NL2032360B1

NL2032360B1 - Method for improving lodging resistance of flax

Info

Publication number: NL2032360B1
Application number: NL2032360A
Authority: NL
Inventors: Zhang Qiannan; Cao Xiuxia; Zhang Wei; Luan Yong; Yang Zhiwei; Qian Aiping
Original assignee: Guyuan Branch Of Ningxia Acad Of Agricultural And Forestry Sciences
Priority date: 2022-07-04
Filing date: 2022-07-04
Publication date: 2023-03-28

Abstract

Disclosed is a method for improving lodging resistance of flax. The method comprises: growth evaluation: comprehensively evaluating growth of the flax in a rapid growth stage; medicament preparation: dissolving uniconazole with anhydrous alcohol firstly, and then blending the solution with water according to a certain concentration; application stage: selecting a bud stage of the flax, and selecting an optimal application stage after flax plants are in the bud stage; and medicament application: selecting a sunny and windless morning or afternoon, and uniformly spraying the uniconazole with a sprayer. Compared with a lodging resistant breeding method, the method of the present invention can rapidly reduce heights of flax plants, shorten branches of the flax plants, improve a colony structure, thicken stems and roots of the flax plants, enhance the lodging resistance and make a yield - increasing effect significant. In the present invention, in a squaring stage, after 100 mg/kg uniconazole is applied, the flax plants are dwarfed; the stem thickness, a fruit number per plant and a thousand grain weight are increased; the yield effect is significant; and the yield of the flax is increased by 27.83% compared with a control.

Description

METHOD FOR IMPROVING LODGING RESISTANCE OF FLAX

Technical Field

The present invention belongs to the technical field of chemical control on crops, and particularly relates to a method for improving the lodging resistance of flax.

Background

A chemical control technology is a cultivation technology of regulating growth and development of crops by employing a series of plant growth regulators (PGRs). The chemical control effect of the PGRs on growth and development of the crops is exerted through 3 ways of a change in an endogenous hormonal system, interaction between the PGRs and endogenous hormones and regulation in endogenous hormones. In this system, the application of chemical regulators has two most important functions: firstly, trait modifications, such as changing high stalks into short stalks, changing late maturity into early maturity, and adopting good points while avoiding shortcomings, are conducted on the crops, so that the potencies of improved varieties are exerted to the maximum; and secondly, general growth and development patterns of the crops in adverse situations are changed, for example, the crops do not vigorously grow when being closely planted and being in rainy days, so that the effects of fertilizers and water may be more fully and effectively exerted.

A basis of the crop chemical control technology is cooperation between a chemical process and an agronomic technology. With the deepening of biological fundamental researches and the deepening of researches on regulation effect of plant endogenous hormones on the crops and on relationship between the plant endogenous hormones and an external environment, development of chemical processes will be permeated and affected, and then target selection and synthesis of growth active substances of plants can be more effective. Therefore, strengthening application researches of the chemical control technology on crop cultivation is of great significance to solve and overcome the problems of the varieties in production, establish and perfect a high - yield, high - quality and efficient crop cultivation technology system, fully exert the yield increasing potential of the varieties and guarantee the food safety in China.

At present, there are mainly three methods for solving the lodging problem of flax in China and abroad. The first method is to select a variety with short branches, a compact plant type, a small stem dividing amount, a moderate plant height and rapid accumulation of dry matters in earlier stage, which may reduce the lodging degree to a certain degree, improve a colony structure and obtain high yield. The second method is to strengthen the lodging resistance through a cultivation method, wherein discovered from researches by Shuangen Chen et al., the lodging resistance of the flax may be significantly improved through tillage measures of ridge ploughing and the like; and discovered from researches by Zhenni Gao et al., with moderate increased application of a nitrogen fertilizer, the activity of lignin biosynthetic enzymes of stems of the flax can be improved, and the lodging resistance is strengthened. The third method is to alleviate the lodging of the flax by using a medicament mepiquat chloride to control the heights and canopy structures of flax plants. However, due to very complex lodging reasons, which depend on hereditary characters in nature and are also related to environmental conditions and cultivation measures, of the flax, it will be very difficult to synthesize various excellent traits into one variety, and a quantitative trait cannot be stable within a short term, which will result in significant increase in breeding cycle. Ridge ploughing and increased application of the nitrogen fertilizer for resisting lodging are poor in operability in the production link of the flax and are difficult to be popularized and applied in production. Since the flax has poor sensibility to mepiquat chloride, the application amount of the mepiquat chloride in production is increased. The residual risk of the mepiquat chloride increases environmental pollution, and the production cost may also be increased correspondingly.

Uniconazole (S - 3307), which has a scientific name of (E) - 1 - (4 - chlorophenyl) - 2 - (1,2,4 - triazol - 1 - yl) - 4,4 - dimethyl - 1 - pontene - 3 - ol, is dissolved into organic solvents such as acetone, methanol and chloroform. The uniconazole was launched by Sumitomo Division Cables in the early 1980s. It is widely believed that the uniconazole is an inhibiting substance biologically synthesized by GA3 in the crops and has an effect pathway of hindering oxidation of C19 methyl groups of kaurene and inhibiting or blocking biosynthesis of GA3 from three acting points.

Discovered from researches, a regulation mechanism of the uniconazole to growth of rice seedlings is mainly to regulate a content of endogenous hormones in plants. A physiological basis of increasing grain weights by applying the uniconazole is mainly as follows: the assimilation ability of leaves is improved; transfer of photosynthates of the leaves to panicles is promoted; the transfer amount of the photosynthates to roots is increased to keep the root activity in the ripe stage; and thus the source of grain filling substances is increased.

As a novel plant growth regulator, since the uniconazole is capable of controlling cyclization sites and oxidation sites in a biosynthetic pathway of gibberellin, effectively inhibiting biosynthesis of GA3, building plant types, lowering heights of plants, improving the lodging resistance and having the advantages of high bioactivity, safety use and the like, the uniconazole is widely applied to crops such as common buckwheat, Chinese herbal medicines, rice, soybeans, oilseed rapes and wheat. The using methods of the uniconazole are seed soaking, waterless seed dressing and foliage spraying. Lifen Chen et al. believe from researches that with the uniconazole, plant heights of Tartary buckwheat can be obviously lowered, and thicknesses of stems are significantly increased. Qian Zhang et al. believe from researches that by using a uniconazole microemulsion, for the rice, plant heights and heights of centres of gravity of stalks can be significantly lowered; internode lengths of bases are shortened; and thicknesses of stems are increased. Wanzhuo Gong et al. believe from researches that with the uniconazole, for the soybeans, plant heights can be lowered; thicknesses of stems are increased; internode lengths are shortened; and the lodging resistance is significant.

According to document retrieval, no method for improving the lodging resistance and increasing the grain yield of the flax by applying the uniconazole has been applied in production currently.

Summary

The present invention aims at providing a method for improving lodging resistance of flax, so as to solve the problem of applying a method for improving the lodging resistance and increasing the grain yield of the flax by using uniconazole in production.

The present invention is implemented as follows: a method for improving the lodging resistance of flax is provided, comprising the following steps:

Growth evaluation: comprehensively evaluating growth of the flax in a rapid growth stage, wherein a period of days 30 - 45 after emergency of the flax is the rapid growth stage, growth in the field is evaluated with plant heights and a seedling survival amount as a basis; and if the seedling survival amount is greater than 4.5 million/hectare, and the plant heights are greater than 35 cm, the method should be selected for use.

Medicament preparation: calculating a dosage of used uniconazole according to 450 kg/hectare medicament liquid; then dissolving the uniconazole with 100 ml of anhydrous alcohol; then blending the uniconazole with water according to a concentration of 100 mg/kg; and finally, adding an organosilicon surfactant according to a mass ratio of organosilicon to the medicament liquid of 1:5000.

Application stage: a bud stage of the flax is an optimal application stage; and a judgment standard for the bud stage of the flax is that flower buds of 50% flax plants are investigated to appear at a later period in the rapid growth stage of the flax.

Medicament application: selecting a sunny and windless morning {8:00 - 11:00 am) or afternoon (3:00 - 6:00 pm), and uniformly spraying the uniconazole with a manual sprayer or other spraying facilities, wherein if there is rainy and foggy weather within 24 h after medicament application, the medicament may be sprayed again after 3 days.

Further, a comprehensive evaluation standard for growth of the flax is: the seedling survival amount of the flax is greater than 4.5 million/hectare, and the plant heights are greater than 35 cm.

Further, in medicament preparation, the uniconazole is blended with the water into a concentration of 100 mg/kg.

Further, in the application stage, a stage within 3 days after 50% flax plants are in the bud stage is the optimal application stage.

Further, in medicament application, the dosage of the uniconazole with a concentration of 100 mg/kg is 450 kg per hectare, and the uniconazole is uniformly sprayed with the sprayer.

The flax is fine and weak in stalk and large in canopy as a kind of closely planted crops. If encountering windy and rainy weather in a late growth stage, the flax is easily subjected to root lodging, which results in lowering in yield and quality. It is a prominent problem of restricting development of the flax industry that mechanical operation cannot be conducted. In the present invention, by using the uniconazole as a chemical control agent and a matched use method, the heights of the flax plants may be effectively and obviously lowered; first - order branches are significantly shortened; the yield per plant, a fruit number per plant and a thousand grain weight of the flax plants are increased while growth of the heights of the flax plants is inhibited; and the yield is significantly increased. After the uniconazole is applied, an individual flax plant vigorously grows; the colony structure of the flax is more reasonable; and meanwhile, leaves of the flax are strong green, and areas of the leaves and the thicknesses of the stems are obviously increased, which have a close relationship with increase in yield.

Compared with a lodging resistance breeding method, by using the method of the present invention, the heights of the flax plants may be rapidly lowered to 7.23 - 16.46 cm; branches of the flax plants may be shortened by 8.24 - 10.75 cm; the colony structure may be improved; stems of the flax plants may be thickened by 0.2 - 0.6 mm compared with a control, and roots may be thickened by 0.1 - 0.7 mm; the breaking - resistant strength is strengthened by 0.39 - 1.37 N; and the yield - increasing effect is significant, and the yield may be increased by 27.83% to the maximum.

In the prior art, ridge ploughing and increased application of a nitrogen fertilizer for resisting lodging are poor in operability in the production link of the flax in dry lands and are difficult to be popularized and applied in production. Compared with the mepiquat chloride chemical control technology, in the prior art, an applicable concentration of the mepiquat chloride is 30 - 60 g/kg, and an applicable concentration of the uniconazole is 50 - 125 mg/kg. As the flax has poor sensibility to the mepiquat chloride to cause increased application amount of the mepiquat chloride in production, the residual risk of the mepiquat chloride is caused to increase environmental pollution, and the production cost can also be increased correspondingly.

In the present invention, in a squaring stage, after 100 mg/kg uniconazole is applied, the flax plants are dwarfed; the stem thickness, the fruit number per plant and the thousand grain weight are increased; the yield effect is significant; and the yield of the flax is increased by 27.83% compared with the control.

Description of Drawings

Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for improving lodging resistance of flax provided by the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention is further described below in detail in combination with embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are for illustrating and explaining the present invention merely, but not used for limiting the resent invention.

The application principle of the present invention is further described below in combination with the drawings and the specific embodiments. 5 As shown in Fig. 1, a method for improving lodging resistance of flax is provided, comprising the following steps:

S101: growth evaluation: comprehensively evaluating growth of the flax in a rapid growth stage;

S102: medicament preparation: dissolving uniconazole with anhydrous alcohol firstly, and then blending the solution with water according to a certain concentration;

S103: application stage: selecting a bud stage of the flax, and selecting an optimal application stage after flax plants are in the bud stage;

S104: medicament application: selecting a sunny and windless morning or afternoon, and uniformly spraying the uniconazole with a sprayer.

A comprehensive evaluation standard for growth of the flax is: the seedling survival amount of the flax is greater than 4.5 million/hectare, and plant heights are greater than 35 cm.

In medicament preparation, the uniconazole is blended with the water into a concentration of 100 mg/kg.

In the application stage, a stage within 3 days after 50% flax plants are in the bud stage is the optimal application stage.

In medicament application, the dosage of the uniconazole with the concentration of 100 mg/kg is 450 kg per hectare, and the uniconazole is uniformly sprayed with the sprayer.

The present invention will be further described below in combination with specific analysis.

In growth evaluation, a period of days 30 - 45 after emergency of the flax is the rapid growth stage, growth in the field is evaluated with plant heights and a seedling survival amount as a basis; and if the seedling survival amount is greater than 4.5 million/hectare, and the plant heights are greater than 35 cm, the method should be selected for use.

Medicament preparation: the dosage of the used uniconazole is calculated according to 450 kg/hectare medicament liquid; then the uniconazole is dissolved with 100 ml of anhydrous alcohol; then the uniconazole is blended with the water according to the concentration of 100 mg/kg; and finally, the organosilicon surfactant is added according to the mass ratio of the organosilicon to the medicament liquid of 1 : 5000.

In the application stage, the bud stage of the flax is the optimal application stage; and a judgment standard for the bud stage of the flax is that the flower buds of 50% flax plants are investigated to appear at the later period in the rapid growth stage of the flax.

Medicament application: a sunny and windless morning (8:00 - 11:00 am) or afternoon (3:00 - 6:00 pm) is selected, and the uniconazole are uniformly sprayed with a manual sprayer or other spraying facilities, wherein if there is rainy and foggy weather within 24 h after medicament application, the medicament may be sprayed again after 3 days.

The flax is fine and weak in stalk and large in canopy as a kind of closely planted crops. If encountering windy and rainy weather in a late growth stage, the flax is easily subjected to root lodging, which results in lowering in yield and quality. It is a prominent problem of restricting development of the flax industry that mechanical operation cannot be conducted. In the present invention, by using the uniconazole as a chemical control agent and a matched use method, the heights of flax plants may be effectively and obviously lowered; first - order branches are significantly shortened, the yield per plant, a fruit number per plant and a thousand grain weight of the flax plants are increased while growth of the heights of the flax plants is inhibited; and the yield is significantly increased. After the uniconazole is applied, an individual flax plant vigorously grows; the colony structure of the flax is more reasonable; and meanwhile, leaves of the flax are strong green, and areas of the leaves and the thicknesses of the stems are obviously increased, which have a close relationship with increase in yield.

Compared with a lodging resistant breeding method, by using the method of the present invention, heights of the flax plants may be rapidly lowered; branches of the flax plants may be shortened; the colony structure may be improved; stems and roots of the flax plants may be thickened; the lodging resistance may be improved; and the yield - increasing effect is significant.

The present invention is further described below in combination with specific examples.

In a pot experiment, the concentration of the uniconazole is 75 mg/kg; the uniconazole is sprayed on leaf surfaces in a seedling stage, an elatocladus stage, the squaring stage, an initial flowering stage, the seedling stage plus the elatocladus stage and the seedling stage plus the initial flowering stage; and after plants ripen, seeds are selected to determine the heights of the plants and lengths of first - order branches.

Results show that by spraying the uniconazole for one time in the squaring stage, the plant heights are significantly lowered and are lowered by 14.79 cm compared with the control.

Secondly, with treatment of spraying the uniconazole for one time in each of the seedling stage and the squaring stage, the plant heights are lowered by 9.83 cm; and with treatment of spraying the uniconazole for one time in the seedling stage, the plant heights are lowered by 1.62 cm to the minimum and have a little difference from those of the control. The effect results of spraying the uniconazole on the leaf surfaces on the first - order branches are substantially consistent to those of spraying the uniconazole on the leaf surfaces on the plant heights. By spraying the uniconazole in the squaring stage, the first - order branches are shortened by 10.75 cm with a lowering amplitude in an order that squaring stage (10.75 cm) > seedling stage plus squaring stage (8.24 cm) > seedling stage plus initial flowering stage(4.64 cm) > elatocladus stage (3.83 cm) > initial flowering stage (3.24 cm) > seedling stage (2.03 cm). Therefore, a growth and development stage, in which the flax is sensitive to the uniconazole, is the squaring stage; and by spraying the uniconazole in the squaring stage, the lowering amplitudes of the heights and the lengths of the first - order branches of the flax plants are the most significant.

In field experiment design, the concentrations of the uniconazole in various treatments are 0 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 75 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, 125 mg/ kg and 150 mg/kg; before spraying, a plate is hung in each zone to mark 20 uniformly growing flax plants, and the plant heights are measured; and after the flax plants ripen, seeds are selected, and the yield is measured. The plant heights are gradually lowered with the increase in concentration of the uniconazole, wherein with treatment with the uniconazole with the concentration of 150 mg/kg, the plant heights are lowered by 16.46 cm to the maximum. The stem thicknesses, the root thicknesses, the breaking - resistant strength of the roots, an effective branching amount, the fruit amount per plant, a seed number per pod, a thousand grain weight and the yield are all in a trend of being increased firstly and then reduced wholly with the increase in concentration of the uniconazole, wherein with treatment with the uniconazole with the concentration of 100 mg/kg, the increase amplitude of the yield is maximal, and the yield is increased by 27.83% compared with the control. Through comprehensive analysis with yield structure components, in the squaring stage, after 100 mg/kg uniconazole is applied, the flax plants are dwarfed; the stem thickness, the fruit number per plant and the thousand grain weight are increased; and the yield effect is significant.

The above only describes preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and the principle of the present invention shall be contained within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

CONCLUSIONS

CLAIMS 1. A method for improving flax resistance to flattening, which method comprises the following steps: - growth evaluation: comprehensive evaluation of the growth of the flax in a rapid growth phase; — preparation of the medicinal product: first dissolving uniconazole in anhydrous alcohol, then mixing the solution with water to a certain concentration; — application stage: choosing an optimal application stage after the flax plants are in a bud stage; — application of the drug: selection of a sunny and windless morning or afternoon, and even spraying of the uniconazole with a sprayer.

The method for improving the resistance of flax to lay flat according to claim 1, wherein in the evaluation of the growth of the flax, a plant height of more than 35 cm and a seedling survival rate of more than 4.5 million/hectare are taken as evaluation basis is taken for the growth of the flax in the rapid growth stage on days 30 - 45 after the emergence of the flax.

The method for improving the resistance of flax to lay flat according to claim 1, wherein the preparation of the drug comprises: calculating a dosage of applied uniconazole according to 450 kg/hectare of drug liquid,; then dissolving the uniconazole with 100 ml of anhydrous alcohol; then mixing the uniconazole with the water at a concentration of 100 mg/kg; and finally adding an organosilicon surfactant at a mass ratio of organosilicon to drug liquid of 1:5000.

The method for improving the resistance of flax to lay flat according to claim 1, wherein the application stage is in a later period of the rapid growth stage of the flax, the stage within 3 days after the bud stage in which flower buds of 50% of the flax plants to appear.

The method for improving the resistance of flax to lay flat according to claim 1, wherein at application of the drug, the amount of uniconazole applied is 450 kg per hectare at a concentration of 100 mg/kg.