NO167278B - Fremgangsmaate for fremstilling av aromatiske hydrokarboner - Google Patents

Fremgangsmaate for fremstilling av aromatiske hydrokarboner Download PDF

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NO167278B
NO167278B NO874614A NO874614A NO167278B NO 167278 B NO167278 B NO 167278B NO 874614 A NO874614 A NO 874614A NO 874614 A NO874614 A NO 874614A NO 167278 B NO167278 B NO 167278B
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charger
relay
battery
relays
activated
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NO874614A
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David John Harry Smith
William Terence Woodfin
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British Petroleum Co Plc
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Description

Ladeutstyr for akkumulator-batterier for parkeringsplasser.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår ladeutstyr for akkumulator-batterier for parkeringsplasser, og spesielt da ladeutstyr som egner seg for selvbetjening og som derfor er forsynt med en betalingsauto-mat .
Kjente ladeapparater kan utstyres med betalingsautomater, det vil si et forskuddsbetalings-apparat, men de fleste slike kombinasjoner vil kreve for megen teknisk viten av selvbetjeningskunden idet det forutsettes at kunden kjenner akkumulatorens nominelle spenning og dessuten at han kan koble ladeapparatet til akkumulatoren med riktig polaritet.
Det er dessuten kjent en akkumulatorlader med spesielt utstyr som sørger for riktig polaritet på koblingen mellom akkumulatoren og ladeapparatet uansett hvordan akkumulatoren kobles til tilkoblings-klemmene. Et slikt kjent ladeapparat kan dessuten- være forsynt med tidsmåleutstyr samt med indikatorer som melder fra f.eks. når akkumulatoren er ferdig oppladet (jfr. US patent nr. 3 217 225). Et slikt kjent ladeapparat har imidlertid den ulempe at det ved siden av å være relativt kostbart og elektronisk sett ganske komplisert opp-bygget med tilsvarende mange feilkilder, har en slik konstruksjon at en feilaktig bruk av apparatet f.eks. ved at ladeapparatet startes før det tilkobles, en akkumulator eller ved at akkumulatoren fjernes før ladeapparatet slås av, vil kunne skade selve ladeapparatet.
Formålet ved foreliggende oppfinnelse er derfor å frembringe et enkelt og rimelig ladeapparat som er enkelt i bruk og hvor unormal betjening hverken vil være særlig godt egnet fdr ladeautornater fordi de sjelden vil oppvise driftsproblemer idet de kan betegnes som "idiotsikre" i bruk samtidig som konstruksjonen er enkel med få feilkilder. Og blant kravene som stilles til et slikt apparat kommer i første rekke at det må være driftsikkert og upåvirkelig av både polaritet og akkumulatorsperining.
For å gi en klarere forståelse av oppfinnelsen vil det nedenfor bli gitt en detaljert beskrivelse av en utførelse i henhold til oppfinnelsen under henvisning til det ledsagende koblingsskjema.
Figuren viser en hovedlikeretter 1 av kjent konstruksjon som gir 18 volts likestrøm, et kontroll- og kassautstyr 2 samt et batteri 3
for opplading. Den følgende beskrivelse angår spesielt kassautstyr-et 2. Referansenummer 4 er et vanlig parkometerur med en maksimum løpe-tid av 8 timer valgbar i henhold til det antall mynter som puttes inn. Nevnte ur er i tillegg forsynt med en flaggkontakt KF og en mynt-kontakt KM. Etter at myntene er puttet inn, holder flaggkontakten seg stengt inntil den tid som tilsvarer det antall mynter som er puttet inn er utløpt, mens myntkontakten holdes stengt omtrent 1 sekund under påleggingen av mynter. Nevnte kontakter er koblet i serie med lade-strømmen, mens kontakt KM er shuntet med en kontakt Kli, styrt av et relé Kl som beskrives nedenfor..'
To motstander 5 og 6 er også koblet i serie med ladestrømmen.
Motstand 6 er en temperatur-avhengig motstand, f.eks. en filament-type lampe for 6 volt og 50 watt, og dette bevirker at ladestrømmen ved 12 volt-batteriet øker noe mot slutten av ladeperioden således at antallet av watt-timer som ydes pr. myntenhet ved en ladetid på flere timer, blir omtrent det samme for batterier på 6 og 12 volt. Hvis ladestrømmen står på, brukes spenningsfallet over motstandene 5 og 6 til å aktivere releet Kl via den regulerbare motstand 7.
En arbeidskontakt Kil er parallellkoblet med puls-kontakt KM og en annen arbeidskontakt K12 fører + potential til en indikator L2 som kan være en lampe eller en annen visuell indikator som viser at det går en ladestrøm.
Kontaktene KF og KM er forbundet med en høyohmig motstand 8 gjennom hvilken + potentialet føres til en annen indikator LI via en kontakt K32 på et rele K3, mens - potentialet overføres til nevnte indikator via en kontakt K21 på et relé K2. Nevnte indikator aktiveres når likeretteren er tilkoblet nettspenningen,.men intet batteri er tilkoblet, det vil si den viser at likeretteren er klar til bruk.
Viklingene på de to releer K2 og K3 er seriekoblet gjennom en temperaturavhengig motstand 9\ Denne motstand yder ved høy belastning en markert høyere motstand énn ved lave strømstyrker, sålédes at reléene som skal koble over ved ca. k volt når de forbindes med et utladet 6 volt batteri, ikke blir overbelastet når de forbindes med et oppladet 12 volt batteri, det vil si med mere enn.lt volt. Viklingene til releene K3 og K2 er henholdsvis shuntet av diodene 10 og 11. Nevnte dioder er koblet ,i motsatte retninger således at når man forbinder pluss-polen på.et batteri til terminal 12 og minus-polen til terminal 13, så blir relé K3 aktivert, mens man ved å forbinde med motsatt polaritet, aktiverer relé K2.
Ladestrømindikator-reléet Kl er også seriekoblet med en temperaturavhengig motstand. Dette er nødvendig fordi; spenningsfallet over motstandene 5 og 6 benyttes til å ehergisére nevnte seriekrets og fordi forholdet mellom den opprinnelige ladestrøm for et 6 V-batteri og den endelige ladestrøm for et 12 V-batteri kan være 4:1. Og i de ulike tilfelle bør relé Kl operere med en viss sikkerhetsfaktor, eller ikke bli overbelastet.
Virkemåten tii utstyret forklares mere detaljert nedenfor. Følgende faser foreligger: a) Apparatet klar til bruk: Likeretter 1 avgir spenning til ter-minalene + og r . Kontaktene KF og KM er.åpne. Indikator LI.er aktivert via terminal +, motstand 8, kontakt K32, indikator, kontakt K21, terminal t Ladéterminalene 12 og 13 er ikke spenhingsførendé. b) Batteriet forbindes med ladeapparatet: Det kan forekomme to tilfeller: b^) - polen på batteriet forbindes med terminal 12 og + polen med terminal 13:. Relé K2 aktiveres, kontakt K21 bryter spenningen fra indikator LI. Kontakt K22 forbinder f polen på likeretter 1 med tilkoblingsterminal 12, kontakt K23 forbinder + polen på likeretteren med terminal 13. Ladestrømmen går ikke enda.
b2) + polen på batteriet forbindes med terminal 12 og t polen med terminal 13: Relé K3 aktiveres, kontakt K32 bryter spenningen til
indikator LI. Kontakt K31 forbinder + polen på likeretter 1 med tilkoblingsterminal 12. Kontakt K33 forbinder polen på likeretter 1 med tilkoblingsterminal 13. Men ladestrømmen løper enda ikke. c) Putte på mynten(e): Flagg-kontakten KF sluttes, myntkontakten KM sluttes ganske kort tid (omtrent 1 sekund), derved startes lade-strømmen som løper som beskrevet ovenfor under b). På grunn av spenningsfallet over motstandene 5 og 6 aktiveres relé Kl og reléets kontakt Kli shuntes dermed over myntkontakten KM, mens kontakten K12 fører + potential til indikator L2. d) Ladetiden utløpt: Når ladetiden, bestemt av det antall mynter som er puttet inn, er oppbrukt, åpner flagg-kontakten. Ladestrømmen
brytes, relé Kl får ingen strømtilførsel, indikator L2 energiseres ikke. Releet aktivert i henhold til b-^) eller b2) forblir energisert inntil batteriet er frakoblet. Hvis dette skjer, mister releene K2 henholdsvis K3 strømtilførselen og indikator LI signaliserer "klar for tilkobling" som nevnt under a).
e) Batteriet fjernes før den valgte tiden er utløpet: Brytes ladestrømmen ved en tilkoblingsterminal, vil relé Kl bli strømløst og
likeretteren frakobles ved kontakt Kil, det vil si at tilkoblingskon-taktene blir strømløse. Samtidig blir også releene K2 og K3 strømløse og apparatet er atter "klar for tilkobling" som ovenfor under a),
bortsett fra at flagg-kontakten fremdeles er stengt. Et nytt batteri kan tilkobles, men for å starte ladestrømmen er det nødvendig å legge på en mynt for å slutte mynt-kontakten KM et øyeblikk. På denne måten vil uforbrukt ladetid, som er betalt for men ikke oppbrukt, komme
nestemann tilgode, men bare såfremt han putter på en ny mynt.
Av ovenstående vil det fremgå at ladeapparatet er nær idiotsikkert For å hindre en kunde fra å putte på mynter før batteriet er tilkoblet, hvilke mynter muligens ikke ville bli helt oppbrukt på grunn av den begrensede maksimale ladetid (for å starte ladeapparatet er
det allerede nødvendig å legge på en mynt), kan apparatet forsynes med en myntspalteåpning med stengeanordning som bare åpner mynt-spalten når et batteri er blitt tilkoblet og indikator LI er strøm-løs .
Apparatet er spesielt egnet for bruk på parkeringsplasser hvor bilene står parkert i flere timer, såsom parkeringsplasser for fir-maer, på campingplasser eller på vintersports-steder.

Claims (6)

1. Ladeapparat for akkumulatorbatterier egnet for selvbetjening på
parkeringsplasser, hvilket ladeapparat omfatter to polariserte releer (K2, K3) som er koblet over ladeapparatets batteriklemmer (C^jC!^)» hvilke releer virker slik at ved én polaritet av det tilkoblede akkumulatorbatteri (3) vil det første relé aktiveres mens ved motsatt polaritet vil det andre relé energiseres og i begge tilfelle vil det aktiverte relé besørge en polaritetsriktig tilkobling av akkumulatoren, hvilket ladeapparat dessuten omfatter utstyr for automatisk å påvirke ladestrømmen, karakterisert ved at reléenes viklinger er koblet i serie med hverandre mens begge viklingene er shuntet av hver sin motsatt rettede diode (10, 11), at reléene styrer kontakter som sørger for at begge ladeapparatets batteriklemmer bare er spenningsførende når et akkumulatorbatteri (3) er tilkoblet disse klemmer, og at anordningen for påvirkning av ladestrømmen på i og for seg kjent måte omfatter en vanlig motstand (5) og en temperatur-avhengig motstand (6) som begge er anbragt i ladestrømkretsen, hvorved det oppnås at hverken akkumulatorbatteriet eller selve ladeapparatet skades uansett i hvilken rekkefølge ladeapparatets ytre tilkoblinger betjenes og uansett akkumulatorbatteriets nominelle spenning.
2. Ladeapparat ifølge krav 1,karakterisert ved a t det omfatter ytterligere ett relé (Kl) gjennom hvis vikling en del av ladestrømmen passerer, at dette relé aktiveres av en myntstyrt kontakt (KM) hvoretter det går i holdekobling over en av sine egne kontakter som er parallellkoblet med den myntstyrte kontakt.
3. Ladeapparat ifølge krav 1 eller 2,karakterisert ved at det omfatter en indikator (LI) som når den blir aktivert indikerer at apparatet er klart for tilkobling, og som når den der-etter blir passivisert indikerer ad visuell vei at polaritetstesten er fullført og at ladeapparatet kan startes ved å legge på en mynt.
4. Ladeapparat ifølge krav 3,karakterisert ved a t det dessuten omfatter en annen indikator (L2) som aktiveres av selve ladestrømmen.
5. Ladeapparat ifølge et av kravene 2-4, karakterisert ved at det innbefatter en anordning for å forebygge at mynter blir puttet i apparatet før et batteri er koblet til, hvorved sikres at operasjonene foretas i riktig rekkefølge.
6. Ladeapparat ifølge et av kravene 2-5, karakterisert ved at det innbefatter sterkt temperaturavhengige motstander koblet i serie med reléviklingene for å tillate, ved hjelp av motstanden som er avhengig av strømbelastningen, at reléene kan opereres av en lav spenning tilført seriekoblingen av en temperaturavhengig motstand og reléet,samtidig som koblingen sørger for at reléene ikke overbe-lastes av en høy spenning tilført denne seriekoblingen.
NO874614A 1986-11-06 1987-11-05 Fremgangsmaate for fremstilling av aromatiske hydrokarboner NO167278C (no)

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ZA878352B (en) 1989-07-26
AU601776B2 (en) 1990-09-20
NO167278C (no) 1991-10-23
EP0269297B1 (en) 1991-04-03
EP0269297A1 (en) 1988-06-01
DE3769094D1 (de) 1991-05-08
JPH0825912B2 (ja) 1996-03-13
CA1294631C (en) 1992-01-21
NZ222440A (en) 1990-07-26
AU8063887A (en) 1988-05-12
GB8626532D0 (en) 1986-12-10
NO874614L (no) 1988-05-09
US4806699A (en) 1989-02-21
NO874614D0 (no) 1987-11-05
JPS63225324A (ja) 1988-09-20

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