NO177938B - Paper and their manufacture - Google Patents
Paper and their manufacture Download PDFInfo
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- NO177938B NO177938B NO913436A NO913436A NO177938B NO 177938 B NO177938 B NO 177938B NO 913436 A NO913436 A NO 913436A NO 913436 A NO913436 A NO 913436A NO 177938 B NO177938 B NO 177938B
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- pulp
- paper
- cellulose
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000011122 softwood Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011121 hardwood Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 ammonium ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010893 paper waste Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 18
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 18
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 18
- 235000018185 Betula X alpestris Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 235000018212 Betula X uliginosa Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 7
- 241000218657 Picea Species 0.000 description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 6
- 241000878003 Dendrolycopodium obscurum Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 102100031260 Acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase THEM4 Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 244000166124 Eucalyptus globulus Species 0.000 description 3
- 101000638510 Homo sapiens Acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase THEM4 Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 244000305267 Quercus macrolepis Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000183024 Populus tremula Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000218652 Larix Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005590 Larix decidua Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010410 dusting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H11/00—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
- D21H11/10—Mixtures of chemical and mechanical pulp
Landscapes
- Paper (AREA)
- Making Paper Articles (AREA)
- Sanitary Thin Papers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører mykt men samtidig sterkt papir som er basert på en blanding av en løwedmasse, en returpapirmasse og en mekanisk eller halvmekanisk cellulosemasse, eller en blanding derav og en sulfat- og/eller sulfittmasse, basert på barved, samt fremgangsmåte ved fremstilling derav. The present invention relates to soft but at the same time strong paper which is based on a mixture of a leafwood pulp, a recycled paper pulp and a mechanical or semi-mechanical cellulose pulp, or a mixture thereof and a sulphate and/or sulphite pulp, based on soft wood, as well as a method for producing the same.
Vanligvis ønskes det at mykt papir, eksempelvis tissuepapir skal være både mykt og sterkt. For å oppnå et godt kompromiss mellom kvalitets egenskaper, så som mykhet og styrke, på den ene side og økonomi på den andre, har man ved fremstilling av mykt papir, såsom tissuepapir, blandet forskjellig cellulosemasser av forskjellig opprinnelse og med forskjellige egenskaper. Den ene hovedbestanddel er vanligvis langfibret for å gi papiret styrke og den andre hovedkomponent er kortfibret for å gi papiret dets mykhet og ønskede absorpsj onnsegenskaper. Usually, it is desired that soft paper, for example tissue paper, should be both soft and strong. In order to achieve a good compromise between quality properties, such as softness and strength, on the one hand and economy on the other, in the production of soft paper, such as tissue paper, different cellulose masses of different origins and with different properties have been mixed. One main component is usually long fiber to give the paper strength and the other main component is short fiber to give the paper its softness and desired absorption properties.
Den langfibrete masse er vanligvis basert på barved, såsom furu eller gran, som er kjemisk delignifisert ved en sulfat- eller sulfittprosess. Den kortfibrete masse er vanligvis basert på løwed så som bjerk, eukalyptus, asp eller eik, som vanligvis er delignifisert ved en sulfat-prosess. I blant kan celluloseråvaren også i større eller mindre grad være basert på mekanisk eller halvmekanisk masse, så som slipemasse, TMP- og CTMP-masse, eller returpapirmasse. De langfibrete masser, såsom kjemisk masse fra gran eller furu har en fiberlengde på 3-3,5 mm og en fiberbredde på 0,04 mm. En kortfibret masse basert på bjerkesulfat har en midlere fiberlengde på 1,3 mm og en tykkelse ca. halvparten så stor som fibrene fra barved. Andelen av korte fibre, såkalt finstoff er stor. Mekanisk, halvmekanisk eller returfibermasse har en fiberlengde som vanligvis er kortere enn den kjemiske masse fra gran eller furu. Andelen av finstoff kan være stor. Ved fremstilling av mykt papir er det ønskelig å holde andelen av finstoff så lav som mulig for å nedsette støving. The long-fibre pulp is usually based on softwood, such as pine or spruce, which has been chemically delignified by a sulphate or sulphite process. The short-fibred pulp is usually based on larch such as birch, eucalyptus, aspen or oak, which is usually delignified by a sulphate process. In some cases, the cellulose raw material can also be based to a greater or lesser extent on mechanical or semi-mechanical pulp, such as abrasive pulp, TMP and CTMP pulp, or recycled paper pulp. The long-fibre pulps, such as chemical pulp from spruce or pine, have a fiber length of 3-3.5 mm and a fiber width of 0.04 mm. A short-fibre pulp based on birch sulphate has an average fiber length of 1.3 mm and a thickness of approx. half as large as the fibers from softwood. The proportion of short fibres, so-called fine matter, is large. Mechanical, semi-mechanical or recycled fiber pulp has a fiber length that is usually shorter than the chemical pulp from spruce or pine. The proportion of fines can be large. When producing soft paper, it is desirable to keep the proportion of fines as low as possible to reduce dusting.
For at massen skal ha passende papirdannende egenskaper blir den vanligvis underkastet maling eksempelvis i en hollender eller raffinør. Ved maling erholdes et papir med høy slitestyrke. Graden av maling blir vanligvis målt som massens awanningsmotstand i henhold til Schopper-Riegler (SCAN C 1965). Jo høyere °SR desto mer er massen malt. Allerede under fremstilling av cellulosemasse for papir erholder massen vanligvis en raffinering som utgjør opptil 10-20 °SR. In order for the pulp to have suitable paper-forming properties, it is usually subjected to painting, for example in a Dutchman or refiner. By painting, a paper with high wear resistance is obtained. The degree of paint is usually measured as the mass's dewatering resistance according to Schopper-Riegler (SCAN C 1965). The higher the °SR, the more the mass is ground. Already during the production of cellulose pulp for paper, the pulp usually receives a refining amounting to up to 10-20 °SR.
I forbindelse med fremstilling av tissuepapir kan de forskjellige massene raffineres hver for seg eller som blanding. Ved maling erholdes imidlertid ikke bare større strekkstyrke uten også en høyere strekkstivhet for papiret. I den etterfølgende tabell 1 er dette vist for laboratorieark av en blanding av 70% bjerkesulfat-og 30% furusulfatmasse. H. Hollmark har i TAPPI Journal 66 (2), 1983 sidene 97-99, beskrevet og funnet at et papirs strekkstivhet korrelerer meget vel med mykheten bestemt med panelprøvere. Jo lavere strekkstivhet desto høyere mykhet, ifølge testpanelet. I amerikansk patent 2.706.155 er beskrevet en fremgangsmåte ved fremstilling av mykt papir hvor man utgår fra en blanding av 25-70% eikemasse og en resterende del barvedmasse. Eikemassen er hovedsaklig umalt mens barved-massen er raffinert. I et eksempel er beskrevet en barvedsulfatmasse malt til 500 ml. CSF, hvilket tilsvarer 25 °SR, og deretter blandes med like store deler i det vesentlige uraffinerte sulfatmasse for å få et ønsket kompromiss mellom slitestyrke, rivstyrke, mykhet og absorpsjonmasser hos papiret. In connection with the production of tissue paper, the different pulps can be refined separately or as a mixture. By painting, however, not only greater tensile strength is obtained, but also a higher tensile stiffness for the paper. In the following table 1, this is shown for laboratory sheets of a mixture of 70% birch sulphate and 30% pine sulphate pulp. H. Hollmark has in TAPPI Journal 66 (2), 1983 pages 97-99, described and found that a paper's tensile stiffness correlates very well with the softness determined with panel testers. The lower the tensile strength, the higher the softness, according to the test panel. In American patent 2,706,155, a method for the production of soft paper is described, where one starts from a mixture of 25-70% oak pulp and a remaining portion of softwood pulp. The oak pulp is mainly unpainted, while the softwood pulp is refined. In one example, a softwood sulphate mass ground to 500 ml is described. CSF, which corresponds to 25 °SR, and is then mixed with equal parts of essentially unrefined sulphate pulp to obtain a desired compromise between abrasion resistance, tear strength, softness and absorption masses of the paper.
Fra sovjetisk patent nr. 779,489 er det kjent å fremstille et papir fra 40-60% bleket barvedsulfatmasse, 30-54% kjemisk raffinert aspevedmasse og 5-15% bjerkesulfatmasse som ytterligere er kjemisk raffinert for å øke papirets styrke. From Soviet patent no. 779,489 it is known to produce a paper from 40-60% bleached softwood sulfate pulp, 30-54% chemically refined aspen wood pulp and 5-15% birch sulfate pulp which is further chemically refined to increase the paper's strength.
I en artikkel i det sovjetiske tidsskriftet Sb. Tr. TsNIIB No 15: 72-77 (1978) er beskrevet laboratorieark fremstilt fra bartresulfittmasse, bartresulfatmasse og løwedsulfat-masse malt til 13-30 °SR som ble undersøkt med hensyn til absorpsjon, kompressibilitet, mykhet, slitestyrke, bulk og forlengelse. En trekomponentblanding bestående av 50% bartresulfatmasse (<25 °SR), 30% løvtresulfatmasse (20-21 °SR) og 20% barsulfittmasse (20-21 °SR) gav ifølge artik-kelen et tissuepapir med de beste egenskaper. In an article in the Soviet journal Sb. Tr. TsNIIB No 15: 72-77 (1978) describes laboratory sheets made from softwood sulphite pulp, softwood sulphate pulp and løwed sulphate pulp ground to 13-30 °SR, which were examined with regard to absorption, compressibility, softness, wear resistance, bulk and elongation. According to the article, a three-component mixture consisting of 50% softwood sulphate pulp (<25 °SR), 30% hardwood sulphate pulp (20-21 °SR) and 20% bar sulphite pulp (20-21 °SR) gave a tissue paper with the best properties.
I sovjetisk patent nr. 775,212 angis det at tissuepapir fremstilt fra en blanding av bartresulfatmasse, løwed-sulfatmasse og barvedsulfittmasse og som sammen ble malt opptil 23-25 °SR ble mykere hvis bartresulfatmassen på forhånd var malt til 18-20 °SR. In Soviet patent no. 775,212, it is stated that tissue paper made from a mixture of softwood sulfate pulp, löwed sulfate pulp and softwood sulfite pulp and which were ground together up to 23-25 °SR became softer if the softwood sulfate pulp was previously ground to 18-20 °SR.
Fra SU 1,008,324 er det kjent å fremstille typografisk papir med god opasitet og trykkfargeopptagningsevne fra en papirmasse som inneholder 30-40 vekt % bleket barsulfatmasse med en malegrad på 50-55 °SR og 60-70 vekt % løvtresulfat-masse med en malegrad på 30-35 °SR. From SU 1,008,324, it is known to produce typographic paper with good opacity and printing ink absorption capacity from a pulp containing 30-40% by weight bleached bar sulfate pulp with a grinding degree of 50-55 °SR and 60-70 weight% hardwood sulfate pulp with a grinding degree of 30 -35 °SR.
En fremgangsmåte for å gi papiret øket mykhet er å behandle papiret eller papirmassen med et fiber-fiberbindingsnedset-tingsmiddel, ofte betegnet som mykgjørere (de-bonding agent). Et fiber-fiberbindingsnedsettende middel utviser vanligvis en primær, sekundær, tertiær eller kvartiær ammoniumforbindelse som inneholder en hydrokarbongruppe med 8-30 karbonatomer og eventuelt ikke-ioniske hydrofile kjeder. Det er vanlig å kombinere den kationiske ammoniumforbindelse med en ikke-ionisk, overflateaktiv forbindelse. Slike fiber-fibernedsettende midler er blant annet beskrevet i de amerikanske patentskrifter nr. 3.554.862, 3.554.863 og 4.144.122 og i det britiske patent nr. 2.121.449. One method of giving the paper increased softness is to treat the paper or paper pulp with a fibre-fibre bond reducing agent, often referred to as softeners (de-bonding agent). A fiber-fiber debonding agent usually exhibits a primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary ammonium compound containing a hydrocarbon group of 8-30 carbon atoms and optionally non-ionic hydrophilic chains. It is common to combine the cationic ammonium compound with a non-ionic surfactant compound. Such fiber-fiber reducing agents are described, among other things, in US Patent Nos. 3,554,862, 3,554,863 and 4,144,122 and in British Patent No. 2,121,449.
Det fiber-fiberbindingsnedsettende middel senker betydelig styrken av bindingene mellom fibrene i papiret, mens mykheten øker. Dette fremgår av tabell 1 for laboratorieark av en blanding av 70% bjerkesulfatmasse og 30% furusulfatmasse. I det amerikanske patent nr. 4.795.530 har man forsøkt å løse ulempene med nedsettelse av styrke ved å anvende det fiber-fiberbindingsnedsettendemiddel kun til en del av tissuepapirets tykkelse, for på den måte å få en ubehandlet del av papiret med biholdelse av opprinnelig styrke. Av den etterfølgende tabell 1 fremgår det at forandringene i strekkstivhet og styrke hos papiret ved konvensjonell, økende maling av en masseblanding samt tilsetting av fiber-fiberbindingsnedsettende middel til den malte fiberblanding opphever hverandre. Når man øker malingen øker styrken og strekkstivheten proporsjonalt. Når man øker dosering av fiber-fiberbindingsnedsettende middel minsker strekkstivheten, men også styrken proporsjonalt. Det man vinner i styrke taper man således i mykhet og visa versa. Det finnet derfor et behov å kunne forbedre papirets mykhet og samtidig holde en god styrke. The fibre-fibre debonding agent significantly lowers the strength of the bonds between the fibers in the paper, while the softness increases. This is evident from table 1 for laboratory sheets of a mixture of 70% birch sulphate pulp and 30% pine sulphate pulp. In the US patent no. 4,795,530, an attempt has been made to solve the disadvantages of reduction of strength by applying the fiber-fiber bond reduction agent only to a part of the tissue paper's thickness, in order to obtain an untreated part of the paper with the maintenance of original strength . From the subsequent table 1, it appears that the changes in tensile stiffness and strength of the paper by conventional, increasing grinding of a pulp mixture and the addition of a fibre-fibre bond reducing agent to the ground fiber mixture cancel each other out. When you increase the amount of paint, the strength and tensile strength increase proportionally. When you increase the dosage of fiber-fiber bond-reducing agent, the tensile stiffness, but also the strength, decreases proportionally. What you gain in strength you lose in softness and vice versa. There was therefore a need to be able to improve the softness of the paper and at the same time maintain a good strength.
Det har nå overraskende vist seg at papir med forbedret kombinasjon av mykhet og styrke kan erholdes om papiret, som angitt i krav 1, er basert på en blanding av; a) en løvvedmasse, en returpapirmasse eller mekanisk, eller halvmekanisk cellulosemasse, eller en blanding derav, It has now surprisingly been shown that paper with an improved combination of softness and strength can be obtained if the paper, as stated in claim 1, is based on a mixture of; a) a hardwood pulp, a recycled paper pulp or mechanical or semi-mechanical cellulose pulp, or a mixture thereof,
55-90 vekt % av den totale cellulosemasse, idet løvvedmassen utgjør 55-90 vekt % av den totale cellulosemasse og som har en avvaningsmotstand som er mindre enn 25 °SR, og 55-90% by weight of the total cellulose mass, the hardwood mass constituting 55-90% by weight of the total cellulose mass and which has a dewatering resistance of less than 25 °SR, and
b) en sulfat- og/eller sulfittmasse basert på barved, som utgjør 10-45 vekt % av den totale cellulosemasse og som b) a sulphate and/or sulphite mass based on coniferous wood, which constitutes 10-45% by weight of the total cellulose mass and which
har en awanningsmotstand som er over 30 °SR. Forskjellen i awanningsmotstand mellom cellulosemassen (a) og (b) er fortrinnsvis mindre enn 10 °SR. Papiret kan fremstilles, som angitt i krav 8, ved at massen fremstilles av de ovenfor definerte cellulosemassene (a) og (b) i de ovenfor angitte mengder, hvoretter masseblandingen opptas på en wire og avvannes og tørkes på i og for seg kjent måte. has a dewatering resistance that is above 30 °SR. The difference in dewatering resistance between the cellulose mass (a) and (b) is preferably less than 10 °SR. The paper can be produced, as stated in claim 8, by the pulp being produced from the above-defined cellulose pulps (a) and (b) in the quantities specified above, after which the pulp mixture is taken up on a wire and dewatered and dried in a manner known per se.
I henhold til den foretrukne utførelsesform inneholder det myke papiret også et fiber-fiberbindingsnedsettende middel i en mengde på 0,05-2,5 vekt %, regnet på cellulosefibermengden. Et mykt papir ifølge oppfinnelsen utviser som tidligere nevnt et overraskende fordelaktig forhold mellom mykhet og styrke. For å oppnå denne effekt skal cellulosemassen (B) males til over 50 °SR, men helst ikke over 80 °SR da masser med så høy malegrad krever relativt store mengder fiber-fiberbindingsnedsettende middel for å oppnå en god mykhet i papiret. Fortrinnsvis utviser cellulosemasse (b) en malegrad på 35-60 °SR. Cellulosemassen (a) skal i det vesentlige forbli umalt eller males til mindre enn 25 °SR, fortrinnsvis til mindre enn 20 °SR. According to the preferred embodiment, the soft paper also contains a fiber-fiber debonding agent in an amount of 0.05-2.5% by weight, calculated on the cellulose fiber amount. A soft paper according to the invention exhibits, as previously mentioned, a surprisingly advantageous ratio between softness and strength. In order to achieve this effect, the cellulose pulp (B) must be milled to over 50 °SR, but preferably not over 80 °SR, as pulps with such a high grinding degree require relatively large amounts of fibre-fibre bond reducing agent to achieve a good softness in the paper. Cellulose pulp (b) preferably exhibits a grinding degree of 35-60 °SR. The cellulose mass (a) must remain essentially unground or ground to less than 25 °SR, preferably to less than 20 °SR.
Om den langfibrete masse (b) er erholdt fra sulfatprosessen eller sulfittprosessen spiller ingen avgjørende rolle. Om den stammer fra furu, gran eller annet bartre spiller heller ingen avgjørende rolle. Det er ønskelig at den males på en slik måte at så liten fiberavkortning som mulig oppnås. Ved denne maling erholdes fibre med høy fleksibilitet. For å dra nytte av den økede fleksibilitet i den langfibrete malte cellulosemasse tilsettes fortrinnsvis et fiber-fiberbindingsnedsettende middel som har som hensikt å nedsette den ved malingen erholdte styrkeøkning når massen danner et fiberark. Tilsetting av dette middel gjøres på en slik måte at det får mulighet til å innvirke på bindingene mellom fibrene. Fortrinnsvis skjer tilsatsen under et eller annet trinn under fremstilling av massen, men det er også mulig å tilsette det fiber-fiberbindingsnedsettende middel til cellulosemasse (a) og/eller cellulosemasse (b) eller til den våte, formede eller tørkede papirbane. Whether the long-fibre pulp (b) is obtained from the sulphate process or the sulphite process does not play a decisive role. Whether it originates from pine, spruce or other softwood does not play a decisive role either. It is desirable that it is ground in such a way that as little fiber shortening as possible is achieved. Fibers with high flexibility are obtained by this coating. In order to take advantage of the increased flexibility in the long-fibred milled cellulose pulp, a fibre-fibre bond-decreasing agent is preferably added, which aims to reduce the increase in strength obtained by painting when the pulp forms a fiber sheet. The addition of this agent is done in such a way that it has the opportunity to affect the bonds between the fibers. Preferably, the addition takes place during one or another step during the production of the pulp, but it is also possible to add the fiber-fiber bond reducing agent to cellulose pulp (a) and/or cellulose pulp (b) or to the wet, shaped or dried paper web.
Fremstilling av laboratorieark oa målmetoder Cellulosemasssene ble malt i en hollender i henhold til SCAN C 25:67 til ønsket awanningsmotstand, som ble bestemt i henhold til et Schopper-Riegeler apparat ifølge SCAN-norm C 18:65. I de tilfeller hvor man ikke ønsket å forandre cellulosemassens awanningsmotstand nevneverdig, ble denne våtdefibrert i henhold til SCAN 18:65. Production of laboratory sheets and other measuring methods The cellulose pulps were ground in a Dutcher according to SCAN C 25:67 to the desired dewatering resistance, which was determined according to a Schopper-Riegeler apparatus according to SCAN norm C 18:65. In those cases where it was not desired to significantly change the dewatering resistance of the cellulose mass, this was wet defibrated in accordance with SCAN 18:65.
Før arkforming ble cellulosemassene omrørt alternativt blandingen av cellulosemassen eventuelt i nærvær av et fiber-fiberbindingsnedsettende middel ved en masse-konsentrasjon på ca. 2 vekt % i løpet av 10 min. For arkfremstilling anvendes springvann med temperatur på 30 °C, hvis pH var justert til 6-7. Arkene ble tørket og kon-disjonert i henhold til SCAN P 2:75, hvoretter arkenes flatevekt ble bestemt ifølge SCAN P 6:63. For bestemmelse av slitestyrke og slitestivhet ifølge SCAN P 44:81, men med en strimmelbredde på 15 mm, ble anvendt et slitestyrkeapparat av type "Alwetron TH1", (Lorentzen & Wettre, Stockholm). Index for slitestyrke henholdsvis slitestivhet ble beregnet med divisjon med arkets flatevekt, for å eliminere flate-vektens innflytelse. Before sheet forming, the cellulose pulps were stirred, alternatively the mixture of the cellulose pulp, optionally in the presence of a fiber-fiber bonding reducing agent at a pulp concentration of approx. 2% by weight within 10 min. For sheet production, tap water with a temperature of 30 °C is used, the pH of which has been adjusted to 6-7. The sheets were dried and conditioned according to SCAN P 2:75, after which the basis weight of the sheets was determined according to SCAN P 6:63. For determination of wear resistance and wear stiffness according to SCAN P 44:81, but with a strip width of 15 mm, a wear resistance apparatus of the type "Alwetron TH1" was used (Lorentzen & Wettre, Stockholm). The index for abrasion resistance and abrasion stiffness was calculated by dividing by the surface weight of the sheet, in order to eliminate the influence of the surface weight.
Sammenligning Comparison
For sammenligning ble furusulfatmasse og bjerkesulfatmasse blandet. Massene malt i henhold til det som nedenfor er angitt ble blandet på en slik måte at 70 vekt % utgjordes av bjerkesulfatmasse og 30 vekt % av furusulfatmasse. Laboratorieark ble fremstilt som ovenfor beskrevet. De følgende resultater ble erholdt . For comparison, pine sulfate pulp and birch sulfate pulp were mixed. The pulps ground according to what is stated below were mixed in such a way that 70% by weight consisted of birch sulfate pulp and 30% by weight of pine sulfate pulp. Laboratory sheets were prepared as described above. The following results were obtained.
2 2
Av resultatene fremgår det at øket maling av masseblandirig kombinert med tilsetting av fiber-fiberbindingsnedsettende middel til den malte fiberblanding ikke i særlig grad påvirker forholdet mellom styrke og stivhet, se siste kolonne i tabellen. Når man øker malingen øker også styrken og slitestivheten proporsjonalt. Ved økende dosering av det fiber-fiberbindingsnedsettende middel minsker ikke bare slitestivheten, men også styrken proporsjonalt. Det man vinner i slitestyrke tapes i nedsatt mykhet og vise versa. From the results, it appears that increased grinding of the pulp mixture combined with the addition of fibre-fibre bond reducing agent to the ground fiber mixture does not particularly affect the ratio between strength and stiffness, see last column in the table. When you increase the amount of paint, the strength and wear resistance also increase proportionally. With increasing dosage of the fiber-fiber bond-reducing agent, not only the wear resistance but also the strength decreases proportionally. What you gain in durability is lost in reduced softness and vice versa.
Eksempel Example
En langfibret furusulfatmasse ble malt til henholdsvis 13, 16.5, 20, 27 og 45 °SR. 30 vektdeler av denne langfibrete masse ble blandet med 70 vektdeler kortfibret, våtdefibrert bjerkesulfatmasse, hvoretter det ble fremstilt laboratorieark. De følgende resultater ble erholdt. A long-fibred pine sulphate mass was ground to 13, 16.5, 20, 27 and 45 °SR respectively. 30 parts by weight of this long-fibre pulp was mixed with 70 parts by weight of short-fibre, wet-defibred birch sulphate pulp, after which laboratory sheets were produced. The following results were obtained.
Av resultatet fremgår det at forholdet styrke/stivhet hos papiret stort sett er konstant ved en awanningsmotstand på 13-27°SR for furumassen, men at dette forhold bedres vesentlig når det anvendes en furumasse med 45°SR. The result shows that the strength/stiffness ratio of the paper is largely constant at a dewatering resistance of 13-27°SR for the pine pulp, but that this ratio improves significantly when a pine pulp with 45°SR is used.
Det kan også sees at en masse inneholdende furumasse malt til en awanningsmotstand på 45°SR og som er tilsatt et fiber-fiberbindingsnedsettende middel gir et enda bedre forhold. It can also be seen that a pulp containing pine pulp milled to a dewatering resistance of 45°SR and to which a fibre-fibre bonding reducing agent has been added gives an even better ratio.
Eksempel 2 Example 2
En furusulfatmasse ifølge eksempel 1 og malt i henhold til det som nedenfor er angitt ble blandet med en kortfibret masse som utgjordes av en våtdefibrert eukalyptussulfat-masse. For arkforming ble anvendt en masseblanding av 70 % eukalyptus-sulfatmasse og 30 % malt furusulfatmasse. De følgende resultater ble erholdt. A pine sulphate pulp according to example 1 and ground according to what is stated below was mixed with a short-fibre pulp consisting of a wet-defibrated eucalyptus sulphate pulp. A pulp mixture of 70% eucalyptus sulphate pulp and 30% ground pine sulphate pulp was used for sheet forming. The following results were obtained.
Av tabell nevnt ovenfor kan man se at forholdet mellom slitestyrke og slitestivhet er fordelaktig når papiret er i henhold til foreliggende oppfinnelse. From the table mentioned above, it can be seen that the relationship between abrasion resistance and abrasion stiffness is advantageous when the paper is according to the present invention.
Eksempel 3 Example 3
En gransulfittmasse malt i henhold til det som nedenfor er angitt ble blandet med en kortfibret og våtdefibrert bjerke-sulf atmasse. For arkforming ble anvendt en masseblanding av 70% bjerkesulfatmasse og 30 % malt gransulfittmasse. De følgende resultater ble erholdt. A spruce sulphite pulp milled according to what is indicated below was mixed with a short-fibred and wet-defibrated birch sulphate pulp. A pulp mixture of 70% birch sulphate pulp and 30% ground spruce sulphite pulp was used for sheet forming. The following results were obtained.
Av den ovenfor viste tabell kan man se at forholdet mellom slitestyrke og slitestivheten også i dette eksemplet er fordelaktig når papiret er i henhold til foreliggende oppfinnelse. From the table shown above, it can be seen that the relationship between abrasion resistance and abrasion stiffness is also advantageous in this example when the paper is according to the present invention.
Eksempel 4 Example 4
En langfibret furusulfatmasse, malt som angitt nedenfor, ble blandet med kortfibret våtdefibrert bjerkesulfatmasse. For arklagning ble anvendt masseblanding av 80 % bjerke-sulf atmasse og 20 % malt furusulfatmasse. De følgende resultater ble erholdt. A long-fibre pine sulphate pulp, ground as indicated below, was mixed with short-fibre wet-defibrated birch sulphate pulp. For sheeting, a pulp mixture of 80% birch sulphate pulp and 20% ground pine sulphate pulp was used. The following results were obtained.
Av resultatene fremgår at forholdet mellom slitestyrke og slitestivhet er fordelaktig hvis papiret har en sammensetn-ing ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse. The results show that the relationship between wear resistance and wear stiffness is advantageous if the paper has a composition according to the present invention.
Eksempel 5 Example 5
En furusulfatmasse malt i henhold til det som nedenfor er angitt ble blandet med den kortfibrete og våtdefibrerte bjerkesulfatmasse. For arkforming ble anvendt en masseblanding av 60 % sulfatmasse og 40 % furusulfatmasse. De følgende resultater ble erholdt. A pine sulphate pulp milled according to what is stated below was mixed with the short-fibred and wet-defibrated birch sulphate pulp. For sheet forming, a pulp mixture of 60% sulphate pulp and 40% pine sulphate pulp was used. The following results were obtained.
Av resultatene fremgår at forholdet mellom slitestyrke og slitestivhet er fordelaktig hvis papiret har en sammensetn-ing ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse. The results show that the relationship between wear resistance and wear stiffness is advantageous if the paper has a composition according to the present invention.
Eksempel 6 Example 6
En furusulfatmasse malt i henhold til det som nedenfor er angitt ble blandet med en avsvertet returpapirbasert masse. Denne var fremstilt i et avsvertningsanlegg og returpapiret bestod av datalister, bøker, brosjyrer og lignende. For arkforming ble anvendt en masseblanding på 70 % returpapirmasse og 30 % malt furusulfatmasse. De følgende resultater ble erholdt. A pine sulfate pulp milled according to what is indicated below was mixed with a de-blackened waste paper-based pulp. This was produced in a de-inking plant and the return paper consisted of data lists, books, brochures and the like. For sheet forming, a pulp mixture of 70% recycled paper pulp and 30% ground pine sulphate pulp was used. The following results were obtained.
Av resultatene fremgår at forholdet mellom slitestyrke og slitestivhet er fordelaktig hvis papiret har en sammensetn-ing ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse. The results show that the relationship between wear resistance and wear stiffness is advantageous if the paper has a composition according to the present invention.
Eksempel 7 Example 7
En furusulfatmasse ble malt ifølge det som nedenfor er angitt og blandet med en våtdefibrert CTMP-masse. For arkforming ble anvendt en masseblanding av 70 % CTMP-masse og 30 % malt furusulfatmasse. De følgende resultater ble erholdt. A pine sulfate pulp was milled as described below and mixed with a wet-defibrated CTMP pulp. For sheet forming, a pulp mixture of 70% CTMP pulp and 30% ground pine sulphate pulp was used. The following results were obtained.
Av resultatene fremgår at forholdet mellom slitestyrke og slitestivhet er fordelaktig hvis papiret har en sammensetn-ing ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse. The results show that the relationship between wear resistance and wear stiffness is advantageous if the paper has a composition according to the present invention.
Claims (10)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE9002900A SE500524C2 (en) | 1990-09-12 | 1990-09-12 | Soft paper with high strength and process for its preparation |
Publications (4)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO913436D0 NO913436D0 (en) | 1991-09-02 |
| NO913436L NO913436L (en) | 1992-03-13 |
| NO177938B true NO177938B (en) | 1995-09-11 |
| NO177938C NO177938C (en) | 1995-12-20 |
Family
ID=20380335
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO913436A NO177938C (en) | 1990-09-12 | 1991-09-02 | Paper and their manufacture |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0478045B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE119595T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU636059B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2051218A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69107940T2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2069819T3 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI96335C (en) |
| NO (1) | NO177938C (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ239562A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE500524C2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE504030C2 (en) * | 1995-02-17 | 1996-10-21 | Moelnlycke Ab | High bulk spun lace material and absorbency as well as process for its preparation |
| SE505388C2 (en) * | 1995-11-24 | 1997-08-18 | Sca Hygiene Paper Ab | Soft, bulky, absorbent paper containing chemitermomechanical pulp |
| FI119562B (en) * | 2000-02-07 | 2008-12-31 | Upm Kymmene Corp | Fluff, process for making fluff, using fluff, and product made from fluff |
| CN100427680C (en) * | 2006-04-15 | 2008-10-22 | 永州湘江纸业有限责任公司 | High-temp. hot-pressing type bedding paper and its prodn. method |
| PT115562B (en) | 2019-06-03 | 2021-12-24 | Raiz Instituto De Investig Da Floresta E Papel | EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS PEEL PULP AND ITS PRODUCTION PROCESS FOR TISSUE PAPER PRODUCTS |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2706155A (en) * | 1951-10-24 | 1955-04-12 | Camp Mfg Company Inc | Absorbent paper |
| GB1117731A (en) * | 1963-09-17 | 1968-06-26 | Wycombe Marsh Paper Mills Ltd | Two-layer paper |
| SE7602750L (en) * | 1975-03-03 | 1976-09-06 | Procter & Gamble | USE OF THERMOMECHANICAL PULP FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF HIGH BULK TISSUE |
-
1990
- 1990-09-12 SE SE9002900A patent/SE500524C2/en unknown
-
1991
- 1991-08-27 NZ NZ239562A patent/NZ239562A/en unknown
- 1991-09-02 NO NO913436A patent/NO177938C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-09-10 DE DE69107940T patent/DE69107940T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-09-10 FI FI914269A patent/FI96335C/en active
- 1991-09-10 ES ES91202328T patent/ES2069819T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-09-10 EP EP91202328A patent/EP0478045B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-09-10 AT AT91202328T patent/ATE119595T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-09-11 AU AU83775/91A patent/AU636059B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1991-09-12 CA CA002051218A patent/CA2051218A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SE500524C2 (en) | 1994-07-11 |
| NO913436D0 (en) | 1991-09-02 |
| NO913436L (en) | 1992-03-13 |
| AU8377591A (en) | 1992-03-19 |
| NO177938C (en) | 1995-12-20 |
| AU636059B2 (en) | 1993-04-08 |
| NZ239562A (en) | 1992-11-25 |
| CA2051218A1 (en) | 1992-03-13 |
| EP0478045B1 (en) | 1995-03-08 |
| EP0478045A1 (en) | 1992-04-01 |
| SE9002900L (en) | 1992-03-13 |
| ES2069819T3 (en) | 1995-05-16 |
| DE69107940T2 (en) | 1995-07-13 |
| DE69107940D1 (en) | 1995-04-13 |
| FI96335C (en) | 1996-06-10 |
| FI914269A (en) | 1992-03-13 |
| SE9002900D0 (en) | 1990-09-12 |
| ATE119595T1 (en) | 1995-03-15 |
| FI96335B (en) | 1996-02-29 |
| FI914269A0 (en) | 1991-09-10 |
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