NL8402763A - Installation for at least animal and vegetable biomass prodn. - and possibly microbiological in enclosed balanced system with mutual utilisation of matter, nutrients, water, waste, gases, and energy - Google Patents

Abstract

The installation comprises a partly or totally enclosed space in which animal biomass is produced in combination with vegetable biomass and possibly with micro-organic biomass (possibly maggot or worm culture). The respective circuits, i.e. or matter of nutrients, water and moisture, animal waste, other waste, gases produced and required, and energy are arranged such that, through re-cycling and re-utilisation as between different biological processes an optimum balance is achieved within the entire system.

Description

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The Great Wine Roemer Foundation

Device for producing animal and / or vegetable biomass in a fully or partially enclosed space in several ecologically combined cycles (recycling).

The invention relates to an installation and / or systems for producing animal biomass in combination with vegetable biomass, optionally combined with microorganisms, in a complete or partial cycle / recycling / system and this in a complete or partly closed-off manner. space or several of these spaces which are then connected in the £ 0 cycle.

Commonly known are establishments in which animal or vegetable biomass is produced as a stand-alone business activity in fully or partially enclosed spaces such as stables, sheds, cells and / or greenhouses, but this does not involve one or more ecological cycles within these spaces', as well as no combination of the production of animal and vegetable biomass. However, efforts are being made to utilize waste and residual products elsewhere, which generally results in environmental pollution. Examples of such environmental taxes are air pollution and "acid rain" by Ni and NH as a result of the ammonia emissions from the over-fertilization on the land and SOg, Ν0χ * or N0o from heating fuels etc.

-contamination or acidification of the soil and surface water by S0 ^ ", P0 ^", S0 ", NOg, NIL · and Νθ" and microbiological processes 25 or nitrification / denitrification of residual and waste products from agriculture and horticulture .

-load of soil and surface water by heavy metals and chemicals from pesticides and food and fertilizers in agriculture and horticulture.

50 Further disadvantages of the aforementioned monocultures in the production of biomass are: - that there can be no question of an ecological cycle process in production, because the production test is not deliberately geared to this, - that low substance yields are achieved in the material cycle, especially especially for the S, N, and C cycles.

-that low energy yields are also achieved due to energy destruction in the process control of monocultures.

- because there is no consciously operated ecosystem processes, there is no ecosystem process control or ecosystem process control with feedback and adjustment options, which leads to an imbalance of the environment (see examples above).

-the productivity and yield per invested capital as well as per invested labor is not optimal for the above reasons and often is minimal * or non-cost-effective.

45 Examples of such monocultures are i -Breeding and measuring farms for pigs, chickens, rabbits, Nutria, etc., etc. -Cattle farms for dairy cattle, calves for fattening, bulls for fattening, etc.

—Champion and mushroom cultivation · -Agriculture, horticulture and fish farming.

50 It is true that there are countless companies where several activities are combined, but not in a conscious commercial cycle production with coordination and control of the various cycles, and certainly not in a completely or partially closed space.

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A system by Schulte & Lestraden in Roermond (OA 82 02342) is already known, in which the recycling concept is pursued in a closed space with regard to the energy cycle.

The principle of this is that in so-called culture cells, plant cultivation takes place with the aid of artificial light, i.e., z. with the exclusion of sun and daylight and that the thermal energy generated by the lamps is used in a cycle for heating plant greenhouses and / or cut.

Disadvantages of the said system, as a result of which it is not a responsible economic alternative (see Imag note 99 of 21-ll-'83 of the IMAG in Wageningen), are: that the residual heat generated by the artificial lighting can hardly be made profitable in combination of plant cultivation in greenhouse horticulture.

15 - that the energy consumption in relation to the crop yields is considerably higher per greenhouse area than in the conventional manner.

-that the investment costs in sustainable means of production will be multiple compared to conventional greenhouse horticulture.

-that a multitude of cultivation surface in greenhouses is required for combina-20: tie with culture cells in order to be able to use the residual heat generated by the use of artificial lighting, so that optimum use in a combination horticulture creates objections.

-that the basic heat capacity, as residual heat leaving the cells, is continuously supplied to the glass company and independent of the outside climate conditions, so it is not adjustable according to demand, which causes loss of coordination due to the lack of a possibility of a large heat buffering.

The above-mentioned system is also not in conflict with this patent application because there is no question of a combination of production of plant-friendly biomass with animal biomass in one or more interconnected spaces and, moreover, there is only 1 recycle system, in particular that for the energy.

Also known is a fish-plant combination as described in a patent application of W. Polman of 1981, with the aim of achieving a partial cycle in a closed device by using the fish water for plant, vegetable or fruit cultivation. The fish water is used for this in a cycle to provide the plants with water and fish fertilizer.

Disadvantages of the fish-plant combination of W. Polman are: 40 - the production of manure by the fish is so great in any commercial form of fish farming that only a very small part of the water content can be used. dissolved fish fertilizer on a large greenhouse surface for plant cultivation on soil or hydroponics. Therefore, there can be no commercial economic production of either fish or plants. Because the plants absorb only a small part of the dissolved fertilizers from the fish water, the largest will necessarily Some of these substances must be removed from the fish water and transported elsewhere to prevent unacceptable concentrations in the water recirculating to the fish basin. Thus, in practice, there is only a partial cycle.

-the patent application is limited only to a limited closed-cycle concept with regard to the recycling of fish water for the plants in order to fertilize (material cycle) and to provide the necessary 55 water / moisture (water / moisture cycle) in view of the practical and economic unfeasibility in combination with plants.

Because of the enormous greenhouse surface area required to be able to reuse any amount of fishmeet in the cycle, large energy losses are caused by pumping around and cooling of the water.

Therefore, the system as described in the W. Polman patent application is not economically feasible or interesting enough to be an alternative to the conventional mode.

In order to avoid conflict with his pater application, the combination, as proposed by W. Polman, is excluded in claim 2 of this patent application.

The object or object of the invention is to provide an apparatus for simultaneously producing animal or vegetable biomass in one or more interconnected spaces in one or more cycles which may be wholly or partly closed, in one or more interconnected spaces, so as to achieve higher, to achieve better and optimal productions, while at the same time saving costs and preventing environmental pollution, and this by making maximum use of the natural substances and energy sources present. .

These recycling systems relate to: (see fig. 1, appendix 1) 1. the material cycle *, ie the production, supply, use, processing and reuse of food and fertilizers in a chain of C-, N-, S -, P-, 0- and H-cycii.

2. the water / moisture cycle, in other words the supply, use, cleaning and reuse of the necessary amount of moisture and water.

5. the gas cycle, ie the supply, use, production and re-use of the necessary amount of gaseous substances, of which oxygen (02) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are the most important gases.

4. the energy cycle, ie the supply, use, generation, production and reuse of the necessary energy.

This objective is achieved by choosing such a combination in type and quantity of the different biomasses for the productions that the total input and available quantities of substances, moisture / water, gases and energy in the cycle can be optimally utilized for a maximum production of animal and vegetable biomass, whereby fungi and / or micro-organisms may also be used in combination with the above-mentioned biomass.

To clarify the above, the separate recycled systems will be briefly explained to also demonstrate that production in integrated recycled systems or ecosystem production offers advantages over the usual and mentioned systems in the form of and 40 savings on sustainable production resources and costs, and higher and better productions, and relief from the environment, Attn the material cycle:

It is known that the food (substances), which animal biomass required for growth and maintenance, is directly related to the (body) 45 weight. In general, the composition and quantity of the food and the excreted ( fertilizer) and its relationship to growth or weight gain.

An attempt will therefore be made to achieve maximum balanced growth in the production of biomass at minimal cost and to limit the loss of 50 valuable substances / energy or to increase the yields. This is done conventionally by, among other things, adding vegetable or other waste to animal biomass and / or having it fermented in order to spread it as fertilizer over the land, just like other manure.As already mentioned, this produces monocultures that are intensively operated 55. major environmental problems that have manifested themselves especially in recent years.

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Alternatives are to use the excreted fertilizers in a circular system productively for other animal and / or vegetable biomass, fungi or micro-organisms in such a way that the residue 5 no longer poses any disadvantages for the environment and as such is still useful. can be used as manure or a structure improver on land, or as a raw material for biogas plants for which it has been ideally suited by biodegradation of the ammonium (NH ^), so that the danger of ammonium poisoning of the 10 methane bacteria in the biogas plant is greatly reduced and the COg from the fish manure can be used for other purposes.

B. direct import into a biogas plant, which however is not the most geologically optimal solution due to the lack of a possibility to remove harmful substances such as heavy metals from the manure so that they are released back into the environment, also the year of ammonium poisoning of the methane bacteria due to the high NH 2 / NH 2 concentrations present, as well as the fact that the CO 2 in the manure ultimately increases the percentage of CO 2 in the biogas.

20 Since the method of Polman (fish-plant combination patent application 198l) for the cycle with plants is practically not feasible due to the excessive amount of manure that becomes available, which will probably be the case for any combination of animal and vegetable biomass production, it is desirable or necessary to create a further fertilizer (N) uptake in the material cycle in parallel or in series. For the case of fish production in recirculation, the majority of the fish water with the fish fertilizer will have to pass through a filter or plate separator or settling installation. in which the fish manure is separated which can then be removed to a worm culture or oyster mushroom cultivation or introduced into an acidification room where it is acidified, whether or not in combination with other organic waste. The excess of C (L which can then be released provided that the process is properly regulated and that not too many other harmful gases are released for the cultivation of vegetable biomas-35 sa (gas cycle) · The substance residue from the acidification room can be used in the production of compost, sent to the biogas fermentation room, dried or burned, depending on the composition of the the supplied manure and its residue after acidification because, for example, the methane gas-forming bacterium + sheer + ge ^ + 40 are sensitive to small concentrations of heavy metals (C2 +, N., Zq, P ^ etc.), synthetic detergents from e.g. household 1 n waste, and sulphides which also have an aggressive oxidizing effect as H 2 S in the biogas.

Attn. the water or moisture cycle: 45 Water and moisture is essential in every ecological cycle and is a life-determining factor for plants and animals. On the one hand, water must be supplied, on the other hand, the humidity must be regulated to allow evaporation of water and moisture in the plate and enable the animal or prevent dehydration.

50 In conventional practice, this will mean that expensive provisions must be made to ensure the supply, storage and possible reuse of pure water and moisture.

In an eco-cycle production system, this will also be necessary, but the costs thereof per unit of product will be lower, because the required water or moisture is already productively present in large quantities and can be used for other recycled products without any problem. This also gives a high degree of flexibility (conversion of soil culture to hydroponics) and -4- _____ 8402763 * ^ V% _-5 -__ without additional investments.

Attn. the gas cycle:

As is known, animal biomass absorbs oxygen (0o) from the surrounding air or from the water or both (claria) and gives off 5 carbon dioxide (C0o) for this.

As is also known, the reverse takes place by means of photosynthesis in vegetable biomass, i.e., on balance, oxygen (Og) is released and carbon dioxide (CO ^) is absorbed *

Intermediate forms and microbiological gas productions are also known and in the totality: of ecological life essential for life on our earth so that the 09-C09 cycle is maintained.

Specifically, for biomass production, these are in direct relationship and dependence with the absorbed / transferred OgCq and are thus a production-determining factor. It is known in particular that investments are made in greenhouse horticulture in facilities and costs to increase the production of vegetable biomass, introducing CO into the greenhouses.

By now coordinating a combination of different biomasses in such a closed ecological cycle production in a closed space that the OQ-C09 uptake / release is fully or largely attuned to each other, maximum production is achieved at minimal cost.

Attn. the energy cycle:

As is well known, temperature control is also essential for animals, plants and microbiological processes to ensure survival and growth, with different temperature levels that can be translated into heat or energy content in relation to the biomass.

The heat / energy content of the surrounding medium, such as 50 air and water in the cycle, is thus also a factor in production and in relation to the nutrient uptake, which must therefore be optimally controlled in order to obtain an optimal or maximum yield of biomass. This can therefore be done most economically in a closed eco-cycle production system.

55 Due to technical limitations, however, energy losses will always occur, such as, inter alia, insulation losses, radiation losses, energy conversion losses, etc., as also for conventional production.

However, in the total energy flow with closed cycle production there will be an optimization of the energy consumption, or less energy consumption will take place, which in turn results in lower costs per unit of product.

In a closed system with coordination of the biomass, of the gas cycle and water / moisture cycle or material cycle, it is not necessary to supply, if at all, hardly any ventilation (to the outside air) or fresh air 45, so that no energy is lost.

Conventional production, on the other hand, is characterized by high energy consumption. In particular, it is generally known that greenhouse horticulture is barely profitable due to the high energy consumption per unit of product. This is not surprising considering that it is necessary to ventilate 50 to avoid that the temperature rises too high that the O 2 content becomes too high or the C0 2 content of the air becomes too low, or the relative humidity of the air must be regulated.

In the concept of an eco-cycle system production, the surplus of 55 solar energy can be collected on the production areas (buildings and greenhouses) and buffered in the widely available production water (in the fish, nutria and other associated water basins) to provide a - 5 -____; _ 8402763 • 3 ^ \; _- 6 -_, _ to achieve an "increase in temperature of the water and thereby save energy and whether to give this heat back to the plants or elsewhere. In fact, then the surplus energy on the greenhouses, whether or not in combination with a light level control, is collected 5 so that the temperature does not rise too high in the greenhouses and does not need to be ventilated. An internal ventilation system in the closed rooms ensures the moisture, heat and gas distribution and control by technical facilities in combination with biomass tuning.

Residual or waste materials from the production of biomass can be converted into energy by fully utilizing them. a biogas plant whose effluent can be used again as fertilizer for the vegetable biomass, etc., etc.

Although the described eco-cycle system can also be used with the use of closed culture cells which are closed to daylight and are grown with artificial light, because the advantages mentioned also manifest themselves in a decrease in costs per unit of product, this will result in the use of greenhouses and sunlight for the production of plant biomass in combination does not provide any advantage in terms of the energy cycle.

The schematic described in this patent application can be summarized schematically in appended figure no. 1 to appendix 1.

Explanation of the numbers mentioned: 1. ANIMAL BIOMASS being heterotrophs 2. Herbivores (consumers) 25 3 · Carnivores (,,) 4. VEGETABLE BIOMASS being autotrophs 5. Saprovores, saprophytes, reducers, antimungs, worm culture, maggot culture, fungus culture, fungal culture.

6.Water basin 30 7 + 8 + 9 + 10 + 11 Water 12 + 14 + 16 Food 13 Food salts 15 Organic and other waste 17 + 22 Waste 35 18 Acidification room, decay bacteria 19 Biogas plant, methane-forming bacteria 20 Gas generator, cogeneration 21 + 23 Manure 24 Compost 40 25 Insulation 26 Solar collectors, conventional ie non-translucent.

27 Light level regulating and insulating solar collectors acc. another patent application 28 Heat exchangers in the energy cycle system 45 29 Air duct for the gas cycle system 30 Art lighting

Although all parts of the system are technically and biologically known matters, the application in the said combinations, with the objective of commercial production, is new.

8402763

Claims (4)

1. Device for producing animal and / or vegetable biomass and / or micro-organisms in several combined ecological cycles, characterized in that animal biomass in a fully or partially enclosed space is combined with vegetable biomass and / or in is produced in combination with micro-organisms and that as much as possible the aim is to reuse the various substances and energy in so-called complete or partial cycles, whereby a distinction is made in a cycle of the nutrients supplied and present, or fertilizers and / or waste materials, a cycle of the present or necessarily supplied water and moisture, a cycle of the present or necessarily supplied gases and an energy cycle of the present or supplied or extracted energy, (see fig. 1) 2. Device according to claim 1., characterized in that only 3 of the said cycles are used. 3 * Device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the production of animal biomass, including fish, in combination with the production of vegetable biomass and / or micro-organisms, involves the circulation of the necessary supplied and food, fertilizer and / or waste materials present and a cycle of the water supplied and water or moisture present. 4. Device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that use is made of only 2 of said cycles, not including a combined production of fish and plants with cycles with regard to the necessary feed and fertilizer supplied and available. and / or waste materials and a cycle of the necessarily supplied and present water 30 or moisture. -7- V. __-_; ___ = 8402763