CA2256398A1 - Fireproofing agent for particle or fibre boards - Google Patents
Fireproofing agent for particle or fibre boards Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2256398A1 CA2256398A1 CA002256398A CA2256398A CA2256398A1 CA 2256398 A1 CA2256398 A1 CA 2256398A1 CA 002256398 A CA002256398 A CA 002256398A CA 2256398 A CA2256398 A CA 2256398A CA 2256398 A1 CA2256398 A1 CA 2256398A1
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- Prior art keywords
- weight
- parts
- fire
- fibers
- chips
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K21/00—Fireproofing materials
- C09K21/02—Inorganic materials
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0028—Liquid extinguishing substances
- A62D1/0035—Aqueous solutions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N9/00—Arrangements for fireproofing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K2240/00—Purpose of the treatment
- B27K2240/30—Fireproofing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/16—Inorganic impregnating agents
- B27K3/163—Compounds of boron
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
- B27K3/16—Inorganic impregnating agents
- B27K3/32—Mixtures of different inorganic impregnating agents
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
- Fireproofing Substances (AREA)
Abstract
The invention concerns a fireproofing agent which can be applied to boards or shaped parts of particles or fibres, obtained from wood or components of annual plants, in order to render them fireproof. The fireproofing agent according to the invention contains between 65 and 85, preferably 74, parts by weight ammonium sulphate, between 10 and 25, preferably 19, parts by weight borax and between 4 and 10, preferably 7, parts by weight trisodiumphosphate.
In addition, between 0.5 and 2 parts by weight, preferably 1 part by weight, sodium metasilicate can be added. The invention further concerns a method of fireproofing boards or shaped parts of this type. According to this method, the particles or fibres are first impregnated with a solution of the fireproofing agent according to the invention, are then dried to a moisture content of between approximately 1 % and approximately 12 %, preferably between 1 and 4 %, are subsequently glued with a binder, combined to form pressed mats, and finally compressed to form boards or shaped parts.
In addition, between 0.5 and 2 parts by weight, preferably 1 part by weight, sodium metasilicate can be added. The invention further concerns a method of fireproofing boards or shaped parts of this type. According to this method, the particles or fibres are first impregnated with a solution of the fireproofing agent according to the invention, are then dried to a moisture content of between approximately 1 % and approximately 12 %, preferably between 1 and 4 %, are subsequently glued with a binder, combined to form pressed mats, and finally compressed to form boards or shaped parts.
Description
CA 022~6398 1998-11-27 FiLF.puLl~T~J~
PCT/EP 97/ 02780 i ~ .
April 23, 1998 Description The invention relates to a fire-protection agent for sheets or moldings made from chips or fibers which have been obtained from timber or from constituents of annual plants, and also to such boards and moldings which comprise a fire-protection agent of this type. The invention also relates to a process for providing fire resistance to such sheets or moldings.
Sheets or moldings of the type described are generally very flammable. However, their material properties give them a variety of applications as working materials, for example in furniture construction and the interior fitting of buildings, and also in motor vehicles. In many of the possible uses, however, the ready flammability of the particle boards or fiberboards and moldings, deriving from the ready combustibility of the organic raw materials used, is a disadvantage. Especially in the building industry, it is desirable on safety grounds to use only working materials which have low flammability or are fire-resistant.
Attempts have continually been made in the past to provide fire retardancy or fire resistance to boards of timber materials and boards made from sustainable raw materials. For example, DE 31 44 773 A1 proposes applying an aqueous solution of inorganic salts to wood-chip granules which are to be press-molded to give a wood-chip molding, and then applying glue to the granules and press-molding these. However, it is also necessary according to this prior art additionally to apply a fire-resistant layer to the surfaces of the wood-chip moldings in order to be able to produce wood-AMENDED SHEET
.. ..... . ..
- la -chip moldings which are not just fire-retardant but P~MENDED SHEET
.. ..
CA 022~6398 1998-11-27 A process for providing fire resistance to a cellulose material has been described in DE 29 23 587 Al. In this it is claimed that the cellulose material is impregnated with phosphoric acid and with an aqueous solution which comprises at least one amonium [sic]
salt, for example amonium [sic] sulfate. Other substances, such as borax and trisodium phosphate, may be added here. The main constituent of this known impregnating solution is phosphoric acid, to which the desired flame-retardant effect is primarily attributed.
An impregnating solution of this type is, however, not usable when producing particle boards or fiberboards, since the phosphoric acid gives them an acid reaction and the binders used when producing particle boards and fiberboards would precure before the compression procedure, and this would be extremely disadvantageous.
An example of the provision of flame retardancy to timber is given in CN 1 100 592. This prior art, however, likewise does not concern itself with the provision of fire resistance to particle boards and fiberboards or to moldings in which the chips and/or fibers have already been impregnated with a fire-protection agent during the production process.
The object on which the invention is based is therefore to propose a fire-protection agent which can be used to provide fire resistance to sheets or moldings made from AMENDED SHEET
CA 022~6398 l998-ll-27 - 2~- PCT/EP97/02780 The objcct on ~h;ch thc invcntion ~ , therefore to propose a ~ t which can be used to ~rovid~~~~ire resistance to boards or ~ g~ m~dc -f- ~ chips or fibers which have been obtained from timber or from constituents of annual plants. A further object of the invention is to provide boards and moldings of the type described which are fire-resistant or highly fire-resistant, and also to propose a process for providing fire resistance to boards or moldings of the type described. The fire-protection agent proposed here must be compatible with the usual binders for gluing the chips or fibers and when exposed to a flame must not evolve any smoke gases hazardous to health.
According to the invention, this object is achieved by means of a fire-protection agent which comprises from 65 to 85 parts by weight, preferably 74 parts by weight, of ammonium sulfate, from 10 to 25 parts by weight, preferably 19 parts by weight, of borax and from 4 to 10 parts by weight, preferably 7 parts by weight, of trisodium phosphate. The moldings and boards proposed according to the invention comprise this fire-protection agent.
The process according to the invention for providing fire resistance to boards or moldings of the type described at the outset includes the following steps:
- the chips or fibers are impregnated with the proposed fire-protection agent in a solution, - the impregnated chips or fibers are dried to a moisture content of from about 1 to about 12%, preferably from 1 to 4%, - a glue in the form of a binder is applied to the impregnated and dried chips or fibers, - the impregnated and dried chips or fibers, to which a glue has been applied, are compressed to give pressed mats and then press-molded to give boards or moldings.
CA 022~6398 1998-11-27 The proposed fire-protection agent is a mixture of inorganic salts which do not comprise any chlorides and are nontoxic. It is compatible with all known condensation resins and polymerization resins, for example urea resins, melamine resins and phenol-formaldehyde resins, epoxy resins, novolak resins, PMDI
resins, etc. In addition, it does not give rise to any volatilization of harmful gases from the finished sheet or molding.
The ammonium sulfate present in the proposed fire-protection agent promotes the surface-carbonization of cellulose via formation of sulfuric acld .
Borax swells on heating and additionally acts as a disinfectanti it also serves as an agent for melt flow during press-molding of the pressed mats. The trisodium phosphate which is also present in the fire-protection agent decomposes from 75~C to give NaOH and P2Os; it has emulsifying, water-softening and buffering properties.
Mixing these three salts in the ratio given produces a fire-protection agent which can be used to provide fire resistance to boards or moldings made from chips or fibers which have been obtained from wood or from constituents of annual plants.
An advantageous further development of the novel fire-protection agent consists in admixing additionally from 0.5 to 2 parts by weight, preferably 1 part by weight, of sodium metasilicate. Sodium metasilicate has a water-softening effect and acts as a wetting agent, and also as a disinfectant, and on heating releases water. If it is admixed with the fire-protection agent in a solution it serves as a wetting agent and thus promotes the wetting of the chips or fibers with the fire-protection agent. An advantageous side effect consists in the fungicidal and insecticidal properties which the fire-protection agent obtains as a result of admixing of the sodium metasilicate.
CA 022~6398 l998-ll-27 The proposed fire-protection agent is most advantageously used if it is present in an aqueous solution, where the concentration of the solution may be from 20 to 50%, preferably from 30 to 35%. The chips or fibers may be saturated and thus impregnated with an aqueous solution of this type before the glue is applied and before press-molding to give boards or moldings.
To achieve the other objects the invention proposes boards or moldings made from chips or fibers which have been obtained from timber or from constituents of annual plants and which comprise the abovementioned novel fire-protection agent. This fire-protection agent may include ammonium sulfate, borax and trisodium phosphate in the mixing ratios given above or, as an advantageous further development, additionally comprise sodium metasilicate.
The boards or moldings have the best flame-retardant properties if the ratio of the dry weight of the proposed fire-protection agent to the dry weight of the chips or fibers is from 0.1 to 0.4, preferably 0.2.
According to the invention, fire-resistant boards or moldings made from chips or fibers are produced using the process described in Claim 11. A
solution of the proposed fire-protection agent is therefore used to preimpregnate the chips or fibers, the chips or fibers being saturated with the solution.
The fire-protection agent here may comprise the mixture of salts given in Claim 1 or the mixture of salts described in Claim 2. The fire-protection agent is preferably present in an aqueous solution with a concentration of from 20 to 50%, preferably from 30 to 35%. The preimpregnation of the chips or fibers with the fire-protection agent may take place in a dip bath or else by injecting the fire-protection agent into a continuous mixer or into a screw mixer. The density of the solution used of the fire-protection agent is ,, CA 022~6398 1998-11-27 preferably about 1.2 g/cm3, and its pH is slightly alkaline, preferably about 8.5.
For the application of glue to the chips or fibers, their moisture content must not usually exceed about 12%. It is therefore necessary, after the impregnation with an aqueous solution of the fire-protection agent, to dry the impregnated chips or fibers. After the drying, the impregnated chips or fibers have a pH of from about 3.5 to 4.5.
Urea resins or melamine resins are preferably used for the glue application to the chips or fibers impregnated with the fire-protection agent. A great advantage of this is that the ammonium sulfate present in the fire-protection agent dissociates during the press-molding of the chips or fibers due to the heating which occurs during that process, and functions as a curing agent for the binder. This means that it is not necessary to add a separate substance as a curing agent. In the case of chips or fibers made of straw, however, PMDI resins are preferably used as binders.
Using the novel process it is possible to produce boards or moldings made of chips or fibers, which are fire-resistant to highly fire-resistant without the need to apply an additional fire-retardant coating.
The invention is further explained below using two examples.
Example 1:
Pine chips were obtained in a known manner by chipping logs in such a way that their length was from 5 to 15 mm, their width from 2 to 4 mm and their thickness from 0.2 to 0.5 mm. These chips were predried to a moisture content of about 30%.
A solution of the fire-protection agent of the following composition was added to the predried chips in a continuous mixer:
CA 022S6398 l998-ll-27 50 parts by weight of water, 37 parts by weight of ammonium sulfate, 9.5 parts by weight of borax, 3.5 parts by weight of trisodium phosphate.
The ratio of the weight of the solution added of the fire-protection agent to the dry weight of the chips was 0. 6.
The impregnated chip material was then dried in a drum drier to a residual moisture of about 1% and fed into a mixer for applying glue. In the mixer for applying glue, an aqueous binder of the following composition was added to the impregnated chip material:
82.5 parts by weight of liquid urea-formaldehyde resin (65% strength), 5 parts by weight of paraffin emulsion (50% strength), 12.5 parts by weight of water.
In this step there was no need to add a substance as a curing agent, since the dried impregnated chip material had a pH of from 3.5 to 4 and the fire-protection agent added therefore functioned as a curing agent on compression. The ratio of the weight 25 of the aqueous binder to the weight of the dried, impregnated chip material was about 0. 2 The chips to which glue had been applied were then spread out to form a mat and press-molded for 3.4 min at a temperature of 180~C with a press time 30 factor of 10 sec/mm to give a particle board. The resultant particle board had the following parameters:
Thickness: 20.4 mm Density: 650 kg/m3 Weight per m2: about 13.3 kg Flexural strength: about 24 N/mm2 Transverse tensile strength (V 20): about 0. 42 N/mm2 Transverse tensile strength (V 100): about 0.18 N/mm2 CA 022~6398 1998-11-27 Thickness swelling (2 h): about 5.5%
The finished particle board can be used as a furniture board in dry and damp areas, and also externally as in the DIN Standards 68761 (Parts 1 and 4), 68762, 68763 and 68800.
The fire resistance of the particle board was tested by directing the full flame of a bunsen burner at a distance of 13.5 cm onto the surface of the board, as a result of which the temperature prevailing there was from 800 to 1000~C. Flame application for 5 min did not ignite the particle board. All that was observed was surface carbonization; very little smoke was generated. The particle board fulfilled the requirements of the DIN 4102 Standard.
Example 2:
Wheat straw was comminuted and separated into fibers with a length of from 4 to 8 mm, a width of from 0.5 to 2 mm and a thickness of about 0.15 mm. These straw fibers were mixed in a screw mixer with a fire-protection agent in a solution of the following composition:
21 parts by weight of ammonium sulfate, 5.4 parts by weight of borax, 3 parts by weight of trisodium phosphate, 0.6 parts by weight of sodium metasilicate, 70 parts by weight of water.
The ratio of the weight of the added solution of the fire-protection agent to the dry weight of the straw fibers was 0.67.
The impregnated straw fibers were then freed from excess solution of the fire-protection agent in a dewatering screw device and then dried to a residual moisture content of about 4%.
CA 022~6398 l998-ll-27 PMDI resin was sprayed onto these straw fibers in such a way that the ratio of the weight of the PMDI
resin to the dry weight of the straw fibers was 0. 06.
The impregnated and glued straw fibers were spread out to form a mat, heated in a preheating station to a core temperature of about 60~C and then press-molded for 4.4 min at a temperature of 200~C and with a press time factor of 15 sec/mm, to give a fiberboard. The finished fiberboard had the following parameters:
Thickness: 17.5 mm Density: 550 kg/m3 Weight per m2: 9. 6 kg The flame of a bunsen burner was also applied to this fiberboard at a distance of 13.5 cm in such a way that the temperature at the surface of the board was from 800 to 1000~C. After the flame had been applied for 5 min the board had not undergone any change other than surface carbonization, which developed without generation of flames. Very little smoke generation was observed during this. The DIN 4102 Standard was again complied with.
PCT/EP 97/ 02780 i ~ .
April 23, 1998 Description The invention relates to a fire-protection agent for sheets or moldings made from chips or fibers which have been obtained from timber or from constituents of annual plants, and also to such boards and moldings which comprise a fire-protection agent of this type. The invention also relates to a process for providing fire resistance to such sheets or moldings.
Sheets or moldings of the type described are generally very flammable. However, their material properties give them a variety of applications as working materials, for example in furniture construction and the interior fitting of buildings, and also in motor vehicles. In many of the possible uses, however, the ready flammability of the particle boards or fiberboards and moldings, deriving from the ready combustibility of the organic raw materials used, is a disadvantage. Especially in the building industry, it is desirable on safety grounds to use only working materials which have low flammability or are fire-resistant.
Attempts have continually been made in the past to provide fire retardancy or fire resistance to boards of timber materials and boards made from sustainable raw materials. For example, DE 31 44 773 A1 proposes applying an aqueous solution of inorganic salts to wood-chip granules which are to be press-molded to give a wood-chip molding, and then applying glue to the granules and press-molding these. However, it is also necessary according to this prior art additionally to apply a fire-resistant layer to the surfaces of the wood-chip moldings in order to be able to produce wood-AMENDED SHEET
.. ..... . ..
- la -chip moldings which are not just fire-retardant but P~MENDED SHEET
.. ..
CA 022~6398 1998-11-27 A process for providing fire resistance to a cellulose material has been described in DE 29 23 587 Al. In this it is claimed that the cellulose material is impregnated with phosphoric acid and with an aqueous solution which comprises at least one amonium [sic]
salt, for example amonium [sic] sulfate. Other substances, such as borax and trisodium phosphate, may be added here. The main constituent of this known impregnating solution is phosphoric acid, to which the desired flame-retardant effect is primarily attributed.
An impregnating solution of this type is, however, not usable when producing particle boards or fiberboards, since the phosphoric acid gives them an acid reaction and the binders used when producing particle boards and fiberboards would precure before the compression procedure, and this would be extremely disadvantageous.
An example of the provision of flame retardancy to timber is given in CN 1 100 592. This prior art, however, likewise does not concern itself with the provision of fire resistance to particle boards and fiberboards or to moldings in which the chips and/or fibers have already been impregnated with a fire-protection agent during the production process.
The object on which the invention is based is therefore to propose a fire-protection agent which can be used to provide fire resistance to sheets or moldings made from AMENDED SHEET
CA 022~6398 l998-ll-27 - 2~- PCT/EP97/02780 The objcct on ~h;ch thc invcntion ~ , therefore to propose a ~ t which can be used to ~rovid~~~~ire resistance to boards or ~ g~ m~dc -f- ~ chips or fibers which have been obtained from timber or from constituents of annual plants. A further object of the invention is to provide boards and moldings of the type described which are fire-resistant or highly fire-resistant, and also to propose a process for providing fire resistance to boards or moldings of the type described. The fire-protection agent proposed here must be compatible with the usual binders for gluing the chips or fibers and when exposed to a flame must not evolve any smoke gases hazardous to health.
According to the invention, this object is achieved by means of a fire-protection agent which comprises from 65 to 85 parts by weight, preferably 74 parts by weight, of ammonium sulfate, from 10 to 25 parts by weight, preferably 19 parts by weight, of borax and from 4 to 10 parts by weight, preferably 7 parts by weight, of trisodium phosphate. The moldings and boards proposed according to the invention comprise this fire-protection agent.
The process according to the invention for providing fire resistance to boards or moldings of the type described at the outset includes the following steps:
- the chips or fibers are impregnated with the proposed fire-protection agent in a solution, - the impregnated chips or fibers are dried to a moisture content of from about 1 to about 12%, preferably from 1 to 4%, - a glue in the form of a binder is applied to the impregnated and dried chips or fibers, - the impregnated and dried chips or fibers, to which a glue has been applied, are compressed to give pressed mats and then press-molded to give boards or moldings.
CA 022~6398 1998-11-27 The proposed fire-protection agent is a mixture of inorganic salts which do not comprise any chlorides and are nontoxic. It is compatible with all known condensation resins and polymerization resins, for example urea resins, melamine resins and phenol-formaldehyde resins, epoxy resins, novolak resins, PMDI
resins, etc. In addition, it does not give rise to any volatilization of harmful gases from the finished sheet or molding.
The ammonium sulfate present in the proposed fire-protection agent promotes the surface-carbonization of cellulose via formation of sulfuric acld .
Borax swells on heating and additionally acts as a disinfectanti it also serves as an agent for melt flow during press-molding of the pressed mats. The trisodium phosphate which is also present in the fire-protection agent decomposes from 75~C to give NaOH and P2Os; it has emulsifying, water-softening and buffering properties.
Mixing these three salts in the ratio given produces a fire-protection agent which can be used to provide fire resistance to boards or moldings made from chips or fibers which have been obtained from wood or from constituents of annual plants.
An advantageous further development of the novel fire-protection agent consists in admixing additionally from 0.5 to 2 parts by weight, preferably 1 part by weight, of sodium metasilicate. Sodium metasilicate has a water-softening effect and acts as a wetting agent, and also as a disinfectant, and on heating releases water. If it is admixed with the fire-protection agent in a solution it serves as a wetting agent and thus promotes the wetting of the chips or fibers with the fire-protection agent. An advantageous side effect consists in the fungicidal and insecticidal properties which the fire-protection agent obtains as a result of admixing of the sodium metasilicate.
CA 022~6398 l998-ll-27 The proposed fire-protection agent is most advantageously used if it is present in an aqueous solution, where the concentration of the solution may be from 20 to 50%, preferably from 30 to 35%. The chips or fibers may be saturated and thus impregnated with an aqueous solution of this type before the glue is applied and before press-molding to give boards or moldings.
To achieve the other objects the invention proposes boards or moldings made from chips or fibers which have been obtained from timber or from constituents of annual plants and which comprise the abovementioned novel fire-protection agent. This fire-protection agent may include ammonium sulfate, borax and trisodium phosphate in the mixing ratios given above or, as an advantageous further development, additionally comprise sodium metasilicate.
The boards or moldings have the best flame-retardant properties if the ratio of the dry weight of the proposed fire-protection agent to the dry weight of the chips or fibers is from 0.1 to 0.4, preferably 0.2.
According to the invention, fire-resistant boards or moldings made from chips or fibers are produced using the process described in Claim 11. A
solution of the proposed fire-protection agent is therefore used to preimpregnate the chips or fibers, the chips or fibers being saturated with the solution.
The fire-protection agent here may comprise the mixture of salts given in Claim 1 or the mixture of salts described in Claim 2. The fire-protection agent is preferably present in an aqueous solution with a concentration of from 20 to 50%, preferably from 30 to 35%. The preimpregnation of the chips or fibers with the fire-protection agent may take place in a dip bath or else by injecting the fire-protection agent into a continuous mixer or into a screw mixer. The density of the solution used of the fire-protection agent is ,, CA 022~6398 1998-11-27 preferably about 1.2 g/cm3, and its pH is slightly alkaline, preferably about 8.5.
For the application of glue to the chips or fibers, their moisture content must not usually exceed about 12%. It is therefore necessary, after the impregnation with an aqueous solution of the fire-protection agent, to dry the impregnated chips or fibers. After the drying, the impregnated chips or fibers have a pH of from about 3.5 to 4.5.
Urea resins or melamine resins are preferably used for the glue application to the chips or fibers impregnated with the fire-protection agent. A great advantage of this is that the ammonium sulfate present in the fire-protection agent dissociates during the press-molding of the chips or fibers due to the heating which occurs during that process, and functions as a curing agent for the binder. This means that it is not necessary to add a separate substance as a curing agent. In the case of chips or fibers made of straw, however, PMDI resins are preferably used as binders.
Using the novel process it is possible to produce boards or moldings made of chips or fibers, which are fire-resistant to highly fire-resistant without the need to apply an additional fire-retardant coating.
The invention is further explained below using two examples.
Example 1:
Pine chips were obtained in a known manner by chipping logs in such a way that their length was from 5 to 15 mm, their width from 2 to 4 mm and their thickness from 0.2 to 0.5 mm. These chips were predried to a moisture content of about 30%.
A solution of the fire-protection agent of the following composition was added to the predried chips in a continuous mixer:
CA 022S6398 l998-ll-27 50 parts by weight of water, 37 parts by weight of ammonium sulfate, 9.5 parts by weight of borax, 3.5 parts by weight of trisodium phosphate.
The ratio of the weight of the solution added of the fire-protection agent to the dry weight of the chips was 0. 6.
The impregnated chip material was then dried in a drum drier to a residual moisture of about 1% and fed into a mixer for applying glue. In the mixer for applying glue, an aqueous binder of the following composition was added to the impregnated chip material:
82.5 parts by weight of liquid urea-formaldehyde resin (65% strength), 5 parts by weight of paraffin emulsion (50% strength), 12.5 parts by weight of water.
In this step there was no need to add a substance as a curing agent, since the dried impregnated chip material had a pH of from 3.5 to 4 and the fire-protection agent added therefore functioned as a curing agent on compression. The ratio of the weight 25 of the aqueous binder to the weight of the dried, impregnated chip material was about 0. 2 The chips to which glue had been applied were then spread out to form a mat and press-molded for 3.4 min at a temperature of 180~C with a press time 30 factor of 10 sec/mm to give a particle board. The resultant particle board had the following parameters:
Thickness: 20.4 mm Density: 650 kg/m3 Weight per m2: about 13.3 kg Flexural strength: about 24 N/mm2 Transverse tensile strength (V 20): about 0. 42 N/mm2 Transverse tensile strength (V 100): about 0.18 N/mm2 CA 022~6398 1998-11-27 Thickness swelling (2 h): about 5.5%
The finished particle board can be used as a furniture board in dry and damp areas, and also externally as in the DIN Standards 68761 (Parts 1 and 4), 68762, 68763 and 68800.
The fire resistance of the particle board was tested by directing the full flame of a bunsen burner at a distance of 13.5 cm onto the surface of the board, as a result of which the temperature prevailing there was from 800 to 1000~C. Flame application for 5 min did not ignite the particle board. All that was observed was surface carbonization; very little smoke was generated. The particle board fulfilled the requirements of the DIN 4102 Standard.
Example 2:
Wheat straw was comminuted and separated into fibers with a length of from 4 to 8 mm, a width of from 0.5 to 2 mm and a thickness of about 0.15 mm. These straw fibers were mixed in a screw mixer with a fire-protection agent in a solution of the following composition:
21 parts by weight of ammonium sulfate, 5.4 parts by weight of borax, 3 parts by weight of trisodium phosphate, 0.6 parts by weight of sodium metasilicate, 70 parts by weight of water.
The ratio of the weight of the added solution of the fire-protection agent to the dry weight of the straw fibers was 0.67.
The impregnated straw fibers were then freed from excess solution of the fire-protection agent in a dewatering screw device and then dried to a residual moisture content of about 4%.
CA 022~6398 l998-ll-27 PMDI resin was sprayed onto these straw fibers in such a way that the ratio of the weight of the PMDI
resin to the dry weight of the straw fibers was 0. 06.
The impregnated and glued straw fibers were spread out to form a mat, heated in a preheating station to a core temperature of about 60~C and then press-molded for 4.4 min at a temperature of 200~C and with a press time factor of 15 sec/mm, to give a fiberboard. The finished fiberboard had the following parameters:
Thickness: 17.5 mm Density: 550 kg/m3 Weight per m2: 9. 6 kg The flame of a bunsen burner was also applied to this fiberboard at a distance of 13.5 cm in such a way that the temperature at the surface of the board was from 800 to 1000~C. After the flame had been applied for 5 min the board had not undergone any change other than surface carbonization, which developed without generation of flames. Very little smoke generation was observed during this. The DIN 4102 Standard was again complied with.
Claims (21)
1. Fire-protection agent for sheets or moldings made from chips or fibers which have been obtained from timber or from constituents of annual plants, composed of:
from 65 to 85 parts by weight, preferably 74 parts by weight, of ammonium sulfate (NH4)2SO4;
from 10 to 25 parts by weight, preferably 19 parts by weight, of borax Na2B4O7-10 H2O;
from 4 to 10 parts by weight, preferably 7 parts by weight of trisodium phosphate Na3PO4-12 H2O.
from 65 to 85 parts by weight, preferably 74 parts by weight, of ammonium sulfate (NH4)2SO4;
from 10 to 25 parts by weight, preferably 19 parts by weight, of borax Na2B4O7-10 H2O;
from 4 to 10 parts by weight, preferably 7 parts by weight of trisodium phosphate Na3PO4-12 H2O.
2. Fire-protection agent according to Claim 1, characterized in that it additionally comprises from 0.5 to 2 parts by weight, preferably 1 part by weight, of sodium metasilicate, Na2SiO3-9 H2O.
3. Fire-protection agent according to one of Claims 1 or 2, characterized in that it has been dissolved in water.
4. Fire-protection agent according to Claim 3, characterized in that the solution has a concentration of from 20 to 50%, preferably from 30 to 35%.
5. Board made from chips or fibers which have been obtained from timber or from constituents of annual plants, comprising a fire-protection agent with the following constituents:
from 65 to 85 parts by weight, preferably 74 parts by weight, of ammonium sulfate, (NH42SO4;
from 10 to 25 parts by weight, preferably 19 parts by weight, of borax, Na2B4O7-10 H2O;
from 4 to 10 parts by weight, preferably 7 parts by weight of trisodium phosphate, Na3PO4-12 H2O.
from 65 to 85 parts by weight, preferably 74 parts by weight, of ammonium sulfate, (NH42SO4;
from 10 to 25 parts by weight, preferably 19 parts by weight, of borax, Na2B4O7-10 H2O;
from 4 to 10 parts by weight, preferably 7 parts by weight of trisodium phosphate, Na3PO4-12 H2O.
6. Board according to Claim 5, characterized in that the fire-protection agent additionally comprises from 0.5 to 2 parts by weight, preferably 1 part by weight, of sodium metasilicate, Na2SiO3-9 H2O.
7. Board according to one of Claims 5 and 6, characterized in that the ratio of the dry weight of the fire-protection agent to the dry weight of the chips or fibers is from 0.1 to 0.4, preferably 0.2.
8. Molding made from chips or from fibers which have been obtained from timber or from constituents of annual plants, comprising a fire-protection agent with the following constituents:
from 65 to 85 parts by weight, preferably 74 parts by weight, of ammonium sulfate, (NH4)2SO4;
from 10 to 25 parts by weight, preferably 19 parts by weight, of borax, Na2B4O7-10 H2O;
from 4 to 10 parts by weight, preferably 7 parts by weight of trisodium phosphate, Na3PO4-12 H2O.
from 65 to 85 parts by weight, preferably 74 parts by weight, of ammonium sulfate, (NH4)2SO4;
from 10 to 25 parts by weight, preferably 19 parts by weight, of borax, Na2B4O7-10 H2O;
from 4 to 10 parts by weight, preferably 7 parts by weight of trisodium phosphate, Na3PO4-12 H2O.
9. Molding according to Claim 8, characterized in that the fire-protection agent additionally comprises from 0.5 to 2 parts by weight, preferably 1 part by weight, of sodium metasilicate, Na2SiO3-9 H2O.
10. Molding according to one of Claims 8 or 9, characterized in that the ratio of the dry weight of the flame retardant to the dry weight of the chips or fibers is from 0.1 to 0.4, preferably 0.2.
11. Process for providing fire resistance to sheets or moldings made from chips or from fibers which have been obtained from timber or from constituents of annual plants, with the following steps:
- the chips or fibers are impregnated with a fire-protection agent in a solution whose dissolved constituents are composed of:
from 65 to 85 parts by weight, preferably 74 parts by weight, of ammonium sulfate (NH4)2SO4;
from 10 to 25 parts by weight, preferably 19 parts by weight, of borax Na2B4O7-10 H2O;
from 4 to 10 parts by weight, preferably 7 parts by weight of trisodium phosphate Na3PO4-12 H2O;
- the impregnated chips or fibers are dried to a moisture content of from about 1 to about 12%, preferably from 1 to 4%, - a glue in the form of a binder is applied to the impregnated and dried chips or fibers, - the impregnated and dried chips or fibers, to which a glue has been applied, are compressed to give pressed mats and then press-molded to give sheets or moldings.
- the chips or fibers are impregnated with a fire-protection agent in a solution whose dissolved constituents are composed of:
from 65 to 85 parts by weight, preferably 74 parts by weight, of ammonium sulfate (NH4)2SO4;
from 10 to 25 parts by weight, preferably 19 parts by weight, of borax Na2B4O7-10 H2O;
from 4 to 10 parts by weight, preferably 7 parts by weight of trisodium phosphate Na3PO4-12 H2O;
- the impregnated chips or fibers are dried to a moisture content of from about 1 to about 12%, preferably from 1 to 4%, - a glue in the form of a binder is applied to the impregnated and dried chips or fibers, - the impregnated and dried chips or fibers, to which a glue has been applied, are compressed to give pressed mats and then press-molded to give sheets or moldings.
12. Process according to Claim 11, characterized in that the dissolved constituents of the solution of the fire-protection agent additionally comprise from 0.5 to 2 parts by weight, preferably 1 part by weight, of sodium metasilicate, Na2SiO3-9 H2O.
13. Process according to one of Claims 11 or 12, characterized in that the solution of the fire-protection agent has a concentration in the solution of from 20 to 50%, preferably from 30 to 35%.
14. Process according to one of Claims 11 to 13, characterized in the impregnation of the chips or fibers takes place in a dip bath.
15. Process according to one of Claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the impregnation of the chips or fibers takes place in a continuous mixer or in a screw mixer.
16. Process according to one of Claims 11 to 15, characterized in that the impregnated chips or fibers are freed from excess solution of the fire-protection agent in a dewatering screw device.
17. Process according to one of Claims 11 to 16, characterized in that the solution of the fire-protection agent has a pH in the slightly alkaline region, preferably around 8.5.
18. Process according to one of Claims 11 to 17, characterized in that the impregnated and dried chips or fibers have a pH of from 3.5 to 4.5.
19. Process according to one of Claims 11 to 18, characterized in that the binder is composed of urea resins or of melamine resins.
20. Process according to one of Claims 11 to 18, characterized in that PMDI resins are used as binders for chips or fibers made from straw.
21. Process according to one of Claims 11 to 20, characterized in that the pressed mats are press-molded at temperatures of from 180 to 220°C and at pressures of from 150 to 300 N/cm2, to give sheets or moldings.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19621606.0 | 1996-05-30 | ||
| DE1996121606 DE19621606A1 (en) | 1996-05-30 | 1996-05-30 | Fire retardant for boards or molded parts made of chips or fibers and process for fire-resistant finishing of such boards or molded parts |
| PCT/EP1997/002780 WO1997046635A1 (en) | 1996-05-30 | 1997-05-28 | Fireproofing agent for particle or fibre boards |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2256398A1 true CA2256398A1 (en) | 1997-12-11 |
Family
ID=7795619
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002256398A Abandoned CA2256398A1 (en) | 1996-05-30 | 1997-05-28 | Fireproofing agent for particle or fibre boards |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0958330A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU3030197A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9709375A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2256398A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE19621606A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1997046635A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2012094723A1 (en) | 2011-01-13 | 2012-07-19 | Blmh Technologies Inc. | Method for forming a fire resistant cellulose product, and associated apparatus |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1999014022A1 (en) * | 1997-09-18 | 1999-03-25 | Hüttenes-Albertus Chemische Werke GmbH | Method for producing moulded bodies, moulded body and installation for carrying out said method |
| DE10139128A1 (en) * | 2001-08-09 | 2003-02-27 | Herbert Georg Nopper | Device and method for vacuum impregnation |
| DE10222955C1 (en) * | 2002-05-24 | 2003-08-14 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Manufacture of oriented strand board comprises producing macro-chips, impregnating these with flame-proofing agent, forming them into surface layer and coating with adhesive-coated central layer chips |
| RU2553644C1 (en) * | 2011-04-20 | 2015-06-20 | Джон ГРИЕМ | Fabrication of fire-resistant fibreboard |
| CN104118016B (en) * | 2014-07-23 | 2016-05-04 | 连云港保丽森实业有限公司 | A kind of environmental protection inorganic flame-retardant complex fiber plate and production method thereof |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1215357B (en) * | 1958-02-11 | 1966-04-28 | August Moralt Fa | Use of flame retardant preparations for the impregnation of wood chips for the production of flame-retardant wood chip moldings |
| CA997263A (en) * | 1973-05-02 | 1976-09-21 | Champion International Corporation | Fire retardant particleboard and process for its manufacture |
| CA1057184A (en) * | 1974-07-08 | 1979-06-26 | Robert P. Coyle | Unique fire retardant particleboard and special process for manufacture |
| FR2406659A1 (en) * | 1977-10-24 | 1979-05-18 | Pont A Mousson | Intumescent mouldable compsn. for fire retardant devices - comprising powdered sodium silicate, silica gel, an oxide or hydroxide and water |
| SE7904708L (en) * | 1978-06-16 | 1979-12-17 | Tjernberg Bo Otto Erland | WAY TO MAKE A CELLULOSIZED MATERIAL FLAMMABLE |
| JPS5580747A (en) * | 1978-12-08 | 1980-06-18 | Yoshitaka Masuda | Blast furnace slag type coating material*its manufacture and use |
| DE3144773A1 (en) * | 1981-11-11 | 1983-05-19 | Chemische Fabrik Kalk GmbH, 5000 Köln | Process for producing non-combustible, coated wood chip mouldings |
| DE3520780A1 (en) * | 1984-09-06 | 1986-03-13 | Murillo Contreras, Jesús, México | FIRE-RETARDANT |
| CN1031494C (en) * | 1994-01-08 | 1996-04-10 | 谭永良 | Flame retarding anticorrosive agent for wood (bamboo) or plywood |
-
1996
- 1996-05-30 DE DE1996121606 patent/DE19621606A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1997
- 1997-05-28 AU AU30301/97A patent/AU3030197A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-05-28 CA CA002256398A patent/CA2256398A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-05-28 WO PCT/EP1997/002780 patent/WO1997046635A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-05-28 EP EP97925009A patent/EP0958330A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-05-28 BR BR9709375-0A patent/BR9709375A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2012094723A1 (en) | 2011-01-13 | 2012-07-19 | Blmh Technologies Inc. | Method for forming a fire resistant cellulose product, and associated apparatus |
| EP2663686A4 (en) * | 2011-01-13 | 2017-02-22 | Blmh Technologies Inc. | Method for forming a fire resistant cellulose product, and associated apparatus |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE19621606A1 (en) | 1997-12-04 |
| AU3030197A (en) | 1998-01-05 |
| BR9709375A (en) | 2000-01-11 |
| EP0958330A1 (en) | 1999-11-24 |
| WO1997046635A1 (en) | 1997-12-11 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| FZDE | Discontinued |