NO136601B - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- NO136601B NO136601B NO174071A NO174071A NO136601B NO 136601 B NO136601 B NO 136601B NO 174071 A NO174071 A NO 174071A NO 174071 A NO174071 A NO 174071A NO 136601 B NO136601 B NO 136601B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- boric acid
- flame
- glue
- ammonia
- added
- Prior art date
Links
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011093 chipboard Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 2
- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus decaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L Zinc chloride Inorganic materials [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000001465 calcium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
- H04N9/44—Colour synchronisation
- H04N9/455—Generation of colour burst signals; Insertion of colour burst signals in colour picture signals or separation of colour burst signals from colour picture signals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
- H04N9/44—Colour synchronisation
- H04N9/465—Synchronisation of the PAL-switch
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Processing Of Color Television Signals (AREA)
- Color Television Systems (AREA)
- Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Description
Flammemotstandsdyktig tresponplate. Flame-resistant chipboard.
Som flammebeskyttende middel for im-pregnering eller maling av tre, vev og andre brennbare stoffer, blir som bekjent brukt metallsalter, som f. eks. kalsium-, sink-eller ammoniumklorid og ammoniumfosfat i oppløst form, og slike blir allerede fremstillet. Man har også brukt flammebeskyttende midler i form av pulvere hvor de enkelte metallsalter er forenet til en fast masse, som bl. a. også inneholder borsyre-pulver. Denne blanding blir sluttelig brukt i en 10 til 15 pst. oppløsning. Metal salts, such as e.g. calcium, zinc or ammonium chloride and ammonium phosphate in dissolved form, and such are already being produced. Flame retardants have also been used in the form of powders where the individual metal salts are combined into a solid mass, such as a. also contains boric acid powder. This mixture is finally used in a 10 to 15 percent solution.
Forsøk med å bruke det kjente, flam-mehemmende sekundære eller primære ammoniumfosfat som impregneringsmid-del for tresponplater, ga ikke noe særlig gunstig resultat, da kvaliteten av platen ved slik tilsetning ble betydelig redusert uten at det ble oppnådd tilsvarende for-bedring av den brannhemmende virkning. Virkningen av ammoniumfosfatet beror som bekjent på at dette salt ved høyere temperatur spaltes i ammoniakk, vann og fosforpentoksyd, hvorved den frigjorte ikke brennbare ammoniakk forsinker oppflam-mingen. En merkbar virkning av dette salt inntrer imidlertid først ved tilsetning av ca. 5—10 pst. av sponvekten. Attempts to use the known, flame-retardant secondary or primary ammonium phosphate as an impregnation agent for chipboards did not give any particularly favorable results, as the quality of the board was significantly reduced by such addition without a corresponding improvement in the fire-retardant being achieved effect. The effect of the ammonium phosphate is due, as is well known, to the fact that this salt breaks down at a higher temperature into ammonia, water and phosphorus pentoxide, whereby the released non-flammable ammonia delays the ignition. However, a noticeable effect of this salt only occurs when approx. 5-10 percent of the chip weight.
Bruker man imidlertid en slik mengde, så er ammoniakkutviklingen i løpet av However, if such a quantity is used, the ammonia development is during
pressetiden ved en pressetemperatur på ca. 150° C allerede så stor at platene brister. Den alkaliske reaksjon av ammoniakken hindrer dessuten bindemidlets herdning. Man kan følgelig bare tilsette 2 til 3 pst. the press time at a press temperature of approx. 150° C already so great that the plates burst. The alkaline reaction of the ammonia also prevents the binder from hardening. You can therefore only add 2 to 3 percent.
av dette kjemikalium, men dermed vil man neppe oppnå en tilstrekkelig brannhemmende virkning. of this chemical, but this will hardly achieve a sufficient fire-retardant effect.
De øvrige nevnte salter som sink- eller kalsiumklorid, kan ikke benyttes i sponplater da de er hygroskopiske. Heller ikke ammoniumklorid kan brukes, da det på grunn av sin sterkt sure reaksjon ville be-virke en alt for hurtig herding av de urinstoff-, melamin- eller fenolharpikser som anvendes som bindemiddel. Likeledes ville det ved de nevnte midler bli frigjort skade-lige gasser, som hydrogenklorid og ammoniakk. The other mentioned salts, such as zinc or calcium chloride, cannot be used in chipboard as they are hygroscopic. Ammonium chloride cannot be used either, as due to its strongly acidic reaction it would cause the urea, melamine or phenolic resins used as binder to harden too quickly. Likewise, harmful gases, such as hydrogen chloride and ammonia, would be released by the means mentioned.
På grunnlag av tallrike forsøk er det nå fastslått at tilsetning av 3—15 vekt-prosent borsyre i granulat eller pulverform til tresponen, etter at den er tørret, men før limpåføringen, gir en sponplate som er flammemotstandsdyktig. Virkningen av borsyren ligger i at den ved temperaturer over 100° C spaltes i vann og bortrioksyd. Bortrioksydet smelter ved videre oppvarm-ing allerede ved 294° C, og blir nå oppsugd av tresponen, som blir impregnert av den glasslignende bortrioksydsmelte og ikke kan flamme opp mer. On the basis of numerous experiments, it has now been established that the addition of 3-15% by weight of boric acid in granular or powder form to the wood shavings, after it has been dried, but before the application of glue, produces a chipboard that is flame resistant. The effect of boric acid lies in the fact that at temperatures above 100° C it splits into water and boron trioxide. The boron trioxide melts on further heating already at 294° C, and is now absorbed by the wood shavings, which are impregnated by the glass-like molten boron trioxide and can no longer ignite.
I og for seg kunne borsyren settes til tresponene etter limtilsetningen. Dette ville imidlertid være vesentlig ugunstigere fordi borsyrepulveret ville legge seg på lim-laget slik at limets bindekraft ikke ville komme til sin fulle rett. Ved at borsyrepulveret kom til å ligge mellom de flater som skulle belegges med lim, ville de en-kelte spon bindes svakere sammen, hvilket ville føre til sponplater med dårligere me-kaniske egenskaper. Således vil for eksem-pel skjærfastheten av plater med samme In and of itself, the boric acid could be added to the wood shavings after the addition of glue. However, this would be significantly less favorable because the boric acid powder would settle on the glue layer so that the glue's binding power would not reach its full potential. As the boric acid powder came to lie between the surfaces to be coated with glue, the individual chips would be bound together more weakly, which would lead to chipboards with poorer mechanical properties. Thus, for example, the shear strength of plates will with the same
spesifikke vekt som er fremstillet av spon specific weight which is made from shavings
med samme kvalitet og samme belimings-grad dvs. samme innhold av harpiksfast-stoff, være 4,8 kg/cm- og 6,0 kg/cm- når with the same quality and the same degree of gluing, i.e. the same content of resin solids, be 4.8 kg/cm- and 6.0 kg/cm- when
borsyren tilsettes henholdsvis etter og før the boric acid is added respectively after and before
limpåføringen. For å oppnå den samme the adhesive application. To achieve the same
platekvalitet ved tilsetning av borsyre etter plate quality by adding boric acid after
limpåføringen som ved borsyretilsetning the glue application as with the addition of boric acid
før limpåføringen ville det i det førstnevnte before the glue application, it would in the former
tilfelle være nødvendig med vesentlig større in the event that a significantly larger one is required
bindemiddelmengder, hvilket ville resul-. tere i en mindre økonomisk fremstillings-prosess. amounts of binder, which would resul-. tere in a less economical manufacturing process.
Platene motstår brann minst dobbelt The boards resist fire at least twice
så lenge som en vanlig plate uten tilsetning. Heller ikke utvikler borsyren skade-lige gasser, som f. eks. hydrogenklorid eller as long as a regular plate without additives. Nor does the boric acid develop harmful gases, such as e.g. hydrogen chloride or
ammoniakk. Videre har borsyren en for-delaktig virkning på sponplaten, forsåvidt ammonia. Furthermore, the boric acid has a beneficial effect on the chipboard, of course
som den minsker vannopptagning og svel-ling av platen, hvilket oppnås ved en bedre herdning av de vanlige kunstharpiksbinde-midler som urinstoff-, melamin og fenolharpikser. Denne bedre herdning blir frem-met ved den svakt sure reaksjon av borsyren (pH-verdi ca. 5). as it reduces water absorption and swelling of the plate, which is achieved by a better hardening of the usual synthetic resin binders such as urea, melamine and phenolic resins. This better hardening is brought about by the slightly acidic reaction of the boric acid (pH value approx. 5).
Denne plate brenner ikke ved å utsette for en flamme, og heller ikke gløder eller ulmer den etter at flammen er fjernet. Ved sterk flammepåvirkning inntrer bare en forkulling. Motstandsdyktigheten mot brann er minst dobbelt så stor som for en vanlig uimpregnert plate. This plate does not burn when exposed to a flame, nor does it glow or smolder after the flame is removed. In the case of strong flame exposure, only charring occurs. The resistance to fire is at least twice as great as for a normal non-impregnated board.
I det etterfølgende er gitt en sammen-lignende oversikt av prøveresultater for en uimpregnert sponplate, en som er impregnert med 5 pst. ammonfosfat og en som er impregnert med ca. 10 pst. borsyre. In what follows, a comparative overview of test results is given for an unimpregnated chipboard, one that is impregnated with 5% ammonium phosphate and one that is impregnated with approx. 10 percent boric acid.
Brannprøven ble utført på den måten at like store platestykker ble utsatt for en flamme i 5 minutter under like betingelser. The fire test was carried out in such a way that equal-sized pieces of plate were exposed to a flame for 5 minutes under the same conditions.
Som det fremgår av oversikten er den As can be seen from the overview, it is
plate som er behandlet med borsyre, ikke plate treated with boric acid does not
bare flammefri, men oppviser også en al-minnelighet kvalitetsforbedring således f. only flame-free, but also shows an al-like quality improvement, thus e.g.
eks. med hensyn til vannopptagning, tyk-kelse-svelling og bøyefasthet. e.g. with regard to water absorption, thickness swelling and flexural strength.
i in
Claims (2)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE1967T0034350 DE1278494B (en) | 1967-07-19 | 1967-07-19 | Circuit in a PAL color television receiver to correct the switching phase of the line-frequency switch |
| DE1967T0034815 DE1537479B2 (en) | 1967-07-19 | 1967-09-19 | Circuit in a PAL color television receiver to correct the switching phase of the line-frequency switch |
| NO282568A NO122989B (en) | 1967-07-19 | 1968-07-17 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO136601B true NO136601B (en) | 1977-06-20 |
| NO136601C NO136601C (en) | 1977-09-28 |
Family
ID=48537728
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO282568A NO122989B (en) | 1967-07-19 | 1968-07-17 | |
| NO174071A NO136601C (en) | 1967-07-19 | 1971-05-10 | PAL COLOR TV RECEIVER WITH CONNECTING AND DISCONNECTING THE MODULATED COLOR FARMER. |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO282568A NO122989B (en) | 1967-07-19 | 1968-07-17 |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AT (1) | AT282717B (en) |
| AU (2) | AU425473B2 (en) |
| BE (1) | BE718244A (en) |
| DE (2) | DE1278494B (en) |
| DK (1) | DK126080C (en) |
| ES (1) | ES356250A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI42730C (en) |
| FR (1) | FR1593556A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1239052A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL6810041A (en) |
| NO (2) | NO122989B (en) |
| NZ (2) | NZ153182A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE330219B (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS531608B1 (en) * | 1971-05-04 | 1978-01-20 | ||
| JPS5426789Y2 (en) * | 1974-07-23 | 1979-09-03 | ||
| JPS5346226A (en) * | 1976-10-08 | 1978-04-25 | Toshiba Corp | Color television receiving circuit for pal |
| US4148058A (en) * | 1977-09-26 | 1979-04-03 | Rca Corporation | PAL switching control circuit |
| JPS5542482A (en) * | 1978-09-19 | 1980-03-25 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | Color signal circuit of pal color television receiver |
| JPS5730486A (en) * | 1980-07-30 | 1982-02-18 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Chrominance demodulator |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NZ145104A (en) * | 1965-05-21 |
-
0
- NZ NZ153808D patent/NZ153808A/xx unknown
- NZ NZ153182D patent/NZ153182A/xx unknown
-
1967
- 1967-07-19 DE DE1967T0034350 patent/DE1278494B/en active Pending
- 1967-09-19 DE DE1967T0034815 patent/DE1537479B2/en active Granted
-
1968
- 1968-07-15 SE SE971468A patent/SE330219B/xx unknown
- 1968-07-16 NL NL6810041A patent/NL6810041A/xx unknown
- 1968-07-16 AU AU40684/68A patent/AU425473B2/en not_active Expired
- 1968-07-17 ES ES356250A patent/ES356250A1/en not_active Expired
- 1968-07-17 NO NO282568A patent/NO122989B/no unknown
- 1968-07-17 FI FI203568A patent/FI42730C/en active
- 1968-07-17 FR FR1593556D patent/FR1593556A/fr not_active Expired
- 1968-07-18 DK DK348468A patent/DK126080C/en active
- 1968-07-18 BE BE718244D patent/BE718244A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1968-07-18 AT AT692768A patent/AT282717B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1968-07-19 GB GB1239052D patent/GB1239052A/en not_active Expired
- 1968-09-03 AU AU42906/68A patent/AU426913B2/en not_active Expired
-
1971
- 1971-05-10 NO NO174071A patent/NO136601C/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NO136601C (en) | 1977-09-28 |
| DK126080B (en) | 1973-06-04 |
| SE330219B (en) | 1970-11-09 |
| AU425473B2 (en) | 1972-06-26 |
| ES356250A1 (en) | 1970-01-01 |
| BE718244A (en) | 1968-12-31 |
| NL6810041A (en) | 1969-01-21 |
| FR1593556A (en) | 1970-06-01 |
| AU4068468A (en) | 1970-01-22 |
| FI42730B (en) | 1970-06-30 |
| DK348468A (en) | |
| NO122989B (en) | 1971-09-13 |
| FI203568A (en) | 1969-01-20 |
| NZ153808A (en) | |
| GB1239052A (en) | 1971-07-14 |
| DE1537479B2 (en) | 1975-07-24 |
| AT282717B (en) | 1970-07-10 |
| NZ153182A (en) | |
| DE1537479A1 (en) | 1969-09-25 |
| DK126080C (en) | 1976-07-19 |
| DE1278494B (en) | 1968-09-26 |
| FI42730C (en) | 1970-10-12 |
| AU426913B2 (en) | 1972-08-07 |
| AU4290668A (en) | 1970-03-12 |
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