NO149718B - INSECTICIDE MIXTURE AND USE OF THE SAME - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an insecticidal mixture

for use in the form of a shampoo. It is particularly effective against lice and fleas.

Various compounds are known which are capable of destroying this type of insect, such as DDT, hexachlorocyclohexane or lindane. However, these products are generally available in powder form and their high toxicity makes them dangerous to use in direct contact with the skin of mammals.

If one further e.g. considering lice and fleas, these pests often attack young individuals (children, puppies, kittens), and these individuals are particularly sensitive to toxic substances.

On the other hand, certain acidic compounds in liquid form such as acetic acid are known to be active against insects and parasites, especially when these products are used in concentrated solution at a pH of around 2.

At this pH, however, the liquid products act aggressively on the skin of the individuals so that one has to use them in a diluted solution, which considerably reduces their effectiveness.

The insecticidal compositions according to the invention make it possible to obtain stable products which overcome these difficulties and whose action on the one hand makes it possible to kill the insects and parasites effectively, and on the other hand to prevent new attacks on the treated sites.

The insecticidal mixture according to the invention is characterized in that it contains 2-12% by volume of acetic acid so that the pH value of the mixture is lower than 3.5.

Furthermore, one can advantageously add an insecticide and healing compound such as natural or synthetic camphor so that. the volume fraction is between 1.5 and 5% and preferably between 0.5 and 1.5%.

In order to better understand the advantages and to show how the mixtures according to the invention work, in the following, examples for the preparation of the mixture as well as its use according to the most important applications and the corresponding

treatments.

For each formulation, you will see that the proportion of wetting agent is important.

Thus, it is quite clearly proposed that the insecticidal effect of acetic acid is improved considerably by the addition of wetting agents such as sodium, ammonium or triethanolamine lauryl sulfate, the classic cationic bases or non-ionic products that are in common use for shampoos and that they thus

• obtained products become remarkably stable.

This result can be confirmed by means of the following tests carried out on weevils, ants, pincers, lice and fleas: the product obtained in the following described examples is diluted to 1/3 of the volume, after which a few drops are placed on each insect held between cover glass in such a way that slightly more than 3/4 of the insect body is impregnated.

The time required until the insect is no longer able to move is then measured. These times are compared with those obtained using an aqueous acetic acid solution with the same pH.

The results obtained show that the times are at least 2-5 times less when using shampoo than when using pure acetic acid (20 - 50 sec. instead of 1-3 min.).

Example 1

Hygienic shampoo that is effective against lice in adults and children.

The shares are stated on a volume basis.

Humectant triethanolamine lauryl sulfate (HENKEL)

The procedure for producing the stable shampoo is as follows: A solution of humectant triethanolamine lauryl sulfate is prepared which is diluted to 30% water using a container equipped with a slow stirrer.

Synthetic camphor and citronella are then added in quantities as stated above until complete dissolution.

Then slowly add technical acetic acid by pouring from an ampoule under control of the pH at e.g. a pH meter.

The addition of acetic acid is stopped when the pH is around 3 and the stirring is continued for a further 5 min.

Treatment 1:

First case: Two children, respectively 11 and 13 years old, who have a strong colony of adult lice and lice eggs in their hair are treated with a shampoo containing 1% synthetic camphor, 1% citronella essence, 5% acetic acid and 93% triethanolamine lauryl sulfate diluted to 30% (pH adjusted to 3).

Washing with shampoo is carried out at 9 in the morning. The used shampoo is allowed to work for 15 min. before washing out with water.

Examination shows that there are no longer any adult lice, and that the quantity of eggs has been reduced.

A second wash with shampoo is carried out 2, 4 and 6 days later, although no adult lice can be detected. The number of lice eggs is in strong decline.

A new wash is carried out every week. At the end of the 3 weeks, the lice eggs have completely disappeared.

Second case: A young girl of 15 becomes aware during a bath that she has lice. She is treated every night with a 0.8% lindane powder, has a cap put on her head all night and then washed with a normal shampoo every morning and combed with a fine comb. After 5 days, the lice eggs are still in the hair.

A single shampooing with the product indicated in the first case is sufficient to rid the hair of all parasites and stop the tedious and unpleasant treatment.

Third case: A little girl aged 5 had lice eggs for 3 weeks and was treated every evening with a powder based on 0.4% lindane and 10% DDT. Every night she kept the insecticides in place in her hair with a cap and washed every morning with a regular shampoo followed by a fine combing.

This little blonde girl had particularly fine hair and the numerous lice eggs were very firmly stuck in her hair.

A first treatment with the product from the first case gave only a partially good result. It was necessary to give two more treatments with the product to achieve complete removal of the lice eggs.

In a similar way to example 1, the following formulations are prepared:

Example 2 R . S . 210 Mixture Example 3 R . S . 212 Mixture

Example 4

R. S. 217 Mixture

Shampoo with pyrethrin

Example 5

R . S . 215

Mixture

Example 6

R . S . 208

Mixture

Treatment 2:

Treatment of lice, fleas and ticks in dogs.

A shampoo is used which is prepared as in example 1 and contains 6% acetic acid, 1.5% citronella and 1.5% clove essence and 91% triethanolamine lauryl sulfate diluted to 30%

(pH set to 2).

One treats an adult dachshund dog that is infected with lice.

A wash with a veterinary formulation of shampoo as above is carried out one morning at 8. 12 hours later the dog has no more lice and does not become infected for 3 following days in unfavorable surroundings.

Treatment 3:

Local and tissue treatment.

A shampoo prepared as in example 1 consisting of 10% acetic acid, 2% citronella essence and 2% camphor (adjusted to pH 1.8) is used.

In an empty room with various objects and substances that had been poorly closed for some time, the presence of lice was detected.

After cleaning the fixtures, the carpet that covered part of the floor and the tile floor was sprayed with the shampoo diluted with twice the amount of water. 2 hours later the lice showed no more signs of life.

In the same way, coats, carpets and dog baskets were treated with good results by treating with solutions of 5 cm"<* >shampoo per 1 water.

In general, the products according to the invention are used in the following way: shampoo is applied to the parts to be treated in the form of the mixtures described above, the products are generally left to work for a duration of between 1 and 10 minutes. on living beings and between 5 and 20 min. on objects.

You thoroughly rinse away the rest of the acetic acid or equivalent, as well as the insects and parasites.

After washing, it is found that the products repel insects sufficiently to protect against new infections.

On the other hand, the insecticidal effect of shampooing as used in case 1 in example 1 has been compared with a lindane powder preparation of 15% by weight in the following way:

1. Test on adult lice:

In a small bowl, place 5 cm 3 of clean shampoo, then place 5 fleas (Pediculus humanus). Death is instantaneous. To be sure of the result, another test is carried out where the fleas are held for only 10 seconds. in the shampoo and take them out with a wooden stick. You take them under a magnifying glass and find that the fleas are really dead.

You proceed in the same way with shampoo diluted to 50%, then to 25% to obtain usable concentrations that vary from 25 - 100%.

The killing of the fleas is slower with these two dilutions, and the attempt to kill the fleas shows that after 30 sec. there will be no life in the lo<p>pen again.

The same experiment is practiced on the species Phtirius pubis with the same mortality percentage of 100 after 30 seconds. This experiment is repeated for comparison with a 1.5% lindane powder preparation.

The table below reproduces the obtained result:

Experiments with adult Pediculus humanus:

The same experiment is carried out on adult Phtirius pubis with the same result.

The product is therefore more active than a 1.5% lindane formulation

The lindane formulations of 0.4 and 0.8% have insufficient effect to be used as a comparison.

Tests with different formulations were carried out on flies and lice. In the experiment with flies, ten flies were placed in a 20 x 15 x 10 cm box made of a mosquito net held on three small pieces of wood. About. 1/2 cm 3 was sprayed on the flies. The number of flies killed after 2 hours was counted. In the experiment on lice, ten lice were placed on a glass plate (Petri plate) and over a period of approx. 10 sec. covered with a drop of the test liquid, then cleaned with water using a pipette. Dead lice after two hours were counted.

The trial formulations were as follows:

Trial formulation 1.1 - Acetic acid 4.5%, balance water. Trial formulation 1.2 - Triethanolamine lauryl sulfate for diluted to 30% concentration: 94%, water: 6%. Experimental formulation 1.3 - Citronella extract: 1.5%, the rest

water.

Experimental formulation 1.4 - Acetic acid: 4.5%, citronella extract: 1.5%, the rest water. Experimental formulation 1.5 - Acetic acid: 4.5%, triethanolamine lauryl sulfate diluted to 30%

concentration: 94%, the rest water. Trial formulation 1.6 - Acetic acid: 4.5%, citronella extract: 1.5%, triethanolamine lauryl sulfate diluted to 30% concentration: 94%; pH adjusted to 2.7. Experimental formulation 1.7 - Same as experimental formulation 1.6,

with pH increased to 5.5 by addition

of sodium hydroxide. Experimental formulation 1.8 - Acetic acid: 9%, citronella: 1.5%,

the rest is triethanolamine lauryl sulfate diluted to 30% concentration: pH 1.8.

1 tolerance trial was a small amount of each formulation

applied to the skin of rabbit or human. With respect to the rabbit, any redness or sensitivity immediately after the applications was noted by the degree of redness and sensitivity was rated as either "moderate" or "poor" in the experiment. With regard to the tolerance of the trial formulations on human skin, the arm was used and a slight burning sensation was felt with trial formulation 1.8.

Furthermore, the bacteriostatic effect of the products according to the invention has been demonstrated despite the fact that they do not contain any commonly used bactericides such as methyl paraoxybenzoate, but various experiments have shown that no bacteria develop in pure product or product diluted to 50%.

Investigation to determine that the preparation was free of bacteria has led to interesting results obtained.

The technique used has been the following with shampoo prepared according to example 1:

1) Inoculation on ordinary agar,

2) Storage in a warming cabinet at 37°C for 48 hours thereafter

7 days.

Results:

After inoculation with Escherichia coli:

As the measured toxicities can vary considerably, what strengthens the interest in acetic acid in synergistic connection with a moisturizer is the comparison of the strong insecticidal effect, at the same time with toxicity within limits that are tolerable when it is used in contact with sensitive skin surfaces.

Thus, upon oral administration with a shampoo according to example 1 to male River mice with an average weight of 25 g, a toxicity is obtained that indicates a maximum tolerance dose

24 ml/kg and for lethal dose 100 a value of 40 ml/kg.

These results do not make it possible to determine a lethal dose 50. In comparison, it should be noted whether the measured lethal dose 50 for lindane in aqueous formulations administered orally to these mice is somewhat more than 300 mg/kg.

Finally, investigations of the local cutaneous tolerance have made it possible to determine a primary irritation index of 0.3, which is thus weak, and the application trials repeated in the ear of mice have led to the result that the shampoo is not irritating, and repeated applications in the fur of rabbit has shown an excellent tolerance.

Only testing at the ocular level suggests that the shampoo may be irritating, but that this irritating effect is very weak after a dilution corresponding to the use of the product.

Claims (2)

1. Insecticidal composition for use in the form of a shampoo, containing a wetting agent, in particular sodium lauryl sulfate and 0.5-3% by volume of at least one natural or synthetic plant essence selected from the group of extracts and essences of oregano, rosemary, citronella, pyrethrum and pyrethrin and possibly 0.5-5% by volume synthetic or natural camphor, characterized in that it contains 2-12% by volume acetic acid so that the pH value of the mixture is lower than 3.5. 2. Use of the mixture according to claim 1 as a parasiticide and insecticide, especially for the destruction of lice.