NO126681B - - Google Patents
Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO126681B NO126681B NO308770A NO308770A NO126681B NO 126681 B NO126681 B NO 126681B NO 308770 A NO308770 A NO 308770A NO 308770 A NO308770 A NO 308770A NO 126681 B NO126681 B NO 126681B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- binder
- alcoholates
- aluminum
- mass
- corundum
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- -1 silicon alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KMWBBMXGHHLDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [AlH3].[Si] Chemical compound [AlH3].[Si] KMWBBMXGHHLDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- JKGITWJSGDFJKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxy(trihydroxy)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](O)(O)O JKGITWJSGDFJKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FRWYFWZENXDZMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-iodoquinoline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NC(I)=CC=C21 FRWYFWZENXDZMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021552 Vanadium(IV) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012216 bentonite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LTPBRCUWZOMYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium oxide Inorganic materials O=[Be] LTPBRCUWZOMYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZHXZNKNQUHUIGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro hypochlorite;vanadium Chemical compound [V].ClOCl ZHXZNKNQUHUIGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007323 disproportionation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052839 forsterite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011214 refractory ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000033764 rhythmic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052851 sillimanite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZCUFMDLYAMJYST-UHFFFAOYSA-N thorium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Th]=O ZCUFMDLYAMJYST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003452 thorium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JTJFQBNJBPPZRI-UHFFFAOYSA-J vanadium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[V](Cl)(Cl)Cl JTJFQBNJBPPZRI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J zirconium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Zr](Cl)(Cl)Cl DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
- C04B33/1315—Non-ceramic binders
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2/00—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic
- B01J2/28—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic using special binding agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
Description
Fremgangsmåte til fremstilling av sterkt temperaturbestandige og korrosjonsfaste foringer for reaktorer eller smeltekar. Process for the production of highly temperature-resistant and corrosion-resistant liners for reactors or melting vessels.
Oppfinnelsen vedrorer overveiende fremstilling av foring- The invention mainly relates to the production of lining
er for reaktorer og smeltekar hvori kan gjennomføres overveiende reduserende kloreringer ved hoye'temperaturer. Fremstillingen av disse foringer foregår vanligvis ved blanding med silikatiske, is for reactors and melting vessels in which mainly reducing chlorinations can be carried out at high temperatures. The production of these linings usually takes place by mixing with silicate,
eventuelt oksydiske stoffer av. bindemasser som leire, kaolin, bentonitt, kiselsyresol, vannglass, etylsilikat, aluminium- og aluminiumkrom- possibly oxidizing substances of. binders such as clay, kaolin, bentonite, silicic acid sol, water glass, ethyl silicate, aluminum and aluminum chrome
fosfater eller lignende og etterfølgende brenning ved hoye tempe- phosphates or similar and subsequent firing at high tempe-
raturer. Tilsetningen av disse bindemidler foregår i vekslende mengder og kan derfor betraktelig forandre den kjemiske sammenset- ratures. The addition of these binders takes place in varying amounts and can therefore considerably change the chemical composition
ning av grunnstoffet og således vesentlig nedsette resistensen over- of the basic material and thus significantly reduce the resistance over
for kjemikalier, spesielt under hoye temperaturbetingelser. Riktig- for chemicals, especially under high temperature conditions. Correct-
nok fåes ved tilsetning .av en høy mengde aluminiumkromfosfat sammen med leire spesielt temperaturbestandige materialer, imidlertid er deres bestandighet overfor kjemiske aggressive stoffer bare liten, sammenlign DAS 1.281.916. enough is obtained by adding a high amount of aluminum chrome phosphate together with clay, especially temperature-resistant materials, however, their resistance to chemically aggressive substances is only small, compare DAS 1,281,916.
Brenningen ved høye temperaturer krever dessuten ekstra-innretninger og fører også undertiden til avfall. Videre finnes det eksempelvis hittil ingen tilfredsstillende holdbare materialer som foringer som tåler en klorering ved temperaturer til over 1100°C eller muliggjør forbrenning av PVC og dessuten kan fremstilles enkelt. Til reaktormaterialet stilles spesielt ved reduserende kloreringer i nærvær av kull ved temperaturer inntil 1300°C betrakte-lige krav som slike kjente materialer som kvarts eller metallisk nikkel ikke oppfyller, da ved førstnevnte kan der opptre rekrystal-lisasjoner som medfører sprøhetsbrudd og det i og for seg over- Burning at high temperatures also requires extra equipment and sometimes also leads to waste. Furthermore, there are, for example, up to now no satisfactory durable materials such as linings which can withstand chlorination at temperatures above 1100°C or enable the combustion of PVC and which can also be produced easily. Considerable demands are placed on the reactor material, especially during reductive chlorination in the presence of coal at temperatures up to 1300°C, which such known materials as quartz or metallic nickel do not meet, as with the former recrystallizations can occur which lead to brittle fracture and that in and of itself over-
for angrep av klor motstandsdyktige nikkel har under disse beting-elser et betraktelig materialsvinn og en korrosjon. under these conditions, nickel resistant to attack by chlorine has considerable material loss and corrosion.
En ytterligere ulempe av kompakte materialer er at f.eks. ved klorering av V^O^ til VOCl^ kan vanadinoksydet på grunn av dets negative utvidelseskoeffisienter ved temperaturveksling, som alltid kan finne sted ved en slik prosess, trykke visse foringstyper fra hverandre. A further disadvantage of compact materials is that e.g. in the chlorination of V^O^ to VOCl^, the vanadium oxide, owing to its negative coefficients of expansion upon change of temperature, which can always take place in such a process, may push certain types of lining apart.
Oppfinnelsen vedrører altså en fremgangsmåte til fremstilling av temperaturbestandige og korrosjonsfaste foringer for reaktorer eller smeltekar på basis av ildfaste oksyder og med oppløsninger av påkondenserte alkoholater av aluminium og/eller zirkon og silisium som bindemiddel og som avbindes ved temperaturinnvirkning, idet frem-gangsmåten er karakterisert ved at man anvender ildfaste oksyder med kornstørrelse mindre enn 50^u, fortrinnsvis, mindre enn 30^u, idet over 50% ligger i området mellom 1 og 20,u og gjennomfører avbind- The invention therefore relates to a method for the production of temperature-resistant and corrosion-resistant linings for reactors or melting vessels based on refractory oxides and with solutions of condensed alcoholates of aluminum and/or zircon and silicon as a binder and which are debonded by temperature exposure, the method being characterized by that one uses refractory oxides with a grain size of less than 50^u, preferably less than 30^u, with more than 50% lying in the range between 1 and 20,u and carrying out
o o
ingen ved temperaturer under 1300 C. none at temperatures below 1300 C.
Som oppløsningsmidler kommer ifølge oppfinnelsen f.eks. på tale alkoholer med 1 - il C-atomer eller ketoner som aceton eller metyletylketon. As solvents according to the invention, e.g. namely alcohols with 1 - 1 C atoms or ketones such as acetone or methyl ethyl ketone.
Med ild- resp. høyildfaste oksyder forstås det innen opp-finnelsens ramme eksempelvis følgende oksyder: Korund (a-aluminiumoksyd), magnesiumoksyd, berylliumoksyd, zirkoniumoksyd, thoriumoksyd, spinell, zirkoniumsilikat, forsteritt, sillimanitt og mullitt. With fire or highly refractory oxides are understood within the scope of the invention to include, for example, the following oxides: corundum (α-alumina), magnesium oxide, beryllium oxide, zirconium oxide, thorium oxide, spinel, zirconium silicate, forsterite, sillimanite and mullite.
Fastgjøringen kan gjennomføres på forskjellige måter: The fastening can be carried out in different ways:
Det er f.eks. mulig å behandle massen av oksyd og bindemiddel med en inert, eventuelt inntil 140°C oppvarmet gass, hvor-ved den herdner. I dette tilfelle anvender man påkondenserte alkoholater som fremstilles av aluminium og/eller zirkoniumalkoholater sammen med silisiumalkoholer ved partiell forsåpning med en til 1,5 mol vann ifolge tysk patent nr. 1.286.038. Fortrinnsvis består alkoholkomponenten av disse alkoholater av C2-C^-alkoholer. Hvis det ved fremstilling av blandingsalkoholatene på grunnav utgangs-materialenes forskjellige hydrolysehastighet må tilsettes titanalko-holater som katalysator, så skader disse ikke ved anvendelsen ifolge oppfinnelsen. It is e.g. possible to treat the mass of oxide and binder with an inert gas, possibly heated up to 140°C, whereby it hardens. In this case, condensed alcoholates are used which are produced from aluminum and/or zirconium alcoholates together with silicon alcohols by partial saponification with one to 1.5 mol of water according to German patent no. 1,286,038. Preferably, the alcohol component of these alcoholates consists of C2-C4 alcohols. If, due to the different hydrolysis rates of the starting materials, titanium alcoholates have to be added as a catalyst during the production of the mixed alcoholates, then these do not harm the application according to the invention.
Med inerte gasser forstås da f.eks. nitrogen, rokgasser, kar-bondioksyd, fortrinnsvis imidlertid luft. Gassene kan ha en natur-lig eller inntil metningsgrensen oppstukket fuktighetsgrad og kan videre eventuelt være oppvarmet til 140°C. Oppvarmingen retter seg etter den onskede fastgjbringstid og kokepunktet for de som for-tynningsmiddel resp. opplbsningsmiddel tjenende stoffer og kokepunktet for de alkoholer som ligger til grunn for alkoholatene. Fastgjbringen av masser av ildfast oksyd og bindemiddel kan også foregå ved direkte flammeinnvirkning eller brenning ved temperaturer på 800 - 1000°C. I dette tilfelle anvendes fortrinnsvis silisium-aluminium-blandingsalkoholater, hvis fremstilling likeledes er om-talt i det allerede ovenfor nevnte tyske patent nr. 1.286.038. By inert gases is meant e.g. nitrogen, carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide, preferably, however, air. The gases can have a natural humidity level or increased up to the saturation limit and can also optionally be heated to 140°C. The heating is based on the desired fixation time and the boiling point of those used as diluents or substances serving as solvents and the boiling point of the alcohols that form the basis of the alcoholates. The fixing of masses of refractory oxide and binder can also take place by direct exposure to flame or burning at temperatures of 800 - 1000°C. In this case, silicon-aluminium mixed alcoholates are preferably used, the preparation of which is also mentioned in the already mentioned German patent no. 1,286,038.
I disse to ovenfor nevnte tilfeller av fastgjoring av massen av oksyd og bindemiddel anvendes bindemidlet alt etter den etterfblgende forarbeidingsart sterkt konsentrert eller fortynnet 1 sammenblanding med oksydene eller oksydblandingene. Mengden av bindemiddel svinger f.eks. ved anvendelse av en 33 vektprosentig isopropyl-alkoholisk opplosning påkondensert et silisiumaluminium-alkoholat mellom ca. 15 og 20 vektprosent ved tyntflytende, til stoping av egnede masser og ca. 5-10 vektprosent ved rystbare masser. In these two above-mentioned cases of fixing the mass of oxide and binder, the binder is used, depending on the subsequent type of processing, highly concentrated or diluted in a mixture with the oxides or oxide mixtures. The amount of binder fluctuates, e.g. by using a 33% by weight isopropyl alcoholic solution condensed on a silicon aluminum alcoholate between approx. 15 and 20 percent by weight when thin, for stopping suitable masses and approx. 5-10 percent by weight for shakeable masses.
En ytterligere utforelsesmåte til fastgjoring av massene av ildfast oksyd og bindemiddel består i at man anvender en masse som består av finkornet a-korund og så meget påkondensert silisium-aluminium-blandingsalkoholat opplost i en slik mengde av et opplbsningsmiddel at massen er rystbar, resp. stampbar og etter oppvarming til 1100 til 1300°C har et innhold av Si02 som er mindre enn 2 vektprosent, fortrinnsvis mindre enn 1 A further embodiment for fixing the masses of refractory oxide and binder consists in using a mass consisting of fine-grained α-corundum and so much condensed silicon-aluminium mixed alcoholate dissolved in such an amount of a solvent that the mass is shakeable, resp. malleable and after heating to 1100 to 1300°C has a SiO2 content of less than 2% by weight, preferably less than 1
Med en finkornet a-korund skal det derved forstås en slik som har en kornstbrrelsesfordeling mellom 1 og 100 mikron, fortrinnsvis mellom 1 og 20.mikron. A fine-grained a-corundum is thereby to be understood as having a grain size distribution between 1 and 100 microns, preferably between 1 and 20 microns.
Foringsmassen kan tilsettes vann i en mengde inntil 12 vektprosent referert til opplosningsmiddelfritt bindemiddel for fastgjoring. Water can be added to the lining compound in an amount of up to 12% by weight, referred to solvent-free binder for fixing.
Foringen ifolge oppfinnelsen kan f.eks. med resultat anvendes overalt hvor kvartsgods resp. kvartsglass ikke kan anvend- The lining according to the invention can e.g. with results used everywhere where quartz goods resp. quartz glass cannot be used
es på grunn av dets hoye.krystallisasjonstendens i nærvær av reak-sjonsmediet, dets bruddfare og begrensede forgivningsmulighet. es because of its high crystallization tendency in the presence of the reaction medium, its risk of breakage and limited possibility of forgiveness.
Innarbeidelsen av foringen ifolge oppfinnelsen i en på forhånd gitt apparatur ved hjelp av i bnskede avstander fra rørveg-gen anbragt indre sjablon er spesielt gitt hvor kompliserte former synes å være hensiktsmessige med fremstilling av en egen formmodell. Fremstillingen av selvbærende deler er imidlertid da alltid fordel-aktig når det dreier seg om seriestykker eller glatte utfbrings-former som f.eks. ror. The incorporation of the liner according to the invention in a previously provided apparatus by means of an internal template placed at desired distances from the pipe wall is especially given where complicated shapes seem to be suitable for the production of a separate mold model. The production of self-supporting parts is, however, always advantageous when it comes to series pieces or smooth designs such as e.g. tube.
Selvsagt krever innarbeidelsen av foringer som foretas Of course, the incorporation of liners requires that be done
ved innstbpninger meget fine kornblandinger eller kornmengedeler og tilsvarende hoye mengder av bindeopplbsning for å sikre en god forbearbeidhet og oppnå en hby råfasthet. Selvbærende deler fremstilles hensiktsmessig i sentrifugestbping eller ved maksimale krav i innrystnings- eller stampefremgangsmåte med tilsvarende lav bindemiddeldel. in the case of embedding, very fine grain mixtures or grain bulk fractions and correspondingly high amounts of binder solution to ensure good pre-processing and achieve a high raw strength. Self-supporting parts are suitably produced in centrifugal stamping or, for maximum requirements, in a shaking or stamping process with a correspondingly low binder content.
Foringene som fremstilles ifolge oppfinnelsen utmerker The liners produced according to the invention excel
seg med en glatt og tett overflate. De har en spesielt porefattig overflate og indre struktur i motsetning til de hittil vanlige kon-vensjonelle ildfaste keramiske materialer som hverken har porefat-tighet, tett overflate eller elastisitet eller tilstrekkelig kjem-isk motstandsevne. with a smooth and dense surface. They have a particularly low-pore surface and internal structure, in contrast to the hitherto common conventional refractory ceramic materials, which have neither low porosity, dense surface nor elasticity, nor sufficient chemical resistance.
Eksempel 1 Example 1
Til 82 kg a-korund i stbrrelse inntil 30 /u tilsettes Add up to 30 /u to 82 kg of aluminum corundum in steel
som bindemiddel 18 kg av en isopropylalkoholisk 33 vektprosentig opplbsning av en påkondensert silisiumaluminiumester, fremstilt av kiselsyreetylester og Al-sec. butylalkoholat i molforhol 1 : 1 med 1 mol vann og sammenblandes godt i en blander. Den seigtflytende masse has i rommet mellom en reaktors indre karvegg og en i bnsket avstand anbragt siktsjablon. Etter innfylling og innstamping av massen atskilles det overskytende bindemiddel som renner av gjennom siktsj ablonen. as binder 18 kg of an isopropyl alcoholic 33% by weight solution of a condensed silicon aluminum ester, produced from silicic acid ethyl ester and Al-sec. butyl alcoholate in a molar ratio of 1:1 with 1 mole of water and mix well in a mixer. The viscous liquid mass is contained in the space between a reactor's inner vessel wall and a sieve template placed at a desired distance. After filling and tamping the mass, the excess binder is separated and runs off through the sieve.
Etter flere timers torking i varmluft finner det sted avbinding og fastgjoring således at den indre sjablon kan fjernes.. After several hours of drying in hot air, binding and fixing takes place so that the inner template can be removed.
Eksempel 2 Example 2
Til en kornblanding av 100 kg korund av kornstdrrelses-fordeling inntil 0,1 mm 61 <fo, 0,1 til 0,2 mm 18 $ > og 0,2 til 0,5 mm 21 %, has 10 kg av bindemidlet ifolge eksempel 1. Forarbeidelsen til selvbærende ror, ringer eller segmenter foregår i rystemaskin-er tilsvarende fremstilling av betongror. Rorets vegger får en tett struktur og fastgjores etter lufttorking med en relativ fuktig-het på 70 i» ved normaltemperatur i lopet av en uke ved forhoyede temperaturer, f.eks. til 60 eller 70°C etter 2-3 dager såvidt at rorene uten videre etterbehandling ved brenning kan innbygges i tilsvarende apparater. For a grain mixture of 100 kg of corundum with a grain size distribution of up to 0.1 mm 61 <fo, 0.1 to 0.2 mm 18 $ > and 0.2 to 0.5 mm 21%, have 10 kg of the binder according to example 1. The processing into self-supporting rudders, rings or segments takes place in a shaking machine - similar to the production of concrete rudders. The walls of the rudder acquire a dense structure and are fixed after air drying with a relative humidity of 70% at normal temperature over the course of a week at elevated temperatures, e.g. to 60 or 70°C after 2-3 days to the extent that the rudders can be built into corresponding devices without further post-treatment by firing.
Eksempel 3 Example 3
Til den i eksempel 2 anforte kornblanding med bindemiddel tilsettes omtrent 20 vektprosent av et materiale som ble fremstilt av samme råstoffet ved pressing, torking og knusing i kornstorrel-se på 0,2-7 eller 10 mm som magringsmiddel. Det oppstår en blanding som ved innrysting er bedre å forarbeide, det inntrer hoyere fortetning og herdningen foregår hurtigere. About 20% by weight of a material which was produced from the same raw material by pressing, drying and crushing in a grain size of 0.2-7 or 10 mm is added to the grain mixture with binder given in example 2 as a slimming agent. A mixture is created which, when shaken, is better processed, higher densification occurs and hardening takes place more quickly.
Eksempel 4 Example 4
I et nikkel- eller VA-stålrbr med dimensjonene: innven-dig diameter 350, hoyde 2000 mm fremstilles en foring på fbl- In a nickel or VA steel tube with the dimensions: internal diameter 350, height 2000 mm, a lining is produced on fbl-
gende måte: way:
I en blander sammenblandes godt finkornet aluminiumoksyd (inntil 30 <y>u) med en 33 vektprosentig isopropylalkoholisk oppløs-ning av en påkondensert silisiumaluminiumestér, som ble fremstilt av kiselsyreetylester og Al-sec. butylalkoholat i molforholdet 1 : 1 med 1 mol H^O i vektsforhold 80 % : 20 $ inntil det er dannet en nettopp flytedyktig masse. I roret som etter foringen tjener som reaktor innsettes, ifolge de onskede indre dimensjoner et sikteblikk som bespennes med filtrerpapir og oventil er utformet som omvendt trakt. In a mixer, fine-grained alumina (up to 30 µm) is mixed with a 33% by weight isopropyl alcoholic solution of a condensed silicon aluminum ester, which was prepared from silicic acid ethyl ester and Al-sec. butyl alcoholate in the molar ratio 1 : 1 with 1 mol H^O in the weight ratio 80% : 20 $ until a just flowable mass is formed. In the rudder which, after the lining, serves as a reactor, according to the desired internal dimensions, a sight glass is inserted which is lined with filter paper and is designed as an inverted funnel on top.
Nedenfor befinner det seg en metallansats således at hul-rommet er avsluttet. I dette hulrom innfylles ovennevnte masse. Etter 24 - 48 timers torking av stbpemassen og avdrypping av overskytende bindemiddel fjernes siktblikket. Deretter oppvarmes til en temperatur som skal ligge over den senere reaksjonstemperatur, dvs. altså ved ca. 800 til 900°C. Herdningen kan også foregå ved direkte flammeinnvirkning. Man får derved i praksis de beste resul-tater når det gjelder porefrinet og hårdhet av overflaten. Below there is a metal abutment so that the cavity is finished. The above-mentioned mass is filled into this cavity. After 24 - 48 hours of drying of the base material and dripping of excess binder, the sight plate is removed. It is then heated to a temperature that should be above the later reaction temperature, i.e. at approx. 800 to 900°C. Curing can also take place by direct exposure to flame. In practice, you thereby get the best results when it comes to the pore size and hardness of the surface.
I den således utforede reaktor ble fremstillingen av vana-dinoksyklorid drevet ved 500 - 700°C etter folgende skjema: In the reactor designed in this way, the production of vanadium oxychloride was carried out at 500 - 700°C according to the following scheme:
En driftsperiode varte ca. 6 uker. Deretter ble det avkjolt til normaltemperatur og startet på nytt. Etter 4 produksjonsperioder kunne det ikke fastslås slitasjeforeteelser på reaktorforingsmater-ialet. Det dannede produkt var aluminiumsfritt og gulfarget. Ved nærvær av aluminium inntrer misfarging mot sort. An operating period lasted approx. 6 weeks. It was then cooled to normal temperature and started again. After 4 production periods, no signs of wear could be determined on the reactor lining material. The product formed was aluminum-free and yellow in colour. In the presence of aluminium, discoloration towards black occurs.
Eksempel 5 Example 5
I en reaktor med samme foring som i eksempel 4 ble det ved temperaturer på 800 - 850°C fremstilt vanadintetraklorid etter' ligning: In a reactor with the same liner as in example 4, vanadium tetrachloride was produced at temperatures of 800 - 850°C according to the equation:
Ved tilsvarende reaksjonsperiode som i eksempel 4 kunne ikke fastslås slitasje av reaktorforingen. With a corresponding reaction period as in example 4, wear of the reactor lining could not be determined.
Eksempel 6 Example 6
I en reaktor med samme foring som i eksempel 4 ble VClg fremstilt ved disproporsjonering ifolge ligningen: In a reactor with the same liner as in example 4, VClg was produced by disproportionation according to the equation:
Reaktoren ble da oppvarmet i 24 timers rytmer fra værelsetemperatur til ca. 700°C. Etter en 30 cyklers periode var reaktorens foring ikke angrepet og hadde ingen revner. The reactor was then heated in 24-hour rhythms from room temperature to approx. 700°C. After a 30 cycle period, the reactor liner was not attacked and had no cracks.
Eksempel 7 Example 7
I et nikkelrbr (diameter 400 mm, hoyde 1000 mm) blir det ved anbringelse av en glatt indre sjablon innstampet eller innrystet en blanding av a-korund av kornstbrrelse inntil 30 mikron og 8 vektprosent 33 vektprosentig isopropylalkoholisk opplosning av en med 1 mol vann påkondensert blanding av 0,5 mol silisiumetylalkoholat og 1,5 mol aluminium-sek.butylalkoholat. Formens indre del fjernes etter formgivningen slik det også er vanlig ved betongrbrfremstil-lingen. Den fastgjorte masse brennes deretter ved ca. 1100 til 1300°C. In a nickel tube (diameter 400 mm, height 1000 mm) a mixture of α-corundum with a grain size of up to 30 microns and 8% by weight 33% by weight isopropyl alcohol solution of a mixture condensed with 1 mol of water is rammed or shaken into a nickel tube (diameter 400 mm, height 1000 mm). of 0.5 mol silicon methyl alcoholate and 1.5 mol aluminum sec.butyl alcoholate. The inner part of the mold is removed after shaping, as is also common in the production of concrete slabs. The fixed mass is then burned at approx. 1100 to 1300°C.
I den således forede stående reaktor drives fremstillingen av zirkoniumtetraklorid ved 1000°C etter ligningen: Zr02 +20+ 2 C±2 = ZrCl^ = 2 00. Et.ter flere ukers produksjonsperiode kunne In the standing reactor thus lined, the production of zirconium tetrachloride is carried out at 1000°C according to the equation: Zr02 +20+ 2 C±2 = ZrCl^ = 2 00. A production period of several weeks could
det ikke sees materialslitasje. material wear is not visible.
Eksempel 8. Example 8.
Det fremstilles samme foring som i eksempel 7, men det tilsettes til råmassen 10 vektprosent vann referert til det oppløs-ningsfrie bindemiddel. The same lining as in example 7 is produced, but 10% by weight of water is added to the raw mass, referring to the solvent-free binder.
Eksempel 9- Example 9-
En reaktor ifølge eksempel 7 ble anvendt til klorering av zirkoniumsand ved 1100 til 1200°C over noen uker uten merkbare slitasjeforeteelser på foringsmaterialet. Reaksjonen forløp etter ligningen: ZrSiO^ + 4 C + 4 Cl2 = ZrCl^ + 4 CO. A reactor according to example 7 was used for the chlorination of zirconium sand at 1100 to 1200°C over a few weeks without noticeable wear phenomena on the lining material. The reaction proceeded according to the equation: ZrSiO^ + 4 C + 4 Cl2 = ZrCl^ + 4 CO.
Claims (8)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19691941142 DE1941142C (en) | 1969-08-13 | Process for the production of largely temperature-resistant and corrosion-resistant linings for reactors or melting vessels | |
DE19691941143 DE1941143C3 (en) | 1969-08-13 | 1969-08-13 | Process for the production of a ceramic lining for tubular reactors for the production of vanadium chlorides |
DE19691949758 DE1949758A1 (en) | 1969-10-02 | 1969-10-02 | Process for the production of a lining for tubular reactors in which zirconium tetrachloride, optionally in addition to silicon tetrachloride, is produced |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO126681B true NO126681B (en) | 1973-03-12 |
Family
ID=27182092
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO308770A NO126681B (en) | 1969-08-13 | 1970-08-12 |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS5319604B1 (en) |
AT (1) | AT300739B (en) |
BE (1) | BE754815A (en) |
CH (1) | CH566808A5 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2059899A5 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1320224A (en) |
NL (1) | NL169302C (en) |
NO (1) | NO126681B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110436948B (en) * | 2019-09-12 | 2021-09-03 | 长兴煤山新型炉料有限公司 | Ceramic blast furnace swinging launder and preparation method thereof |
-
0
- BE BE754815D patent/BE754815A/en unknown
-
1970
- 1970-08-07 CH CH1192870A patent/CH566808A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1970-08-12 NO NO308770A patent/NO126681B/no unknown
- 1970-08-12 GB GB3893970A patent/GB1320224A/en not_active Expired
- 1970-08-12 AT AT734870A patent/AT300739B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1970-08-12 FR FR7029754A patent/FR2059899A5/fr not_active Expired
- 1970-08-13 JP JP7113170A patent/JPS5319604B1/ja active Pending
- 1970-08-13 NL NL7011965A patent/NL169302C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BE754815A (en) | 1971-01-18 |
NL169302B (en) | 1982-02-01 |
JPS5319604B1 (en) | 1978-06-22 |
GB1320224A (en) | 1973-06-13 |
CH566808A5 (en) | 1975-09-30 |
AT300739B (en) | 1972-08-10 |
NL169302C (en) | 1982-07-01 |
NL7011965A (en) | 1971-02-16 |
FR2059899A5 (en) | 1971-06-04 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JPH0413308B2 (en) | ||
JP2007261835A (en) | Heat resistant material for low melting point metal casting apparatus | |
US3529753A (en) | Pressure pouring tube | |
US4117055A (en) | Low mass, high alumina-silica refractories | |
US9683782B2 (en) | Methods for producing silicon carbide whisker-reinforced refractory composition | |
KR100399676B1 (en) | Process for producing siliceous refractory material | |
NO126681B (en) | ||
RU2550626C1 (en) | Fire-proof concrete composition | |
US3773532A (en) | Mullite-chrome refractory | |
US2880098A (en) | Refractory articles and compositions therefor | |
US3233015A (en) | Method of making monolithic refractory lining in metallurgical vessels | |
JP7072848B2 (en) | Refractory concrete molding containing zirconia as the main component | |
JPS6090867A (en) | Improved alkali-resistant refractory composition | |
JPH10212158A (en) | Refractory for glass fusion furnace | |
CN105601301A (en) | High-intensity wear-resistant casting material and preparation method thereof | |
SU620457A1 (en) | Refractory compound | |
SU749816A1 (en) | Refractory mass | |
SU823343A1 (en) | Refractory concrete mix | |
RU2081079C1 (en) | Raw materials mixture for production of phosphate binder | |
JP6978702B2 (en) | How to build refractory mortar, refractory brick joint material and kiln furnace | |
SU893957A1 (en) | Charge for making sagger furniture | |
JPH0328393B2 (en) | ||
DE400966C (en) | Process for the production of highly refractory items from zirconia | |
JP2942090B2 (en) | Shrinkable mortar for high expansion brick construction | |
SU857076A1 (en) | Charge for producing refractory material |