NO132289B

NO132289B -

Info

Publication number: NO132289B
Application number: NO3513/71A
Authority: NO
Inventors: A Loebbe
Original assignee: Gewerk Eisenhuette Westfalia
Priority date: 1970-09-24
Filing date: 1971-09-23
Publication date: 1975-07-07
Also published as: SE366791B; BE772540A; CH542322A; FR2116592A5; US3818713A; AT316625B; JPS501296B1; SU496748A3; DE2147083A1; NO132289C; GB1362251A; ES395300A1

Description

Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår en fremgangsmåte og en anordning for drivning av tunneler eller stoller ved hjelp av et knivdrivningsskjold, hvis kniver dannes av plankartede, på The present invention relates to a method and a device for driving tunnels or tunnels by means of a blade driving shield, the blades of which are formed by planar

sin fremre endeflate med egger forsynt på utsiden av rammer eller stativer tett ved siden av hverandreliggende anordnede og fort gjennom såvel en og en som i mindre grupper i lengderetning forskyvbare deler, hvor knivenes bakre ender i det minste delvis samtidig danner en skjoldinnbygging for det fremre tunnel- eller stollavsnitt. its front end surface with edges provided on the outside of frames or racks arranged closely next to each other and quickly through both one by one and in smaller groups in longitudinal direction displaceable parts, where the rear ends of the knives at least partially simultaneously form a shield installation for the front tunnel - or chair section.

Knivdrivskjold er i og for seg like kjent som fremgangsmåten Knife drive shields are in and of themselves as well known as the method

til å drive en tunnel eller en stoll (ort) ved hjelp av et sådant knivskjold; således beskrives i tysk bruksmønster nr. to drive a tunnel or a stoll (ort) by means of such a knife shield; thus described in German usage pattern no.

I.9IO.987 en såkalt knivskjolddrivanordning for tunneler eller stoller, omfattende en stotteramme, som stotter og leder de plankeformede, på sin fremre endeflate med en egg forsynte elementer, hvorved disse plankeforraede elementer danner I.9IO.987 a so-called knife shield drive device for tunnels or tunnels, comprising a support frame, which supports and guides the plank-shaped elements provided with an egg on their front end surface, whereby these plank-shaped elements form

knivene og ved hjelp av en dobbeltvirkende hydraulsylinder the knives and using a double-acting hydraulic cylinder

kan drives inn i stollbrystet en etter en etter hverandre. Hydraulsylinderen stoter herved på den ene side mot stotterammen og griper på den andre side over passende anordninger an mot knivene, idet stStterammen samtidig danner motholdet for opptagelse resp. stbtte for de av knivfremdrivningen oppstående reaksjonskrefter. Gjennom støtterammens faste forbindelse med alle de nettopp ikke forflyttede kniver can be driven into the steel chest one after the other. The hydraulic cylinder thereby abuts on one side against the support frame and on the other side grips against the knives via suitable devices, as the support frame simultaneously forms the counter for recording or stbtte for the reaction forces arising from the knife propulsion. Through the support frame's fixed connection with all the knives that have not just been moved

garanteres en stotte for fremdrivningskraften over den mellom de ikke forflyttede kniver og marken rådende friksjonskraft, slik at et særlig mot den etterfølgende tunnel- eller stolLutbygging stott mothold kan unnværes. Ved denne kjente drivanordning stottes drivkreftene for de kniver, som for tilfellet skal drives frem over stotterammen, og de uvirk-somme kniver gjennom formidling av de opptredende friksjons-krefter mot den omgivende mark, mens den trinnvise etter-flytting av stotterammen skjer under opptagelse av etterflyttingskreftene mot alle kniver i fellesskap og ved motsatt fylling av den dobbeltvirkende hydraulsylinder. Ved slike knivskjold er det videre kjent at knivene ved bakkanten rager ut over stotterammen og dermed danner en skjoldinnbygging, a support is guaranteed for the propulsive force above the frictional force prevailing between the non-displaced blades and the ground, so that a special support against the subsequent tunnel or chairlift construction can be dispensed with. With this known drive device, the drive forces for the knives, which are to be driven forward over the support frame, and the inactive knives are supported through the mediation of the occurring frictional forces against the surrounding ground, while the step-by-step subsequent movement of the support frame takes place under recording of the post-movement forces against all knives together and when the double-acting hydraulic cylinder is filled in the opposite direction. In the case of such knife shields, it is also known that the knives at the rear edge protrude above the support frame and thus form a shield embedment,

i hvis beskyttelse den endelige tunnel- eller stollutbygging fores inn, for det meste i form av en betongforing. in whose protection the final tunnel or tunnel development is lined, mostly in the form of a concrete lining.

Ved anvendelse av et knivskjold og en drivningsmetode av When using a blade shield and a drive method of

den angitte art foretas generelt innbyggings- og betong- . arbeidene i eller umiddelbart bakom skjoldets bakre del, for hvilket formål p.g.a. fremtransporten av det nodvendige byggematerialet resp. byggeredskapen i det minste ett tunnel-eller stollavsnitt må gjores fritt, hvorfor denne slags drivning er beheftet med den ulempe at drivnings- og utbyggingsarbeidene må foretas i omvekslende etapper, ettersom særlig i trange tunnel- eller stollavsnitt fremtransporten av utbyggingsmateriale og byggeredskap ikke tillater borttrans-port av det som er drevet ut. the specified type is generally built-in and concrete. the works in or immediately behind the rear part of the shield, for which purpose due to the forward transport of the necessary building material or the construction equipment at least one tunnel or tunnel section must be made free, which is why this type of driving is burdened with the disadvantage that the driving and development work must be carried out in alternating stages, as particularly in narrow tunnel or tunnel sections the forward transport of development material and construction equipment does not allow away trans- port of what is driven out.

Under betegnelsen Liner Plates-metoden er det også blitt kjent en fremgangsmåte, ved hvilken det i tilknytning til drivningsanordning innfores en i det minste provisorisk utbygging av tynnveggete ring- eller form=ningselementer. Under the term Liner Plates method, a method has also become known, whereby an at least provisional development of thin-walled ring or forming elements is introduced in connection with the drive device.

Med hensyn til at vanlige knivskjolddrivanordninger dog alltid ér henvist til et mothold, som skal dannes gjennom den etterfolgende utbygging, kunne denne metode ikke slå igjennom i praksis, da de tynne innbyggingselementene under stotte-trykket fra stotterammen deformeres og forskyves over hverandre. For å unngå denne ulempe ble slike drivenheter utstyrt med hånddrevne drivanordninger særlig for knivene, som dog som fdige av anordningens forholdsvis dårlige virknings-gradheller ikke kunne slå igjennom. With regard to the fact that normal blade drive devices are always referred to a counter-hold, which must be formed through the subsequent development, this method could not succeed in practice, as the thin built-in elements are deformed and displaced above each other under the support pressure from the support frame. In order to avoid this disadvantage, such drive units were equipped with hand-operated drive devices, especially for the knives, which, however, due to the device's relatively poor degree of effectiveness, could not succeed.

Til forunn for oppfinnelsen ligger den oppgave å tilveiebringe Before the invention lies the task of providing

--metode under anvendelse av et knivskjold, ved --method using a knife shield, by

hvilken en gjensidig hindring av driv- og utbyggingsarbeidene er utelukket og videre å tilveiebringe en anordning for å gjen-nomfore denne fremgangsmåte, ved hvilken ulempene ved de kjente anordninger av denne art er unngått. which a mutual hindrance of the driving and development works is excluded and further to provide a device for carrying out this method, by which the disadvantages of the known devices of this kind are avoided.

Når det gjelder fremgangsmåten loses denne oppgave ved at driv-og innbyggingsarbeidene i rom og tid utfores uavhengig av hverandre, hvorved i det minste det foran byggefronten liggende tunnel- eller stollavsnitt sikres gjennom hjelpeinnbygging med formningselementer. Fremgangsmåten ifolge oppfinnelsen anvender herved et knivskjold, som karakteriseres ved en motholdsfri friksjonslåst opptagelse av drivkreftene for kniv- og etterflyttingskreftene for stotterammen mot tunnel- eller stollveggen i forbindelse med en av tynnveggede ringformede formningselementer bestående hjelpeinnbygging, som er montert i lv/&v skjoldets bakre del, idet formningselementene dannes gjennom tynnveggede betong- eller metallringer. Den endelige innbygging består av en betongforing og fremstilles fortrinnsvis i stor avstand fra drivskjoldet under anvendelse av en utbygg-bar formning, som med hjelpeinnbyggingen inneslutter et hulrom, som skal fylles ut med betong. As far as the method is concerned, this task is solved by the drive and installation works being carried out in space and time independently of each other, whereby at least the tunnel or chair section lying in front of the building front is secured through auxiliary installation with forming elements. The method according to the invention hereby uses a knife shield, which is characterized by a resistance-free, friction-locked recording of the drive forces for the knife and the displacement forces for the support frame against the tunnel or tunnel wall in connection with an auxiliary installation consisting of thin-walled annular forming elements, which is mounted in the rear part of the lv/&v shield , as the forming elements are formed through thin-walled concrete or metal rings. The final build-in consists of a concrete lining and is preferably produced at a great distance from the drive shield using an expandable moulding, which with the auxiliary build-in encloses a cavity, which must be filled with concrete.

Det ved en sådan fremstillingsmåte av den endelige innbygging resulterende trinnvise byggingsfremforing betinges vesentlig gjennom betongens bindingstid og hindrer ved anvendelse av fremgangsmåten ifolge oppfinnelsen ikke drivarbeidene, ettersom betongarbeidene utfores i stor/tvstand fra skjoldet. The step-by-step construction advancement resulting from such a manufacturing method of the final embedment is essentially conditioned by the setting time of the concrete and when using the method according to the invention does not prevent the driving works, as the concrete works are carried out at a large/two distance from the shield.

Det for gjennomforing av fremgangsmåten ifolge oppfinnelsen anvendte knivskjold har en av to i forhold til hverandre bevegelige deler bestående stotteramme, som over sin ytterside på i og for seg kjent måte stotter og leder gjennom planke-liknende, i den fremre ende med egger forsynte deler dannede og tett ved siden av hverandre liggende anordnede kniver og hvis deler i tunnelaksens retning på denne måte er trinnvis bevegelige fremover, da begge stotterammedelene er forbundet ov-er et antall dobbeltvirkende hydraulsylindre og knivene har to i aksial avstand fra hverandre anordnede festeanordninger, over hvilke de kan forbindes med den ene eZLer andre del av stotterammen og en eller flere kniver forbindes med den fremre stotterammedel og drives ved hjelp av hydraulsylinderen sammen med denne så lenge at samtlige kniver er drevet frem, hvorved den fremre stotterammedel utforer en frem- og tilbakegéende bevegelse. Sluttelig forbindes den fremre rammedel med knivene, og den bakre stotterammedel trekkes etter gjennom en motsatt påfylling av hydraulsylinderen og forbindes påny med knivene. Fremmatningskreftene for de kniver som skal drives frem resp. etterflyttingskreftene for den bakre stotterammedel opptas dermed med friksjonslåsning mellom de hvilende kniver og tunnel- eller stollveggen. Ifolge et ytterligere trekk ved oppfinnelsen fremstilles hjelpeinnbyggingen med i og The knife shield used for carrying out the method according to the invention has a support frame consisting of two parts that move in relation to each other, which over its outer side in a manner known per se supports and leads through plank-like parts, at the front end provided with eggs, formed and knives arranged close to each other and whose parts in the direction of the tunnel axis in this way are progressively movable forward, as both support frame parts are connected ov-er a number of double-acting hydraulic cylinders and the knives have two fastening devices arranged at an axial distance from each other, over which they can be connected to one or the other part of the support frame and one or more knives are connected to the front support frame part and driven by means of the hydraulic cylinder together with this as long as all the knives are driven forward, whereby the front support frame part performs a forward and backward movement. Finally, the front frame part is connected to the knives, and the rear support frame part is pulled back through an opposite filling of the hydraulic cylinder and connected again to the knives. The feed forces for the knives to be driven forward resp. the post-movement forces for the rear support frame part are thus absorbed by frictional locking between the resting blades and the tunnel or tunnel wall. According to a further feature of the invention, the auxiliary installation is produced with i and

for seg kjente Liner Plates. known Liner Plates.

Ved en ytterligere detaljutformning av oppfinnelsen kan det videre treffes den foranstaltning at det lopende rett overfor knivskjoldet er anordnet i det minste én i og for seg kjent anordning for fremstilling eller betongstbpning av en side- eller avgreningsstoll. In a further detailed design of the invention, the provision can also be made that the running directly opposite the knife shield is arranged at least one device known per se for the production or concreting of a side or branch stool.

Ifolge et annet trekk ved oppfinnelsen kan det treffes for-anstaltninger for til fremstilling av den endelige utbygging istedenfor en trinnvis utskiftbar formning å anvende en i og for seg kjent betongstopningsvogn, som samtidig danner inner-formningen. According to another feature of the invention, measures can be taken for the production of the final development, instead of a step-by-step exchangeable moulding, to use a known per se concrete filling vehicle, which at the same time forms the inner moulding.

Foreliggende oppfinnelse skal beskrives nærmere med henvisn-ing til tegningen, som viser et utfbrelseseksempel, der fig. 1 viser et lengdesnitt gjennom en anordning ifolge oppfinnelsen for gjennomforing av den oppfinnelsesmessige fremgangsmåte, fig. 2 et enderiss av anordningen ifolge fig. 1, fig. 3 en anordning svarende til den i fig. 1, hvor knivskjoldet The present invention shall be described in more detail with reference to the drawing, which shows an exemplary embodiment, where fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a device according to the invention for carrying out the inventive method, fig. 2 an end view of the device according to fig. 1, fig. 3 a device corresponding to that in fig. 1, where the knife shield

dog har et tilordnet tverrstag, samt fig. 4 et enderiss av anordningen ifolge fig. 3«however, has an assigned cross brace, as well as fig. 4 an end view of the device according to fig. 3"

Anordningen ifolge foreliggende oppfinnelse omfatter et med 1 betegnet knivskjold, vesentlig bestående av kniver 2 i The device according to the present invention comprises a knife shield denoted by 1, essentially consisting of knives 2 i

planke- eller bjelkeform med i forenden alpiordnet egg 3> en todelt stotteramme 4 og 8, hvis fremre del 4 dannes gjennom et stativ av vertikalt rettede bæreelementer 5 og mot disse skråstilte bæreelementer 6 samt mellom bæreelementene 5 og 6 diagonalt anordnede stag 7 samt mellom stbtterammedelene 4 og 8 anordnede, på tegningen ikke særlig viste dobbeltvirkende hydraulsylindre, som er ankordnet symmetrisk i for-forhold til tunnel- eller stollaksen og mates fra en fortrinnsvis på stotterammen montert hydraulpumpe. Drivrammedelen 8 plank or beam shape with an alpine-shaped egg 3 at the front end, a two-part support frame 4 and 8, the front part 4 of which is formed by a rack of vertically aligned support elements 5 and against these inclined support elements 6 and between the support elements 5 and 6 diagonally arranged struts 7 and between the support frame parts 4 and 8 arranged, not particularly shown in the drawing, double-acting hydraulic cylinders, which are anchored symmetrically in relation to the tunnel or chair axis and are fed from a hydraulic pump preferably mounted on the support frame. The drive frame section 8

har en serie hull 11, mens knivene har gjennom låsebolter 12 dannede festeanordninger, over hvilke de kan forbindes med en av stbtterammedelene 4 eller 8. Knivskjoldet 1 er has a series of holes 11, while the knives have fixing devices formed through locking bolts 12, over which they can be connected to one of the stbtterram parts 4 or 8. The knife shield 1 is

forsynt med en av not- og fjærpl anker 14 dannet med med 13 betegnet bakre del, idet plankene 14 har mindre tykkelse enn knivene 2. Ifolge fremgangsmåten ifolge oppfinnelsen monteres i ly av skjoldets bakre del 13 såkalte Liner Plates 15, som i det viste utfbrelseseksempel består av tynnveggede ringsegmenter av metall, mot en hjelpeinnbygging 16, mens den endelige innbygging dannes av en betongforing, som ifol- provided with one of tongue-and-groove planks 14 formed with the rear part denoted by 13, the planks 14 having a smaller thickness than the blades 2. According to the method according to the invention, so-called Liner Plates 15 are mounted in the shelter of the shield's rear part 13, as in the shown embodiment consists of thin-walled ring segments of metal, against an auxiliary build-in 16, while the final build-in is formed by a concrete lining, which

ge foreliggende oppfinnelse innfores i en forholdsvis stor avstand, f.eks. 30-50 meter, bakom drivskjoldet under anvendelse av en trinnvis utskiftbar formning 17» Formningen 17 inneslutter med hjelpeinnbyggingen 16 et hulrom, i hvilket tunnelens eller stollens betongforing innfbresjog som i sin fremre ende tettefi gjennom en radial flens 18 på formningen 17- Fra den foran beskrevne utforelsesform for et knivskjold skiller den i fig. 3 og 4 viste seg ved at den fremre 24 og den bakre del av stotterammen 28 oppviser omtrent i den halve hbyde anordnede tverrstag 25 og 26, som på sin side er utstyrt med kniver 23. ge present invention is introduced at a relatively large distance, e.g. 30-50 metres, behind the drive shield using a step-by-step exchangeable formation 17". The formation 17 encloses with the auxiliary installation 16 a cavity, in which the concrete lining of the tunnel or tunnel is inserted, which at its front end is sealed through a radial flange 18 on the formation 17- From the front described embodiment of a knife shield separates the one in fig. 3 and 4 was shown in that the front 24 and the rear part of the support frame 28 have transverse struts 25 and 26 arranged approximately in half the height, which in turn are equipped with blades 23.

Av figurene fremgår uten videre at driv- og innbyggingsarbeidene ved hjelp av anordningen ifolge oppfinnelsen kan utfores innenfor vide grenser i rom og tid uavhengig av / mrArtdrc idet det gjenstår å observere at oppbyggingen av hjelpeinnbyggingen 16 innenfor skjoldets bakre del 13 ikke hindrer drivningsarbeidene. Drivningen skjer gjennom en gruppevis drivning av knivene 2 ved hjelp av den fremre stotteramme- It is readily apparent from the figures that the driving and embedding works with the aid of the device according to the invention can be carried out within wide limits in space and time independently of /mrArtdrc, as it remains to be observed that the structure of the auxiliary embedding 16 within the rear part 13 of the shield does not hinder the driving works. The drive takes place through a group drive of the knives 2 using the front support frame

del 4 og hydraulsylinderen, idet drivningskreftene opptas ov- part 4 and the hydraulic cylinder, as the drive forces are taken over

er den bakre stbtterammedelen 8, og de hvilende kniver 2 stbt-tes med friksjonslåsning mot den omgivende jord, slik at hjelpeinnbyggingen 16, som skal bygges opp av tynnveggede Liner Plates, holdes fri for aksialt rettede stbtkrefter. is the rear support frame part 8, and the resting blades 2 are supported with friction locking against the surrounding soil, so that the auxiliary installation 16, which is to be built up from thin-walled Liner Plates, is kept free from axially directed support forces.

Den endelige innbygging folger fremdrivningen i noen avstand, idet det derimellom liggende tunnel- eller stollavsnittet alltid er sikret gjennom hjelpeinnbyggingen 16. The final embedment follows the propulsion for some distance, as the tunnel or chair section lying in between is always secured through the auxiliary embedment 16.

Claims

1. Method for driving tunnels or tunnels by means of a knife driving shield, the knives of which are formed by plank-shaped parts which are provided with eggs at the front end and which are arranged or guided close to each other on the outside of frames or scaffolding and which can be moved individually or in small groups in the longitudinal direction, with the rear ends of the blades at least partially simultaneously forming a shield lining for the front part of the tunnel or tunnel, characterized by the driving and the subsequent lining works being carried out spatially and temporally independently of each other, since, in connection with the use of a knife shield which ensures a free, friction-resistant application of the propulsion forces for the knife (2) and the retraction forces for the support frame (8) against the surrounding ground, at least the part of the tunnel or tunnel that is in front of the front of the cladding is secured by an auxiliary cladding (16), which is built up from thin-walled concrete or metal elements (15) in the shelter of the end of the shield (13) and the final cladding is applied at a preferably large distance from the shield (1).

2. Method in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the final cladding consists of a concrete lining and is introduced using a printable formwork (17) which together with the auxiliary cladding (16) defines a cavity (19) which is sealed at the front end with a radial flange (18).

3. Method in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the aetong lining which forms the final cladding is produced using a concrete casting vehicle known per se.

4. Device for carrying out the method according to one of the preceding claims 1-3, characterized in that it comprises a knife drive shield (1), an auxiliary cladding (16) and devices for producing a final cladding, the knife shield (1) when one of two relative movable parts (4 and 8) consisting of a support frame and a number of plank-shaped, axially displaceable knives (2) lying against the outside of the support frame and where the support frame parts (4 and 8) through the mediation of a double-acting hydraulic cylinder is stepwise movable in the tunnel axis in such a way that the knives (2) are first connected in groups with the front support frame part (4) and are pushed forward together with this by means of the hydraulic cylinder and after finishing pushing forward of all knives (2) the rear support frame part (8) is pulled towards the front support frame part (4) with the help of an opposite filling of the hydraulic cylinder after the support frame part is connected to all the knives (2).

5. Device in accordance with claim 4, characterized in that the auxiliary cladding (16) consists of so-called "Liner Plates".

6. Device according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the auxiliary clothespin (16) has an insignificantly smaller diameter than the rear d.1 (13) of the shield.

7. Device in accordance with one of the claims 4-6, characterized in that at least one per se known device for the production and concrete casting of a side or branch stool is arranged running directly opposite the blade shield.