JPH02115107A - Antibiotic agent - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain antibiotic agent expectable of very wide range of use having excellent safety, sufficient antibiosis and wide antimicrobial spectrum against, e.g., microorganism by containing extract from clove as active ingredient. CONSTITUTION:Any extracting solvent, preferably organic solvent such as methanol, acetone, ethyl acetate or n-hexane is added to crushed or finely cut material of preferably flower bud of, e.g., clove and extraction is performed by conventional method preferably under heating at room temperature - 100 deg.C, then resultant extract is purified by preferably extracting again with non-polar organic solvent and fractionating to afford the extract of clove. Said extract is contained as active ingredient in the aimed antibiotic agent especially used for food or industrial material, etc., having excellent safety because natural and edible plant is used as raw material and having the above-mentioned effect, e.g., having strong antibiosis such as sterilization, insecticide, bacterium control, mold control or insect control.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to an antibiotic agent containing plant matter and having antibiotic effects such as bactericidal, insecticidal, antibacterial, antifungal, and insect repellent. In particular, it is used in foods and industrial materials, etc., and the growth of microorganisms such as mold and bacteria.

This invention relates to antibiotics that inhibit proliferation and have sterilizing effects.

[Conventional technology]

BACKGROUND ART Research has been carried out on various antibacterial and antifungal agents in order to prevent diseases caused by microorganisms such as mold and bacteria, food spoilage, and microbial deterioration of cosmetics and various industrial materials. On the other hand, research and development of insecticides and repellents for agricultural purposes and human health purposes is also progressing.

From the perspective of improving the shelf life of the above foods and cosmetics, conventional synthetic preservatives such as sorbic acid and its salts (K salt, etc.),
Benzoic acid and its salts (Na salt, etc.), dehydroacetic acid and its salts (Na salt, etc.), roseoxybenzoic acid ester (
Isobutyl, isopropyl, ethyl, butyl esters, etc.), propionate salts (Ca, Na salts, etc.), ethanol, glycine, polymerized phosphoric acid, etc. have been used. Furthermore, as disinfectants, heavy metal compounds, organometallic compounds, sulfur compounds, halides, phenols, alcohols, surfactants, oxidizing agents, antibiotics, etc. are widely used.

However, the above-mentioned synthetic preservatives generally have safety problems, and the current situation is that the amount added and the foods to which they can be used must be restricted. In addition, disinfectants are highly toxic,
Many have drawbacks such as side effects on the human body, and many have a narrow antibacterial spectrum.

For this reason, in recent years, the development of low-toxicity antibiotics, especially antimicrobials, which contain extracts from natural products as active ingredients has progressed. An antimicrobial agent containing isolates from .

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

However, as a result of the inventors' detailed study of the antimicrobial agent described in the above publication, the antimicrobial action (
It was found that the antibacterial and antifungal effects were not strong, and the antibacterial spectrum was also narrow.

In view of the above circumstances, it is an object of the present invention to provide an antibiotic agent that is highly safe, has sufficient antibiotic activity, and has a broad antibacterial spectrum against microorganisms, for example.

[Means to solve the problem]

In order to solve the above problems, the inventors conducted research on spice extracts and found that extracts from cloves have excellent effects, leading to the completion of this invention.

Therefore, the antibiotic according to the present invention contains an extract from cloves as an active ingredient.

[For production]

The antibiotic of this invention is highly safe because its active ingredient is not a synthetic product but a natural product, moreover, an extract from cloves, which are edible plants. It has strong antimicrobial effects such as antifungal and insecticidal properties, and has a broad antibacterial spectrum against microorganisms.

〔Example〕

The present invention will be explained in detail below.

The antibiotic according to the present invention has as an active ingredient an extract extracted from cloves as a starting material, and the extraction method is not particularly limited. For example, cloves, preferably flower buds, are Add any extraction solvent to the pulverized or shredded material, perform extraction according to a conventional method, filter the extraction residue, and distill or concentrate the solvent from the filtrate to obtain the desired product as a liquid or solid. An extract can be obtained. Note that the extraction treatment is preferably carried out sufficiently at room temperature or under heating at 100° C. or lower.

It is preferable to use water and/or an organic solvent, particularly an organic solvent, as the extraction solvent. Specific Ia solvents include, for example, methanol, ethanol, propatool,
Alcohols such as isopropanol and butanol, ethers (including oxygen heterocyclic compounds) such as ethyl ether, propyl ether, and tetrahydrofuran, ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone and acetone, esters such as ethyl acetate, hexane, isooctane, Examples include hydrocarbons such as benzene and toluene, and methanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, n-hexane and the like are preferably selected. The above organic solvents can be used alone or in any combination of two or more kinds.

Furthermore, after the extraction with the above-mentioned extraction solvent is performed, it is preferable that the obtained extract is extracted and fractionated again with a non-polar organic solvent. This is because the extract is purified thereby. The nonpolar organic solvent used is not particularly limited, but various hydrocarbons, such as hexane, can be preferably used.

The antibiotics obtained as described above, for example, have antimicrobial effects on Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus terreus as specified in the mold resistance test method of JIS Z 2911.
reus), Penicillium citrinum (Penici
llium citrinum), Penicillium funiculo
sum) + Rhizopus oryzae
oryzac) + Talatosporium cladosporioides (Cladosporium cladospo)
rioides), Chaetomium globosum (Chae
tomium globosum) + Fusarium proliferatum
aLum) or Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Saccharo+nyces cerev)
yeast such as Escherichia coli (Esc
herichia coli), Bacillus spudilis (Bacillus!us 5ubLilis), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (r'seudomonas a)
eruginosa) + SLaphylococcus aureus
It is possible to suppress the growth of bacteria such as.

Antibiotic effects including such antibacterial and antifungal effects are thought to be obtained through the cooperative effects of various components contained in antibiotics.

Further, the amount of the extract, which is an active ingredient of the antibiotic, may be appropriately set depending on its dosage form, application method, and place of application, and is not particularly limited. The dosage form can also be selected arbitrarily; it may be in a liquid form containing a dispersing emulsifier, diluent, or hydrating agent, or in a jelly form (for example, it can be applied to the surface of sheet-like base materials or furniture parts, etc.). It may be applied.Furthermore, it may be a face material, powder material, etc. held on a carrier.Here,
Examples of carriers for face materials and powders include silicic acid, kaolin, activated carbon, bentonite diatom ±5 talc, clay, calcium carbonate, mineral powders such as ceramic powder, wood flour, soybean flour,
Vegetable powders such as wheat flour and starch, clathrate compounds such as cyclodextrin, etc. can be used, but are not limited to these.

As described above, the antibiotic according to the present invention is widely used as a biocide, a pest repellent or attractant, a plant growth regulator, etc., and can be used in the form of a solution, gel, or paste. , or a system impregnated with an inorganic or organic carrier, but is not particularly limited.

Next, more detailed examples of the present invention will be explained together with comparative examples.
The invention is not limited to these examples. For example, although the antimicrobial action will be discussed in detail below, it goes without saying that the antibiotic of the present invention is also useful for insect repellent, insecticide, and the like.

Example 1 Methanol 120- was added to fine powder 205 obtained by crushing clove buds, and extraction was performed under reflux at 80°C for 7 hours. The obtained extraction mixture was filtered to obtain a filtrate, which was concentrated to obtain the desired extract 8.53.

Example 2 Extracts 5 and 2) were obtained by performing extraction in the same manner as in Example 1, except that n-hexane was used as the extraction solvent and the extraction temperature was 70°C.

Example 3 - The extract obtained in Example 1 above was mixed with methanol:water = 1:
The mixture was dissolved in a mixed solvent of 1 ml and put into a separating funnel, and n-hexane was added and shaken to obtain an n-hexane fraction. The extract yield after concentration was 4 extracts.

Example 4 Extraction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 above, except that acetone was used as the extraction solvent and the extraction temperature was 50°C.
6.83 extracts were obtained.

Example 5 Extraction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 above, except that ethyl acetate was used as the extraction solvent and the temperature was 75°C.
Extract 7.23 was obtained.

Comparative Examples 1 to 3 - Extracts of oregano, thyme, and cinnamon were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 using oregano, thyme, and cinnamon as starting materials.

The extracts of Examples and Comparative Examples obtained above were examined for minimum growth inhibitory concentration (% by weight) against various microorganisms by the agar dilution smear test method described below.

First, a predetermined amount of each extract was added to and dispersed in a sterilized and dissolved agar medium. Here, when the test bacteria were molds and yeasts, a potato-glucose medium was used, and for bacteria, a standard agar medium was used.

The following test bacteria, which had been previously cultured on test tube slants, were streaked onto these agar media with a platinum loop, and each culture medium was cultured for one week at a temperature of 28°C and a humidity of 95%, and the growth of each streak was evaluated. I checked to see if it existed.

The test bacteria used were the following eight types of molds specified in JIS Z 2911, one type of yeast, and four types of bacteria.

As for molds; ■ Aspergillus niger IFO6341 ■ Aspergillus terreus IFO6346 ■ Penicillium citrinum IFO6352 ■ Penicillium funiculosum IFO6345 ■ Rhizorbus oryzae IFO31005 ■ Cladosporium cladosporioides IFO6348 ■ Chaetomium globosum IFO63 4,7 ■ Fusarium Pro Rifferatum IFO6349 As a yeast: ■Romyces cerevisiae IFO0203 As a bacterium; [Phase] Escherichia coli IFO33010 Bacillus subtilis IFO3009 @ Pseudomonas aeruginosa IF0 3080 0 Staphylococcus aurens IFO3060 Results , Table 1 and shown in Table 2.

Table 2 As shown in Tables 1 and 2, the extracts obtained from cloves in the Examples are more effective against microorganisms such as mold, yeast, and bacteria than other spices in the Comparative Examples. It was found that it has a strong antimicrobial effect with a broad antibacterial spectrum. In particular, the extract of Example 3 is similar to that of Example 1.
Since the extract was fractionated using a non-polar organic solvent, the concentration of antimicrobial components in the extract is higher than that of the extract of Example 1, and the antimicrobial activity per weight is high ( It has a low minimum inhibitory concentration for growth.

Furthermore, the oral acute lethal dose of the extract of Example 2 in rats was LDs. The value is 1. Bit/kg or more, and it was found to be highly safe.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As described above, the antibiotic according to the present invention is highly safe and has sufficient antibiotic use, and has a broad antibacterial spectrum against microorganisms, so it is expected to have a very wide range of uses. .

Agent: Patent Attorney Takehiko Matsumoto

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1.An antibiotic agent whose active ingredient is an extract from cloves.