DE3228973A1 - LUBRICANTS AND ITS USE - Google Patents

Description

Lube oil and its uses

The invention relates to lubricating oils and their use for reducing the fuel consumption of gasoline engines. In particular, the invention is concerned with crankcase lubricating oils, the borated long chain 1,2-alkanediols contained as a friction reducing agent.

Since the quantities of fossil fuels are declining and their prices are rising sharply, there has been a great deal of interest in reducing the amount of fuel used by automobile engines etc. are consumed.

There is therefore a significant need for lubricants that reduce the overall friction of engines, so that their energy requirements are reduced.

U.S. Patent No. 4,201,684 describes lubricating oils containing sulfurized fatty acid amides, esters or ester amides of alkoxylated ones Contain amines, which reduce the friction between sliding metal surfaces in gasoline engines.

US Pat. No. 4,167,486 describes lubricating oils which have certain

Esters with double bonds or the dimer or trimer of such Contain acid esters. A reduction in the fuel consumption of gasoline engines is achieved by using of the lubricating oils in the crankcases of engines.

The US-PS 3,151,077 describes the use of borated monoacylated trimethylolalkanes as motor fuel and lubricating oil additives. The additives are intended to prevent surface ignition of gasoline engines

reduce and inhibit deposits in the carburetors.

US Pat. No. 2,795,548 describes the use of lubricating oils / containing borated glycerol monooleate. The oils are used in the crankcases of gasoline engines to prevent the oxidation of the oil and a corrosion of the metal parts of the engine.

As far as is known, no attempt has yet been made to produce a lubricating oil formulated in a balanced way, which not only has improved oxidative and has corrosion-inhibiting properties, but is also dispersible in an improved manner, reduces the abrasion and causes low friction.

The invention is based on the knowledge that the lubrication of the crankcase of a gasoline engine with a lubricating oil, which contains borated long-chain 1,2-alkanediols, reduces the fuel consumption of engines.

The invention accordingly provides lubricating oils which reduce the friction between sliding parts Reduce metal surfaces in the crankcase of gasoline engines. The reduced friction is that Result of adding effective amounts of a borated long chain 1,2-alkanediol of the formula

R-CH - CH "

II
O ^ O

^ b (ι;

I.
OH

where in the formula R is alkyl having 8 to 28 carbon atoms and also mixtures thereof, the alkyl being preferably only slightly or at all linear has no branching. In a particularly preferred manner, R contains or stands from 8 to 18 carbon atoms for a mixture of alkyl groups containing 13 to 16 carbon Contain atoms with little or no branching.

Other additives may also be present in the lubricating oil to balance properties accordingly to achieve, such as a favorable dispersion, good corrosion properties, low abrasion and low Oxidation, d. H. Properties that are critical to the satisfactory operation of a gasoline engine.

According to another embodiment of the invention, a lubricating oil is provided which is suitable for use in is formulated in the crankcase of a gasoline engine in order to reduce the fuel consumption of the engine. This Lubricating oil consists of

(a) a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity and

(b) an effective amount of each of the following ingredients:

1. of an alkenyl succinimide or succinate or mixtures thereof,

2. a salt of a metal from group II of a dihydrocarbyldithiophosphoric acid,

3. a natural or overbased alkali or alkaline earth metal hydrocarbyl sulfonate, or Mixtures thereof,

4. a neutral or overbased alkylated alkali or alkaline earth metal phenate or mixtures of it and

5. a borated long chain 1,2-alkanediol friction modifier the formula

R-CH-CH
II
CL _y 0

i

OH

wherein R is alkyl having 8 to 28 carbon atoms contains.

Furthermore, the invention provides a method for reducing the fuel consumption of Otto engines Treating the moving surfaces of these engines with a lubricating oil described above is provided.

The addition of 0.1 to 5% by weight and preferably 0.5 up to 4% by weight of a borated long-chain 1,2-alkanediol to a crankshaft lubricating oil significantly improves the fuel consumption of gasoline engines. at Engine tests found 1.5 to 2% lower fuel consumption values established. This improvement in fuel economy can be achieved with diesel engines as well in the case of engines ignited by spark plugs, d. H. Petrol engines.

The borated alkane-1,2-diols of the formula (I), according to the invention are suitable are those containing 10 to 30 and preferably 10 to 20 carbon atoms.

One can make compounds with a single carbon number use, such as borated decane-1,2-diol, borated Octadecane-1,2-diol, borated eicosane-1,2-diol, borated Tricontane-1,2-diol or the like, however, becomes a mixture of compounds having multiple carbon numbers preferred. Typical mixtures are the borated 1,2-diols of alkanes of 10 to 30 inclusive Carbon atoms, the borated 1,2-diols of alkanes with 12, 14, 16, 18 and 2 0 carbon atoms, the borated 1, 2-diols of alkanes with 15 to 20 carbon atoms inclusive, the borated 2-diols of alkanes containing 15 to 18 carbon atoms inclusive, the borated 1,2-diols of alkanes containing 20 to 24 carbon atoms inclusive, the borated 1,2-diols of alkanes with 24, 26 and 28 carbon atoms or the like.

The borated long-chain 1,2-alkanediols are through Boriding of a long-chain 1,2-alkanediol of the formula

R-CH-CH ₂

OH OH

in which R has the meaning given above, with a stoichiometric amount of boric acid with removal of water of reaction by azeotropic distillation manufactured. It is believed that the reaction proceeds according to the following scheme:

^R ί ^Η f 2 ⁺ B (OH) ₃ jä§ ^ _R _ _CH _ _CH2 OH OH * ^ J ^

OH

wherein R is alkyl containing 8 to 28 carbon atoms holds.

The reaction can be carried out at a temperature between 60 and 135 ^° C. in the presence of any suitable organic solvent, such as methanol, benzene, xylenes, toluene, neutral oil or the like. If the solvent does not form an azeotrope with water, a sufficient amount of an azeotroping agent is added to azeotropically remove the water.

The diols which are suitable for carrying out the invention are either commercially available or can be easily prepared from the corresponding 1-olefin according to known methods Establish methods. For example, the olefin is first treated with a peracid such as peroxyacetic acid or Hydrogen peroxide plus formic acid reacted with the formation of an alkane-1,2-epoxide, which can easily be replaced by acidic or basic catalysis hydrolyzed to the alkane-1,2-diol. In another method, the olefin is first halogenated to a 1,2-dihaloalkane and then halogenated to an alkane-1,2-diol by reacting the first-mentioned compound with sodium acetate and then with Hydrolyzed sodium hydroxide.

1-Olefins are available from the thermal cracking of waxes. This process produces olefins of all carbon numbers. 1-olefins with an even number of carbon atoms are formed according to the well-known "ethylene growth reaction" manufactured. Olefins made by any of these processes are essential linear in structure and have little or no branching. Linear Olefins are the preferred olefins for conversion to alkane-1,2-diols.

The lubricating oils that are used to carry out the process according to the invention contain one major amount of a lubricating oil and about 0.10 to 5.0% by weight of the borated alkanediol of formula (I) and preferably 0.5 to 4.0% by weight and especially 1 to 2% by weight based on the weight of the whole Preparation. The optimal amount of borated alkanediol within this range varies somewhat depending on the base oil as well as others in the oil present additives.

Additive concentrates also fall within the scope of the invention. The borated is in the concentrate additive form Diol in a concentration which varies between 5 and 50 wt .-%.

The lubricating oils are prepared by mixing the appropriate amount of the desired borated alkane-1,2-diol with the lubricating oil according to known methods. If concentrates are made, the amount of hydrocarbon oil is limited but is sufficient to dissolve the required amount of borated alkane-1,2-diol. In general, the concentrate will contain a sufficient x ¹ amount of borated diol to allow for subsequent dilution with 1 to 10 or more times the amount of the lubricating oil.

Another embodiment of the invention provides that the lubricating oils to which the borated 1,2-alkanediols are added are, an alkali or alkaline earth metal hydrocarbyl sulfonate, an alkali or alkaline earth metal phenate or Mixtures thereof, a Group II metal salt of a dihydrocarbyldithiophosphoric acid, and an alkenyl succinimide or succinate or mixtures thereof.

The alkali or alkaline earth metal hydrocarbyl sulfates can either be made from petroleum sulfonate, synthetic alkylated aromatic sulfonates, or aliphatic There are sulfonates, for example those based on polyisobutylene. One of the -, - more correct functions the sulfonates act as detergents and dispersants. These are sulfonates known. The hydrocarbon group must be sufficient Number of carbon atoms possess so the sulfonate molecule is oil soluble. Preferably has the hydrocarbon portion has at least 20 carbon atoms and can be aromatic or aliphatic, but is usually alky! aromatic. Particularly preferred Calcium, magnesium or barium sulfonate, which are aromatic in character, are used.

Certain sulfonates are typically made by sulfonating a petroleum fraction with aromatic groups, usually mono- or dialkylbenzene groups, followed by formation of the metal salt of the sulfonic acid material manufactured. Other raw materials used to make these sulfonates are synthetically alkylated benzenes and aliphatic hydrocarbons that are formed by polymerizing a Mono- or diolefins are produced, for example a polyisobutenyl group, by polymerization is made from isobutene. The metal salts are directly or by double conversion according to known methods manufactured.

The sulfonates can be neutral or overbased with base numbers up to about 400 or more. Carbon dioxide is the most commonly used material to manufacture

development of the basic or overbased sulfonates. Mixtures of neutral and overbased sulfonates can be used. The sulfonates are usually used in an amount such that 0.3 to 10% by weight, based on the total preparation, are present. The neutral sulfonates are preferably in amounts of 0.4 to 5% by weight, based on the total Preparation, before, while the overbased sulfonates in amounts of 0.3 to 3 wt .-%, based on the entire preparation are present.

The phenates used according to the invention are conventional Products and consist of the alkali or alkaline earth metal salts of alkylated phenols. One of the Functions of the phenates are to act as detergents and dispersants. Prevent, among other things they remove the build-up of contaminants that formed during high-temperature operation of the engines will. The phenols can be mono- or polyalkylated.

The alkyl portion of the alkyl phenate is present to give the phenate oil solubility. The alkyl part can can be obtained from naturally occurring or synthetic sources. Naturally occurring sources are Petroleum hydrocarbons such as white oil and wax. Going back to petroleum, the hydrocarbon fraction is a mixture of different hydrocarbons groups whose specific composition depends on the particular oil material used as the starting material has been used depends. Suitable synthetic sources are various commercially available alkenes and alkane derivatives that react with the phenol provide an alkylphenol. Appropriate Available Radicals

are butyl, hexyl, octyl, decyl, dodecyl, hexadecyl, Eicosyl, Tricontyl or the like. Other suitable synthetic sources for the alkyl radical are olefin polymers, for example polypropylene, polybutylene, polyisobutylene or the like.

The alkyl group can be straight or branched, saturated or unsaturated (if unsaturated is, it preferably contains no more than two and generally no more than 1 position of an olefinic one Unsaturation). The alkyl radicals generally contain 4 to 30 carbon atoms. Is that phenol If monoalkyl-substituted, the alkyl radical should generally contain at least 8 carbon atoms.

The phenate can optionally be sulfurized. It can either be neutral or overbased. Is überbasich, it has a base number of up to 200 to 300 or above _for mixtures of neutral and overbased phenates may be used.

The phenates are usually present in the oil in abundance from 0.2 to 27% by weight, based on the entire preparation, before. The neutral phenates are preferably present in an amount of 0.2 to 9% by weight of the total preparation and the overbased phenates in an amount of 0.2 to 13% by weight, based on the total preparation, before. In particular, the overbased phenates are in amounts of 0.2 to 5% by weight, based on the total Preparation, before. Preferred metals are calcium, magnesium, strontium or barium.

The sulfurized alkaline earth metal alkyl phenates are preferred. These salts are after a variety of Method obtained, for example by treating the

Neutralization product of an alkaline earth metal base and an alkylphenol with sulfur. Will be common the sulfur is added in elemental form to the neutralization product and at an elevated temperature for recovery of the sulfurized alkaline earth metal alkyl phenate.

More alkaline earth metal base is added during neutralization than is required to make the phenol to neutralize, then a basic sulfurized alkaline earth metal alkyl phenate is obtained (see. For example the Walker et al. method described in U.S. Patent 2,680,096). An additional basicity can be achieved by adding carbon dioxide to the basic sulfurized alkaline earth metal alkyl phenate will. The excess of alkaline earth metal base can then be added to the sulfurization stage, however, it is expediently added at the same time when the alkaline earth metal base is used for neutralization of the phenol is added.

Carbon dioxide is the most common material used to produce basic or "overbased" phenates. A method in which basic sulfurized alkaline earth metal alkylphenates are carried out by adding generated by carbon dioxide is described in U.S. Patent 3,178,368.

The salts of metals of group II of dihydrocarbyl diethiophosphoric acid reduce abrasion, oxidation and improve thermal stability. The salts of metals of group II of phosphorodithioic acids are already known (see, for example, US Pat 3 390 080, columns 6 and 7, where these connections as well

their production are generally described). The salts of metals of group II of the dihydrocarbyldithiophosphoric acids, which are suitable in the lubricating oils according to the invention are contained in more expedient Have about 4 to about 12 carbon atoms in each the hydrocarbon radicals and can be the same or different, being aromatic radicals, May act alkyl radicals or cycloalkyl radicals. Preferred Hydrocarbon groups are the alkyl groups, which contain 4 to δ carbon atoms, for example butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, hexyl, isohexyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl or the like. The metals used for manufacture of these salts are suitable are barium, calcium, strontium, zinc and cadmium, with zinc being preferred.

Preferably, the Group II metal salt of a dihydrocarbyl phosphorodithioic acid has the following Form1:

20th

R ₂ O, R ₃ O '

wherein

e. Ry and R., each independently of one another for Koh-

hydrogen residues, as they have been described, stand, and

f. M. a Group II metal cation as described, means.

The dithiophosphoric acid salt is present in the lubricating oil of the present invention in an amount sufficient thereto sufficient to reduce abrasion and oxidation by the lubricating oil. The amount varies between approximately

0.1 and about 4% by weight, based on the total preparation, wherein the salt is preferably present in an amount comprised between about 0.2 and about 2.5% by weight, based on the total lubricating oil preparation, varies. The finished lubricating oil usually contains 0.025 to 25 wt% phosphorus and preferably 0.05 to 15 wt%.

The alkenyl succinimide or succinate or mixtures of these serve, among other things, as a dispersant and prevent the formation of deposits during of the operation of the engine. The Alkeny! Succinimide and succinates are known. The alkenyl succinimides are the reaction product of a polyolefin-polymer-substituted Succinic anhydride with an amine, preferably a polyalkylene polyamine, while the alkenyl succinates the reaction product of a polyolefin polymer-substituted Succinic anhydride with monohydric or polyhydric alcohols, phenols and denote naphthols, preferably a polyhydric alcohol which contains at least three hydroxy radicals. The polyolefin polymer-substituted succinic anhydrides are obtained by reacting a polyolefin polymer or a derivative thereof with maleic anhydride. The succinic anhydride thus obtained is reacted with the amine or with a hydroxy compound. The manufacture of alkenyl succinimides has been described many times (see, for example, U.S. Patents 3,390,082, 3,219,666, and 3,172,892). the The production of alkenyl succinates is also known (cf., for example, US Pat. Nos. 3,381,022 and 3,522,179)

Particularly good results are obtained in the case of lubricating oils according to the invention if the alkenyl succinic

imide or succinate is a polyisobutene-substituted Succinic anhydride of a polyalkylene polyamine or of a polyhydric alcohol.

The polyisobutene from which the polyisobutene-substituted succinic anhydride is obtained by polymerizing Isobutene is obtained can vary considerably in its composition. The average number of Carbon atoms can vary from 30 or less to 25 or more, the number average obtained being the molecular weight is about 40 0 or less to 3,000 or more. Preferably it fluctuates average number of carbon atoms per polyisobutene molecule between about 50 and about 100 in the case of polyisobutenes with a number average of molecular weight from about 600 to about 1500. In particular, the average number varies the carbon atoms per polyisobutene molecule between about 60 and about 90 and the number average des Molecular weight between about 800 and 1300. The polyisobutene is with maleic anhydride according to known Methods implemented, the polyisobutene-substituted succinic anhydride is obtained.

To produce the alkenyl succinimide, the substituted succinic anhydride is combined with a polyalkylene polyamine implemented to obtain the corresponding succinimide. Any alkylene radical of the polyalkylene polyamine usually has up to about 8 carbon atoms. The number of alkylene radicals can be up to approximately 8. The alkylene radical consists, for example, of ethylene, propylene, butylene, trimethylene, tetramethylene, Pentamethylene, hexamethylene, octamethylene etc. The number of the amino groups is generally but not

necessarily to be one number greater than the number of alkylene radicals present in the amine, d. i.e., if a polyalkylene polyamine contains three alkylene groups, it usually contains four amino groups. The number of amino groups can be up to about nine. Preferably the alkylene radical contains approximately 2 to about 4 carbon atoms, all of which are amine groups are primary or secondary. In this case, the number of amine groups exceeds the number of Alkylene groups around 1. The polyalkylene polyamine preferably contains 3 to 5 amine groups. Specific examples for polyalkylenepolyamines are ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, propylenediamine, Tripropylenetetramine, tetraethylpentamine, trimethylenediamine, pentaethylenehexamine, di- (trimethylene) triamine, Tri (hexamethylene) tetramine etc.

Other amines which are suitable for the preparation of an alkenyl succinimide suitable according to the invention are the cyclic amines such as piperizine, morpholine and dipiperizine.

Preferably, the Alkeny! Succinimide in the Preparations according to the invention are used, the following formula:

R ₁ -CH-C '

N-falkylene -Ν} H

I OA

CH ₀ -C 'I ⁿ

where mean:

a. Usually an Alkeny! Group, preferably one essentially

Lichen saturated hydrocarbon produced by the polymerization of aliphatic monoolefins. Preferably, R _{1 is} made from isobutene and has an average number of carbon atoms and a number average molecular weight as described above;

b. the "alkylene radical" represents essentially a hydrocarbon represents a group containing up to 8 carbon atoms, and preferably about 2 to 4 carbon having atoms as described;

c. A denotes a hydrocarbon group, an amine-substituted one Hydrocarbon group or hydrogen. The hydrocarbon group as well as the amine-substituted Hydrocarbon groups are generally the alkyl and amino substituted alkyl analogs of the alkylene radicals described. A is preferably hydrogen;

d. η is an integer from about 1 to 10, preferably about 3 to 5.

The alkenyl succinimide can be boric acid or the like Boron-containing compound to form the borated dispersants which are suitable according to the invention are to be implemented. The borated succinimides fall under the term "alkenyl succinimides".

The alkenyl succinates are those of the succinic anhydride described above with hydroxy compounds, which can be aliphatic compounds, for example monohydric and polyhydric alcohols or

aromatic compounds such as phenols and naphthols. The aromatic hydroxy compounds to which the - Esters can decrease, are represented for example by the following specific compounds: Phenol, ß-naphthol, α-naphthol, cresol, resorcinol, Catechin, p, p'-dihydroxybiphenyl, 2-chlorophenol, 2,4-dibutylphenol, Propentetramer-substituted phenol, didodecylphenol, 4,4'-methylene-bis-phenol, cx-decyl-ßnaphthol, Polyisobutene (molecular weight 1000) -substituted phenol, condensation product of heptylphenol with 0.5 mol of formaldehyde, condensation product of octylphenol with acetone, di (hydroxyphenyl) oxide, di (hydroxyphenyl) sulfide, di (hydroxyphenyl) disulfide and 4-cyclohexyl phenol. Phenol and alkylated phenols with up to 3 alkyl substituents are preferred. Any of the alkyl substituents may contain 100 or more carbon atoms.

The alcohols from which the esters can be derived preferably contain up to about 40 aliphatic ones Carbon atoms. You can use monohydric alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isooctanol, dodecanol, cyclohexanol, Cyclopentanol, behenyl alcohol, hexatriacontanol, neo'-pentyl alcohol, Isobutyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, ß-phenylethyl alcohol, 2-methylcyclohexanol, ß-chloroethanol, Monomethyl ether of ethylene glycol, monobutyl ether of Ethylene glycol, monopropyl ether of diethylene glycol, monododecyl ether of triethylene glycol, monooleate of Ethylene glycol, monostearate of diethylene glycol, sec-0 pentyl alcohol, tert-butyl alcohol, 5-bromododecanol, Nitro-octadecanol as well as the dioleate of glycerine. The polyhydric alcohols preferably contain 2 to about 10 hydroxy residues. Examples are ethylene glycol,

Diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, Dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, dibutylene glycol, tributylene glycol, and other alkylene glycols, in addition the alkylene radical contains 2 to about 8 carbon atoms. Other valuable polyhydric alcohols are glycerine, monooleate of glycerine, monomethyl ether of glycerine, pentaerythritol, 9,10-dihydroxy-stearic acid, Methyl ester of 9,1O-dihydroxystearic acid, 1,2-butanediol, 2,3-hexanediol, 2,4-hexanediol, Pinacol, erythritol, Arabic, sorbitol, mannitol, 1,2-cyclohexanediol and xylene glycol. Carbohydrates such as sugar, starches, celluloses etc. can be used in a similar manner Esters result. The carbohydrates consist for example of glucose, fructose, cane sugar, rhamnose, Mannose, glyceraldehyde and galactose.

A particularly preferred class of polyhydric alcohols are those containing at least three hydroxy groups some of which are esterified with a monocarboxylic acid having from about 8 to about 30 carbon atoms are, such as octanoic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, Linoleic acid, lauric acid or tall oil acid. Examples for such partially esterified polyhydric alcohols are the monooleate of sorbitol, the distearate of sorbitol, the monooleate of glycerin, the mnostearate of glycerin or the di-dodecanoate of erythritol.

The esters can also be based on unsaturated alcohols such as allyl alcohol, cinnamyl alcohol, propargyl alcohol, 1-cyclohexen-3-ol or an oleyl alcohol. One Another class of alcohols which are capable of providing esters according to the invention are the ether alcohols and

Amino alcohols, for example the oxyalkylene, oxyarylene, amino-alkylene and amino-arylene-substituted alcohols with one or more oxy-alkylene, amino-alkylene or amino-arylene-oxy-arylene-x groups. For example, cellosolve, carbitol, phenoxyethanol, heptylphenyl (oxypropylene) _g -H, octyl (oxyethylene), .- H, phenyl (oxyoctylene) "- H, mono (heptylphenyl-oxypropylene) -substituted glycerine, poly ( styrene oxide), aminoethanol, 3-aminoethylpentanol, di (hydroxyethyl) amine, p-aminophenol, tri (hydroxypropyl) amine, N- ■ hydroxyethylethylenediamine, Ν, Ν, Ν ', Ν'-tetrahydroxytrimethylenediamine or the like the ether alcohols with up to about 150 oxyalkylene radicals, the alkylene radical containing 1 to 8 carbon atoms, are preferred.

The esters can be diesters of succinic acids or acidic esters; H. partially esterified succinic acids, his, also partially esterified polyhydric alcohols or phenols, d. H. Esters with free alcoholic or phenolic hydroxyl radicals. Mixtures of the aforementioned esters are also contemplated the invention.

The alkenyl succinates can be formed with boric acid or a similar boron containing compound are reacted by borated dispersants which are suitable according to the invention. Such borated succinates are described in U.S. Patent 3,533,945. The borated succinates also fall under the term "Alkenyl Succinates".

The alkenyl succinimides and succinates are present in the lubricating oils according to the invention in an amount which

sufficient to act as a dispersant and prevent the deposition of impurities, which are formed in the oil during operation of the engine. The amount of alkenyl succinimide and alkenyl succinate varies between about 1 and about 20% by weight, based on the total lubricating oil. Preferably is the amount of alkenyl succinimide or succinate in the lubricating oil of the present invention between about 1 and about 10 weight percent based on total lubricating oil.

The finished lubricating oil can be a single or multi-degree oil be. Multigrade lubricating oils are produced by adding a viscosity index (VI) improver, Typical viscosity index improvers are polyalky! Methacrylates, Ethylene / propylene copolymers, styrene / diene copolymers or the like. So-called excellent VI improvers with both viscosity index and dispersing properties are also for use suitable in the preparations according to the invention.

The lubricating oil that is used in the preparations according to the invention can be a mineral oil or a synthetic oil of viscosity suitable for use in the crankcase of a gasoline engine suitable is. Crankcase lubricating oils have common

mmVs η gave a viscosity of about 1300 e - && at 32 ° C

mmVs ο

up to 22.7 at 99 C. The lubricating oils can be derived from synthetic or natural sources. A Mineral oil, which is suitable as a base oil according to the invention, can consist of a paraffinic, naphthenic or another oil, as it is conventionally used in lubricating oil preparations. Synthetic

Table oils are both synthetic hydrocarbon oils and synthetic esters. Suitable synthetic hydrocarbon oils are liquid polymers of α-olefins with the corresponding viscosity. The hydrogenated liquid oligomers of Cg _-1 "-a-olefins, such as 1-decene trimers, are particularly suitable. Similarly, alkylbenzenes of the appropriate viscosity, such as didodecylbenzene, can be used. Suitable synthetic esters are the esters of both monocarboxylic acids and polycarboxylic acids, and also of monohydroxyalkanols and polyols. Typical examples are didodecyl adipate, pentaerythritol tetracaproate, di-2-ethylhexyl adipate, dilauryl sebacate or the like. Complex esters made from mixtures of mono- and dicarboxylic acids and mono- and dihydroxyalkanols can also be used.

Mixtures of hydrocarbon oils with synthetic ones oils are also suitable. For example, mixtures of 10 to 25% by weight hydrogenated 1-decene trimer provide Base oils excellent with 75 to 90% by weight of 150 SUS (38 ° C) mineral oil.

Additive concentrates also fall within the scope of the Invention.'In the concentrate additive form lies the borated Fatty acid esters of glycerol in a concentration between 5 and 50% by weight.

Other additives that may be present in the formulation are rust inhibitors, foam inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, Metal deactivators, agents for lowering the pour point, antioxidants and a variety of other known additives.

The present examples illustrate the invention without restricting it.

example 1

A 5 liter reaction flask is filled with 1050 g (4 mol) of C _5-3 alkane-1,2-diol, 272 g (4.4 mol) of boric acid and 1500 g of xylene. The stirred reaction mixture is refluxed for 90 hours. At the end of this period, 191 ml of water are collected. The reaction mixture is cooled, filtered and then the solvent removed in vacuo to give 1158 g of a product containing 6.3% boron.

Example 2

Tests are carried out which show the improvement in fuel consumption that is then achieved when lubricating oils according to the invention are added to the crankcase of an automobile engine.

A 350 CID Oldsmobile engine is used to conduct this test run on a dynamometer. An engine lubrication system is provided to ensure adequate To ensure lubrication of the engine and also to enable an oil change without stopping the engine. In principle, a dry sump system is used with an external pump that does the lubrication of the engine. This pump is connected to 4 outer sumps via valves. The positioning the valve determines the oil used.

This test is carried out a number of times under constant conditions with a base oil and then with the same oil containing 0.5, 1 and 2% by weight of the borated C ₁ , - .. "-1, 2-alkanediol prepared according to Example 1 contains. The percentage of improvement in terms of fuel consumption when using the preparations according to the invention in comparison with the base oil is shown in Table I.

Table I.

Fuel consumption depending on the additional concentration of the sample

Concentration

( Wt%) % improvement

0.5 1.7

1 1.9

2 1.5

The above comparisons were made using a fully formulated Chevron 20N / 80N oil, the 3.5% of a polyisobutenyl succinimide of tetraethylene pentamine, 30 mmol / kg of overbased magnesium hydrocarbyl sulfonate, 20 mmol / kg calcium overbased sulfurized polypropylene phenate, 18 mmol / kg zinc O, O-di (2-ethylhexyl) dithiophosphate and 5.5% of a polymethacrylate VI improver.

Formulated crankcase oils each 2 wt .-% borated C ₁₀ _ _n -1,2-alkanediol, borated 1,2-dodecanediol

to - TO

or borated 1,2-hexadecanediol instead of the borated one

C, ._. "-I, 2-alkanediols of Example 1 in the above Formulations contained therein are also effective in reducing fuel consumption of gasoline engines.

Example 3

Formulated oils containing 1% by weight of the borated C. _c .. _O -alkane-

I D "Io

Diols according to Example 1 are prepared and tested according to a Sequence III D test method (according to ASTM Special Technical Publication 315H) as well as in an L-38 engine test.

The comparisons in each test are made in a formulated base material and RPM 10W3 0, which is 3.5% Polyisobutenyl succinimide of triethylenetetramine, 30 mmol / kg overbased magnesium hydrocarbyl sulfonate, 20 mmol / kg of overbased sulfurized alkylphenol, 18 mmol / kg of zinc di (2-ethylhexyl) dithiophosphate and 5.5% polymethacrylate contains as a viscosity index improver.

A. Sequence III D - test

The purpose of this test is to determine the effect of the additives on the rate of oxidation of the oil and the Abrasion of the cam and the regulating tappet in the valve assembly of a gasoline engine at relatively high temperatures (the temperature of the bulk of the oil during the

at least about 149 ° C).

An Oldsmobile 350 CID engine is used to conduct this test run under the following conditions:

Attempts at 3OCO opm / maximum running time 64 h and under a load of 45 kg;

Air / fuel * ratio = 16.5 / 1, where * GMR reference fuel (leaded) is used; Timing = 31 ° BTDC;
Oil temperature = 150 ⁰ C;

Coolant temperature (inlet) = 113 ° C, outlet = 119 ° C; 750 mm of water back pressure on the exhaust pipe; Jacket coolant flow rate = 22 8 l / min; Rocker Cover Coolant Flow Rate = 11.4 L / min;

the humidity must be kept at 80 grains H ₃ O. The air temperature at the inlet is kept at 27 ^° C. The temperature of the Blowby Breather heat exchanger is 38 ° C.

The effect of the additive becomes effective after 64 h with regard to the abrasion of the camshaft and the regulating tappet and the percentage of viscosity increase measured. The results are shown in Table II below.

Table II
Sequence "'" IHD test

Camshaft and regulating tappets, abrasion x 10 mm

formulation

SF Spec.

Base oil

9.7

Base oil + 1% of the compound prepared according to Example 1 1.9

SF Spec.

average

102.5

35

Viscosity to
assumption,%
after 40 h

Viscosity increase,

% after 64 h

264 too viscous to measure

97

10,003

B. L-38 engine test

This test is run for 40 hours using a single cylinder CLR engine at one engine speed carried out at 3150 rpm. The purpose of this test is to determine if the additives are corrosive opposite the copper / lead bearings. The results can be seen from the following table III.

Table III

L-38 engine tests

Bearing weight

Formulation loss (mg)

Base Oil 36

Base oil + 1% of the compound

from example 1 18

Claims (5)

MÜLLER-BOK? · DEUI ^ Ju · SCHÖK "· HERTEL 3228973 PATENTANWÄLTE ETTKOPEAN PATENT ATTOENBYS DR. WOLFGANG MÜLLER-BORi (PATENT ADVERTISER FROM 1927-1975) DR. PAUL DEUFEL. DIPL.-CH EM. DR. ALFRED SCHÖN, DIPL.-DIPL.-DR. ALFRED SCHÖN. DIPL.-PHYS. C 3375 S / sm Chevron Research Company, Market Street, San Francisco, CA 94105 / USA Lubricating oil and its use Patent claims Lubricating oil for use with the crankcase of a gasoline engine to improve fuel consumption, characterized by (a) a larger amount an oil of lubricating viscosity; and (b) an effective amount of each of the following: 1. an alkenyl succinimide or alkenyl succinate or a mixture of these, 2. a salt of a metal from group II of dihydrocarbyldithiophosphoric acid, 3. a neutral or overbased alkali or alkaline earth metal hydrocarbyl sulfonate or one Mixture of MUNICH 86, SIEBERTSTR. 4 POB 860720 CABLE: MUEBOPAT TEL. (O 89) 4740OS TELECOPIER XEROX 400 TELEX 5-24285 4. a neutral or overbased alkylated alkali or alkaline earth metal phenate or one Mix of these as well 5. a borated long chain 1,2-alkanediol as a friction modifier of the formula R - CH - CH ^ ₅ i I ²
ο / 0
^ b '(ι; I OH wherein R is alkyl having 8 to 28 carbon atoms, or a mixture thereof.
15th 2. Lubricating oil according to claim 1, characterized in that (1) the alkenyl succinimide a polyisobutenyl succinimide of a polyalkylene polyamine and the alkenyl succinate is a polyisobutenyl succinate of a polyhydric alcohol, (2) the metal salt of dihydrocarbyldithiophosphoric acid is zinc dialkyldithiophosphate, wherein the alkyl group contains 4 to 12 carbon atoms; (3) the metal of the neutral or overbased alkali or alkaline earth metal sulfonate from calcium, magnesium or barium or mixtures thereof, (4) the metal of the neutral or overbased alkali or Alkaline earth metal phenate consists of calcium, magnesium or barium and (5) the group R of the borated 1,2-alkanediol is an alkyl containing 8 to 18 carbon atoms. 3. Lubricating oil according to claim 1, characterized in that (1) the alkenyl succinimide is a polyisobutenyl succinimide of triethylenetetramine and polyisobutenyl succinimide of tetraethylene pentamine and the alkenyl succinate a polyisobutenyl succinate from Pentaery thrit is (2) the metal salt of dihydrocarbyl phosphorodithioic acid from zinc-O, O-di (2-ethylhexyl) dithiophosphate, Zinc-O, O-di (isobutyl / mixed primary hexyl) dithiophosphate or zinc-G, O-di (sec-butyl / mixed se secondary hexyl) dithiophosphate, (3) the metal salt of the sulfonate is an overbased magnesium or calcium hydrocarbyl sulfonate, {4} the metal salt of the phenate is an overbased sulfurized monoalkylated calcium or magnesium phenate is and (5) the group R of the 1,2-alkanediol is a mixture of alkyl groups containing 13 to 16 carbon atoms.
20th 4. Use of a lubricating oil according to claim to reduce the fuel consumption of a gasoline engine by treating the moving surfaces of this engine.
25th