formulations. 24 105 50

6. A water-based petroleum-derived oil emulsion which comprises:- • from 1 to 30% by weight of a reclaimed engine oil, • from 5 to 30% by weight (solids) of alkyd resin vehicle, • from 0.5% to 10% by weight of emulsifier, • balance water, and, if desired, drying additives.

7. A method of making a water-based alkyd resin-containing paint or stain formulation as claimed in claims 4 or 5 which comprises • mixing the alkyd resin vehicle with the reclaimed engine oil in the presence of an emulsifier; • emulsifying the product of the first step with water; and • mixing the emulsion with further water and filler and, if desired, pigments.

8. A method of making a water-based alkyd resin-containing paint or stain formulation which comprises:- • mixing a reclaimed engine oil into a water solution containing an emulsifier; and • mixing the emulsion into a water solution containing alkyd resin and, if desired, pigments.

9. A paint or stain formulation substantially as herein described with reference to and as described in the accompanying examples. 241053 51

10. An alkyd resin-containing paint or stain formulation substantially as herein described with reference to and as described in the accompanying examples.

11. A water-based alkyd resin-containing paint or stain formulation substantially as herein described with reference to and as described in the accompanying examples.

12. A method of making a water-based alkyd resin-containing paint or stain formulation substantially as herein described with reference to and as described in the accompanying examples. BASSAM SHOMALI By his Attorney DON HOPKINS & ASSOCIATES / * * V -j o ; r 211JAU IbUb " f <'