NL8203033A - PROCESS FOR IMPROVING THE FUEL ECONOMY OF COMBUSTION ENGINES USING BORATE-TREATED 1,2-ALKANE DIOLS. - Google Patents

Description

M.O. 51244 -1- **%

A method for improving the fuel economy of combustion engines using borate-treated 1,2-alkane diols.

The present invention relates to lubricating oil compositions and their use in reducing fuel consumption in internal combustion engines. More particularly, the invention relates to crankcase lubricating oil compositions containing long chain borate treated 1,2-alkane-coli as friction reducing agents.

With the crisis associated with diminishing amounts of fossil fuel and rapidly rising prices for this fuel, there is a great deal of interest in reducing the amount of fuel consumed by car engines and the like.

There is a great need to find lubricants which reduce the overall friction in the engine and thus reduce its energy needs.

US Patent 4 * 201,684 discloses lubricating oils containing sulfuric fatty amides, esters or ester amides of alkoxylated amines, which reduce friction between sliding metal surfaces in internal combustion engines.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,167,486 discloses lubricating oils containing certain acidic double bond esters or the dimer or trimer of such acid esters. Reductions in fuel consumption in an internal combustion engine are claimed by using the lubricating oils in the engine crankcase.

U.S. Pat. No. 3,515,077 discloses the use of borate-treated, monoacylated trimethylolalkanes as motor fuel and lubricating oil additives. The additives are said to reduce the occurrence of surface ignition in a combustion engine and inhibit the build-up of ear-bur deposits.

U.S. Pat. No. 2,795,554 discloses the use of lubricating oil compositions containing borate-treated glycerol monooleate. The oil compositions are used in the crankcase of an internal combustion engine to reduce the oxidation of the oil and the corrosion of the metal parts of the engine.

As far as is known, no attempt has been made to prepare a balanced formulated lubricating oil composition, as described herein, which not only has improved oxidation and corrosion inhibiting properties, but also improved dispersion, wear and friction properties. .

Most importantly, it has been found that lubrication of the crankcase of a combustion engine with a lubricating oil containing borate-treated 1,2-alkane long chain alkyls reduces the fuel consumption of the engine.

According to the present invention, lubricating oils are provided which reduce the friction between sliding metal surfaces in the crankcase of internal combustion engines. The reduced friction results from the addition to the lubricating oil of effective amounts of a borate-treated long chain 1,2-alkanediol of the formula 1 wherein R is an alkyl group containing 8-28 carbon-15 atoms or mixtures thereof and preferably the alkyl group is linear and contains little or no branching. Most preferably R 8 contains 8-18 carbon atoms or a mixture of alkyl groups containing 13-16 carbon atoms and has little or no branching.

Other additives may also be present in the lubricating oil to achieve a suitable balance of properties, such as dispersion, corrosion, wear and oxidation, which are critical to proper operation of a combustion engine.

Therefore, another embodiment of the present invention is directed to a lubricating oil formulated for use in the crankcase of an internal combustion engine for the purpose of improving the fuel consumption of the engine, characterized by the presence of (a) a predominant amount of oil of lubricating viscosity and (b) an effective amount of any of the following: 30 1. an alkenyl succinimide or succinate or mixture thereof, 2. a salt of a group II metal hydrocarbon dithiophosphoric acid, 3 · a neutral or excess ash alkali or alkaline earth metal hydrocarbon silphonate or mixtures thereof, 35 4 · a neutral or base alkali metal or alkaline earth metal alkylated phenolafc or mixtures thereof and 5 · a borate-treated 1,2-long chain alkane diol of the formula 1, wherein R represents an alkyl group of 8-28 carbon atoms, as a friction modifier.

40, according to the present invention, becomes a method 8203033

N

* - * -3- \ provided to reduce the fuel consumption of a combustion engine by treating its moving surfaces with the lubricating oil described above.

Addition of 0.1 to 5 wt.% And preferably 0.5 to 5 wt.% Of a long chain borate treated 1,2-alkanediol to a crankcase lubricating oil significantly improves the fuel economy of the internal combustion engine. More particularly, improvements in fuel mileage of 1.5 to 2% based on the average in engine tests are observed. This improvement in the fuel economy can be achieved with both compression ignition engines, that is, diesel engines and spark ignition engines, i.e., gasoline engines.

The borate-treated alkane-1,2-diols of formula 1 which are useful in the present invention are those compounds containing 10-30, preferably 10-20 carbon atoms.

Single carbon number kmines are employed, such as borate-treated decane-1,2-diol, borate-treated octane-1,2-diol, borate-treated eicosan-1,2-diol, borate-treated triane-1, 2-diol and the like, but a mixture of different carbon numbers is preferred. Typical mixtures include the borate-treated 1,2-diols of alkanes with 10 to 30 carbon atoms, the borate-treated 1,2-diols of alkanes with 12, 14 * 16, 18 and 20 carbon atoms, the borate-treated 1,2-diols of alkanes with 15 to 25 with 20 carbon atoms, the borate-treated t, 2-diols of alkanes with 15 to 18 carbon atoms, the borate-treated 1,2-diols of alkanes with 20 to with 24 carbon atoms, the borate-treated 1,2-diols of alkanes with 24, 26 and 28 carbon atoms and the like.

The long chain borate-treated 1,2-alkanediol diols are prepared by borate-treating a 1,2-alkanediol of formula 2, wherein E is as defined above, with a stoichiometric amount of boric acid to remove the water of reaction by azeotropic distillation. The reaction is believed to proceed according to the formula chart figure, where E is an alkyl group having 8-28 carbon atoms.

The reaction can be carried out at a temperature in the range of 60 ° C to 135 ° C * in the presence of any suitable organic solvent such as methanol, benzene, xylenes, toluene, neutral oil and the like. When the solvent does not form azeotrope with water, 8203033 4 9 -4-azeotrope is sufficient to remove the water azeotrope.

The diols used for the present invention are either commercially available or readily prepared with the corresponding 1-olefin by methods known per se. For example, the olefin is first reacted with a perzun such as peroryacetic acid or water to peroxide pins formene to form an alkane-1,2-epoxide, which is readily hydrolyzed underneath basic or basic catalysis to the alkane-1,2 -10 diol. In another method, the olefin is first halogenated to a 1,2-dihaloalkane and then hydrolyzed to an alkane-1,2-diol by reacting first with sodium acetate and then sodium hydroxide.

1-Alkenes are available from the thermal cracking of 15 waxes. This method gives olefins of all carbon numbers. Alkenes with an even number of carbon atoms are prepared according to the known ethylene "growth" reaction. Olefins obtained by any of these methods are substantially linear in structure with little or no branching. Linear olefins are the alkenes. -20 ns which are preferred for conversion to alkane 1,2-diols.

The lubricating oils used in the process of the present αζΐν1ηάΐη® contain a major amount of a lubricating oil and about 0.10 to 5 wt.% Of the borate-treated alkanediol of the formula 1, preferably 0.5 to 4.0 wt and most preferably 1-2 wt%, based on the weight of the total composition. The optimal amount of borate-treated alkanediol within these ranges will vary slightly depending on the base oil and the other additives present in the oil.

Additive concentrates are also included in the present invention. In the concentrate additive form, the borate-treated diol is present in a concentration ranging from 5-50 wt. 90.

The lubricating oil compositions are prepared by mixing the appropriate amount of the desired borate-treated alkane-1,2-diol with the lubricating oil using conventional techniques. When concentrates are to be prepared, the amount of hydrocarbon oil is limited, but sufficient to dissolve the required amount of borate-treated alkane-1,2-diol. Generally, the concentrate will contain enough borate-treated diol to permit subsequent dilution with 1 to 10 times the amount of lubricating oil.

As another embodiment of the present invention, the lubricating oil, to which the borate-treated 1,2-alkane diols have been added, contains an alkali or alkaline earth metal carbon hydrogen sulfonate, an alkali or alkaline earth metal phenate or mixtures thereof, a salt of a dihydrocarbon dithiophosphate of a Group II metal of the periodic table and an alkenyl sulfinimide or succinate or mixtures thereof.

The alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydrocarbon sulfonates may be petroleum sulfonate, synthetic alkylated aromatic sulfonates or aliphatic sulfonates, such as those from polyisobutylene. One of the more important functions of the sulfonates is its function as a detergent and as a dispersant. These sulfonates are known in the art. The hydrocarbon group must contain a sufficient number of carbon atoms to make the sulfonate molecule soluble in oil. Preferably, the hydrocarbon moiety contains at least 20 carbon atoms and may be aromatic or aliphatic, but is usually alkyl aromatic.

Most preferred for use are calcium, magnesin or barin sulfonates, which are aromatic in character.

Certain sulfonates are usually prepared by sulfonation of a petroleum fraction with aromatic groups, usually mono- or dialkylbenzene groups, followed by formation of the metal salt of the sulfonic acid product. Other feeds used to prepare these sulfonates include synthetic alkylated benzenes and aliphatic hydrocarbons prepared by polymerizing a mono- or diolefin, for example, a polyisobutenyl group prepared by polymerizing isobutylene. The metal salts are formed directly or by metathesis using known methods.

Sulphonates can be neutral! or overbased with base numbers up to about 400 or higher. Carbon dioxide is the most commonly used material for the preparation of the basic or overbased sulfonates. Mixtures of neutral and overbased salts can be used. The sulfonates are usually used to make up 0.3 to 10 wt.% Of the total composition.

Preferably, the neutral sulfonates are present from 0.4 to 5% by weight of the total composition, and the overbased sulfonates are present from 0.3 to 3% by weight of the total composition.

The phenolates for use in the present invention are those conventional products which are the alkali or alkaline earth metal salts of alkylated phenols. One of the functions of the phenolates is to act as a detergent and dispersant. The phenolates prevent, among other things, the deposition of impurities, which are formed during operation at high engine temperatures. The phenols can be mono- or polyalkylated.

The alkyl portion of the alkyl phenolates is present to impart oil solubility to the phenolate. The alkyl moiety can be obtained from naturally occurring or synthetic sources. Naturally occurring sources include petroleum hydrocarbons, such as white oil and wax. When derived from petroleum, the hydrocarbon moiety is a mixture of different hydrocarbon groups, the specific composition of which depends on the particular oil stocks used as the starting material. Various synthetic olefins and alkane derivatives, which, when reacted with the phenol, yield an alkyl phenol are boron to synthetic sources. Babylated groups include butyl, bexyl, octyl, decyl, dodecyl, bexadecyl, eicosyl, tricontyl and the like. Olefin polymers, such as polypropylene, polybutene, polyisobutylene and the like, are borne to other sources of the alkyl group.

The alkyl group may be straight or branched, saturated or unsaturated (if unsaturated, preferably not more than two and, in general, not more than 64 n instead of ethylenically unsaturated).

The alkyl groups will generally contain 4-30 carbon atoms. In general, when the phenol is monoalkyl substituted, the alkyl group should contain at least 8 carbon atoms.

The phenolate can be sulfurized if desired. It can be neutral or overbased and, if overbased, will have a base number of at most 200 to 300 or more. Mixtures of neutral and over-base phenolates can be used.

The phenolates are usually present in the oil to make up 0.2 to 27% by weight of the total composition. Preferably, the neutral phenolates are present from 0.2 to 9% by weight of the total composition and the overbased phenolates are present from 0.2 to 13% by weight of the total composition. Most preferably, the phenolates are present from 0.2 to 5% by weight of the total composition.

Preferred metals are calcium, magnesium, strontium 8203033 r> -7-barium.

The sulfurized alkaline earth metal alkyl diphenolates are preferred. These salts are obtained by various methods, such as treatment of the neutralization product of an alkaline earth metal base and an alkyl phenol with sulfur. Advantageously, the sulfur is added in elemental form to the neutralization product and reacted at elevated temperatures to produce the sulfurized alkaline earth metal alkyl phenolates.

When more alkaline earth metal base was added during the neutrailsation reaction than was necessary to neutralize the phenol, a basic sulfurized alkaline earth metal alkyl diphenate is obtained. See, for example, the method of U.S. Pat. No. 2,680,096. Additional alkalinity can be obtained by adding carbon dioxide to the basic sulfurized alkaline earth metal alkylphenolate. Excess alkaline earth metal base can then be added to the sulfurization step, but is usually added simultaneously when the alkaline earth metal base is added to neutralize the phenol.

Carbon dioxide is the most commonly used product to produce the basic or "overbased" phenolia. A process in which basic sulfurized alkaline earth metal alkyl phenolates are prepared by adding carbon dioxide is described in U.S. Patent 3,178,368.

3) The salts of dihydrocarbon dithiophosphoric acids of Group II metals of the periodic table exhibit abrasion, antioxidation and thermal stability properties. Salts of Group II metal phosphor dithioic acids have been previously described. See, for example, U.S. Patent 3-590,080, columns 6 and 7, in which these compounds and their preparation are generally described. Suitably, the salts of the Group II metal hydrocarbon dithiophosphoric acids suitable for the lubricating oil composition of the present invention contain from about 4 to about 12 carbon atoms in each of the hydrocarbon groups and may be the same or different and can be aromatic, aliphatic or cycloaliphatic. Preferred hydrocarbon groups are alkyl groups containing 4-8 carbon atoms represented by butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, hexyl, isohexyl, octyl, 2-ethyl-hexyl and the like. Metals suitable for the formation of these 40 salts include barium, calcium, strontium, zinc and 8203033-8 cadmium, of which zinc is preferred.

Preferably, the salt of a group II metal hydrocarbon ditiophosphoric acid of the periodic table has the formula 3, wherein 5 e. Rg and each independently represent hydrocarbon groups as previously described and f. represents a cation of a Group II metal of the periodic table as described above.

The dithiophosphoric acid salt is present in the lubricating oil compositions 10 of the present invention in an effective amount to inhibit wear and oxidation of the lubricating oil. The amount ranges from about 0.1 to about 4 wt% of the total composition, preferably the salt is present in an amount ranging from about 0.2 to about 2.5 wt% of the total lubricating oil composition . The final lubricating oil composition will usually comprise 0.025 to 25 wt.% Phosphorus and preferably 0.05 to 15 wt.%.

The alkenyl succinimide or succinate or mixtures thereof is present, inter alia, to act as a dispersant and to prevent the formation of deposits formed during engine operation. Be alkenyl succinimides and succinates are well known. The alkenyl succinimides are the reaction product of a polyolefin polymer-substituted hamstonic acid with an anhydride, preferably a polyalkylene polyamine, and the alkenyl succinates are the reaction product of a polyolefin-substituted hamstonic acid with monohydric and polyhydric alcohols, phenols and naphtholic alcohols at least three hydroxyl groups. The polyolefin polymer-substituted succinic anhydrides are obtained by reacting a polyolefin polymer or a derivative thereof with maleic anhydride. The succinic anhydride thus obtained is reacted with the amine or the hydroxyl compound. Preparation of the alkenyl succinimides has been rewritten many times in the literature. See, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 3 * 390,082, 3 * 219 * 666, and 3 * 172,892. The treatment of the alkenyl suinates has also been rewritten in the literature. See previously U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,381,022 and 3,522,179.

Particularly good results are obtained with the lubricating oil compositions of the present invention when the alkenyl 40 succinimide or succinate is a polyisohutene-substituted hamstone 8203033-9 acid amhydride or a polyalkylene polyamine or polyhydric alcohol.

The polyisohutene is obtained by polymerizing isohutene and can vary considerably in its compositions. The average number of carbon atoms can range from 30 or less to 250 or more with a resulting number average molecular weight from about 400 or less to 3000 or more. Preferably, the average number of carbon atoms per polyisobutylene molecule will range from about 50 to about 100, with the polyisobutenes having a number average molecular weight of about 600 to about 1500. More preferably, the average number of carbon atoms per polyisobutylene molecule ranges from about 60 to about 90 and the number average molecular weight ranges from about 800 to 13ΟΟ. The polyisohutene is reacted with maleic anhydride according to known methods of obtaining the polyisobutene-substituted barastenic anhydrides.

In the preparation of the alkenyl succinimide, the substituted succinic anhydride is reacted with a polyalkylene polyamine to obtain the corresponding succinimide.

Each alkylene group of the polyalkylene polyamine usually contains at most about 8 carbon atoms. The number of alkylene groups can range up to about 8. Examples of the alkylene group are ethylene, propylene, butylene, trimethylene, tetramethylene, penta-methylene, hexamethylene, octamethylene, etc. The number of amino-25 groups is generally, but not necessarily, SSn greater than the number of alkylene groups present in the amine, ie when a polyalkylene polyamine contains 3 alkylene groups, it will usually contain four amino groups. The number of amino groups can range up to about 9. Preferably, the alkylene group contains from about 2 to about 4 carbon atoms and all of the amino groups are primary or secondary. In this case, the number of amine groups exceeds the number of alkylene groups by 1. Preferably, the polyalkylene polyamine contains 3-5 amino groups. Specific examples of the polyalkylene polyamines include ethylene diamine, diethylene triamine, triethylene tetramine, propylene diamine, tripropylene tetramine, tetraethylene pentamine, trimethylene diamine, pentaethylene hexamine, di (trimethylene) triamine, hexamethylene.

Other amines suitable for the preparation of the alkenyl succinimide used in the present invention include the cyclic amines such as piperazine, morpholine 8203033-4-10, and dipiperazines.

Preferably, the alkenylsuccinimides used in the compositions of the present invention have the general formula 4 wherein 5a * Rj represents an alkenyl group. For pre-ketir a substantially saturated hydrocarbon prepared by polymerization of aliphatic monoalkenes. Preferably, it is prepared from isoButene and has an average carbon number and an average molecular weight as described above, B. The "alkylene" group essentially represents a hydrocarbon group containing up to 8 carbon atoms and preferably about 2-4 carbon atoms Contains as described above, c. A represents a hydrocarbon group, an amine-substituted hydrocarbon group or hydrogen. The hydrocarbon group and the amine-substituted hydrocarbon groups are generally the alkyl and amino-substituted alkyl analogs of the. alkylene groups described above. Preferably A represents hydrogen, d. n represents an integer from about 1 to 10 and Preferably from about 3 to 5

The alkenyl succinimide can be reacted with Boric Acid or a similar Boron-containing compound to form the Borate Treated Dispersants. Applicability In the present invention. The Borin-Treated Suceinimides 25 fall within the scope of the phrase "alkenylsuccinimide" *.

The alkenyl succinates are those of the previously described succinic anhydride with hydroxyl compounds, which may be aliphatic compounds such as monovalent and polyhydric alcohols or aromatic compounds such as phenols and naphthols. The aromatic hydroxyl compounds from which the esters can be obtained are illustrated by the following specific examples: phenol, beta-naphthol, alpha-naphthol, cresol, resorcinol, catechol, ρ, ρ'-dihydroxy-biphenyl, 2-chlorophenol, 2,4-Clutylphenol, propylene termer substituted phenol, didocecylphenol, 4'-4-methylene-bis-phenol, alpha-decyl-beta-naphthol, polyisobutene (molecular weight 1000) -substituted phenol, the condensation product of heptylphenol with 0, 5 moles of formaldehyde, the condensation product of octylphenol with acetone, di (hydroxyphenyl) oxide, di (hydroxyphenyl) sulfide, di (hydroxyphenyl) disulfide and 4-cydohexylphenol. Penol and alkylated phenols 40 with up to three alkyl substituents are preferred. Each 8203033 Ίψτ- · -: - · -11- of the alkyl substituents may contain 100 or more carbon atoms.

Preferably, alcohols from which the esters can be obtained contain at most 40 aliphatic carbon atoms.

They may be monovalent alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, 5-isooctanol, dodoanol, cyclohexanol, cyclopentanol, behenyl alcohol, hexatriacontanol, neopentyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, betafenylethyl alcohol, 2-methylcyclohexanol, beta-chloroethyl ether, monomethyl ethyl ether, monomethyl ethyl ether, monomethyl ethyl ether monopropyl ether of diethylene glycol, monododeoyl ether of triethylene glycol, monooleate of ethylene glyole, monostearate of diethylene glycol, sec-pentyl alcohol, t-butyl alcohol, 5-bromo-decanol, nitro-decadecanol, and glycerol dioleate. Be much-. some alcohols preferably contain from 2 to about 10 hydroxyl groups. Examples of these are ethylene glyole, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, dibutylene glycol, tributylene glycol and other alkylene glycols, wherein the alkylene group contains 2 to about 8 carbon atoms. Other suitable polyhydric alcohols include glycerol, glycerol monooleate, glycerol monomethyl ether, pentraerythritol, 9,1O-dihydroxystearic acid, methyl 9'-10-dihydroxystearic acid, 1,2-butanediol, 2,5-hexanediol, 2,4-hexane diol, pinacol, erythritol, arabitol, sorbitol, mannitol, 1,2-cyclohexanediol and xylene glycol. Eool hydrates such as sugars, starch products, cellulose products, etc., can also give esters. Examples of carbohydrates are glycose, fructose, sucrose, rhamose, mannose, glyceraldehyde and galactose.

A particularly preferred group of polyhydric alcohols are the alcohols having at least three hydroxyl groups, some of which are esterified with a monocarboxylic acid having from about 50 to about 30 carbon atoms such as octanoic, oleic, stearic, linolenic, dodecanoic or tall oleic acid. Examples of such partially esterified polyhydric alcohols are sorbitol monooleate, sorbitol distearate, glycerol monooleate, glycerol monostearate, dodecanoate of erythritol.

Beesters may also be derived from unsaturated alcohols such as allyl alcohol, cinnamon alcohol, propargyl alcohol, 1-cyclohexen-3-ol and oleyl alcohol. Still other groups of the alcohols capable of giving the esters of the present invention include the ether alcohols and amino alcohols including, for example, the oxyalkylene, oxy-arylene, amino-alkylene-8203033 -12- and amino-arylene-substituted alcohols with one or more oxy-alkylene, amino-alkylene or amino-arylene, oxy-arylene groups. Examples include Cellosolve, carbitol, phenoxyethanol, heptylphenyl- (oxypropylene) gH, octyl (oxyethylene) ^ QH, phenyl (oxy-5 octylene) 2-H, mono (heptylphenyl-oxypropylene) -substituted glycerol, poly (styrene oxide), aminoethanol, 3-aminoethylpentanol, di (hydroxyethyl) amine, p-aminophenol, tri (hydroxypropyl) amine, N-hydroxyethyl ethylene diamine, ΪΤ, Ν, Ν1, Ν-1-tetrahydroxy trimethylene diamine and the like. For the most part, the ether-10 alcohols having up to about 150 oxyalkylene groups, wherein the alkylene group has 1 to about 8 carbon atoms, are preferred.

The esters can be diesters of tartaric acids or acidic esters, ie partially esterified succinic acids, as well as partially esterified polyhydric alcohols or phenols, i.e. esters with free alcoholic or phenolic hydroxyl groups. Mixtures of the esters illustrated above are also within the scope of the invention.

The alkenyl succinates can be reacted with boric acid or similar boron-containing compounds to form the borate-treated dispersants useful in the present invention. Such borate-treated succinates are described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,555,945.

The borate-treated succinates fall within the scope of the term "alkenyl succinate".

The alkenyl succinimides and succinates are present in the lubricating oil compositions of the invention in an effective amount to act as a dispersant and prevent the deposition of impurities formed in the oil during engine operation. The amount of alkenyl succinimide and succinates can range from about 1% to about 20% by weight of the total lubricating oil composition. Preferably, the amount of alkenyl succinimide or succinate present in the lubricating oil composition of the invention ranges from about 1 to about 10% by weight of the total composition.

The final lubricating oil can be single or multigrade. Multigrade lubricating oils are prepared by adding viscosity index (Yl) improvers. Common viscosity index improvers are polyalkyl methacrylates, ethylene-propylene-40 copolymers, styrene-diene copolymers and the like. So-called 8203033 • φ ^ -13- decorated VI improvers with both viscosity index and dispersant properties are also suitable for use in the formulations of the present invention.

The lubricating oil used in the compositions of the present invention may be a mineral oil or synthetic oils of a viscosity suitable for use in the crankcase of an internal combustion engine. Crankcase lubricating oils usually have a viscosity of about 1300 cS at -17.8 ° C to 22.7 cS at 99 ° C. The lubricating oils can come from synthetic or natural bronnen0 sources. Mineral oils for use as a base oil in the present invention include paraffinic, naphthenic and other oils commonly used in lubricating oil compositions. Synthetic oils include both synthetic hydrocarbon oils and synthetic esters. Suitable synthetic hydrocarbon oils include liquid polymers of alpha olefins of the appropriate viscosity. Particularly suitable are the hydrogenated liquid oligomers of alpha olefins such as 1-deoene trimer.

Also alkylbenzenes of suitable viscosity, such as didodecylbenzene, can be used. Suitable synthetic esters include the esters of both monocarboxylic and polycarboxylic acids, as well as monohydroxyalkanols and polyols. Common examples include didodecyl adipate, pentaerythritol tetracaproate, di-2-ethylhexyl adipate, dilauryl sebacate and the like. Complex esters prepared from mixtures of mono- and dicarboxylic acids and mono- and dihydro-xyalkanols can also be used.

Mixtures of hydrocarbon oils with synthetic oils are also suitable. For example, a mixture of 10 to 25 wt% hydrogenated 1-decene trimer with 75 to 90 wt% 150 STJS (378 ° C) mineral oil gives an excellent lubricating oil base.

Additive concentrates are also within the scope of the present invention. In the concentrate, the borate-treated fatty acid of glycerol is present in a concentration ranging from 5 to 50 wt%.

Other additives which may be present in the formulation include rust inhibitors, scrubber inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, metal deactivators, pour point depressants, antioxidants and a variety of other known additives.

Yoorbeeld I

A five-liter reaction flask was charged with 1050 g of 40 (4 moles) of O 4 -1 alkane-1,2-ciol, 272 g (4 * 4 moles) of boric acid and 1500 g of 8203033 Λ-14-xylene. The stirred reaction mixture was heated under reflux for 90 hours. At the end of this period, 191 ml of water had been collected. The reaction mixture was cooled, filtered and the solvent was removed in vacuo to yield 1158g of product containing 6.3% boron.

Image II

Tests were conducted to demonstrate the improvements in fuel economy obtained by the addition of the lubricating oil compositions of the present invention to the crankcase of an automobile engine 10.

In this test, a 550 CID Oldsmobile engine was operated on a dynamometer. An engine oil system has been devised to provide suitable lubrication to the engine and also the ability to change the oil without stopping the engine. As a basis, a dry oil reservoir system was used with an external pump, which provides lubrication to the engine. This pump was connected to four external oil reservoirs by valves. The location of the valves determined the oil used.

This test was repeated several times under constant conditions with base oil and then with the same oil containing 0.5 µl and 2 wt% of the borate-treated 1,2-alkanediol prepared according to Example I. The percentages of improvements in fuel economy using the compositions of the invention over the base oil are shown in Table 25A.

Table A

Fuel economy relative to base concentrations of the sample concentration 30 (wt%)% improvement 0.5 1.7 1 1.9 2 1.5

The above comparisons were performed with fully formulated Chevron 20H / 80N oil containing 3.5% of a polyisobutenyl succinimide of tetraethylenepentamine, 30mmol / kg overbased magnesium hydrocarbon sulfonate, 20mmol / kg overbased sulfurized calcium polypropylene phenate, 18mmol / kg zinc O , 0-di (2-ethylhexyl) dithiophosphate and 5.5% of a YI improver 8203033 ^ * -15- on a polymethyl acrylate base.

Also formulated crankcase oils, each containing 2% by weight of borate-treated qC ^ q 1> 2-alkanediol, borate-treated 1,2-dodecanediol or borate-treated 1,2-hexadecanediol in place of the borate-treated C ^ Contains 1,2-alkanediol of Example I in the aforementioned formulations, effective in reducing fuel consumption in an internal combustion engine.

Example III

Formulated oils containing 1% by weight of the borate-treated C 1 -C 2 g alkanediol of Example I were prepared and tested in a sequence HID test method (according to ASTM Special Technical Publication 315Ξ) and a L-38 engine test.

The comparisons in each run were made in a formulated base and EPM 10WJO containing 3% of a polyisobutenyl succinimide of triethylene tetramine, 30mmol / kg overbased magnesium hydrocarbon sulfonate, 20mmol / kg overbased sulfurized alkylphenol, 18 mmol / kg zinc contains di (2-ethylhexyl) dithiophosphate and 5.5% of a polymethacrylate-20 viscosity index improver.

A. Order of HID nroef.

The purpose of this test is to determine the effect of the additives on the oxidation rate of the oil and the dental ®. -vd (ge wear in the valve string of an internal combustion engine at relatively high temperatures (temperature of the oil mass during the test 149 ° C).

In this test, an Oldsmobile 350 CID engine was operated under the following conditions at 3000 rpm / maximum operating time for 30 hours and 45 kg load, air / fuel * ratio = 16.5 / 1, using a GMR reference fuel (leaded), ignition timing = 31 ° for top dead center, oil temperature = 150 ° 0.35 cooling temperature in = 113 ° 0 - out 118.5 ° C, 7.62 cm water back pressure on fan, flow rate of the coolant in the jacket = 227 liters / min *, flow rate of the coolant in the valve cover = 11.4 liters / min., 40 the humidity should be kept at 80 drops of water, 8203033

V

-16- controlled air temperature equal inlet equal 26.7 ° C, by-pass heat exchanger at 37.8 ° C.

The effectiveness of the additive is measured after 64 hours expressed in cam and follower wear and increase in percentage viscosity. The results are shown in Table B.

Table B

Order IIID pin * cam + follower, sli.itage x 10 ~ ^ om> viscosity viscosity 10 S3? Spec. SI? Spec. increase increase formulation max. avg. % for 40 &% for 64 h base 24.6 10.4 264 too viscous to measure base + 1 $ 15 connection according to example I 4 »8 3> 6 97 10003 B. 1) -38 engine test

This test is run for 40 nren using a 1-cylinder OLE engine with an engine speed of 3150 revolutions per minute. The purpose of the test is to determine whether the additives are corrosive to copper-lead bearings.

The results are given in Table C.

Table C

II-58 engine test weight loss formulation lower (mg) base oil 36 30 base oil + 1% compound of example I 18 8203033

Claims (4)

Lubricating oil, formulated for use in the crankcase of an internal combustion engine to improve engine fuel consumption, characterized by the presence of 5 (a) a major amount of an oil of lubricity viscosity and (*) an effective amount of each of the following components: 1-. an alkenyl suocinimide or alkenyl succinate or mixtures thereof, 2. a salt of a dihydrocarbon dithiophosphoric acid of a metal 10 of group II of the periodic table, 3 a neutral! or overbased alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbon hydrogen sulfonate or mixtures thereof, 4. a neutral or overbased alkali metal or alkaline earth metal alkylated phenalafc or mixtures thereof, a boron-treated 1,2-alkanediol with large chain as a friction modifier of formula 1, wherein R is an alkyl group containing 8-28 carbon atoms and mixtures thereof. Lube oil formulation according to claim 1, characterized in that (1) the alkenylsucoinimide is a polyisobutenylsuccinimide of a polyalkylene polyamine and the alkenylsuccinate is a polyisobutylsuccinate of a polyhydric alcohol, (2) the metal salt of the dihydrocarboxyldithiophosphoric acid wherein the alkyl group contains 4-12 carbon atoms, (3) the metal of the neutral or overbased alkali metal or alkaline earth metal sulfonate is calcium, magnesium or barium or mixtures thereof, (4) the metal of the neutral or overbased alkali metal or alkaline earth metal phenate calcium, magnesium or barium, (5) the group R of the borate-treated 1,2-alkanediol is an alkyl group containing 8-18 carbon atoms. The lubricating oil formulation according to claim 1, characterized in that the alkenyl succinimide is a polyisobutenyl succinimide of triethylene tetramine or a polyisobutenyl succinimide of tetraethylene pentamine and the alkenyl succinate is a polyisobutenyl succinate of pentaerythritol metal (2-triethylethol) metal (2) triphol of the metal (pentaerythritol) metal) 40 0,0-di (2-ethylhe2yl) dithiophosphate, zinc 0,0-di (isobutyl / mixed 8203033, V-18-primary hexyl) dithio phosphate or zinc 0,01-di (sec.hutyl / mixed sec- dair hexyl) dithiophosphate, (3) the metal salt of the sulfonate is an overhasic magnesium or calcium hydrocarbon silphonate, 5 (4) the metal salt of the phenate is an overhasic sulfurized calcium or a magnesium monoalkylated phenate, (5) the group E of the 1,2-alkanediol is a mixture of alkyl groups containing 13-16 carbon atoms. Method for reducing the fuel consumption of an engine, characterized in that the weighted surfaces thereof are treated with a composition according to claim 1. 8203033