NO134706B - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- NO134706B NO134706B NO4121/72A NO412172A NO134706B NO 134706 B NO134706 B NO 134706B NO 4121/72 A NO4121/72 A NO 4121/72A NO 412172 A NO412172 A NO 412172A NO 134706 B NO134706 B NO 134706B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- anode
- coating
- aluminum
- layer
- aluminum oxide
- Prior art date
Links
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 101
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 87
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000011195 cermet Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 73
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 29
- 229910001610 cryolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 11
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005524 ceramic coating Methods 0.000 description 6
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010285 flame spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001339 C alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LNSPFAOULBTYBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O].C#C Chemical group [O].C#C LNSPFAOULBTYBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007712 rapid solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/10—Oxides, borides, carbides, nitrides or silicides; Mixtures thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/06—Metallic material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/06—Metallic material
- C23C4/08—Metallic material containing only metal elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/10—Oxides, borides, carbides, nitrides or silicides; Mixtures thereof
- C23C4/11—Oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
- C25C3/12—Anodes
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH1668371A CH579155A5 (de) | 1971-11-16 | 1971-11-16 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO134706B true NO134706B (de) | 1976-08-23 |
Family
ID=4419350
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO4121/72A NO134706B (de) | 1971-11-16 | 1972-11-14 |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3829374A (de) |
| JP (1) | JPS4867109A (de) |
| AT (1) | AT328200B (de) |
| AU (1) | AU474828B2 (de) |
| CA (1) | CA980722A (de) |
| CH (1) | CH579155A5 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE2255776A1 (de) |
| FR (1) | FR2160562B1 (de) |
| GB (1) | GB1404637A (de) |
| IT (1) | IT970938B (de) |
| NO (1) | NO134706B (de) |
| ZA (1) | ZA728143B (de) |
Families Citing this family (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH575014A5 (de) * | 1973-05-25 | 1976-04-30 | Alusuisse | |
| CH594064A5 (de) * | 1973-12-20 | 1977-12-30 | Alusuisse | |
| US4170533A (en) * | 1975-05-30 | 1979-10-09 | Swiss Aluminium Ltd. | Refractory article for electrolysis with a protective coating made of corundum crystals |
| US4206263A (en) * | 1977-07-22 | 1980-06-03 | Swiss Aluminium Ltd. | Oxygen-resistant electroconductive carbon bodies |
| CH633868A5 (de) * | 1977-09-07 | 1982-12-31 | Alusuisse | Verschleissfeste beschichtung der arbeitsoberflaeche von scheibenfoermigen maschinenteilen aus aluminium oder aluminiumlegierungen. |
| WO1983000171A1 (en) * | 1981-07-01 | 1983-01-20 | De Nora, Vittorio | Electrolytic production of aluminum |
| US4560448A (en) * | 1982-05-10 | 1985-12-24 | Eltech Systems Corporation | Aluminum wettable materials for aluminum production |
| FR2527229A1 (fr) * | 1982-05-18 | 1983-11-25 | Aluminium Grece | Procede de calorifugeage des anodes precuites dans les cuves d'electrolyse pour la production d'aluminium |
| US4544472A (en) * | 1983-04-14 | 1985-10-01 | Nalco Chemical Company | Electrode coating and coated electrodes |
| US4541912A (en) * | 1983-12-12 | 1985-09-17 | Great Lakes Carbon Corporation | Cermet electrode assembly |
| US4921584A (en) * | 1987-11-03 | 1990-05-01 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Anode film formation and control |
| DE3838828A1 (de) * | 1988-11-17 | 1990-05-23 | Vaw Ver Aluminium Werke Ag | Kohleelektrode mit gasdichter, temperaturbestaendiger schutzglocke |
| JPH02188476A (ja) * | 1989-01-13 | 1990-07-24 | Tech Res Assoc Highly Reliab Marine Propul Plant | ジルコニア系セラミックスと金属との接合体 |
| US6818106B2 (en) * | 2002-01-25 | 2004-11-16 | Alcoa Inc. | Inert anode assembly |
| SI2688130T1 (en) * | 2002-11-25 | 2018-06-29 | Alcoa Usa Corp. | Inert anode composition |
| DE10345827A1 (de) * | 2003-10-02 | 2005-05-04 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Verfahren zur Beschichtung von metallischen Substraten mit oxidierenden Werkstoffen mittels Lichtbogendrahtspritzen |
| FR2900938B1 (fr) * | 2006-05-15 | 2008-06-20 | Ecl Soc Par Actions Simplifiee | Procede de fabrication d'anodes pour la production d'aluminium par electrolyse ignee, lesdites anodes et leur utilisation |
| CN103088367A (zh) * | 2011-10-31 | 2013-05-08 | 贵阳铝镁设计研究院有限公司 | 铝电解槽的连续预焙阳极组合结构 |
| GB2568246A (en) * | 2017-11-08 | 2019-05-15 | Dubai Aluminium Pjsc | Process for protecting carbon anodes for use in the Hall-Heroult process |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1434158A (fr) * | 1964-11-25 | 1966-04-08 | Sfec | Perfectionnements aux revêtements protecteurs réfractaires, et procédé de fabrication de ces éléments |
| US3442786A (en) * | 1965-03-22 | 1969-05-06 | Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp | Carbon anode for aluminum reduction cell |
-
1971
- 1971-11-16 CH CH1668371A patent/CH579155A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1972
- 1972-11-14 DE DE2255776A patent/DE2255776A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1972-11-14 NO NO4121/72A patent/NO134706B/no unknown
- 1972-11-15 AU AU48883/72A patent/AU474828B2/en not_active Expired
- 1972-11-15 US US00306633A patent/US3829374A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1972-11-16 CA CA156,673A patent/CA980722A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-11-16 AT AT976172A patent/AT328200B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1972-11-16 ZA ZA728143A patent/ZA728143B/xx unknown
- 1972-11-16 JP JP47115160A patent/JPS4867109A/ja active Pending
- 1972-11-16 GB GB5299972A patent/GB1404637A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-11-16 IT IT31740/72A patent/IT970938B/it active
- 1972-11-16 FR FR7240783A patent/FR2160562B1/fr not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS4867109A (de) | 1973-09-13 |
| CH579155A5 (de) | 1976-08-31 |
| DE2255776A1 (de) | 1973-05-24 |
| US3829374A (en) | 1974-08-13 |
| AU474828B2 (en) | 1976-08-05 |
| FR2160562A1 (de) | 1973-06-29 |
| FR2160562B1 (de) | 1976-10-29 |
| CA980722A (en) | 1975-12-30 |
| AU4888372A (en) | 1974-05-16 |
| IT970938B (it) | 1974-04-20 |
| GB1404637A (en) | 1975-09-03 |
| ZA728143B (en) | 1973-09-26 |
| AT328200B (de) | 1976-03-10 |
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