NO135625B - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- NO135625B NO135625B NO744391A NO744391A NO135625B NO 135625 B NO135625 B NO 135625B NO 744391 A NO744391 A NO 744391A NO 744391 A NO744391 A NO 744391A NO 135625 B NO135625 B NO 135625B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- parts
- lignin
- polymethylolphenol
- phenol
- reaction
- Prior art date
Links
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims 1
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Inorganic materials [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 70
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 48
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 46
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 42
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 33
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 30
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 25
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 23
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 23
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 17
- 235000019256 formaldehyde Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- 229960004279 formaldehyde Drugs 0.000 description 16
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 10
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- 229920001732 Lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 6
- -1 alkali metal salt Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 6
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 5
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000008233 hard water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 4
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001896 cresols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- RLSSMJSEOOYNOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N m-cresol Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 RLSSMJSEOOYNOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005705 Cannizzaro reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011437 continuous method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IWDCLRJOBJJRNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-cresol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IWDCLRJOBJJRNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- XOUAQPDUNFWPEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4-tris(hydroxymethyl)phenol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=C(O)C(CO)=C1CO XOUAQPDUNFWPEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZBSGNEYIENETRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)phenol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC(O)=C1CO ZBSGNEYIENETRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004117 Lignosulphonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003916 acid precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006326 desulfonation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005869 desulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002036 drum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012527 feed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008098 formaldehyde solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002655 kraft paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019357 lignosulphonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940100630 metacresol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L5/00—Current collectors for power supply lines of electrically-propelled vehicles
- B60L5/18—Current collectors for power supply lines of electrically-propelled vehicles using bow-type collectors in contact with trolley wire
- B60L5/22—Supporting means for the contact bow
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
- B60L2200/26—Rail vehicles
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Current-Collector Devices For Electrically Propelled Vehicles (AREA)
- Springs (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE7317536A SE379691B (fi) | 1973-12-28 | 1973-12-28 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO744391L NO744391L (fi) | 1975-07-28 |
| NO135625B true NO135625B (fi) | 1977-01-24 |
| NO135625C NO135625C (fi) | 1977-05-11 |
Family
ID=20319532
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO74744391A NO135625C (fi) | 1973-12-28 | 1974-12-05 |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AT (1) | AT334419B (fi) |
| DE (1) | DE2459250C3 (fi) |
| DK (1) | DK678874A (fi) |
| GB (1) | GB1486950A (fi) |
| NO (1) | NO135625C (fi) |
| PL (1) | PL92529B1 (fi) |
| SE (1) | SE379691B (fi) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3828890A1 (de) * | 1988-08-25 | 1990-03-08 | Dozler Gmbh | Einzeln gefederte schleifstueckaufhaengung fuer stromabnehmer elektrisch angetriebener fahrzeuge |
| DE9309835U1 (de) * | 1993-07-02 | 1993-11-04 | Schunk Bahntechnik Ges.m.b.H., Salzburg | Stromabnehmer |
| DE10146670C1 (de) * | 2001-09-21 | 2003-05-15 | Schunk Bahntechnik Gmbh Berghe | Stromabnehmer |
| CN106696768B (zh) * | 2016-12-28 | 2023-08-18 | 太原中车时代轨道工程机械有限公司 | 接触网专用刮油弓装置 |
-
1973
- 1973-12-28 SE SE7317536A patent/SE379691B/xx unknown
-
1974
- 1974-12-05 NO NO74744391A patent/NO135625C/no unknown
- 1974-12-12 PL PL1974176401A patent/PL92529B1/pl unknown
- 1974-12-14 DE DE2459250A patent/DE2459250C3/de not_active Expired
- 1974-12-23 DK DK678874A patent/DK678874A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1974-12-23 GB GB55395/74A patent/GB1486950A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-12-23 AT AT1026974A patent/AT334419B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NO744391L (fi) | 1975-07-28 |
| DE2459250C3 (de) | 1981-01-08 |
| GB1486950A (en) | 1977-09-28 |
| AT334419B (de) | 1976-01-10 |
| SE7317536L (fi) | 1975-06-30 |
| ATA1026974A (de) | 1976-05-15 |
| DE2459250B2 (de) | 1980-05-08 |
| SE379691B (fi) | 1975-10-20 |
| DE2459250A1 (de) | 1975-07-03 |
| PL92529B1 (fi) | 1977-04-30 |
| DK678874A (fi) | 1975-09-08 |
| NO135625C (fi) | 1977-05-11 |
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