NO131735B - - Google Patents
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- NO131735B NO131735B NO168372A NO16837267A NO131735B NO 131735 B NO131735 B NO 131735B NO 168372 A NO168372 A NO 168372A NO 16837267 A NO16837267 A NO 16837267A NO 131735 B NO131735 B NO 131735B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- kelp
- silo
- preservative
- added
- conditioning agent
- Prior art date
Links
- 241000512259 Ascophyllum nodosum Species 0.000 claims description 40
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 241001598113 Laminaria digitata Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-{[2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(phosphanyloxy)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-3-phosphanyloxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O1C(C(O)=O)C(P)C(O)C(O)C1OC1C(C(O)=O)OC(OP)C(O)C1O FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940072056 alginate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 silicofluoride Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 3
- IZUPBVBPLAPZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-M pentachlorophenolate Chemical compound [O-]C1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1Cl IZUPBVBPLAPZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 claims 4
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 9
- 241001466453 Laminaria Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229960001126 alginic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000783 alginic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000004781 alginic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004673 fluoride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011872 intimate mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 1
- HCJLVWUMMKIQIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2,3,4,5,6-pentachlorophenolate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1Cl HCJLVWUMMKIQIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F11/00—Processes for making continuous lengths of paper, or of cardboard, or of wet web for fibre board production, on paper-making machines
- D21F11/002—Processes for making continuous lengths of paper, or of cardboard, or of wet web for fibre board production, on paper-making machines by using a foamed suspension
Description
Fremgangsmåte for behandling av rå tare. Procedure for processing raw kelp.
Til fremstilling av alginater brukes som utgangsmateriale tørket tare, fortrinnsvis av artene Laminaria digitata og Laminaria Claustoni. Før disse tarearter underkastes oppsluttingen med henblikk på fremstillingen av alginsyre og alginsure salter, underkastes taren en tørking, og tørkingen har vist seg å være den eneste konserveringsmetode for taren, slik at denne kan oppbevares i relativt lang tid. Det er også av stor betydning at taren er jevnt tørket, slik at man har et råstoff av til-nærmet konstant utgangskvaliet for den videre bearbeidelse. For at taren skal kun-ne undergå tilstrekkelig tørking, sankes den fortrinnsvis om sommeren, men dår-lige værforhold kan gjøre at utilstrekkelig tørking finner sted, hvilket på den ene side skaper problemet tilstrekkelig råstoff, og på den annen side som nevnt betyr en lite lagerbestandig vare. De eksisterende alginatprodusenter er idag derfor henvist til å ta imot utilstrekkelig tørket våre for å sikre råstoff. En annen fare ved utilstrekkelig tørket vare er, at denne under lagringen vil begynne å gjære, hvilket igjen vil innvirke på de fremstilte produkters kvalitet. Dried kelp, preferably of the species Laminaria digitata and Laminaria Claustoni, is used as a starting material for the production of alginates. Before these kelp species are subjected to digestion with a view to the production of alginic acid and alginic acid salts, the kelp is subjected to drying, and drying has proven to be the only preservation method for the kelp, so that it can be stored for a relatively long time. It is also of great importance that the kelp is evenly dried, so that you have a raw material of almost constant starting quality for further processing. In order for the kelp to only undergo sufficient drying, it is preferably harvested in the summer, but bad weather conditions can mean that insufficient drying takes place, which on the one hand creates the problem of sufficient raw material, and on the other hand, as mentioned, means a small stock-resistant item. The existing alginate producers are therefore today directed to accept insufficiently dried ours in order to secure raw material. Another danger with insufficiently dried product is that it will start to ferment during storage, which in turn will affect the quality of the manufactured products.
Tarearter som Laminaria digitata vokser gjerne ut mot åpne hav. Disse vokse-steder ligger ofte langt vekk og kan være mer eller mindre utilgjengelige, slik at en tørking på stedet er praktisk vanskelig å gjennomføre. Dette fører også til at de beste samlesteder for taren må stå ube-nyttet. Laminaria digitata vokser også langt mot nord, og her i landet er det på de nordligste sankeplasser praktisk talt umulig å få tørket taren. Dessuten med-virker de ustabile værforhold til dette, og det er f. eks. velkjent, at på Finmarkskys-ten vil den hyppig innsettende tåke føre til at taren vil ta til seg fuktighet, og den foreløpige tørking vil hurtig gå tapt. Kelp species such as Laminaria digitata tend to grow in open seas. These growing places are often far away and can be more or less inaccessible, so that drying on the spot is practically difficult to carry out. This also means that the best collection sites for the kelp must remain unused. Laminaria digitata also grows far to the north, and in this country it is practically impossible to dry the kelp at the northernmost harvesting sites. In addition, the unstable weather conditions contribute to this, and it is e.g. well known, that on the Finmark coast the frequent fog will cause the kelp to absorb moisture, and the preliminary drying will quickly be lost.
Laminaria Claustoni sankes vesentlig som drivtare om vinteren, og her i landet er en tørking av denne umulig, og også erfar-inger fra Skottland og Irland viser, at en tørking ned til konstant tørrstoffinnhold ikke er mulig. Laminaria Claustoni is collected mainly as drift kelp in the winter, and in this country drying it is impossible, and experience from Scotland and Ireland also shows that drying down to a constant dry matter content is not possible.
Som det vil fremgå av det foranstå-ende, foreligger der et stort behov for en egnet metode som gjør det mulig å bevare råtaren over lengere tidsrom uten at denne undergår forandringer som innvirker på de fremstilte produkters kvalitet. Ifølge oppfinnelsen er dette oppnådd ved at taren i oppkuttet tilstand legges ned på siloen under tilsetning av et konserveringsmiddel, og det karakteristiske for fremgangsmåten etter oppfinnelsen er at konserveringsmid- As will be apparent from the foregoing, there is a great need for a suitable method which makes it possible to preserve the rot over longer periods of time without it undergoing changes that affect the quality of the manufactured products. According to the invention, this is achieved by placing the kelp in a cut state on the silo while adding a preservative, and the characteristic of the method according to the invention is that the preservative
let i fast eller flytende form på i og for seg kjent måte tilsettes taren samtidig med og kontinuerlig under oppkuttingen av denne, easily in solid or liquid form in a manner known per se, the kelp is added at the same time as and continuously during the cutting of this,
og at konserveringsmidlet tilsettes i mengder på 0,5 til iy2 pst. av tarevekten. and that the preservative is added in amounts of 0.5 to iy2 per cent of the kelp weight.
Fortrinnsvis innføres taren kuttet opp Preferably, the kelp is introduced cut up
i stykker i størrelsesorden 1:2—1:10 cm. Det er vesentlig at siloen forsynes med fritt. avløp i bunnen slik at den væske som taren gir fra seg under presset i siloen fritt kan renne ut. in pieces of the order of 1:2—1:10 cm. It is essential that the silo is supplied with free. drainage in the bottom so that the liquid that the kelp gives off under the pressure in the silo can flow freely.
Ved fremgangsmåten etter oppfinnelsen er det således lykkedes å oppbevare såvel blader av Laminaria digitata som Laminaria Claustoni-stilker i mengder på ca. 100 tonn over et år, uten at noen nevne-verdige tap i viskositet hos det alginat som er fremstilt fra dette råstoff, har kunnet iakttas. With the method according to the invention, it has thus been possible to store both leaves of Laminaria digitata and Laminaria Claustoni stems in quantities of approx. 100 tonnes over a year, without any significant loss in viscosity of the alginate produced from this raw material being observed.
Det antas at det er av vesentlig betydning for oppbevaringen, at taren er tilstrekkelig findelt før den fylles på silo. Herunder er det iakttatt, at det er vesentlig at konserveringsmidlet kontinuerlig til-' blandes taren under oppkuttingen, hvor-ved man oppnår en intim og homogen blanding av den oppkuttede tare og konserveringsmidlet. Som velegnede konserver-ingsmidler kan nevnes formalin, fluorider, silikofluorid, pentaklorfenolat, kvaternære ammoniumforbindelser osv. It is believed that it is of significant importance for storage that the kelp is sufficiently finely divided before it is filled into a silo. Below, it is observed that it is essential that the preservative is continuously mixed with the kelp during cutting, whereby an intimate and homogeneous mixture of the chopped kelp and the preservative is achieved. Examples of suitable preservatives include formalin, fluorides, silicofluoride, pentachlorophenolate, quaternary ammonium compounds, etc.
Som allerede nevnt, er det vesentlig at de siloer som anvendes til oppbevaring av tare, har fritt utløp i bunnen, og ved dette oppnåes at taren etter relativt kort tidsforløp mister sin klebrige natur. Dette fører bl. a. med seg den store fordel, at taren kan transporteres som romlast uten1 at det er nødvendig å sette opp skott. På denne måte kan et fartøys lastekapasitet utnyttes helt ut. i As already mentioned, it is essential that the silos used for storing kelp have a free outlet at the bottom, and this results in the kelp losing its sticky nature after a relatively short period of time. This leads, among other things, to a. with the great advantage that the kelp can be transported as space cargo without1 needing to erect bulkheads. In this way, a vessel's cargo capacity can be fully utilized. in
Valget av silotype er ikke vesentlig. Det har vist seg at helt ut tilfredsstillende resultater oppnåes hva enten siloen er ut-ført av tre, tekstil eller aluminium. I sin ytterste konsekvens kan også et skipsrom anvendes som silo, hvis der treffes foran-staltninger til å pumpe vekk den væske som renner av taren etter lastningen. Dette siste er av spesiell betydning, da det åpner muligheten for at taren kan behandles i nærheten av voksestedet. På denne måte blir man uavhengig av tørkeplass, etc. The choice of silo type is not essential. It has been shown that completely satisfactory results are achieved whether the silo is made of wood, textile or aluminium. In its extreme consequence, a ship's hold can also be used as a silo, if measures are taken to pump away the liquid that drains from the kelp after loading. The latter is of particular importance, as it opens up the possibility that the kelp can be processed near the place of growth. In this way, you become independent of drying space, etc.
Til oppkuttingen av taren anvendes fortrinnsvis et apparat med skjærende kni-ver, f. eks. en vanlig silokutter. Tilfredsstillende resultater er også oppnådd med kut-j tere hvor materialet ved en transportskrue mates frem under trykk til en kniv, som skjærer massen. Under denne oppskjæring tilføres konserveringsmidlet f. eks. ved en silokutter i selve kutterhjulet. Ved kuttere som arbeider med transportskrue, innføres konserveringsmidlet sammen med massen, når den mates frem av transportskruen. A device with cutting knives is preferably used for cutting up the kelp, e.g. a regular silo cutter. Satisfactory results have also been achieved with cutters where the material is fed by a transport screw under pressure to a knife, which cuts the mass. During this cutting, the preservative is added, e.g. by a silo cutter in the cutter wheel itself. In the case of cutters that work with a conveyor screw, the preservative is introduced together with the pulp, when it is fed forward by the conveyor screw.
Mengden av tilsatt konserveringsmiddel vil i noen grad avhenge av hvor lenge taren skal oppbevares. Det skal imidlertid fremheves, at mengden av konserveringsmiddel ligger høyere enn hva som normalt angis for konservering av kullhydrater. Når formalin brukes som konserveringsmiddel for kullhydrater, angis den nødj-vendige konsentrasjon å ligge på ca. 0,1 pst. Tilfredsstillende resultater etter nær-værende fremgangsmåte oppnåes med en formalintilsetning på ca. 1 pst. Det antas at dette store forbruk av konserveringsmiddel skyldes at de i taren tilstedeværende proteiner delvis binder formaldehydet. The amount of added preservative will depend to some extent on how long the kelp is to be stored. However, it must be emphasized that the amount of preservative is higher than what is normally indicated for the preservation of carbohydrates. When formalin is used as a preservative for carbohydrates, the necessary concentration is stated to be approx. 0.1 percent Satisfactory results according to the present method are obtained with a formalin addition of approx. 1 per cent. It is assumed that this large consumption of preservative is due to the proteins present in the kelp partially binding the formaldehyde.
De følgende eksempler vil belyse oppfinnelsen. The following examples will illustrate the invention.
Eksempel 1. Example 1.
100 tonn Laminaria digitata kuttes opp på en silokutter under samtidig tilsats av 1000 liter 80 pst.'s maursyre. 100 tonnes of Laminaria digitata are cut up on a silo cutter while simultaneously adding 1,000 liters of 80 percent formic acid.
Ved kuttingen vil størsteparten av tarebladene foreligge i flak i størrelses-orden 1—2 cm bred og 1—10 cm lang. Taren blåses inn på en silo med lagringsvolum 100 tonn. Passende høyde på en slik silo er 5—6 m. Når siloen er full, blir denne tettet på toppen, helst med pressenning, og lagt under press. Pressets størrelse er ikke kri-tisk. Det som imidlertid er viktig, er at siloen blir tettet godt til slik at konserveringsmidlet ikke får anledning til å unn-vike. Ved lagring på silo, vil taren etter 3 måneder gi fra seg ca. 30 pst. væske. Press-væsken inneholder imidlertid ikke alginat, og derfor representerer dette ikke noe tap, men derimot en betydelig besparelse av frakten frem til fabrikken. When cut, most of the kelp leaves will be in flakes in the order of 1-2 cm wide and 1-10 cm long. The kelp is blown into a silo with a storage volume of 100 tonnes. A suitable height for such a silo is 5-6 m. When the silo is full, it is sealed at the top, preferably with press netting, and placed under pressure. The size of the press is not critical. What is important, however, is that the silo is tightly sealed so that the preservative does not have an opportunity to escape. When stored in a silo, after 3 months the kelp will release approx. 30 percent liquid. However, the press liquid does not contain alginate, and therefore this does not represent a loss, but rather a significant saving on shipping to the factory.
For å tømme siloen, kan en enten be-nytte en grabb som tar taren ovenfra, eller sørge for at der er dør i siloen nedentil, og taren kan transporteres ombord i lastefar-tøyet enten ved hjelp av trillebør eller transportskrue. Det har overraskende vist seg at det ikke er ubehagelig å arbeide inne i siloen til tross for den store formalin-mengden. Dette er et klart bevis på at store mengder formalin er bundet til taren. Det har vist seg at under transporten vil taren gi fra seg ytterligere væske, som må pumpes ut etterhvert. To empty the silo, you can either use a grabber that takes the kelp from above, or ensure that there is a door in the silo below, and the kelp can be transported on board the cargo vessel either with the help of a wheelbarrow or transport screw. It has surprisingly turned out that it is not unpleasant to work inside the silo despite the large amount of formalin. This is clear evidence that large amounts of formalin are bound to the kelp. It has been shown that during transport the kelp will give off additional liquid, which must be pumped out eventually.
Eksempel 2. Example 2.
100 tonn Laminaria Claustoni-stilk males opp på en kjøttkvernliknende kvern. Hullene i platen er av størrelsesorden <1>4". Taren blandes med 1000 liter formalin under bearbeidingen i kvernen. 100 tonnes of Laminaria Claustoni stalks are ground up on a grinder similar to a meat grinder. The holes in the plate are of the order of <1>4". The kelp is mixed with 1000 liters of formalin during processing in the grinder.
Derpå fylles på silo som beskrevet i eks. 1. The silo is then filled as described in ex. 1.
Eksempel 3. Example 3.
Til 100 tonn Laminaria digitata tilsettes kontinuerlig under oppkuttingen 500 jkg natriumpentaklorfenolat, oppløst i 2000 liter vann. To 100 tonnes of Laminaria digitata, 500 jkg of sodium pentachlorophenolate, dissolved in 2000 liters of water, is continuously added during cutting.
Den blandede masse fylles på silo, som The mixed mass is filled in a silo, which
beskrevet i eksempel 1. described in example 1.
Eksempel 4. Example 4.
100 tonn oppkuttet Claustoni-stilk 100 tonnes of chopped Claustoni stem
blandes kontinuerlig under oppkuttingen continuously mixed during cutting
med 500 kg tørt pulver av natriumfluorat, with 500 kg of dry powder of sodium fluoride,
eller også natriumsilikofluorid. or also sodium silicofluoride.
Massen påfylles på silo som beskrevet The mass is topped up on the silo as described
i eksempel 1. in example 1.
Claims (2)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB24125/66A GB1129757A (en) | 1966-05-31 | 1966-05-31 | Method of producing a thixotropic liquid suspending medium particularly for the forming of non-woven fibrous webs |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO131735B true NO131735B (en) | 1975-04-07 |
NO131735C NO131735C (en) | 1975-07-16 |
Family
ID=10206801
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO168372A NO131735C (en) | 1966-05-31 | 1967-05-30 |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3716449A (en) |
AT (1) | AT288152B (en) |
BE (1) | BE699159A (en) |
DE (1) | DE1696278A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK123785B (en) |
ES (1) | ES341080A1 (en) |
FI (1) | FI51851C (en) |
GB (1) | GB1129757A (en) |
NL (1) | NL152037B (en) |
NO (1) | NO131735C (en) |
SE (1) | SE326888B (en) |
Families Citing this family (112)
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---|---|---|---|---|
GB1375196A (en) * | 1971-09-20 | 1974-11-27 | ||
US3929560A (en) * | 1971-12-09 | 1975-12-30 | Escher Wyss Gmbh | Continuous process for forming webs from fiber suspensions |
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FI65459C (en) * | 1972-04-07 | 1984-05-10 | Wiggins Teape Res Dev | FRAMEWORK FOR THE FRAMEWORK OF FIXED FIBERS |
US4200488A (en) * | 1975-02-20 | 1980-04-29 | International Paper Company | Viscous dispersion for forming wet-laid, non-woven fabrics |
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US4062721A (en) * | 1976-10-26 | 1977-12-13 | Conwed Corporation | Use of surfactant to increase water removal from fibrous web |
US4299655A (en) * | 1978-03-13 | 1981-11-10 | Beloit Corporation | Foam generator for papermaking machine |
US4285767A (en) * | 1978-03-13 | 1981-08-25 | Beloit Corporation | Headbox having adjustable flow passages |
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US4443299A (en) * | 1980-08-18 | 1984-04-17 | James River-Dixie/Northern, Inc. | Apparatus and method for the manufacture of a non-woven fibrous web |
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US4543156A (en) * | 1982-05-19 | 1985-09-24 | James River-Norwalk, Inc. | Method for manufacture of a non-woven fibrous web |
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GB8618729D0 (en) * | 1986-07-31 | 1986-09-10 | Wiggins Teape Group Ltd | Fibrous structure |
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US2114809A (en) * | 1934-07-06 | 1938-04-19 | West Virginia Pulp & Paper Com | Method of producing sized papers |
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US3506538A (en) * | 1966-12-21 | 1970-04-14 | Procter & Gamble | Apparatus for producing a homogeneous foam |
-
1966
- 1966-05-31 GB GB24125/66A patent/GB1129757A/en not_active Expired
-
1967
- 1967-05-25 FI FI671481A patent/FI51851C/en active
- 1967-05-26 AT AT490267A patent/AT288152B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1967-05-26 DE DE19671696278 patent/DE1696278A1/en active Pending
- 1967-05-27 ES ES341080A patent/ES341080A1/en not_active Expired
- 1967-05-29 BE BE699159D patent/BE699159A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1967-05-30 DK DK280067AA patent/DK123785B/en unknown
- 1967-05-30 SE SE07557/67A patent/SE326888B/xx unknown
- 1967-05-30 NO NO168372A patent/NO131735C/no unknown
- 1967-05-31 NL NL676707589A patent/NL152037B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1970
- 1970-11-19 US US00091104A patent/US3716449A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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US3716449A (en) | 1973-02-13 |
NL152037B (en) | 1977-01-17 |
AT288152B (en) | 1971-02-25 |
DK123785B (en) | 1972-07-31 |
FI51851B (en) | 1976-12-31 |
NL6707589A (en) | 1967-12-01 |
SE326888B (en) | 1970-08-03 |
GB1129757A (en) | 1968-10-09 |
BE699159A (en) | 1967-11-29 |
DE1696278A1 (en) | 1972-01-05 |
FI51851C (en) | 1977-04-12 |
NO131735C (en) | 1975-07-16 |
ES341080A1 (en) | 1968-06-16 |
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