NO165955B - Fremgangsmaate ved fremstilling av en kompositt av keramisk materiale og metall (cermet), og anvendelse av kompositten. - Google Patents

Fremgangsmaate ved fremstilling av en kompositt av keramisk materiale og metall (cermet), og anvendelse av kompositten. Download PDF

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Publication number
NO165955B
NO165955B NO840550A NO840550A NO165955B NO 165955 B NO165955 B NO 165955B NO 840550 A NO840550 A NO 840550A NO 840550 A NO840550 A NO 840550A NO 165955 B NO165955 B NO 165955B
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plug
expansion
gripping means
inner end
incisions
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NO840550A
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NO165955C (no
NO840550L (no
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Jean Marie Fresnel
Pierre-Etienne Debely
Jean-Pierre Waefler
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Moltech Invent Sa
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/009After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/64Burning or sintering processes
    • C04B35/65Reaction sintering of free metal- or free silicon-containing compositions
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/45Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
    • C04B41/50Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
    • C04B41/51Metallising, e.g. infiltration of sintered ceramic preforms with molten metal
    • C04B41/515Other specific metals
    • C04B41/5155Aluminium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/80After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
    • C04B41/81Coating or impregnation
    • C04B41/85Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
    • C04B41/88Metals
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/05Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
    • C22C1/051Making hard metals based on borides, carbides, nitrides, oxides or silicides; Preparation of the powder mixture used as the starting material therefor
    • C22C1/053Making hard metals based on borides, carbides, nitrides, oxides or silicides; Preparation of the powder mixture used as the starting material therefor with in situ formation of hard compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/10Alloys containing non-metals
    • C22C1/1036Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25CPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • C25C3/08Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24149Honeycomb-like

Description

Ekspans jonsplugg.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår en ekspansjonsplugg av elastisk material, fortrinnsvis plast, som er ment til på en enkel måte å muliggjore permanent fastsetting av forskjellige gjenstander, så som toalettskåler, vaskeservanter, skap, ledninger, ror og lignende til gulv, vegger og tak i bygninger eller lignende ved tilsammen med en skrue eller lignende å anvendes i sylindriske hull, hvilke er i det vesentlige like dype som pluggen er lang.
Ved fastsetting av forskjellige gjenstander på vegger av betong eller lignende material, har det tidligere vært vanlig forst å utta hull i veggen på den plass der gjenstanden skal fastsettes, siden fylle disse hull med pluggmasse eller en treplugg og deretter skru inn festeskruer i de fylte hull. Denne fremgangsmåte er meget tidsbdende og besværlig og derfor dyr. Dessuten har i det minste treplugger en viss tendens til å sprenge veggen i stykker og dette særlig om denne består av lettbetong.
I anledning herav har man på den senere tid blant annet gått over til å anvende plastplugger og derved særlig en plastplugg, som er forsynt med fra pluggens to ender utgående, i forskjellig plan beliggende og hverandre overlappende slisser, hvilke i kombinasjon med et konisk hull frembringer en plugg med meget gode ekspansjonsegenskaper. Anvendes nemlig en slik plugg sammen med en vesentlig sylindrisk eller svakt konisk skrue erholder den indre ende av pluggen en meget kraftig ekspansjon, samtidig som den ytre ende av pluggen erholder en noe svakere ekspansjon.
Ved å gå ut fra ovennevnte kjente forhold, er det i henhold til foreliggende oppfinnelse konstruert en plugg som særpreges av kombinasjonen av slisser som på i og for seg kjent måte går ut fra de to ender av pluggen, overlapper hverandre og ligger i forskjellige planjet ikke gjennomgående, fortrinnsvis konisk hull som går ut fra den ytre ende av pluggenj samt, for dannelse av tannlignende gripeorganer, storre innskjæringer utformet ved pluggens indre ende mot planet for den sliss som går ut fra pluggens indre ende og mindre innskjæringer utformet ved pluggens ytre ende i de partier av pluggen som ligger mellom de innbyrdes overlappende slisser.
Pluggen i henhold til oppfinnelsen fremviser like overfor den ovenfor forst beskrevne plugg vesentlige fordeler. For det f5rste erholdes gjennom kombinasjonen av det ikke gjennomgående hull, den fra pluggens indre ende utgående sliss og de ved pluggens indre ende gjennom de storre innskjæringer dannede tannlignende gripeorganer et meget kraftig fastholdende grep. Ved at pluggen dessuten er forsynt med en fra pluggens ytre ende utgående sliss, som overlapper den andre sliss, er det mulig å anvende relativt grove skruer som gir pluggen en god ekspansjon langs dens hele lengde, hvorved dog ekspansjonen ved den ytre enden, takket være det fortrinnsvis koniske hull, blir mindre enn ved den indre ende, hvorigjennom unngås at hullkantene i den vegg hvor pluggen anvendes presses i stykker. De ved de mindre innskjæringene ved pluggens ytre ende dannede mindre tannlignende gripeorganer gir ved den mindre radielle ekspansjon, som her erholdes, et bedre grep, enn det som skulle erholdes, om pluggen var tildannet med bare store gripeorganer langs hele sin lengde. Ved at slissene overlapper hverandre er det videre mulig for pluggen å velge et relativt stivt material, men til tross for dette å erholde en så god radiell ekspansjon, at de tannlignende gripeorganer med sikkerhet trenger inn.i det omgivende veggmaterial. Denne inntrengning underlettes dessuten ytterligere av materialets stivhet.
Oppfinnelsen skal beskrives nærmere i det fblgende under henvisning til de vedfbyde tegninger, hvilke som et eksempel viser en foretrukket utfbrelsesform av pluggen i henhold til oppfinnelsen.
Fig. 1 viser herved et sideriss av pluggen.
Fig. 2 viser et annet sideriss, vridd 90° i forhold til risset i fig. 1. Fig. 3 viser et enderiss av pluggen, sett fra den ved bruken ytre ende av den samme. Fig. h viser pluggen anvendt for fastsetting av en plate ved en vegg. Fig. 5 viser den ytre ende av pluggen, vridd h5° i forhold til den i fig. h viste stilling av den samme. Fig. 6 viser til slutt en enhet med fem plugger, sammenhengende med en ved formsprbytingen av den samme som innlbpskanal tjenende plate.
Den illustrerte plugg 1 er tildannet med en rund bunn 2 og et svakt konisk hull 3. Videre er pluggen 1 tildannet med to gjennomgående, fra pluggens to ender utgående, i forskjellige plan liggende og hverandre overlappende slisser k og 5« Disse slisser bevirker som nevnt i kombinasjon med det koniske hull 3 meget gode ekspansjonsegenskaper for pluggen, hvorved blant annet ekspansjonen ved pluggens indre ende blir vesentlig kraftigere enn den samme ved den ytre ende. Fire rygger 6 er anordnet for å bevirke en ekstra motstand mot vridning av pluggen i det hull hvori den anvendes.
Ved visse installasjoner, f.eks. den i fig. *+ og 5 viste, er det fordelaktig at flensen 7 som en krave er anordnet rundt kanten på det for pluggen uttatte hull og herigjennom tjenestegjor som stoppeflens. Ved andre installasjoner onsker man derimot å unngå den ytre krave. Ved den innvirkbare krave kan herved hele pluggen innfores i hullet.
Pluggen er videre forsynt med ved hjelp av storre innskjæringer 8 ved dens indre ende dannede, storre tannlignende griperorganer 9
og ved hjelp av mindre innskjæringer 10 ved dens ytre ende dannede, mindre likeledes tannlignende gripeorganer 11. Endelig er pluggen utformet med en avstivningslist 12, som i fig. 1 vises med sin ovre begrensningslinje parallell med slissen k, men som cgså som antydet med den punkterte linje 13kan være tildannet.med en utover tiltagende hoyde. Alternativt kan innskjæringene 8 i sin helhet være tildannet med utover avtagende dybde.
I fig. k og 5 illustreres hvorledes pluggen i henhold til oppfinnelsen anvendes sammen med en skrue 1>+ for fastsetting av en plate eller skive 15 ved en vegg 16, hvorved fig. •+ viser de indre, grovere tannlignende gripeorganers 9 inngrep i veggen 16
og fig. 5 visar de ytre gripeorganers 11 inngrep dels i selve veggen 16, dels i skiven 15. Fig. k viser herved en omtrent 20$ ekspansjon av den indre ende av pluggen samtidig med en ekspansjon på et par prosent av den ytre ende. Ved passende valg av skrue og passende utforming av hullet 3 kan dette forhold varieres innen vide grenser.
Fig. 6 viser til slutt en enhet med fem identiske, sammenhengende ekspansjonsplugger 1 av det i fig. 1-3 viste slag. Pluggene 1 er hver og en forbundet med en plate 17, på hvilken passende dimensjonene av de bor og skruer som kan anvendes, kan være antydet. Forbindelsen med platen 17 kan enten bevirkes ved hjelp av stoppe-flensen 7 eller, som i det viste eksempel, ved hjelp av tynne plastbånd 18. Pluggene kan også være anordnet i to rader, en på hver side av platen.

Claims (7)

1. Ekspansjonsplugg av elastisk material og innrettet for innforing i'sylindriske hull som er stort sett like dype som pluggen er lang, for å muliggjore permanent fastsetting av gjenstander på f.eks. gulv, vegger eller tak, karakterisert ved kombinasjonen av slisser (^,5) som på i og for seg ,kjent måte går ut fra de to ender av pluggen (1), overlapper hverandre og ligger i forskjellige plan; et ikke gjennomgående, fortrinnsvis konisk hull (3) som går ut fra den ytre ende av pluggen; samt, for. dannelse av tannlignende gripeorganer (9,11), storre innskjæringer (8) utformet ved pluggens indre ende mot planet for den sliss ( h) som går ut fra pluggens indre ende og mindre innskjæringer (10) utformet ved pluggens ytre ende i de partier av pluggen som ligger mellom de innbyrdes overlappende slisser (^,5).
2. Ekspansjonsplugg som angitt i krav 1, karakterisert ved at de mindre innskjæringer (10) danner flere gripeorganer pr. lengdeenhet enn de storre innskjæringer (8).
3« Ekspansjonsplugg som angitt i krav 1 eller 2, karakterisert ved at de storre gripeorganer (9) er utformet langs et parti av pluggen (1) frem til omtrent den indre ende av den sliss (5) som går ut fra den ytre ende av pluggen. .
Ekspansjonsplugg som angitt i krav 1-3? karakterisert ved at de mindre gripeorganer (11) er utformet i samtlige de partier av pluggen (1) som' ligger mellom, de innbyrdes overlappende sliseer (^,5).
5. Ekspansjonsplugg som angitt i krav 1-V, karakterisert ved at de mindre gripeorganer (11) er utformet langs hele de nevnte partier av pluggen.
6. Ekspansjonsplugg som angitt i krav 1-5> karakterisert ved at de.mindre gripeorganer (11) strekker seg utenfor den indre ende av den sliss (<*>f) som strekker: seg fra den indre ende av pluggen mot dens ytre ende.
7. Ekspansjonsplugg som angitt i krav 1-6, karakterisert ved at de indre storre innskjæringer (8) gjennomskjæres av avstivningslister (12,13).
NO840550A 1983-02-16 1984-02-15 Fremgangsmaate ved fremstilling av en kompositt av keramisk materiale og metall (cermet), og anvendelse av kompositten. NO165955C (no)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP83810065A EP0116809B1 (en) 1983-02-16 1983-02-16 Cermets and their manufacture

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NO840550L NO840550L (no) 1984-08-17
NO165955B true NO165955B (no) 1991-01-28
NO165955C NO165955C (no) 1991-05-08

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US (1) US4585618A (no)
EP (1) EP0116809B1 (no)
JP (1) JPS59166642A (no)
AT (1) ATE53863T1 (no)
AU (1) AU2466684A (no)
BR (1) BR8400677A (no)
CA (1) CA1226151A (no)
DE (1) DE3381519D1 (no)
ES (1) ES8608054A1 (no)
NO (1) NO165955C (no)

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NO165955C (no) 1991-05-08
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CA1226151A (en) 1987-09-01
JPS59166642A (ja) 1984-09-20
AU2466684A (en) 1984-08-23
ATE53863T1 (de) 1990-06-15
ES529756A0 (es) 1986-06-01
NO840550L (no) 1984-08-17
DE3381519D1 (de) 1990-06-07
BR8400677A (pt) 1984-09-18

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