NL7800033A - Waterige bekledingsmengsels met een emulsie- polymeer, in het bijzonder voor nagels. - Google Patents
Waterige bekledingsmengsels met een emulsie- polymeer, in het bijzonder voor nagels.Info
- Publication number
- NL7800033A NL7800033A NL787800033A NL7800033A NL7800033A NL 7800033 A NL7800033 A NL 7800033A NL 787800033 A NL787800033 A NL 787800033A NL 7800033 A NL7800033 A NL 7800033A NL 7800033 A NL7800033 A NL 7800033A
- Authority
- NL
- Netherlands
- Prior art keywords
- nails
- aqueous coating
- emulsion polymer
- coating mixtures
- mixtures
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q3/00—Manicure or pedicure preparations
- A61Q3/02—Nail coatings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K8/81—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- A61K8/8141—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- A61K8/8152—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters, e.g. (meth)acrylic acid esters; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K8/81—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- A61K8/8164—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical, and containing at least one other carboxyl radical in the molecule, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers, e.g. poly (methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic anhydride)
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US05/822,040 US4158053A (en) | 1977-08-05 | 1977-08-05 | Aqueous emulsion polymer nail coating formulations |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NL7800033A true NL7800033A (nl) | 1979-02-07 |
Family
ID=25234957
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NL787800033A NL7800033A (nl) | 1977-08-05 | 1978-01-02 | Waterige bekledingsmengsels met een emulsie- polymeer, in het bijzonder voor nagels. |
Country Status (18)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4158053A (da) |
EP (1) | EP0000819A1 (da) |
JP (1) | JPS5428836A (da) |
AR (1) | AR217665A1 (da) |
AU (1) | AU512523B2 (da) |
BE (1) | BE861728A (da) |
BR (1) | BR7800402A (da) |
CA (1) | CA1085303A (da) |
DE (1) | DE2757773A1 (da) |
DK (1) | DK559777A (da) |
EG (1) | EG13244A (da) |
ES (1) | ES465263A1 (da) |
FR (1) | FR2399238A1 (da) |
GB (1) | GB2002013B (da) |
IT (1) | IT1096350B (da) |
LU (1) | LU78679A1 (da) |
NL (1) | NL7800033A (da) |
ZA (1) | ZA777015B (da) |
Families Citing this family (82)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4409203A (en) * | 1980-03-21 | 1983-10-11 | Del Laboratories, Inc. | Non-nitrocellulose non-formaldehyde or formaldehyde resin nail polish employing an acrylate resin as the film former |
FR2478998A1 (fr) | 1980-04-01 | 1981-10-02 | Oreal | Vernis a ongles anhydres |
CH638051A5 (fr) * | 1980-07-09 | 1983-08-31 | Labiol Sa | Procede de controle de l'effet hydratant d'un produit a appliquer sur la peau. |
FR2499851A1 (fr) * | 1981-02-18 | 1982-08-20 | Oreal | Nouveau vernis a ongles a base d'une resine contenant des motifs d'un vinylsulfonamide ou d'un ester ou amide insature de n,n-dialkylaminoalkyle |
CA1213523A (fr) * | 1981-02-18 | 1986-11-04 | Michel Guillon | Vernis a ongles anhydre a base d'une resine contenant des motifs d'un vinylsulfonamide ou d'un amide insature et des motifs d'un acrylate ou methacrylate d'alkyle |
JPS5839366A (ja) * | 1981-08-31 | 1983-03-08 | Fujitsu Ltd | デ−タ合成処理方式 |
LU83949A1 (fr) * | 1982-02-16 | 1983-09-02 | Oreal | Composition destinee au traitement des matieres keratiniques contenant au moins un polymere cationique et au moins un latex anionique |
CA1230198A (en) * | 1982-07-26 | 1987-12-08 | Joseph V. Koleske | High solids primer-guidecoats based on t-butyl acrylate and styrene |
CA1230199A (en) * | 1982-08-05 | 1987-12-08 | Joseph V. Koleske | Highly weatherable coatings |
US4608249A (en) * | 1982-11-02 | 1986-08-26 | Nitto Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Hydrophilic therapeutic material |
DE3247172A1 (de) * | 1982-12-21 | 1984-06-28 | Fa. A.W. Faber-Castell, 8504 Stein | Tintenfoermiger nagellack |
US4832944A (en) * | 1983-10-03 | 1989-05-23 | Revlon Inc. | Nail enamel containing silicone-coated pigments |
US4749564A (en) * | 1984-03-16 | 1988-06-07 | Chesebrough-Pond's, Inc. | Nail coating compositions having high pigment content and low viscosity |
US4712571A (en) * | 1984-06-29 | 1987-12-15 | Chesebrough-Pond's, Inc. | Nail polish compositions and means for applying same |
JPS61210020A (ja) * | 1985-03-15 | 1986-09-18 | Shiseido Co Ltd | 美爪料 |
JPS62111909A (ja) * | 1985-11-09 | 1987-05-22 | Shiseido Co Ltd | 美爪料 |
US4996043A (en) * | 1986-07-21 | 1991-02-26 | Equus Scientific Labs, Inc., West Coast Office | Advanced equine hoof preparation |
US4798720A (en) * | 1986-11-18 | 1989-01-17 | Holder William L | Nail polish drying composition |
US4844885A (en) * | 1987-04-08 | 1989-07-04 | Production Previews | Frangible capsules containing composition |
KR880013498A (ko) * | 1987-05-29 | 1988-12-21 | 소대섭 | 메니큐어용 필름의 성형장치 |
LU86924A1 (fr) * | 1987-06-19 | 1989-03-08 | Oreal | Vernis a ongles anhydres |
US5866104A (en) * | 1988-08-01 | 1999-02-02 | Cataneo; Robert | Nail polish remover |
US5206011A (en) * | 1989-02-16 | 1993-04-27 | Amalia Inc. | Quick-drying nail enamel compositions |
US5093108A (en) * | 1989-02-16 | 1992-03-03 | Amalia, Inc. | Quick-drying nail enamel compositions and method for coating a surface |
DE3911262A1 (de) * | 1989-04-07 | 1990-10-11 | Rotring Werke Riepe Kg | Waessriger nagellack |
DE3931237A1 (de) * | 1989-09-19 | 1990-06-21 | Rita Janda | Wasserverduennbarer nagellack |
JPH03133916A (ja) * | 1989-10-18 | 1991-06-07 | Kao Corp | 水系美爪料 |
US5508027A (en) * | 1991-01-28 | 1996-04-16 | Witbeck; Mickey | Process and composition for strengthening nails |
DE4108664C2 (de) * | 1991-03-16 | 1995-03-09 | Scheller Cosmetics Gmbh Dr | Nagellack und Verwendung desselben |
JPH0818950B2 (ja) † | 1992-05-01 | 1996-02-28 | 花王株式会社 | 化粧料 |
US5266322A (en) * | 1992-05-29 | 1993-11-30 | Eastman Kodak Company | Cosmetic film forming compositions |
US5284885A (en) * | 1992-09-29 | 1994-02-08 | Agri-Film, Inc. | Aqueous nitrocellulose compositions |
EP0605951B1 (en) * | 1992-11-24 | 1999-06-30 | Edge Biosystems, Inc. | A nail lacquer composition |
US5747018A (en) * | 1993-08-31 | 1998-05-05 | Vb Cosmetics Inc. | Nitrocellulose-free aqueous nail polish compositions |
US5380520A (en) * | 1993-09-02 | 1995-01-10 | Eastman Chemical Company | Cosmetic film forming compositions which are freeze-thaw stable |
US5716603A (en) * | 1995-06-20 | 1998-02-10 | Eastman Chemical Company | Aqueous nail polish compositions containing acrylic resins crosslinked with acrylated urethane oligomers |
FR2735975B1 (fr) † | 1995-06-27 | 1997-08-08 | Oreal | Composition cosmetique contenant un polymere filmogene, procede de preparation et utilisation |
US5972095A (en) * | 1995-11-17 | 1999-10-26 | Maybelline Cosmetics Corporation | Fast drying nail enamel composition and method |
US5925336A (en) * | 1995-12-29 | 1999-07-20 | Eastman Chemical Company | Aqueous nail coating composition containing copolymerized colorants |
EP0897399B1 (en) * | 1996-05-10 | 2002-01-02 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Acrylic polymer compounds |
US5772988A (en) * | 1996-05-10 | 1998-06-30 | Revlon Consumer Products Corporation | Nail enamel compositions from acetoacetoxy methacrylate copolymer |
US5785959A (en) * | 1996-08-16 | 1998-07-28 | Revlon Consumer Products Corporation | Nail strengthening compositions and a method for strengthening nails |
FR2755009B1 (fr) * | 1996-10-24 | 1998-11-27 | Bergerac Nc | Vernis a ongles aqueux |
US6017517A (en) * | 1996-12-18 | 2000-01-25 | The Dial Corporation | Method for treating human nails |
US5948419A (en) * | 1997-12-30 | 1999-09-07 | The Dumais Companies, L.L.C. | Aqueous-based nail coating composition |
US5922334A (en) * | 1998-05-06 | 1999-07-13 | Rohm And Haas Company | Aqueous nail coating composition |
AU4549599A (en) * | 1998-06-08 | 1999-12-30 | Kirker Enterprises, Inc. | Nail enamel compositions having decorative appearance |
FR2782268B1 (fr) | 1998-08-12 | 2001-09-07 | Oreal | Vernis-a-ongles aqueux a haute viscosite |
JP3051723B2 (ja) | 1998-10-15 | 2000-06-12 | 大成化工株式会社 | 水性美爪料の製造方法 |
FR2785532B1 (fr) | 1998-11-06 | 2000-12-15 | Oreal | Procede de maquillage des matieres keratiniques |
FR2786376B1 (fr) | 1998-11-27 | 2001-10-26 | Oreal | Pinceau de vernis a ongles et ensemble d'application de vernis a ongles muni d'un tel pinceau |
FR2790665A1 (fr) | 1999-03-11 | 2000-09-15 | Oreal | Composition et procede de maquillage en relief des matieres keratiniques |
FR2791560B1 (fr) | 1999-03-31 | 2003-03-07 | Oreal | Vernis a ongles a effet martele |
FR2791561B1 (fr) * | 1999-04-01 | 2003-03-07 | Oreal | Vernis a ongles comprenant une dispersion aqueuse de polymere |
DE19939326A1 (de) * | 1999-08-19 | 2001-02-22 | Basf Ag | Wässrige kosmetische Zusammensetzung |
FR2803743B1 (fr) * | 2000-01-14 | 2005-04-15 | Atofina | Compositions cosmetiques contenant des dispersions aqueuses de polymeres, filmogenes en l'absence de solvant organique |
US20020018759A1 (en) * | 2000-05-04 | 2002-02-14 | Pagano Frank Charles | Nail enamel compositions, related methods, and a two component kit for painting the nails |
US6391964B1 (en) * | 2000-10-02 | 2002-05-21 | Joseph John Tartaglia | Aqueous nail polish compositions |
FR2814944B1 (fr) | 2000-10-09 | 2002-12-20 | Oreal | Composition de maquillage |
US6998114B2 (en) | 2002-01-22 | 2006-02-14 | Eastman Chemical Company | Hair grooming formulations and methods for the use thereof |
US7619017B2 (en) | 2003-05-19 | 2009-11-17 | Wacker Chemical Corporation | Polymer emulsions resistant to biodeterioration |
US20050255061A1 (en) * | 2004-05-12 | 2005-11-17 | Fa Young Park | Dry nail polish applique and method of manufacturing same |
US8826917B2 (en) * | 2004-05-12 | 2014-09-09 | Park Global Holdings, Llc | Method and product for attaining a french manicure using a dry nail applique |
US8905044B2 (en) * | 2004-05-12 | 2014-12-09 | Fa Young Park | Multi-layered color-enhancing nail applique |
FR2889061B1 (fr) * | 2005-07-29 | 2008-05-23 | Oreal | Vernis a ongles comprenant un polymere bloc polyoxyethylene/ polyoxypropylene |
US20070025935A1 (en) * | 2005-07-29 | 2007-02-01 | L'oreal | Nail varnish containing a polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene block polymer |
FR2909844B1 (fr) * | 2006-12-14 | 2009-09-11 | Oreal | Stylo a pointe feutre pour le maquillage des ongles |
WO2009086407A2 (en) | 2007-12-28 | 2009-07-09 | Greatpoint Energy, Inc. | Steam generating slurry gasifier for the catalytic gasification of a carbonaceous feedstock |
US8492454B2 (en) * | 2009-10-05 | 2013-07-23 | Creative Nail Design, Inc. | Removable color layer for artificial nail coatings and methods therefore |
US8263677B2 (en) * | 2009-09-08 | 2012-09-11 | Creative Nail Design, Inc. | Removable color gel basecoat for artificial nail coatings and methods therefore |
US8541482B2 (en) * | 2009-10-05 | 2013-09-24 | Creative Nail Design, Inc. | Removable multilayer nail coating system and methods therefore |
WO2012061519A1 (en) | 2010-11-02 | 2012-05-10 | Innovative Cosmetic Concepts, Llc | Method and apparatus for enhancing uv gel nail application |
WO2012121704A1 (en) | 2011-03-07 | 2012-09-13 | Creative Nail Design, Inc. | Compositions and methods for uv-curable cosmetic nail coatings |
WO2014055351A1 (en) | 2012-10-01 | 2014-04-10 | Greatpoint Energy, Inc. | Agglomerated particulate low-rank coal feedstock and uses thereof |
CN104685039B (zh) | 2012-10-01 | 2016-09-07 | 格雷特波因特能源公司 | 附聚的颗粒状低煤阶煤原料及其用途 |
WO2014055365A1 (en) | 2012-10-01 | 2014-04-10 | Greatpoint Energy, Inc. | Use of contaminated low-rank coal for combustion |
KR101576781B1 (ko) | 2012-10-01 | 2015-12-10 | 그레이트포인트 에너지, 인크. | 응집된 미립자 저등급 석탄 공급원료 및 그의 용도 |
EP2742975A1 (de) * | 2012-12-14 | 2014-06-18 | Faber- Castell AG | Nagellack |
US9399010B2 (en) | 2013-03-07 | 2016-07-26 | Kirker Enterprises, Inc. | Nail enamel compositions having decorative voids |
EP3196249B1 (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2023-06-28 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | (meth)acrylate resin material, surface hardness enhancer, polycarbonate resin composition, and molded article |
CN112480314B (zh) * | 2020-12-04 | 2022-11-11 | 西安石油大学 | 水性可剥离指甲油用成膜物质及其制备方法 |
US20240285506A1 (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2024-08-29 | Esschem, Inc. | Acrylic nail enhancements |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2887116A (en) * | 1955-10-20 | 1959-05-19 | American Cyanamid Co | Treatment of keratinous material |
US2996432A (en) * | 1961-04-07 | 1961-08-15 | Modern Lab Inc | Skin treating composition and method |
GB1032367A (en) | 1962-05-02 | 1966-06-08 | Simoniz Co | Coating composition |
DE1492101A1 (de) * | 1964-12-18 | 1969-04-03 | Pfizer & Co C | Kosmetisches Praeparat |
US3697644A (en) * | 1966-10-18 | 1972-10-10 | Gillette Co | Cosmetic composition |
US3639572A (en) * | 1967-02-27 | 1972-02-01 | Pfizer & Co C | Eyeliner composition |
FR2012584A1 (en) * | 1968-07-09 | 1970-03-20 | Smith & Nephew | Surgical and other materials adhering to skin |
US3927203A (en) * | 1968-10-22 | 1975-12-16 | Hydron Ltd | Cosmetic compositions employing certain compolymers |
-
1977
- 1977-08-05 US US05/822,040 patent/US4158053A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1977-11-25 ZA ZA00777015A patent/ZA777015B/xx unknown
- 1977-11-30 CA CA292,050A patent/CA1085303A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-12-09 FR FR7737253A patent/FR2399238A1/fr active Granted
- 1977-12-12 LU LU78679A patent/LU78679A1/xx unknown
- 1977-12-12 BE BE1008570A patent/BE861728A/xx unknown
- 1977-12-15 DK DK559777A patent/DK559777A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1977-12-20 ES ES465263A patent/ES465263A1/es not_active Expired
- 1977-12-21 AR AR270454A patent/AR217665A1/es active
- 1977-12-23 DE DE19772757773 patent/DE2757773A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1977-12-28 EG EG726/77A patent/EG13244A/xx active
- 1977-12-30 JP JP16097777A patent/JPS5428836A/ja active Pending
-
1978
- 1978-01-02 NL NL787800033A patent/NL7800033A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1978-01-24 BR BR7800402A patent/BR7800402A/pt unknown
- 1978-01-24 AU AU32696/78A patent/AU512523B2/en not_active Expired
- 1978-05-26 IT IT23890/78A patent/IT1096350B/it active
- 1978-07-12 GB GB7829627A patent/GB2002013B/en not_active Expired
- 1978-07-28 EP EP78300207A patent/EP0000819A1/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
LU78679A1 (da) | 1978-04-17 |
GB2002013A (en) | 1979-02-14 |
EP0000819A1 (en) | 1979-02-21 |
CA1085303A (en) | 1980-09-09 |
IT1096350B (it) | 1985-08-26 |
BR7800402A (pt) | 1979-05-08 |
AU512523B2 (en) | 1980-10-16 |
AR217665A1 (es) | 1980-04-15 |
BE861728A (fr) | 1978-06-12 |
JPS5428836A (en) | 1979-03-03 |
GB2002013B (en) | 1982-05-12 |
US4158053A (en) | 1979-06-12 |
DE2757773A1 (de) | 1979-02-22 |
AU3269678A (en) | 1979-08-02 |
DK559777A (da) | 1979-02-06 |
ES465263A1 (es) | 1978-09-16 |
ZA777015B (en) | 1979-06-27 |
EG13244A (en) | 1980-12-31 |
IT7823890A0 (it) | 1978-05-26 |
FR2399238A1 (fr) | 1979-03-02 |
FR2399238B1 (da) | 1981-06-19 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
NL7800033A (nl) | Waterige bekledingsmengsels met een emulsie- polymeer, in het bijzonder voor nagels. | |
BE848751A (fr) | Werkwijze en inrichting voor het vervaardigen van een schijf met integrale schoepen, | |
NL188544C (nl) | Reagens voor immunochemische analysemethoden, uitgevoerd in aanwezigheid van een waterige vloeistof. | |
NL7600148A (nl) | Werkwijze voor het doen circuleren van media in een boorput, alsmede een inrichting voor het uitvoeren van deze werkwijze. | |
NL172551C (nl) | Werkwijze voor de bereiding van een olefinepolymeer en voorwerpen, vervaardigd onder toepassing van het aldus bereide polymeer. | |
NL7710711A (nl) | Electrochemische inrichting, alsmede een werk- wijze voor het vormen daarvan. | |
NL7810650A (nl) | Laminaatbaan zonder einde, alsmede werkwijze voor het vervaardigen daarvan. | |
NL7801808A (nl) | Werkwijze voor het bereiden van een copolymeer- emulsie. | |
NL7802248A (nl) | Tetrahydrofuranether-derivaten, werkwijze voor het bereiden ervan alsmede toepassing ervan als herbicide. | |
NL7710322A (nl) | Inrichting voor het elektrostatisch opbrengen van in het bijzonder in water verdunde verfstof- fen. | |
NL7709072A (nl) | Waterig bekledingsmengsel en werkwijze voor de toepassing ervan. | |
NL7807852A (nl) | Venster, in het bijzonder venster voor een gebouw met een buitenruit. | |
NL7700143A (nl) | Geacyleerde triazolyl-o,n-acetalen, werkwijzen voor het bereiden ervan en toepassing ervan als fungicide. | |
NL7700366A (nl) | Houder voor planten, en toepassing van de houder als bouwelement voor een muur. | |
NL7610396A (nl) | Werkwijze voor het ontkleuren van een waterige oplossing. | |
NL7601007A (nl) | Werkwijze voor het elektroforetisch bekleden van een voorwerp met een emaillaag, alsmede het al- dus beklede voorwerp. | |
NL7800640A (nl) | Transporteur, in het bijzonder voor een narijs- kast. | |
NL7707390A (nl) | Werkwijze voor het bereiden van schuimkunst- stoffen met een verbeterd brandgedrag. | |
NL7612903A (nl) | Werkwijze en inrichting voor het verhitten van een werkstuk, alsmede het door de werkwijze verkregen werkstuk. | |
NL7503921A (nl) | Werkwijze voor het bepalen van acute giftigheid in een waterige vloeistof, alsmede inrichting voor het uitvoeren van de werkwijze. | |
NL7811719A (nl) | Stabilisator voor een immunochemisch reagens. | |
NL7713999A (nl) | Deurconstructie, in het bijzonder voor het afsluiten van een woning. | |
NL184008C (nl) | Polyalkeenfoelie, geschikt voor het afdekken van cultuurgrond. | |
BE860449A (fr) | Inrichting voor het volgens een bepaald patroon gerangschikt plaatsen van voorwerpen, in het bijzonder flessen in een verpakking | |
NL189543C (nl) | Hooimachine, bestemd voor het vormen van zwaden. |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
BV | The patent application has lapsed |