NO124003B - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- NO124003B NO124003B NO16854867A NO16854867A NO124003B NO 124003 B NO124003 B NO 124003B NO 16854867 A NO16854867 A NO 16854867A NO 16854867 A NO16854867 A NO 16854867A NO 124003 B NO124003 B NO 124003B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- treatment
- soda
- per cent
- alkaline
- foam
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 15
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000006261 foam material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001397173 Kali <angiosperm> Species 0.000 description 1
- DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bisulfite Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])=O DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ba+2] RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001863 barium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003287 bathing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- LGCAEZFHFWVARK-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid;lead Chemical compound [Pb].OB(O)O LGCAEZFHFWVARK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005521 carbonamide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004289 sodium hydrogen sulphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea group Chemical group NC(=O)N XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B7/00—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation
- E04B7/08—Vaulted roofs
- E04B7/10—Shell structures, e.g. of hyperbolic-parabolic shape; Grid-like formations acting as shell structures; Folded structures
- E04B7/102—Shell structures
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
- E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
- E04C5/02—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of low bending resistance
- E04C5/04—Mats
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
Description
Fremgangsmåte til etterbehandling av skumstoffer av polyuretaner. Process for finishing polyurethane foams.
Det er kjent at man kan fremstille It is known that one can produce
polyuretanskumstoffer ifølge di-isocyanat-polyaddisjonsmetoden. Fremgangsmåten polyurethane foams according to the diisocyanate polyaddition method. The procedure
er beskrevet av O. Bayer i Angewandte is described by O. Bayer in Angewandte
Chemie i 1947, side 257 og følgende, særlig Chemie in 1947, page 257 et seq., especially
side 267 og utøves idag i stor utstrekning page 267 and is practiced today to a large extent
i praksis. De skumstoffer som fåes ifølge in practice. The foams obtained according to
fremgangsmåten har i alminnelighet en the procedure generally has a
volumvekt på ca. 30—70 kg pr. ms, og deres sugeevne er i alminnelighet forholdsvis volumetric weight of approx. 30-70 kg per ms, and their absorbency is generally relatively high
liten. small.
For mange formål er det ønskelig å For many purposes it is desirable to
fremstille skumstoffer med andre egenskaper. F. eks. er det hensiktsmessig for produce foams with other properties. For example is it appropriate for
anvendelse som svamper i husholdningen, use as sponges in the household,
for vasking av biler og andre gjenstander for washing cars and other objects
hensiktsmessig med en mest mulig god sugeevne. For andre anvendelsesformål er appropriate with the best possible absorbency. For other purposes of use are
det fordelaktig med en mindre volumvekt the advantageous with a smaller volume weight
eller en mykere struktur. or a softer structure.
Hittil har man forsøk å oppnå en en-dring av egenskapene for svampene ved at Until now, attempts have been made to achieve a change in the properties of the sponges by
man varierte sammensetningen av ut-gangskomponentene eller de betingelser one varied the composition of the output components or the conditions
under hvilke skumstoffene ble fremstillet. during which the foams were produced.
Det ble nu funnet at man kan fremstille skumstoffer med fordelaktige nye It was now found that it is possible to produce foams with advantageous new
egenskaper ved at man behandler de på i properties by treating them on i
og for seg kjent måte fremstilte skumstoffer med alkaliske eller sure forsåpningsmidler, såsom f. eks. natron- eller and foam substances prepared in a known manner with alkaline or acidic saponification agents, such as e.g. baking soda or
kalilut, barytlut, konsentrerte soda- eller Kali liquor, bary liquor, concentrated soda or
bisulfitoppløsninger, svovelsyre og lignende, bisulphite solutions, sulfuric acid and the like,
på en slik måte at det inntrer en vekts-minskning på 10 til 50 pst. av den opprinnelige vekt. Ved denne behandling går in such a way that a weight reduction of 10 to 50 per cent of the original weight occurs. By this treatment goes
en del av de kjemiske stoffer som danner part of the chemical substances that form
Skumstoffene i oppløsning, hvilket gis bl. a. The foaming substances in solution, which is given, among other things, a.
ved vekttapet for skumstoffene. Når man by the weight loss for the foam materials. When you
gjennomfukter det skummede stoff i surt eller alkalisk behandlingsbad jevnt og fullstendig, foregår den delvise oppløsning av grunnstoffene således at stoffet fremdeles wets the foamed material in an acidic or alkaline treatment bath evenly and completely, the partial dissolution of the elements takes place so that the material is still
har en god skumstruktur, men i sammen-ligning med egenskapene for utgangsskum-stoffet, alt etter graden av vektstapet, har mer eller mindre vidtgående endrede egenskaper. has a good foam structure, but in comparison with the properties of the starting foam material, depending on the degree of weight loss, has more or less widely changed properties.
De skumstoffer som er fremstillet ifølge di-isocyanat-polyaddisjonsmetoden inne-holder ester-, uretan-, karbonamid- og urinstof f grupperinger som, med forskjellig letthet angripes, henholdsvis oppspaltes av de sure, henholdsvis alkaliske behandlingsbad. Dessuten er de celler som inneholdes i de opprinnelige skumstoffer atskilt fra hverandre, mer eller mindre vidtgående, The foams produced according to the diisocyanate polyaddition method contain ester, urethane, carbonamide and urea groups which, with varying degrees of ease, are attacked or split up by the acidic or alkaline treatment baths. Moreover, the cells contained in the original foams are separated from each other, more or less widely,
med tynne vegger. Det er å anta at de sure, with thin walls. It is assumed that the sour,
henholdsvis alkaliske behandlingsbad, for-trinsvis angriper ved disse tynne skillevegger, og således mer eller mindre vidtgående gjør skumlegemets struktur løsere. Virkningen av de sure, henholdsvis alkaliske behandlingsbad forsterkes ved at skumstoffene under behandlingen med de sure, henholdsvis alkaliske bad, underkas-tes en mekanisk behandling således at legemene under behandlingene kontinuer-lig trykkes sammen og frigjøres igjen. Ved hjelp av denne mekaniske behandling, be-fordres opprivningen av de tidligere nevnte skillevegger. respectively, alkaline treatment baths, preferably attack at these thin partitions, and thus more or less extensively make the structure of the foam body looser. The effect of the acidic or alkaline treatment baths is enhanced by the fact that during the treatment with the acidic or alkaline baths, the foam materials are subjected to a mechanical treatment so that the bodies during the treatments are continuously pressed together and released again. With the help of this mechanical treatment, the demolition of the previously mentioned partitions is encouraged.
Konsentrasjonen av de anvendte syrer, henholdsvis alkalier, lengden av behand-lingstiden, behandlingstemperaturen og de øvrige betingelser for behandlingsfrem-gangsmåten, kan avstemmes etter hverandre således at vektstapet og endringen av de opprinnelige egenskaper oppnåes i den grad som var ønsket fra det ene tilfelle til det annet. Hensiktsmessig anvendes alkalier og syrer med lav konsentrasjon, fordi man i dette tilfelle bedre kan kon-trollere omsetningen ved å endre reaksjonstiden og reaksjonstemperaturen. Når man f. eks. anvender natronlut, har det vist seg hensiktsmessig med konsentrasjoner på 10 til 20 pst. Man kan oppnå de ønskede virk-ninger ved anvendelse av 10 pst.'s natronlut, enten ved romtemperatur og behandlingstider på 6 til 12 timer, eller ved høyere temperaturer og tilsvarende forkortet be-handlingstid. Ved temperaturer på 70 til 80° er det tilstrekkelig med en behandlings-tid på noen få minutter. Med svakere vir-kende behandlingsmidler må man anvende tilsvarende konsentrerte bad og/eller lengere behandlingstider, og/eller høyere temperaturer. Lignende gjelder for behandling med syrer. The concentration of the acids used, respectively alkalis, the length of the treatment time, the treatment temperature and the other conditions for the treatment procedure can be adjusted one after the other so that the weight loss and the change in the original properties are achieved to the degree that was desired from one case to the next the other. Alkalis and acids with a low concentration are suitably used, because in this case the reaction can be better controlled by changing the reaction time and reaction temperature. When you e.g. using caustic soda, concentrations of 10 to 20 per cent have proven appropriate. The desired effects can be achieved by using 10 per cent caustic soda, either at room temperature and treatment times of 6 to 12 hours, or at higher temperatures and correspondingly shortened treatment time. At temperatures of 70 to 80°, a treatment time of a few minutes is sufficient. With weaker-acting treatment agents, one must use similarly concentrated baths and/or longer treatment times, and/or higher temperatures. The same applies to treatment with acids.
Etter utførelsen av behandlingen med de alkaliske, henholdsvis sure bad, innsj altes hensiktsmessig et nøytraliserings-og vasketrinn for fullstendig å fjerne de alkaliske, henholdsvis sure behandlingsmidler etter avslutningen av fremgangsmåten fra produktet. After carrying out the treatment with the alkaline, respectively acidic baths, a neutralization and washing step is suitably implemented to completely remove the alkaline, respectively acidic treatment agents from the product after the end of the process.
Fremgangsmåten muliggjør for det første fremstilling av skumstoffer med liten volumvekt. Man kan, ved hjelp av fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen nedsette volumvekten til f. eks. det halve av den opprinnelige vekt uten å nedsette skum-strukturen vesentlig på en uheldig måte. The method first enables the production of foams with a low volumetric weight. One can, with the help of the method according to the invention, reduce the volume weight to e.g. half of the original weight without reducing the foam structure significantly in an unfortunate way.
Som et resultat av vektsnedsettelsen får skumstoffene i en hittil uoppnådd myk struktur, hvilket er meget ønskelig for mange formål, f. eks. anvendelsen i stikk-teppeindustrien. Den særlige fordel med skumstoffene som er behandlet ifølge foreliggende fremgangsmåte ligger i den sterkt forbedrede sugeevne for de nye skumstoffer. Sannsynligvis forandres strukturen for porene ved behandlingen ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse. Svamp som er behandlet ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse, formår f. eks. å oppta vann inntil det 30 ganger deres egen vekt. Svampene som er fremstillet ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse egner seg fortrinnelig til vasking av biler, vinduer og andre gjenstander. Overras-kende er det at de svamper som fåes ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse, vesentlig lettere avgir smuss som er bragt inn ved den prak-tiske anvendelse av svampene, enn hvilket er tilfelle ved utgangssvampene. I alminnelighet er det tilstrekkelig med en vask-ning med klart vann for å gjøre svamper som er fremstilt ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse rene igjen. Luftgjennomtrengelig-heten for svampene som er fremstilt ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse er forbedret, hvorved deres anvendelse muliggjøres som luft-filtre. As a result of the weight reduction, the foam materials have a hitherto unachieved soft structure, which is very desirable for many purposes, e.g. the application in the patchwork carpet industry. The particular advantage of the foams that have been treated according to the present method lies in the greatly improved absorbency of the new foams. The structure of the pores is probably changed by the treatment according to the present invention. Mushrooms that have been treated according to the present invention are able, e.g. to absorb water up to 30 times their own weight. The sponges produced according to the present invention are particularly suitable for washing cars, windows and other objects. It is surprising that the sponges obtained according to the present invention give off dirt that has been brought in during the practical use of the sponges much more easily than is the case with the original sponges. In general, a wash with clear water is sufficient to make sponges produced according to the present invention clean again. The air permeability of the sponges produced according to the present invention is improved, thereby enabling their use as air filters.
Svampenes grep kan forbedres, henholdsvis gjøres mykere, ved at man utfører en etterbehandling med eddiksyre. Når man har utført fremgangsmåten som sådan med sure behandlingsbad, utføres hensiktsmessig først en mellombehandling med et alkalisk middel, slik som ammoniakk og deretter en etterbehandling med eddiksyre, henholdsvis flyktige organiske syrer. The grip of the sponges can be improved, respectively made softer, by carrying out a post-treatment with acetic acid. When the method as such has been carried out with acidic treatment baths, an intermediate treatment with an alkaline agent, such as ammonia, and then a post-treatment with acetic acid or volatile organic acids is suitably carried out first.
Strekningsevnen, henholdsvis rive-fastigheten er til tross for den ovenfor be-skrevne behandling i alminnelighet ikke nedsatt, i noen tilfelle endog forbedret. Dessuten mister skumstoffene ved behandlingen ifølge oppfinnelsen den ubehagelige lukt som ellers følger disse. Despite the treatment described above, the tensile strength, respectively the tear property, is generally not reduced, in some cases even improved. In addition, the foam substances lose the unpleasant smell that otherwise accompanies them during the treatment according to the invention.
Følgende eksempler forklarer oppfinnelsen uten å begrense den til utførelses-former som inneholdes i eksemplene. The following examples explain the invention without limiting it to the embodiments contained in the examples.
Eksempel I. - Example I. -
Et polyuretanskumstoff som er fremstilt på i og for seg kjent måte etter di-isocyanat-polyaddisjonsfremgangsmåten behandles med 10 pst.'s natronlut ved en temperatur på 70 til 80" i 5 til 10 minutter. Produktet blir deretter omhyggelig vasket, hvorved det innsj altes en kort behandling med eddiksyre for neutralisasjon. Det er-holdte skumstoff har en meget god sugeevne og lar seg anvende for husholdnings-artikler, vaskesvamper, industrisvamper, f. eks. i den keramiske industri o. s. v. A polyurethane foam produced in a manner known per se by the diisocyanate polyaddition process is treated with 10% caustic soda at a temperature of 70 to 80" for 5 to 10 minutes. The product is then carefully washed, whereby it is sealed a short treatment with acetic acid for neutralisation. The resulting foam has a very good absorbency and can be used for household items, washing sponges, industrial sponges, e.g. in the ceramic industry, etc.
En lignende virkning kan oppnås når man utfører behandlingen med den 10 pst.-ige natronlut ved romtemperatur så lenge inntil også her vektstapet utgjør ca. 50 pst. A similar effect can be achieved when the treatment is carried out with the 10 per cent caustic soda at room temperature until here, too, the weight loss amounts to approx. 50 percent
Istedetfor natronlut kan det med prak-tisk talt like godt resultat anvendes kalilut. Instead of caustic soda, caustic soda can be used with practically the same results.
Eksempel 2: Utgangsmaterialet behandles med 20 pst.'s bariumhydroksyd ved 80° C ved 5—15 minutter. Vektstapet utgjør ca. 10—30 pst. Sugeevnen er også allerede ved dette lille vektstap forbedret på en utpreget måte. Materialet er med hensyn til mykhet ennu likt utgangsmaterialet. Example 2: The starting material is treated with 20% barium hydroxide at 80° C for 5-15 minutes. The weight loss amounts to approx. 10-30 per cent. Even with this small weight loss, the absorbency is significantly improved. The material is still similar to the starting material in terms of softness.
Eksempel 3: Behandlingen utføres med sodaoppløs-ning 30 pst. ved temperatur på 80—90° C og i et tidsrom på 20—65 minutter. Vektstapet utgjør 10—30 pst. Hvis man anvender natriumbisulfit 20 pst.'s er det nødvendig med en temperatur på 90° C og en behand-lingstid på flere timer for å oppnå et vektstap på 10 pst. Selvfølgelig kan man også uten å forlate rammen for oppfinnelsen, anvende et hvilket som helst annet tilstrekkelig godtvirkende forsåpningsmiddel. Example 3: The treatment is carried out with soda solution 30 per cent at a temperature of 80-90° C and for a period of 20-65 minutes. The weight loss amounts to 10-30 per cent. If sodium bisulphite 20 per cent is used, a temperature of 90° C and a treatment time of several hours are necessary to achieve a weight loss of 10 per cent. Of course, you can also do without leaving within the scope of the invention, use any other sufficiently effective saponifying agent.
Eksempel 4: Man anvender svovelsyre med en konsentrasjon på 10—20 pst. og innstiller reaksjonstemperaturen og reaksjonstiden således at det inntrer den ønskede forandring av egenskapene. Lignende gjelder for salt-syre eller andre anorganiske eller organiske syrer. Selv svake syrer, slik som bor-syre fører til den ønskede virkning. Example 4: Sulfuric acid is used with a concentration of 10-20 per cent and the reaction temperature and reaction time are set so that the desired change in properties occurs. Similar applies to hydrochloric acid or other inorganic or organic acids. Even weak acids, such as boric acid lead to the desired effect.
Eksempel 5: Ved å bade skumstoffet i foredlings-bad ble det fastslått at virkningen ifølge foreliggende fremgangsmåte inntrer vesentlig bedre når skumstoffet i badet valkes, vris eller gjentatt sammentrykkes. Man kan også oppnå det samme forløp når man i badet monterer en vrimaskin og lar skumstoffet gå gjennom vrimaskinen. Ved større anlegg kan man montere flere vri-valser etter hverandre for å la større deler, slik som tykke plater eller blokker, løpe mellom valsene. Example 5: By bathing the foam material in a processing bath, it was established that the effect according to the present method occurs significantly better when the foam material in the bath is rolled, twisted or repeatedly compressed. Mon can also achieve the same process when you install a twisting machine in the bathroom and let the foam material pass through the twisting machine. For larger installations, several turning rollers can be fitted one after the other to allow larger parts, such as thick plates or blocks, to run between the rollers.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DEB0087571 | 1966-06-15 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO124003B true NO124003B (en) | 1972-02-14 |
Family
ID=6983857
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO16854867A NO124003B (en) | 1966-06-15 | 1967-06-10 |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AT (1) | AT283689B (en) |
BE (1) | BE699653A (en) |
CH (1) | CH456104A (en) |
DE (1) | DE1609593B1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK116538B (en) |
ES (1) | ES341760A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1185505A (en) |
LU (1) | LU53833A1 (en) |
NL (1) | NL6708192A (en) |
NO (1) | NO124003B (en) |
SE (1) | SE329486B (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NO781689L (en) * | 1977-05-17 | 1978-11-20 | Magyar Szenbanyaszati Troeszt | WELDED GRID, ESPECIALLY FOR SECURING UNDERGROUND CAUTIONS OR SYSTEMS AND PROCEDURES FOR MANUFACTURE OF THE GRID |
US4184520A (en) * | 1977-12-07 | 1980-01-22 | Tolliver Wilbur E | Manually formable stirrup mat reinforcement and pipe reinforcing method based thereon |
GR1001536B (en) * | 1992-05-06 | 1994-03-31 | Ioannis Kollios | Ferro concrete welded armament of plates and projections (balconies). |
DE4416896C1 (en) * | 1994-05-13 | 1995-04-27 | Bloom Eng Europa Gmbh | Insulating bodies |
DE19535473C2 (en) * | 1995-09-23 | 1998-10-15 | Jouri Dr Ing Selski | Floor ceiling with shell network structure |
GB201002324D0 (en) * | 2010-02-11 | 2010-03-31 | Richardson Charles P | Improvements relating to structural reinforcement device and method of forming the same |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1581505A (en) * | 1924-05-29 | 1926-04-20 | Edward L Benedict | Reenforcing fabric for cementitious slabs |
DE1509046A1 (en) * | 1963-03-15 | 1969-03-13 | Baustahlgewebe Gmbh | Welded wire mesh |
-
1966
- 1966-06-15 DE DE19661609593 patent/DE1609593B1/en active Pending
-
1967
- 1967-06-01 CH CH785767A patent/CH456104A/en unknown
- 1967-06-05 AT AT521267A patent/AT283689B/en active
- 1967-06-07 LU LU53833D patent/LU53833A1/xx unknown
- 1967-06-08 BE BE699653D patent/BE699653A/xx unknown
- 1967-06-10 NO NO16854867A patent/NO124003B/no unknown
- 1967-06-12 DK DK304967A patent/DK116538B/en unknown
- 1967-06-13 NL NL6708192A patent/NL6708192A/xx unknown
- 1967-06-14 GB GB2735667A patent/GB1185505A/en not_active Expired
- 1967-06-14 ES ES341760A patent/ES341760A1/en not_active Expired
- 1967-06-15 SE SE847767A patent/SE329486B/xx unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DK116538B (en) | 1970-01-19 |
ES341760A1 (en) | 1968-10-16 |
NL6708192A (en) | 1967-12-18 |
BE699653A (en) | 1967-11-16 |
AT283689B (en) | 1970-08-10 |
CH456104A (en) | 1968-05-15 |
LU53833A1 (en) | 1967-08-07 |
SE329486B (en) | 1970-10-12 |
DE1609593B1 (en) | 1970-02-26 |
GB1185505A (en) | 1970-03-25 |
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