NO162249B - Fremgangsmaate til stabilisering av vandige oljefeltfluider saasom boreslam og saltlakefloemmevaesker. - Google Patents
Fremgangsmaate til stabilisering av vandige oljefeltfluider saasom boreslam og saltlakefloemmevaesker. Download PDFInfo
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- NO162249B NO162249B NO822615A NO822615A NO162249B NO 162249 B NO162249 B NO 162249B NO 822615 A NO822615 A NO 822615A NO 822615 A NO822615 A NO 822615A NO 162249 B NO162249 B NO 162249B
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title 3
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 title 1
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
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Description
Forsterker som omfatter negative resistanselementer.
Oppfinnelsen vedrører en forsterker
som omfatter et negativt resistanselement, som f. eks. en parametrisk forsterker beregnet på å gi en resulterende forsterkning som stort sett er uavhengig av variasjoner i det negative resistanselement.
I visse forsterkere benyttes negative
resistanselementer slik som i parametriske forsterkere og tunneldiodeforsterkere. For å utvinne ikke resiprok forsterkning av slike elementer og for å isolere det aktive element fra belastningen, anvendes elementet i de hittil forekommende anordninger sammen med såkalte sirkulatorelementer. En slik anvendelse innebærer imidlertid visse vanskeligheter på grunn av at forsterkeren blir meget følsom for variasjoner i det aktive element. En liten endring i den negative resistans fører nemlig til en stor endring i forsterkningen.
Hensikten med oppfinnelsen er derfor
å tilveiebringe en anordning med hvis hjelp det kan fåes en resulterende forsterkning som i det vesentlige er uavhengig av variasjoner i det negative resistanselement. Anordningen kjennetegnes i det vesentlige ved at forsterkeren omfatter en toveis forgrening for signalet, innkoblet mellom inn- og utgangsklemmene, idet den ene signalgren inneholder en kvartbølgeledning koblet i serie med en ikke resiprok fasedreier, som er anordnet for eksempelvis +90° fasedreining i den ene overførselsretning og h-90° fasedreining i den annen overførsels-
retning, og hvor den andre signalgren inneholder en differensialavgrening, en såkalt magisk T, i hvis ene gren er innkoblet et reaktanselement, og i hvis andre gren er koblet inn det negative resistanselement.
Oppfinnelsen skal beskrives nærmere
i forbindelse med tegningen, hvor:
Fig. 1 viser en anordning av hittil anvendt utførelse. Fig. 2 viser en utførelsesform av anordningen ifølge oppfinnelsen. Fig. 3 viser en annen utførelsesform
ifølge oppfinnelsen; og
Fig. 4 viser eksempel på reaktanselement anvendt i anordningene ifølge fig. 3 eller 4. Fig. 1 viser en anordning av konvensjo-nell utførelse. Det anvendes her et negativt resistanselement 5 sammen med et sirku-latorelement 4. Et sådant element kjennetegnes ved at et signal som mates inn i grenen 1 går ut gjennom grenen 2, og et signal som mates inn i grenen 2 går ut gjennom grenen 3. Ulempen med en slik anordning er som nevnt at forsterkningen blir meget avhengig av resistansvarias joner i det aktive element.
I den nye anordning ifølge fig. 2 og 3 reduseres derimot vesentlig forsterknin-gens avhengighet av disse variasjoner i den negative resistans. Anordningen omfatter to signalforgreningsveier som forbinder inngangsklemmene 6 med utgangsklemmene 7. Forgreningsveiene kan da være koblet enten i serie som angitt i fig. 2 eller i parallell som angitt i fig. 3. Den ene av disse to grener inneholdende en kvartbølge-ledning 8 seriekoblet med en ikke resiprok fasedreier 9. Denne er fortrinnsvis anordnet med +90° fasedreining i den ene over-førselsretning og -^90° fasedreining i den annen overførselsretning. Den annen gren inneholder en differensialforgrening 10, et såkalt magisk T. I dennes ene gren er innkoblet det negative resistanselement 12 og i dennes andre gren er koblet inn et reaktanselement 11. Eventuelt kan en transfor-mator innkobles mellom det negative resistanselement og differensialforgreningen.
I forsterkeranordninger på bølgeleder-og koaksialbasis utgjøres reaktanselementet fortrinnsvis av to variable kortslutninger som vist i fig. 4. Dette element 13, som har tilkoblingen merket med 16, omfatter altså to kortslutninger 14 resp. 15, hvis stillinger kan varieres. På grunn herav kan de innstilles sådan, at en ønsket reaktans med ønsket frekvensavhengighet fåes. I forsterkeranordninger for lavere frekven-ser kan reaktanselementet fortrinnsvis be-stå av en kombinasjon av spoler og kon-densatorer.
Fordelen med variasjonsmuligheter av reaktansens verdi og frekvensavhengighet er at anordningen derved kan tilpasses for-skjellig typer av negative resistanselementer. De praktisk anvendbare negative resistanselementer består nemlig foruten av en negativ resistans også av reaktansele-menter i serie, i parallell eller i mere kom-plisert konfigurasjon. Når slike negative resistanselementer anvendes i en koblings-anordning ifølge oppfinnelsen kan det ma-tematisk vises, at det variable reaktanselement kan velges således at den resulterende forsterkning i anordningen blir sta-bil med hensyn til variasjoner i den negative resistans, dette på grunn av at den totale forsterkning består dels av en ikke resiprok del, dels av en resiprok del, hvilke motvirker hverandre med hensyn til av-hengigheten av den negative resistans verdi.
Claims (3)
1. Forsterker, omfattende et negativt resistanselement, som eksempelvis en parametrisk forsterker, beregnet på å gi en resulterende forsterkning som i det vesentlige er uavhengig av variasjoner i resis-tanselementets negative resistans, karakterisert ved at forsterkeren omfatter en toveis forgrening for signalet, innkoblet mellom forsterkerens inn- og ut-gangsklemmer, idet den ene signalgren inneholder en kvartbølgeledning koblet i serie med en ikke resiprok fasedreier, som er anordnet for fortrinnsvis +90° fasedreining i den ene overførselsretning og -^-90° fasedreining i den annen overførselsretning, og hvor den andre signalgren inneholder en differensialavgrening, en såkalt magisk T, i hvis ene gren er innkoblet et reaktanselement, og i hvis andre gren er innkoblet det negative resistanselement.
2. Forsterker som angitt i påstand 1, karakterisert ved at de to signal-grener (8, 9 resp. 10) er innkoblet i serie mellom forsterkerens inn- og utgangsklem-mer (fig. 2).
3. Forsterker som angitt i påstand 1, karakterisert ved at de to signal-grener (8, 9 resp. 10) er koblet i parallell mellom forsterkerens inn- og utgangs-klemmer (6 resp. 7), (fig. 3).
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/291,146 US4414334A (en) | 1981-08-07 | 1981-08-07 | Oxygen scavenging with enzymes |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO822615L NO822615L (no) | 1983-02-08 |
NO162249B true NO162249B (no) | 1989-08-21 |
NO162249C NO162249C (no) | 1989-11-29 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO822615A NO162249C (no) | 1981-08-07 | 1982-07-30 | Fremgangsmaate til stabilisering av vandige oljefeltfluider saasom boreslam og saltlakefloemmevaesker. |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US4414334A (no) |
EP (1) | EP0071990B1 (no) |
JP (1) | JPS5856686A (no) |
AR (1) | AR241603A1 (no) |
AT (1) | ATE50598T1 (no) |
AU (1) | AU532299B2 (no) |
CA (1) | CA1186257A (no) |
DE (1) | DE3280116D1 (no) |
DK (1) | DK353482A (no) |
ES (1) | ES514752A0 (no) |
NO (1) | NO162249C (no) |
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-
1981
- 1981-08-07 US US06/291,146 patent/US4414334A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1982
- 1982-05-26 AU AU84206/82A patent/AU532299B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1982-06-25 AR AR82289788A patent/AR241603A1/es active
- 1982-06-29 JP JP57112463A patent/JPS5856686A/ja active Granted
- 1982-07-19 CA CA000407543A patent/CA1186257A/en not_active Expired
- 1982-07-30 NO NO822615A patent/NO162249C/no unknown
- 1982-08-05 AT AT82107096T patent/ATE50598T1/de active
- 1982-08-05 DE DE8282107096T patent/DE3280116D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1982-08-05 ES ES514752A patent/ES514752A0/es active Granted
- 1982-08-05 EP EP82107096A patent/EP0071990B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1982-08-06 DK DK353482A patent/DK353482A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS6335237B2 (no) | 1988-07-14 |
EP0071990A3 (en) | 1984-08-08 |
NO162249C (no) | 1989-11-29 |
DE3280116D1 (de) | 1990-04-05 |
ES8405085A1 (es) | 1984-06-16 |
CA1186257A (en) | 1985-04-30 |
AU532299B2 (en) | 1983-09-22 |
EP0071990B1 (en) | 1990-02-28 |
ATE50598T1 (de) | 1990-03-15 |
AR241603A1 (es) | 1992-09-30 |
EP0071990A2 (en) | 1983-02-16 |
DK353482A (da) | 1983-02-08 |
NO822615L (no) | 1983-02-08 |
ES514752A0 (es) | 1984-06-16 |
JPS5856686A (ja) | 1983-04-04 |
AU8420682A (en) | 1983-02-10 |
US4414334A (en) | 1983-11-08 |
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