NO117661B - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- NO117661B NO117661B NO155640A NO15564064A NO117661B NO 117661 B NO117661 B NO 117661B NO 155640 A NO155640 A NO 155640A NO 15564064 A NO15564064 A NO 15564064A NO 117661 B NO117661 B NO 117661B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- cathode
- mixture
- carbon
- cell
- molten
- Prior art date
Links
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 65
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 49
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 48
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 35
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011233 carbonaceous binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicide(4-) Chemical compound [Si-4] FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 22
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 15
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001610 cryolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- CAVCGVPGBKGDTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynemethyl(alumanylidynemethylalumanylidenemethylidene)alumane Chemical compound [Al]#C[Al]=C=[Al]C#[Al] CAVCGVPGBKGDTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005288 electromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 2
- NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[K+] NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N B#[Ti]#B Chemical compound B#[Ti]#B QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910033181 TiB2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-ylmethanolate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003830 anthracite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011329 calcined coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002008 calcined petroleum coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012612 commercial material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002550 fecal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010436 fluorite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003837 high-temperature calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001151 other effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006069 physical mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000003270 potassium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011698 potassium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000135 prohibitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
- Prevention Of Electric Corrosion (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO176969A NO119228B (pt) | 1963-11-21 | 1969-04-28 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US325228A US3400061A (en) | 1963-11-21 | 1963-11-21 | Electrolytic cell for production of aluminum and method of making the same |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO117661B true NO117661B (pt) | 1969-09-08 |
Family
ID=23266974
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO155640A NO117661B (pt) | 1963-11-21 | 1964-11-19 |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3400061A (pt) |
| AT (1) | AT259886B (pt) |
| CH (1) | CH444498A (pt) |
| DE (1) | DE1251962B (pt) |
| ES (1) | ES306248A1 (pt) |
| GB (1) | GB1093185A (pt) |
| NO (1) | NO117661B (pt) |
Families Citing this family (68)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL129768C (pt) * | 1965-01-06 | |||
| US3471380A (en) * | 1966-10-25 | 1969-10-07 | Reynolds Metals Co | Method of treating cathode surfaces in alumina reduction cells |
| US3661736A (en) * | 1969-05-07 | 1972-05-09 | Olin Mathieson | Refractory hard metal composite cathode aluminum reduction cell |
| US4046650A (en) * | 1970-03-16 | 1977-09-06 | Sumitomo Aluminum Smelting Co., Ltd. | Carbon block for cathodes of aluminum |
| CH576005A5 (pt) * | 1972-03-21 | 1976-05-31 | Alusuisse | |
| US3909375A (en) * | 1972-04-17 | 1975-09-30 | Conzinc Riotinto Ltd | Electrolytic process for the production of metals in molten halide systems |
| US4071420A (en) * | 1975-12-31 | 1978-01-31 | Aluminum Company Of America | Electrolytic production of metal |
| US4219391A (en) * | 1976-08-25 | 1980-08-26 | Aluminum Company Of America | Electrolytic production of metal |
| US4297180A (en) * | 1976-08-25 | 1981-10-27 | Aluminum Company Of America | Electrolytic production of metal |
| US4093524A (en) * | 1976-12-10 | 1978-06-06 | Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corporation | Bonding of refractory hard metal |
| US4338177A (en) * | 1978-09-22 | 1982-07-06 | Metallurgical, Inc. | Electrolytic cell for the production of aluminum |
| US4181583A (en) * | 1978-12-06 | 1980-01-01 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Method for heating electrolytic cell |
| US4353885A (en) * | 1979-02-12 | 1982-10-12 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Titanium diboride article and method for preparing same |
| NO800093L (no) * | 1979-02-26 | 1980-08-27 | Aluminum Co Of America | Fremgangsmaate til fremstilling av aluminium ved elektrolyse av aluminiumhalogenid |
| US4333813A (en) * | 1980-03-03 | 1982-06-08 | Reynolds Metals Company | Cathodes for alumina reduction cells |
| CH644406A5 (de) * | 1980-04-03 | 1984-07-31 | Alusuisse | Schmelzflusselektrolysezelle zur herstellung von aluminium. |
| US4349427A (en) * | 1980-06-23 | 1982-09-14 | Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corporation | Aluminum reduction cell electrode |
| US4396482A (en) * | 1980-07-21 | 1983-08-02 | Aluminum Company Of America | Composite cathode |
| US4308113A (en) * | 1980-07-21 | 1981-12-29 | Aluminum Company Of America | Process for producing aluminum using graphite electrodes having reduced wear rates |
| US4308114A (en) * | 1980-07-21 | 1981-12-29 | Aluminum Company Of America | Electrolytic production of aluminum using a composite cathode |
| US4308115A (en) * | 1980-08-15 | 1981-12-29 | Aluminum Company Of America | Method of producing aluminum using graphite cathode coated with refractory hard metal |
| US4376029A (en) * | 1980-09-11 | 1983-03-08 | Great Lakes Carbon Corporation | Titanium diboride-graphite composits |
| US4439382A (en) * | 1981-07-27 | 1984-03-27 | Great Lakes Carbon Corporation | Titanium diboride-graphite composites |
| US4377463A (en) * | 1981-07-27 | 1983-03-22 | Great Lakes Carbon Corporation | Controlled atmosphere processing of TiB2 /carbon composites |
| US4465581A (en) * | 1981-07-27 | 1984-08-14 | Great Lakes Carbon Corporation | Composite of TiB2 -graphite |
| JPS58501172A (ja) * | 1981-07-27 | 1983-07-21 | グレ−ト レ−クス カ−ボン コ−ポレ−シヨン | 焼結耐火硬質金属 |
| JPS58501173A (ja) * | 1981-07-27 | 1983-07-21 | グレ−ト レ−クス カ−ボン コ−ポレ−シヨン | ＴｉＢ↓２−グラフアイト複合体 |
| DE3373115D1 (en) * | 1982-05-28 | 1987-09-24 | Alcan Int Ltd | Improvements in electrolytic reduction cells for aluminium production |
| DE3375030D1 (en) * | 1982-07-22 | 1988-02-04 | Commw Aluminium Corp | Improved cell for electrolytic production of aluminum |
| US4544469A (en) * | 1982-07-22 | 1985-10-01 | Commonwealth Aluminum Corporation | Aluminum cell having aluminum wettable cathode surface |
| CA1256232A (en) * | 1982-07-22 | 1989-06-20 | Larry G. Boxall | Cell for the electrolytic production of aluminum |
| US4466996A (en) * | 1982-07-22 | 1984-08-21 | Martin Marietta Corporation | Aluminum cell cathode coating method |
| US4526911A (en) * | 1982-07-22 | 1985-07-02 | Martin Marietta Aluminum Inc. | Aluminum cell cathode coating composition |
| US4624766A (en) * | 1982-07-22 | 1986-11-25 | Commonwealth Aluminum Corporation | Aluminum wettable cathode material for use in aluminum reduction cell |
| US4466995A (en) * | 1982-07-22 | 1984-08-21 | Martin Marietta Corporation | Control of ledge formation in aluminum cell operation |
| AU1880683A (en) * | 1982-07-22 | 1984-02-23 | Martin Marietta Corp. | Aluminum cathode coating cure cycle |
| US4481052A (en) * | 1983-01-28 | 1984-11-06 | Martin Marietta Corporation | Method of making refractory hard metal containing tiles for aluminum cell cathodes |
| US4602990A (en) * | 1983-02-17 | 1986-07-29 | Commonwealth Aluminum Corporation | Low energy aluminum reduction cell with induced bath flow |
| US4582553A (en) * | 1984-02-03 | 1986-04-15 | Commonwealth Aluminum Corporation | Process for manufacture of refractory hard metal containing plates for aluminum cell cathodes |
| FR2565258B1 (fr) * | 1984-05-29 | 1986-08-29 | Pechiney Aluminium | Anode carbonee a rondins partiellement retrecis destinee aux cuves pour la production d'aluminium par electrolyse |
| US4617053A (en) * | 1985-09-20 | 1986-10-14 | Great Lakes Carbon Corporation | Metal reinforced porous refractory hard metal bodies |
| US5028301A (en) * | 1989-01-09 | 1991-07-02 | Townsend Douglas W | Supersaturation plating of aluminum wettable cathode coatings during aluminum smelting in drained cathode cells |
| US5227045A (en) * | 1989-01-09 | 1993-07-13 | Townsend Douglas W | Supersaturation coating of cathode substrate |
| US5651874A (en) * | 1993-05-28 | 1997-07-29 | Moltech Invent S.A. | Method for production of aluminum utilizing protected carbon-containing components |
| US5310476A (en) * | 1992-04-01 | 1994-05-10 | Moltech Invent S.A. | Application of refractory protective coatings, particularly on the surface of electrolytic cell components |
| US6001236A (en) * | 1992-04-01 | 1999-12-14 | Moltech Invent S.A. | Application of refractory borides to protect carbon-containing components of aluminium production cells |
| US5534130A (en) * | 1994-06-07 | 1996-07-09 | Moltech Invent S.A. | Application of phosphates of aluminum to carbonaceous components of aluminum production cells |
| EP0905284B1 (en) * | 1994-09-08 | 2002-04-03 | MOLTECH Invent S.A. | Aluminium electrowinning cell with drained cathode |
| US5728466A (en) * | 1995-08-07 | 1998-03-17 | Moltech Invent S.A. | Hard and abrasion resistant surfaces protecting cathode blocks of aluminium electrowinning cells |
| US5618403A (en) * | 1995-08-07 | 1997-04-08 | Moltech Invent S.A. | Maintaining protective surfaces on carbon cathodes in aluminium electrowinning cells |
| US5753163A (en) * | 1995-08-28 | 1998-05-19 | Moltech. Invent S.A. | Production of bodies of refractory borides |
| DE19714432C2 (de) * | 1997-04-08 | 2000-07-13 | Aventis Res & Tech Gmbh & Co | Trägerkörper mit einer Schutzbeschichtung und Verwendung des beschichteten Trägerkörpers |
| DE69837966T2 (de) * | 1997-07-08 | 2008-02-28 | Moltech Invent S.A. | Zelle für aluminium-herstellung mit drainierfähiger kathode |
| US5961811A (en) * | 1997-10-02 | 1999-10-05 | Emec Consultants | Potlining to enhance cell performance in aluminum production |
| ES2262309T3 (es) * | 1998-02-11 | 2006-11-16 | Moltech Invent S.A. | Distribucion de electrolito rico en alumina en celulas de fabricacion electrolitica de aluminio. |
| US6258246B1 (en) * | 1998-05-19 | 2001-07-10 | Moltech Invent S.A. | Aluminium electrowinning cell with sidewalls resistant to molten electrolyte |
| EP1141446B1 (en) | 1998-11-17 | 2003-06-04 | Alcan International Limited | Wettable and erosion/oxidation-resistant carbon-composite materials |
| EP1185724B1 (en) * | 1999-04-16 | 2003-07-02 | MOLTECH Invent S.A. | Aluminium electrowinning cells having a v-shaped cathode bottom |
| US6511590B1 (en) | 2000-10-10 | 2003-01-28 | Alcoa Inc. | Alumina distribution in electrolysis cells including inert anodes using bubble-driven bath circulation |
| US6616829B2 (en) | 2001-04-13 | 2003-09-09 | Emec Consultants | Carbonaceous cathode with enhanced wettability for aluminum production |
| EP1392891B1 (en) * | 2001-05-30 | 2004-10-06 | MOLTECH Invent S.A. | Aluminium electrowinning cells having a drained cathode bottom and an aluminium collection reservoir |
| US6863788B2 (en) * | 2002-07-29 | 2005-03-08 | Alcoa Inc. | Interlocking wettable ceramic tiles |
| US20040163967A1 (en) * | 2003-02-20 | 2004-08-26 | Lacamera Alfred F. | Inert anode designs for reduced operating voltage of aluminum production cells |
| US8142749B2 (en) * | 2008-11-17 | 2012-03-27 | Kennametal Inc. | Readily-densified titanium diboride and process for making same |
| WO2011017166A1 (en) | 2009-07-28 | 2011-02-10 | Alcoa Inc. | Composition for making wettable cathode in aluminum smelting |
| JP5554117B2 (ja) * | 2010-03-30 | 2014-07-23 | 日本電極株式会社 | アルミニウム精錬用カソードカーボンブロック及びその製造方法 |
| RU2614357C2 (ru) * | 2015-07-24 | 2017-03-24 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Объединенная Компания РУСАЛ Инженерно-технологический центр" | Способ футеровки катодного устройства электролизера для получения первичного алюминия (варианты) |
| JP7303038B2 (ja) * | 2019-06-21 | 2023-07-04 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 電解製錬炉 |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2480474A (en) * | 1945-12-14 | 1949-08-30 | Reynolds Metals Co | Method of producing aluminum |
| US2636856A (en) * | 1948-06-29 | 1953-04-28 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | Electrode for electrochemical oxidation |
| US3202600A (en) * | 1951-05-04 | 1965-08-24 | British Aluminium Co Ltd | Current conducting element for aluminum reduction cells |
| US3011982A (en) * | 1959-02-04 | 1961-12-05 | Aluminum Co Of America | Refractory and method of making the same |
-
0
- DE DENDAT1251962D patent/DE1251962B/de active Pending
-
1963
- 1963-11-21 US US325228A patent/US3400061A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1964
- 1964-11-18 GB GB46969/64A patent/GB1093185A/en not_active Expired
- 1964-11-19 NO NO155640A patent/NO117661B/no unknown
- 1964-11-20 ES ES0306248A patent/ES306248A1/es not_active Expired
- 1964-11-20 CH CH1497264A patent/CH444498A/fr unknown
- 1964-11-20 AT AT980864A patent/AT259886B/de active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE1251962B (de) | 1967-10-12 |
| ES306248A1 (es) | 1965-07-01 |
| US3400061A (en) | 1968-09-03 |
| GB1093185A (en) | 1967-11-29 |
| CH444498A (fr) | 1967-09-30 |
| AT259886B (de) | 1968-02-12 |
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