NO140057B - ANALOGICAL PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF THERAPEUTICALLY ACTIVE ALFA-ARYL-4-SUBSTITUTED PIPERIDINOAL CANOL DERIVATIVES - Google Patents
ANALOGICAL PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF THERAPEUTICALLY ACTIVE ALFA-ARYL-4-SUBSTITUTED PIPERIDINOAL CANOL DERIVATIVES Download PDFInfo
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- NO140057B NO140057B NO326/73A NO32673A NO140057B NO 140057 B NO140057 B NO 140057B NO 326/73 A NO326/73 A NO 326/73A NO 32673 A NO32673 A NO 32673A NO 140057 B NO140057 B NO 140057B
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- chamber
- fermentation
- species
- microorganisms
- air
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Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims description 25
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010564 aerobic fermentation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005112 continuous flow technique Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 6
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000014680 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000186361 Actinobacteria <class> Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 shoes Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D211/68—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
- C07D211/70—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D211/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D211/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D211/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms with radicals containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D211/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms with radicals containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms attached to ring carbon atoms with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to the ring nitrogen atom
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D211/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D211/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D211/18—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D211/20—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by singly bound oxygen or sulphur atoms
- C07D211/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by singly bound oxygen or sulphur atoms by oxygen atoms
Description
Fremgangsmåte og apparat for fremstilling av organiske gjødnings midler. Method and apparatus for the production of organic fertilizers.
Nærværende oppfinnelse vedrører en The present invention relates to a
fremgangsmåte og apparat for fremstilling method and apparatus for production
av organiske gjødningsmidler fra organisk of organic fertilizers from organic
avfallsmateriale. waste material.
I de amerikanske patenter nr. 2 474 833, In US Patent No. 2,474,833,
nr. 2 593 867 og nr. 2 680 069 er det beskre-vet en fremgangsmåte og et apparat for no. 2 593 867 and no. 2 680 069, a method and an apparatus for
fremstilling av organiske gjødningsmidler production of organic fertilizers
ved spaltning av fuktig organisk materiale by decomposition of moist organic material
ved innvirkning av aerobe mikroorganismer, ved hvilken luft tvinges gjennom en by the action of aerobic microorganisms, whereby air is forced through a
innelukket masse av slike materialer fra enclosed mass of such materials from
bunnen av apparatet, og anvendt luft og bottom of the appliance, and used air and
utviklete gasser tas ut av massen på steder evolved gases are removed from the mass in places
anordnet med mellomrom vertikalt over spaced vertically above
hverandre. each other.
Skjønt fremgangsmåten og apparatet Although the method and apparatus
åpenbart i disse tidligere patenter er til-fredsstillende for fremstillingen av organiske gjødningsmidler er det ønsket større obviously in these earlier patents are satisfactory for the production of organic fertilisers, the desire is greater
hastighet for spaltningen av større mate-rialmengder. speed for the splitting of larger amounts of material.
Det er nå erkjent at spaltningshastig-heten kan økes og mengden av komprimert It is now recognized that the splitting rate can be increased and the amount of compressed
luft nødvendig for luftningen kan reduse-res hvis mikrobakterieil! inokulering av d:et air required for the aeration can be reduced if micro-bacteria eil! inoculation of the d:et
organiske materiale og luftningen ved organic material and the aeration of wood
fremgangsmåten utføres i overensstemmelse med forskriftene for nærværende the procedure is carried out in accordance with the current regulations
oppfinnelse. invention.
Mikrobakterieil inokulering med en del Microbial inoculation with a part
av sluttproduktet har vært anvendt ved of the final product has been used by
fremstillingen av bakegjær. Imidlertid skjer the production of baker's yeast. However, happens
gjærfremstillingen utelukkende ved dyrkning av én art mikroorganismer (Saccharo-myces cerevisiae fungi) og slik dyrkning the production of yeast exclusively by cultivation of one species of microorganisms (Saccharo-myces cerevisiae fungi) and such cultivation
skjer i oppløsninger. occurs in solutions.
Inokulering av ikke flytende fuktig organisk materiale med vesentlige mengder Inoculation of non-liquid moist organic material in significant quantities
sluttprodukt som kultur har vært forsøkt, final product as culture has been tried,
basert på den antagelse at kompostering er analog fremstillingen av båkegjær. Mens imidlertid gjærfremstillingen kun gjdr bruk av én art mikroorganismer omfatter kompostfremstillingen dyrkning i fuktige faste stoffer av et stort antall forskjellige typer og arter mikroorganismer med sterkt varierende klimatiske krav, og den overvei-ende mikrobakterieWe flora skifter sterkt og ofte etterhvert som prosessen skrider frem. based on the assumption that composting is analogous to the production of yeast. However, while the production of yeast only involves the use of one species of micro-organisms, the production of compost includes the cultivation in moist solids of a large number of different types and species of micro-organisms with widely varying climatic requirements, and the predominant micro-bacterial flora changes strongly and often as the process progresses.
Av denne grunn har inokuleringsmåten fra gjærindustrien ikke vært tilfredsstil-lende ved fremstillingen av kompost. For this reason, the inoculation method from the yeast industry has not been satisfactory in the production of compost.
På lignende måte forbedrer inokulering av råmaterialet med s,må mengder spe-sielt dyre og ofte hemmelige mikrobakte-rielle kulturer som er tilgtenselige i han-delen for å fremme kompostfermentering, hverken behandlingshastigheten eller kvaliteten av det ferdige produkt (se sidene 60—62, Technical Bulletin No. 9, serie 37, juni 1953, som gjengir resultatene fra for-søk av the Sanitary Research Project, Uni-versity of California, Berkeley. California). I tillégg til de små mengder anvendte ino-kuleringsmidler er grunnen for dette at inokuleringsmidlet er dyrket under forskjellige materialer enn de som kommer i betraktning ved deres anvendelse. Denne mangel på akklimatisering gjør dem in-effektive. Similarly, inoculating the raw material with small amounts of particularly expensive and often secret micro-bacterial cultures available in the male section to promote compost fermentation improves neither the processing speed nor the quality of the finished product (see pages 60-62, Technical Bulletin No. 9, Series 37, June 1953, reporting the results of research by the Sanitary Research Project, University of California, Berkeley. California). In addition to the small amounts of inoculants used, the reason for this is that the inoculants are grown under different materials than those considered in their use. This lack of acclimatization makes them inefficient.
Skjønt i virkeligheten mere kompleks, kan kompostfremstilling i overensstemmelse med nærværende oppfinnelse betraktes som en fermenteringsprosess som skrider frem i minst tre, men fortrinnsvis fire mi-krobiologiske distinkte trinn. Det første fermenteringstrinn domineres av sterkt termofile arter av mikroorganismer som skaper temperaturer så høye som ca. 75° C. Det annet trinn av fremgangsmåten utføres med moderat termofile mikrober ved ca. 65° C. De to følgende trinn karakteriseres1 ved mesofil mikrobakterieil aktivitet ved temperaturer fra ca. 52° C i det tredje trinn ned til ca. 40° C i det fjerde og siste trinn. Although more complex in reality, composting in accordance with the present invention can be considered a fermentation process that proceeds in at least three, but preferably four, microbiologically distinct stages. The first fermentation stage is dominated by strongly thermophilic species of microorganisms that create temperatures as high as approx. 75° C. The second step of the method is carried out with moderately thermophilic microbes at approx. 65° C. The two following steps are characterized1 by mesophilic microbacterial activity at temperatures from approx. 52° C in the third stage down to approx. 40° C in the fourth and final step.
Variasjoner i carbondioxydkonsenitra-sjonen for luften i fermenteringsmassene i slike trinn er også større og er så høy som ca. 14 % (350 ganger innholdet i atmosfæren) i det første trinn, fra 5—8 % i det annet trinn og fra 2—5 % i det tredje trinn, og mindre enn 1 % i det mesofile sluttrlnn for prosessen. Variations in the carbon dioxide concentration of the air in the fermentation masses in such stages are also greater and are as high as approx. 14% (350 times the content in the atmosphere) in the first stage, from 5-8% in the second stage and from 2-5% in the third stage, and less than 1% in the mesophilic final stage of the process.
På lignende måte kan trinnene karak-teriseres ved deres predominerende grupper og arter av mikroorganismer. Termofile sopper overveier i det første trinn hvis råmaterialet inneholder betraktelige mengder av lett assimilerbare carbohydrater. Ellers er termofile bakterier de mest aktive. Moderat termofile bakterier dominerer under annet trinn. Mesofile bakterier er de mest aktive mikroorganismer i det tredje trinn. Det fjerde trinn er karakterisert ved aktivi-teten av mesofile bakterier og actinomy-ceter. In a similar way, the stages can be characterized by their predominant groups and species of microorganisms. Thermophilic fungi predominate in the first step if the raw material contains considerable amounts of easily assimilable carbohydrates. Otherwise, thermophilic bacteria are the most active. Moderately thermophilic bacteria dominate during the second stage. Mesophilic bacteria are the most active microorganisms in the third stage. The fourth stage is characterized by the activity of mesophilic bacteria and actinomycetes.
Det er derfor en hensikt ved nærværende oppfinnelse å fremskaffe en forbedret metode for fermenteringen av fuktige organiske materialer ved hvilken materialet behandles i trinn, og klimaet i hvert trinn justeres for optimal: vekst av trinnets mikroorganismer, og materialet i hvert trinn inokuleres ved mikroorganismer utviklet i klimaet for vedkommende trinn. It is therefore an aim of the present invention to provide an improved method for the fermentation of moist organic materials by which the material is treated in stages, and the climate in each stage is adjusted for optimal: growth of the micro-organisms of the stage, and the material in each stage is inoculated with microorganisms developed in the climate for the stage in question.
Det er videre en hensikt ved nærværende oppfinnelse å fremskaffe et forbedret apparat for utførelsen av kompostfermentering. It is also a purpose of the present invention to provide an improved apparatus for carrying out compost fermentation.
I overensstemmelse med disse formål og i overehsistemmelse med den foretrukne utførelsesform for fremgangsmåten etter oppfinnelsen behandles det rå organiske materiale i trinn. Klimaet i hvert trinn opprettholdes for den optimale utvikling av typene og artene av mikroorganismer som overveier i vedkommende trinn. I hvert trinn inokuleres materialet med den dominerende art mikroorganismer som er blitt dyrket ved trinnets1 klima. Etter behandling luftes materialet sterkt for å stoppe fer-menter ingen, befri materialet for utviklede gasser og tørke det for pakking og sending. In accordance with these purposes and in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the raw organic material is processed in stages. The climate in each stage is maintained for the optimal development of the types and species of micro-organisms that predominate in that stage. In each step, the material is inoculated with the dominant species of micro-organisms that have been grown in the step 1 climate. After treatment, the material is strongly aerated to stop fermentation, free the material from evolved gases and dry it for packing and shipping.
For utførelsen av denne fremgangsmåte foreskrives 1 dens foretrukne form et roterende oppslutningsapparat hvis rota-sjonsakset heller mot horisontalplanet. Oppslutningsapparatet er oppdelt i avdelinger ved skillevegger anbragt langs rota-sjonsaksélen. Hver skillevegg er utstyrt med overføringslomimer som valgfritt kan åpnes og som, når åpnet, overfører materialet fra en avdeling til den nestfølgende lavere liggende avdeling uten å tillate noen nevneverdig forandring av klimaet i de forbundne avdelinger. For the execution of this method, its preferred form prescribes a rotary digester whose axis of rotation inclines towards the horizontal plane. The digester is divided into compartments by partitions placed along the axis of rotation. Each partition is equipped with transfer windows which can optionally be opened and which, when opened, transfer the material from one compartment to the next lower lying compartment without allowing any significant change of the climate in the connected compartments.
Luft tvinges gjennom hele oppslutningsapparatet fra dettes laveste ende og anvendt luft luftes av detter valg fra hvert trinn eTler avdeling for å opprettholde klimaet i dette optimalt for den mikroorganisme som overveier i trinnet. En del av det behandlede materiale etterlates i hvert trinn som en kultur for inokulering av overført materiale og det hele oppslutningsapparat roteres for å sikre tilstrekke-lig luftning og fullstendig blanding med og inokulering av overført materiale. Air is forced through the entire digester from its lowest end and used air is aerated by its choice from each stage or department in order to maintain the climate in it optimal for the microorganism that predominates in the stage. A portion of the treated material is left in each step as a culture for inoculation of transferred material and the entire digester is rotated to ensure adequate aeration and complete mixing with and inoculation of transferred material.
En foretrukken utførelsesform for apparatet ifølge nærværende oppfinnelse som er egnet for utførelsen av oppfinnelsens fremgangsmåte vises ved vedføyede teg-ning, på hvilken A preferred embodiment of the apparatus according to the present invention which is suitable for carrying out the method of the invention is shown by the attached drawing, in which
fig. 1 er et vertikalt snitt gjennom apparatet, fig. 1 is a vertical section through the apparatus,
fig. 2 er et snitt langs linjer 2—2 i fig. 1, fig. 3 er et snitt langs linjer 3—3 i fig. 1, fig. 4 er et snitt i forstørret målestokk gjennom en av luftfordelingsventilene i apparatet vist i fig. 1, og fig. 2 is a section along lines 2-2 in fig. 1, fig. 3 is a section along lines 3-3 in fig. 1, fig. 4 is a section on an enlarged scale through one of the air distribution valves in the apparatus shown in fig. 1, and
fig. 5 er et snitt etter linjer 5—5 i fig. 1. På tegningene er vist et oppslutningsapparat 1 som består av en trommel mon-tert på lagerbokker 2 for rotasjon om en akse 3 som svakt heller i forhold til: horisontalplanet 4 for å tillate tyngdekrafts-matning av materialet over tromlens leng-de. fig. 5 is a section along lines 5-5 in fig. 1. The drawings show a digester 1 which consists of a drum mounted on bearings 2 for rotation about an axis 3 slightly inclined in relation to: the horizontal plane 4 to allow gravity feeding of the material over the length of the drum.
Ved hver av understøttelsesstedene er et egnet lager 5 anordnet for roterbar mon-tering av tromlen. Tromlen kan roteres ved hjelp av en motor 6 i samarbeide med en utveksling 7 på motordrivakselen 8 med det ringformede gear 9 som omgir tromlen. Et egnet redufcsjonsgear 11 er ofte ønske-lig- At each of the support locations, a suitable bearing 5 is arranged for rotatable mounting of the drum. The drum can be rotated by means of a motor 6 in cooperation with a transmission 7 on the motor drive shaft 8 with the annular gear 9 which surrounds the drum. A suitable reduction gear 11 is often desirable
OppsOutningsapparatet er oppdelt i fire fermenteringskamre 10, 12, 14 og 16 ved The fermentation apparatus is divided into four fermentation chambers 10, 12, 14 and 16 by
skillevegger 18, 20 og 22. Et siktekammer 24 er skilt fra apparatet av skilleveggen 26 partitions 18, 20 and 22. A screening chamber 24 is separated from the apparatus by partition 26
og et tørrekammer 28 er skilt fra fermen-teringskamret 16 ved skilleveggen 30. and a drying chamber 28 is separated from the fermentation chamber 16 by the dividing wall 30.
Råmaterialet, f. eks. husholdningssøp-pel, innføres til oppslutningsapparatet gjennom trakten 33 på det stasjonære hus 34 for en skruetransportør 36. Materialet tas ut ved den bortre ende av den koniske sikt 38. Sikten 38 er fastmontert på opp-slutningsapparatets endevegg 40 og skilleveggen 26 og stiger slik at materialet vil bevege seg mot endeveggen 40 under siktningen. The raw material, e.g. household waste, is introduced to the digester through the funnel 33 on the stationary housing 34 for a screw conveyor 36. The material is taken out at the far end of the conical sieve 38. The sieve 38 is fixedly mounted on the digester's end wall 40 and partition 26 and rises so that the material will move towards the end wall 40 during screening.
Sikten er av grovmasket nett med ikke mindre enn ca. 5 cm's åpninger, da bare grovsiktning eller maling av materialet er nødvendig. Avfall, slik som sko, stener, me-tallgjenstander og andre tunge ikke spalt-bare gjenstander som er tilstede i hushold-ningssøppel hjelper til ved siktningen og malingen. Oppsamlingen av avfall nær endeveggen 40 kan periodisk fjernes gjennom åpningen 41. Eventuelt kan slikt avfall samles opp av flenser eller skjermer 42 som avsetter dette avfall i trakten 44. Avfallet kan tas ut ved å åpne uttagsdøren 46 og reversere transportskruen. Under sikt-ning kan avfallet resirkuleres gjennom trakten 44 for å hjelpe til ved malingen og siktningen av materialet eller trakten kan lukkes mekanisk. The sieve is made of coarse-mesh netting with no less than approx. 5 cm openings, as only coarse screening or painting of the material is necessary. Waste, such as shoes, stones, metal objects and other heavy non-degradable objects present in household waste, helps with the sifting and grinding. The collection of waste near the end wall 40 can be periodically removed through the opening 41. Optionally, such waste can be collected by flanges or screens 42 which deposit this waste in the funnel 44. The waste can be taken out by opening the outlet door 46 and reversing the transport screw. During sieving, the waste can be recycled through the hopper 44 to assist in the grinding and sieving of the material or the hopper can be closed mechanically.
Det siktede materiale overføres fra avdeling 48 til avdeling 10 i apparatet ved hjelp av overføringslommer 50. Overfør-ingslorrumen 1 avdelingen er en boks åpen ved den øvre ende (her avdeling 48) og er utstyrt med en hengslet bunn 52. Lommene fylles med materiale og når tyngden åpner bunnen tømmes materialet inn i den etter-følgende avdeling. Overføringen kan således gjøres1 fra et delvist fylt kammer selv om det etterfølgende kammer er helt fullt. For å utelukke materialoverførsel inntil det er ønsket er lommene utstyrt med låse-innretnlnger 54 som kan betjenes fra ut-siden av apparatet. The sieved material is transferred from compartment 48 to compartment 10 in the apparatus by means of transfer pockets 50. The transfer chamber 1 compartment is a box open at the upper end (here compartment 48) and is equipped with a hinged bottom 52. The pockets are filled with material and when the weight opens the bottom, the material is emptied into the following compartment. The transfer can thus be made1 from a partially filled chamber even if the subsequent chamber is completely full. In order to exclude material transfer until it is desired, the pockets are equipped with locking devices 54 which can be operated from the outside of the apparatus.
På lignende måte er avdelingene 18, 20, 22 og 30 utstyrt med overføringslommer. I disse avdelinger er imidlertid åpningene 56 til lommene fjernet noe fra avdelingens periferi for å forebygge fullstendig tømning av kamrene 10, 12, 14 og 16. In a similar manner, compartments 18, 20, 22 and 30 are provided with transfer pockets. In these compartments, however, the openings 56 for the pockets are somewhat removed from the periphery of the compartment to prevent complete emptying of the chambers 10, 12, 14 and 16.
For å tømme apparatet er der anordnet overføringslommer 58 som mater materiale fra kamret 28 til utløpsluftlåsen 60 over fallrenne 62 i den ikke roterende ut-løpsende 61 av oppslutningsapparatet. Luft-låsen er utstyrt med flere vinger 64 som roteres for å ta ut materialet uten å åpne kamret 28 til atmosfæren. In order to empty the apparatus, transfer pockets 58 are arranged which feed material from the chamber 28 to the outlet airlock 60 over chute 62 in the non-rotating outlet end 61 of the digester. The airlock is equipped with several vanes 64 which are rotated to remove the material without opening the chamber 28 to the atmosphere.
Kontroll av klimaet i hver av fermen-teringskamrene 10, 12, 14 og 16 og tørke-kamret 28 forståes best ved å anta at materialet under fermenteringen er innelukket i disse. Control of the climate in each of the fermentation chambers 10, 12, 14 and 16 and the drying chamber 28 is best understood by assuming that the material during fermentation is enclosed in these.
Luft tvinges gjennom oppslutningsapparatet av kompressoren 66 drevet av mo-toren 68 og innføres til apparatet gjennom røret 70 og ventilen 72. Luften passerer gjennom et lufthull eller en passasje 74 i periferien av hver avdeling. For å forhindre materialet fra å passere gjennom eller stoppe passasjen er en beskyttelsesanordning 76 anbrakt. Ved å anordne lufthullene pa-rallelt forskjøvet i forhold til tilstøtende avdeling sikres bevegelsen av luft gjennom fermenteringsmassen. Hvis f. eks. passa-sjene i tilstøtende avdelinger er i diago-nalt motsatt stilling tar luften en snarvei gj ennom apparatet og passerer gj ennom alt materialet i dette. Air is forced through the digestion apparatus by the compressor 66 driven by the motor 68 and introduced to the apparatus through the tube 70 and the valve 72. The air passes through an air hole or passage 74 in the periphery of each compartment. To prevent the material from passing through or to stop the passage, a protective device 76 is provided. By arranging the air holes in a parallel offset in relation to the adjacent compartment, the movement of air through the fermentation mass is ensured. If e.g. the passages in adjacent departments are in a diagonally opposite position, the air takes a shortcut through the device and passes through all the material in it.
Som luften passerer gjennom kamret tar den opp utviklet gass, særlig C02. Således økes konsentrasjonen gjennom opp-slutningskamrene. For å kontrollere luft-ningsstrømmen og således kontrollere klimaet i hver avdeling og fremskaffe optimale betingelser for veksten av de dominerende mikroorganismer i hvert kammer er der anordnet en ventil 78 for å ta ut overskuddsluft og gasser fra hvert kammer gjennom passasjen 80. Sikteavdelin-gen luftes av utløpet 82 som ikke behøver å være utstyrt med ventil, da alle gjenværende gasser skal tas ut derfra. As the air passes through the chamber it picks up evolved gas, particularly C02. Thus, the concentration is increased through the digestion chambers. In order to control the aeration flow and thus control the climate in each department and provide optimal conditions for the growth of the dominant microorganisms in each chamber, a valve 78 is arranged to remove excess air and gases from each chamber through the passage 80. The screening department is ventilated of the outlet 82 which does not need to be equipped with a valve, as all remaining gases must be removed from there.
Fremgangsmåten etter oppfinnelsen vil lettest forståes ved å anta at alle kamre er fylt med materiale inokulert med den dominerende mikroorganisme for hvert trinn. Apparatet roteres og luft tvinges inn i tør-kekamret 28 i egnet mengde og, hvis ønsket, ved en forhøyet temperatur for bedre å tørke materialet til paknlngstørrhet. Da den roterende strøm normalt vil overstige luftningsstrømmen nødvendig i kammeret 16 må en del av luften luftes ut til atmosfæren gjennom ventilen i luftpassasjen The method according to the invention will be most easily understood by assuming that all chambers are filled with material inoculated with the dominant microorganism for each step. The apparatus is rotated and air is forced into the drying chamber 28 in a suitable amount and, if desired, at an elevated temperature to better dry the material to packing dryness. As the rotating flow will normally exceed the aeration flow necessary in the chamber 16, part of the air must be vented to the atmosphere through the valve in the air passage
74 gjennom skilleveggen 30 og bare resten 74 through partition 30 and only the rest
av luften føres inn i avdelingen 16. Fermenteringsmassen er således egnet luftet for å stimulere fermenteringen uten over-luftnings eller underluftning, hvilke begge vil hemme slik fermentering. Luften som passerer gjennom kamret 28 stiger nå i temperatur, fuktighet og C02-konsentra-sjon. Deler av denne luft føres inn i kamret 14 for klimatisk kontroll av dette. På lignende måte gjentas prosessen for kamrene 12 og 10. of the air is introduced into compartment 16. The fermentation mass is thus suitably aerated to stimulate the fermentation without over-aeration or under-aeration, both of which will inhibit such fermentation. The air that passes through the chamber 28 now rises in temperature, humidity and C02 concentration. Parts of this air are fed into the chamber 14 for climatic control of this. In a similar manner, the process is repeated for chambers 12 and 10.
De nøyaktige mengder luft for hvert kammer bestemmes nøyaktigst av temperaturer og C02-konsentrasjoner for fermenteringsmassen. For opplysning skal imidlertid meddeles at det er funnet at de maksimale krav for kondisjonert luft er: Kammer 16 — 0,7 m'Vmin/2,8 m<3> materiale Kammer 14 — 0,42 m"'/min/2,8 m<:1> materiale Kammer 12 — 0,28 m<:i>/min/2,8 m:! materiale Kammer 10 — 0,14 m-ymin/2,8 m<:i> materiale The exact amounts of air for each chamber are most accurately determined by temperatures and C02 concentrations of the fermentation mass. For information, however, it must be announced that it has been found that the maximum requirements for conditioned air are: Chamber 16 — 0.7 m'Vmin/2.8 m<3> material Chamber 14 — 0.42 m"'/min/2, 8 m<:1> material Chamber 12 — 0.28 m<:i>/min/2.8 m:! material Chamber 10 — 0.14 m-ymin/2.8 m<:i> material
Det vil forståes at mengdene luft nød-vendig for luftning er nøyaktig fastlagt på forhånd og er meget lave i sammenligning med andre behandlingsmåter, og at ingen frisk atmosfærisk luft får adgang til ma-teriailet ved noen av f ennenteringstrinnene. Omveltningen av materialet i tromlen fore- It will be understood that the amounts of air necessary for aeration are precisely determined in advance and are very low in comparison with other treatment methods, and that no fresh atmospheric air gets access to the material at any of the venting steps. The upheaval of the material in the drum
bygger at luftkanaler danner seg i dette og sikrer også luftning. builds that air channels form in this and also ensures ventilation.
Under arbeidet vil apparatet normalt kontrolleres for å fremskaffe de egnede klimatiske betingelser for hvert av fer-menteringskamrene i overensstemmelse med kravene for temperatur og C02-kon-sentrasjoner, slik som angitt foran. Luft-strømmen vil falle innenfor de angitte om- During the work, the apparatus will normally be checked to provide the suitable climatic conditions for each of the fermentation chambers in accordance with the requirements for temperature and C02 concentrations, as indicated above. The air flow will fall within the specified re-
råder og vil normalt ytterligere konsentre- prevails and will normally further concentrate
res av maskinføreren ved måling av temperatur og C02-konsentrasjon i hvert kam- by the machine operator when measuring the temperature and C02 concentration in each chamber
mer. Hvis f. eks. C02-konsentrasjoneni for luften i massen faller under den som er an- more. If e.g. The C02 concentration in the air in the mass falls below that which is
gitt for egnet klimatisk kontroll i hvilket tilfelle også temperaturen sannsynligvis vil være for lav vil dette tjene som en peke- provided for suitable climatic control in which case the temperature is also likely to be too low this will serve as a point-
pind på at kamret mottar for meget luftningsluft og ventilen i luftpassasjen gjen- pin on the chamber receiving too much aeration air and the valve in the air passage again
nom veggen til nærmestliggende kammer kan åpnes og avgi mere luft til atmosfæren. nom the wall of the nearest chamber can be opened and emit more air to the atmosphere.
På den annen side, hvis temperaturen over- On the other hand, if the temperature over-
stiger den ønskede optimale temperatur og C02-konsentrasjonen er for høy er dette en indikasjon på at for lite luftningsluft mottas i kamret og ventilen kan delvis luk- if the desired optimum temperature rises and the C02 concentration is too high, this is an indication that too little aeration air is received in the chamber and the valve may partially close
kes. kes.
Når fermenteringsbehandlingen i kam- When the fermentation treatment in comb-
ret 16 er ferdig kan materialet overføres til tørkekamret 28 for å stanse prosessen og tørke materialet til egnet tørrhet for pak- ret 16 is finished, the material can be transferred to the drying chamber 28 to stop the process and dry the material to a suitable dryness for packaging
king. Da imidlertid overføringslommene er anbragt på avstand fra kamrets: periferi vil en fastlagt mengde av materialet forbli i kamret. Dette materiale tjener som in-okuleringsmiddel for nytt materiale i dette kammer. Det vil bemerkes at de domine- king. However, since the transfer pockets are spaced from the chamber's periphery, a fixed amount of the material will remain in the chamber. This material serves as an inoculating agent for new material in this chamber. It will be noted that the domi-
rende mikroorganismer for hvert fermen-teringsbrinn foreligger ved optimal utvik- micro-organisms for each fermentation stage are present at optimal development
ling og kammerklimaet opprettholdes ved maksimale betingelser for utvikling av sli- ling and the chamber climate is maintained at maximum conditions for the development of sli-
ke mikroorganismer i det nye materiale. ke microorganisms in the new material.
Således når materialet i kamret 14 er overført til kamret 16 vil rotasjonen av apparatet omhyggelig blande det nye ma- Thus, when the material in chamber 14 has been transferred to chamber 16, the rotation of the apparatus will carefully mix the new ma-
teriale med det gjenværende materiale i kamret 16 for gjennomgripende å inokulere det nye materiale med utviklede bakterier. Inokuleringen ved fullstendig blanding er nødvendig på grunn av den lave vandrings-hastighet for mikroorganismene. På lig- terial with the remaining material in chamber 16 to thoroughly inoculate the new material with developed bacteria. The inoculation by complete mixing is necessary because of the low migration speed of the microorganisms. On lig-
nende måte, inokuleringen er effektiv fordi klimaet opprettholdes ved slike betingelser for å fremme utviklingen av de spesielle mikroorganismer i dette fermenterings-tirinn. In this way, the inoculation is effective because the climate is maintained under such conditions to promote the development of the special microorganisms in this fermentation step.
På lignende måte overføres materialet In a similar way, the material is transferred
Claims (7)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US22182172A | 1972-01-28 | 1972-01-28 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO140057B true NO140057B (en) | 1979-03-19 |
| NO140057C NO140057C (en) | 1979-07-04 |
Family
ID=22829539
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO326/73A NO140057C (en) | 1972-01-28 | 1973-01-26 | ANALOGICAL PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF THERAPEUTICALLY ACTIVE ALFA-ARYL-4-SUBSTITUTED PIPERIDINOAL CANOL DERIVATIVES |
Country Status (26)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5115035B2 (en) |
| AR (1) | AR195314A1 (en) |
| AT (2) | AT323742B (en) |
| AU (1) | AU467361B2 (en) |
| BE (1) | BE794597A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA978946A (en) |
| CH (2) | CH587820A5 (en) |
| CS (1) | CS177834B2 (en) |
| DD (1) | DD103239A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2303306C3 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK136713B (en) |
| ES (1) | ES410731A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2181690B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1413138A (en) |
| HU (1) | HU166477B (en) |
| IE (1) | IE36983B1 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL41060A (en) |
| LU (1) | LU66916A1 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL175410C (en) |
| NO (1) | NO140057C (en) |
| PH (1) | PH10264A (en) |
| PL (1) | PL89095B1 (en) |
| SE (1) | SE382058B (en) |
| SU (1) | SU464997A3 (en) |
| YU (1) | YU36013B (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA728544B (en) |
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3941795A (en) | 1974-02-08 | 1976-03-02 | Richardson-Merrell Inc. | α-ARYL-4-SUBSTITUTED PIPERIDINOALKANOL DERIVATIVES |
| US4254129A (en) * | 1979-04-10 | 1981-03-03 | Richardson-Merrell Inc. | Piperidine derivatives |
| US4254130A (en) * | 1979-04-10 | 1981-03-03 | Richardson-Merrell Inc. | Piperidine derivatives |
| IT1200123B (en) * | 1985-09-27 | 1989-01-05 | Ind Chimica Srl | PROCESS FOR ALPHA PREPARATION |
| US4742175A (en) * | 1986-05-07 | 1988-05-03 | Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Preparation of polymorphically pure terfenadine |
| JPS63101760U (en) * | 1986-12-19 | 1988-07-02 | ||
| IT1205685B (en) * | 1987-05-26 | 1989-03-31 | Erregierre Spa | PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF ALPHA- (ALCHYLPHENYL) -4- (HYDROXY DIPHENYLMETHYL) -1-PIPERIDINE BUTANOL |
| IL93499A0 (en) * | 1989-02-28 | 1990-11-29 | Merrell Dow Pharma | Preparation of the low melting polymorphic form of terfenadine |
| CA2015390A1 (en) * | 1989-05-01 | 1990-11-01 | Frederick J. Mccarty | Process for the preparation of the high melting polymorphic of terfenadine |
| DE3917241A1 (en) * | 1989-05-26 | 1990-11-29 | Schaper & Bruemmer Gmbh | 4- (HYDROXYDIPHENYLMETHYL) -1-PIPERIDYL-PHENYLALKANE DERIVATIVES |
| EP0596120A4 (en) * | 1991-08-09 | 1994-07-06 | Yoshitomi Pharmaceutical | Thiophene compound. |
| CA2216877A1 (en) * | 1995-05-08 | 1996-11-14 | Hoechst Marion Roussel, Inc. | Alpha-(substituted alkylphenyl)-4-(hydroxydiphenylmethyl)-1-piperidine butanol derivatives, their preparation and their use as anti-histamines, anti-allergy agents and bronchodilators |
| DE59810863D1 (en) * | 1997-03-11 | 2004-04-08 | Aventis Pharma Inc | Process for the preparation of 4- (4- (4- (hydroxydiphenyl) -1-piperidinyl) -1-hydroxybutyl) alpha, alpha-dimenthylphenylacetic acid and phosphorylated derivatives |
| US7498345B2 (en) * | 2004-09-17 | 2009-03-03 | Albany Molecular Research, Inc. | Process for production of piperidine derivatives |
| US8153385B2 (en) | 2004-10-18 | 2012-04-10 | Reverse Proteomics Research Institute Co., Ltd. | Target protein and target gene in drug designing and screening method |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3081303A (en) * | 1961-10-13 | 1963-03-12 | Searle & Co | 1-aminoalkyl-alpha, alpha-diphenylpiperidine-methanols |
| GB1242169A (en) * | 1969-04-09 | 1971-08-11 | Ucb Sa | Piperidine derivatives |
-
1972
- 1972-12-04 ZA ZA728544A patent/ZA728544B/en unknown
- 1972-12-05 IE IE1689/72A patent/IE36983B1/en unknown
- 1972-12-08 PH PH14156A patent/PH10264A/en unknown
- 1972-12-11 AU AU49893/72A patent/AU467361B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1972-12-12 IL IL41060A patent/IL41060A/en unknown
- 1972-12-15 GB GB5799572A patent/GB1413138A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-12-20 CH CH1854272A patent/CH587820A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1972-12-20 CH CH1381476A patent/CH593259A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1972-12-27 JP JP47130136A patent/JPS5115035B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1972-12-29 AT AT246074*1A patent/AT323742B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1972-12-29 AT AT1115372A patent/AT321917B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1973
- 1973-01-08 YU YU34/73A patent/YU36013B/en unknown
- 1973-01-16 CA CA161,413A patent/CA978946A/en not_active Expired
- 1973-01-17 HU HURI498A patent/HU166477B/hu unknown
- 1973-01-18 ES ES410731A patent/ES410731A1/en not_active Expired
- 1973-01-22 NL NLAANVRAGE7300873,A patent/NL175410C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1973-01-24 DE DE2303306A patent/DE2303306C3/en not_active Expired
- 1973-01-24 FR FR7302503A patent/FR2181690B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1973-01-24 SE SE7300974A patent/SE382058B/en active Protection Beyond IP Right Term
- 1973-01-25 DD DD168482A patent/DD103239A5/xx unknown
- 1973-01-26 BE BE794597D patent/BE794597A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1973-01-26 LU LU66916A patent/LU66916A1/xx unknown
- 1973-01-26 CS CS630A patent/CS177834B2/cs unknown
- 1973-01-26 NO NO326/73A patent/NO140057C/en unknown
- 1973-01-26 PL PL1973160419A patent/PL89095B1/pl unknown
- 1973-01-26 DK DK44973AA patent/DK136713B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1973-01-26 AR AR246313A patent/AR195314A1/en active
- 1973-01-27 SU SU1878074A patent/SU464997A3/en active
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