NO161849B - Fremgangsmaate for fremstilling av en renset ammoniert fosforsyreblanding. - Google Patents
Fremgangsmaate for fremstilling av en renset ammoniert fosforsyreblanding.Info
- Publication number
- NO161849B NO161849B NO842238A NO842238A NO161849B NO 161849 B NO161849 B NO 161849B NO 842238 A NO842238 A NO 842238A NO 842238 A NO842238 A NO 842238A NO 161849 B NO161849 B NO 161849B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- phosphoric acid
- impurities
- wet process
- precipitation
- acid
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 198
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 144
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 70
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 23
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 104
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 79
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 78
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 59
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 55
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 fluoride ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910020068 MgAl Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 31
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 29
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 17
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 9
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 9
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004114 Ammonium polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 235000019826 ammonium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229920001276 ammonium polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002367 phosphate rock Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011344 liquid material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011437 continuous method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100283604 Caenorhabditis elegans pigk-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017356 Fe2C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium ion Chemical compound [Mg+2] JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000318 alkali metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZRIUUUJAJJNDSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium phosphates Chemical class [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O ZRIUUUJAJJNDSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- UHHXUPJJDHEMGX-UHFFFAOYSA-K azanium;manganese(3+);phosphonato phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[Mn+3].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O UHHXUPJJDHEMGX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical group [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006194 liquid suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011785 micronutrient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013369 micronutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012066 reaction slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012958 reprocessing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005185 salting out Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008247 solid mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003930 superacid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003828 vacuum filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C01B25/16—Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
- C01B25/26—Phosphates
- C01B25/455—Phosphates containing halogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C01B25/16—Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
- C01B25/18—Phosphoric acid
- C01B25/234—Purification; Stabilisation; Concentration
- C01B25/237—Selective elimination of impurities
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/508,469 US4500502A (en) | 1983-06-28 | 1983-06-28 | Process for removing impurities from wet process of phosphoric acid |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO842238L NO842238L (no) | 1985-01-02 |
| NO161849B true NO161849B (no) | 1989-06-26 |
Family
ID=24022889
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO842238A NO161849B (no) | 1983-06-28 | 1984-06-04 | Fremgangsmaate for fremstilling av en renset ammoniert fosforsyreblanding. |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4500502A (nl) |
| BE (1) | BE899767A (nl) |
| CA (1) | CA1208881A (nl) |
| FR (1) | FR2548166B1 (nl) |
| GB (1) | GB2142614B (nl) |
| MX (1) | MX162634A (nl) |
| NL (1) | NL191705C (nl) |
| NO (1) | NO161849B (nl) |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2570363B1 (fr) * | 1984-09-14 | 1986-12-26 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Procede de separation d'impuretes a base de magnesium et eventuellement d'aluminium et de fluor, d'un acide phosphorique prepare par voie humide |
| US4639359A (en) * | 1985-12-16 | 1987-01-27 | International Minerals & Chemical Corp. | Process of removing cationic impurities from wet process phosphoric acid |
| US8202449B2 (en) * | 2006-10-31 | 2012-06-19 | Icl Performance Products, Lp | Corrosion-inhibited ammonium polyphosphate fire retardant compositions |
| US9926491B2 (en) | 2013-02-06 | 2018-03-27 | X'aan Innovations Inc. | Ammonium polyphosphate based fire-retardant compositions |
| CN103523764B (zh) * | 2013-06-27 | 2016-08-17 | 云南云天化国际化工股份有限公司 | 一种降低湿法磷酸中镁铝杂质的方法 |
| CN103803518A (zh) * | 2014-01-24 | 2014-05-21 | 贵阳中化开磷化肥有限公司 | 一种用湿法磷酸制备磷酸二氢钾的方法 |
| WO2019210368A1 (en) | 2018-05-03 | 2019-11-07 | Arafura Resources Limited | Process for the recovery of rare earths |
| JP7313429B2 (ja) | 2018-05-03 | 2023-07-24 | アラフラ・リソーシズ・リミテッド | 希土類硫酸塩溶液の処理 |
| CN112250052B (zh) * | 2020-09-07 | 2023-05-09 | 昆明隆祥化工有限公司 | 湿法磷酸生产工业级磷酸一铵及磷酸铵镁缓释肥的方法 |
| CN115403018B (zh) * | 2022-08-01 | 2024-01-30 | 深圳市德方纳米科技股份有限公司 | 利用高杂磷酸制备磷酸铁的方法和正极材料的制备方法 |
| CN115448276B (zh) * | 2022-08-16 | 2024-09-10 | 四川龙蟒磷化工有限公司 | 一种电池正极材料前驱体及其制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE420173C (de) * | 1922-05-21 | 1925-10-17 | Chemische Produkte Vormals H S | Verfahren zur Reinigung von Phosphorsaeure bzw. zur Darstellung reiner, phosphorsaurer Salze |
| DE487848C (de) * | 1925-02-10 | 1929-12-24 | I G Farbenindustrie Akt Ges | Verfahren zur Gewinnung von reiner Phosphorsaeure und reinem Triammoniumphosphat |
| GB906561A (en) * | 1959-12-15 | 1962-09-26 | Scottish Agricultural Ind Ltd | Phosphoric acid concentration process |
| FR1245377A (fr) * | 1960-01-18 | 1960-11-04 | Procédé de purification par neutralisation de l'acide phosphorique obtenu par voiehumide | |
| US3328123A (en) * | 1964-03-04 | 1967-06-27 | American Cyanamid Co | Clarification of concentrated wet process phosphoric acid |
| US3554728A (en) * | 1968-08-05 | 1971-01-12 | Allied Chem | Process for making non-hygroscopic ammonium phosphate |
| US3632329A (en) * | 1970-03-16 | 1972-01-04 | Continental Oil Co | Reduction of magnesium in fertilizer base solutions |
| DE2053885B2 (de) * | 1970-11-03 | 1973-01-04 | Chemische Fabrik Budenheim, Rudolf A. Oetker, 6501 Budenheim | Verfahren zur gemeinsamen Entfernung von Sulfationen und kationischen Verunreinigungen aus technischer Naßverfahrensphosphorsäure |
| US3975178A (en) * | 1973-10-12 | 1976-08-17 | Tennessee Valley Authority | Purification of wet-process phosphoric acid with methanol and ammonia |
-
1983
- 1983-06-28 US US06/508,469 patent/US4500502A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1984
- 1984-05-11 NL NL8401517A patent/NL191705C/nl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-05-21 GB GB08412930A patent/GB2142614B/en not_active Expired
- 1984-05-28 BE BE0/213016A patent/BE899767A/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-06-04 NO NO842238A patent/NO161849B/no unknown
- 1984-06-21 FR FR8409755A patent/FR2548166B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1984-06-27 MX MX201793A patent/MX162634A/es unknown
- 1984-06-27 CA CA000457552A patent/CA1208881A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB8412930D0 (en) | 1984-06-27 |
| NL8401517A (nl) | 1985-01-16 |
| CA1208881A (en) | 1986-08-05 |
| BE899767A (fr) | 1984-09-17 |
| FR2548166A1 (fr) | 1985-01-04 |
| NL191705B (nl) | 1995-12-01 |
| NL191705C (nl) | 1996-04-02 |
| US4500502A (en) | 1985-02-19 |
| GB2142614B (en) | 1987-01-07 |
| GB2142614A (en) | 1985-01-23 |
| FR2548166B1 (fr) | 1988-12-30 |
| MX162634A (es) | 1991-06-06 |
| NO842238L (no) | 1985-01-02 |
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