NL2026696B1 - Assessment method for gray water footprint of watersheds and formulation method for management strategies of water environment - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention provides an assessment method for grey water footprint of watersheds and a formulation method for management strategies of a water environment. The assessment method for the grey water footprint includes: according to basic data of the watersheds, dividing a to-be-assessed watershed into assessment units; calculating and analysing locations of various pollution sources and inflow pollution load processes in each assessment unit to obtain the load discharge amount of various pollution sources; for point-source and non-point-source sewage inflow loads of each assessment unit, according to different sewage discharge ways and pollutant migration and reduction equations, establishing a grey water footprint calculation model; determining calculation parameters of the grey water footprint according to an upstream and downstream relationship of the watersheds and differentiation of water quality targets; and according to the calculation parameters of the grey water footprint and the grey water footprint calculation model, calculating the amount of various grey water footprints of the to-be-assessed unit. The assessment method for the grey water footprint of the watersheds provided by the present invention effectively represents a discharge impact of pollution loads at small temporalspatial scales on local water environment, and supports the application of refined and scientific water environment management.
Description
FORMULATION METHOD FOR MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES OF WATER ENVIRONMENT Technical Field The present invention belongs to the field of water environment protection, and particularly relates to an assessment method for grey water footprint of watersheds and a formulation method for management strategies of a water environment. Background Grey water footprint (GWF) is an index related to water pollution and represents the environmental impact of economic and social pollution discharge on rivers, lakes and other water bodies. The grey water footprint is generally defined as the volume of fresh water required to dilute a certain pollution load to be higher than a certain environmental water quality standard based on the natural background concentration and the existing water environmental quality standard. Therefore, the assessment of the grey water footprint quantifies the impact of pollution load discharge on the water bodies into the water volume, which can quantitatively evaluate the consumption of the pollutant holding capacity of natural water bodies caused by pollution discharge, and can more intuitively reflect the stress of pollution discharge on the water environment.
At present, the calculation of the grey water footprint mainly carries out macro-quantitative analysis on large-scale areas, does not consider the management requirements of different water quality targets from the systematic perspective of catchment areas, and does not give sufficient consideration to the mechanism of a river water pollution process under the discharge conditions of different pollution sources, which influences the scientificity and practicability of footprint assessment results, thereby making it difficult to support the application of the integrated water- land water environment control.
Summary Therefore, the present invention provides a watershed grey water footprint assessment method and a water environment management strategy formulation method, which overcomes defects in the prior art that the grey water footprint is not measured from the perspective of watershed systematicness and spatial differences of water quality control targets, and the mechanism of water pollution process under discharge conditions of different pollution sources is insufficiently considered.
In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide an assessment method for grey water footprint of watersheds, which comprises: acquiring basic data of a to-be-assessed watershed, and dividing the to-be-assessed watershed into different assessment units according to the basic data; calculating and analysing locations of various pollution sources and inflow pollution load processes in each assessment unit, and acquiring load discharge amount of various pollution sources; according to different pollution discharge ways and pollutant migration and reduction equations, establishing a grey water footprint calculation model for point-source and non-point-source pollution discharge inflow loads of each assessment unit; according to an upstream and downstream relationship of the watershed and differentiation of water quality targets, determining calculation parameters of the grey water footprint, and according to the calculation parameters of the grey water footprint and the grey water footprint calculation model, calculating the amount of each grey water footprint of the to-be-assessed unit. In one embodiment, the basic data of the to-be-assessed watershed includes spatial data, pollution data and hydrological data.
In one embodiment, the calculation and analysis target for the locations of various pollution sources and inflow pollution load processes in each assessment unit includes the calculation of point-source load and calculation of non-point-source load.
In one embodiment, the grey water footprint calculation model of the river-type assessment unit is expressed through the following formula: DW = EWE + Teer GWE, In the formula, GWF is a total amount of grey water footprint of the assessment unit; GWFm is an amount of grey water footprint generated by the discharge of mf!’ point source (totally a point sources) of the assessment unit; and GWF, is an amount of grey water footprint generated by the discharge of the nf" non-point source (totally b non-point sources).
In one embodiment, the grey water footprint generated by the point-source discharge and non-point-source discharge of the river-type assessment unit is calculated through the following formula: vera pp lg MN | GWE, = rt In the formula, Cs is a target concentration of pollutants for water quality management of a control section; x is a distance from the control section to an upstream reference section or from the control section to a river section at anm" point-source outlet; k is a comprehensive attenuation coefficient of pollutants, u is a designed average flow velocity of a reach; C, is a pollutant concentration in water from the upstream of the reference section; Qui is a sewage discharge amount of the m™ point source; Cm: is a pollutant concentration discharged from the m™" point source; and Mn is a pollutant load of the n!" non-point source discharged on two sides of the reach.
In one embodiment, the grey water footprint of a lake-type assessment unit is calculated through the following formula:
vi | In the formula, GWFL is an amount of grey water footprint of the lake assessment unit; Cs is a target concentration of water quality control of the pollutants of a lake control section; Ce is a water quality concentration of a pollution source flowing into lake reservoirs; k is a comprehensive attenuation coefficient of pollutants; and Q is a flow rate of a pollution source flowing into the lake reservoirs.
In one embodiment, according to the upstream and downstream relationship of the watershed and the differentiation of the water quality targets, determining the calculation parameters of the grey water footprint includes: determining a concentration of pollutants of the control section in water environment quality standard, determining a background concentration of pollutants in the water from the upstream of the reference section, determining the comprehensive attenuation coefficient of the pollutants, determining the distance from the control section to the reference section or to a point-source sewage inlet, and determining the designed average flow velocity of the reach.
In one embodiment, the concentration of pollutants of the control section in water environment quality standard is calculated through the following formula: Cs = (Cdown-s- Co) / Adown X ak + Cio, In the formula, Adown is a total area of a catchment area of a nearest downstream control section; a is an area of the present assessment unit; Caon-s is a water quality standard concentration of the nearest downstream control section; Ce is a background pollution of pollutants on the reference section of the upstream assessment unit; and Cs is a background concentration of pollutants on the reference section of the present assessment unit.
In one embodiment, the background concentration of pollutants in the water from the upstream of the reference section is calculated through the following formula: Cy = Lim Ae Cas Zes de
In the formula, Ae is an area of a catchment area of each influx section next to the upstream; Ces is a water quality standard concentration of the influx control section next to the upstream; and E is the number of influx sections next to the upstream.
In a second aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a formulation method for management strategies of a water environment. According to calculation results of the grey water footprint obtained by the assessment method for the grey water footprint of the watersheds described in the first aspect of embodiments of the present invention, structural and spatial- temporal distribution characteristics of the grey water footprint of the watersheds are analysed, the type of pollution sources and spatial-temporal distribution thereof are identified, and the management strategies for the water environment of the watershed are formulated.
The technical solutions of the present have the following advantages:
1. The assessment method for the grey water footprint of the watersheds provided by the present invention considers the differentiation of the management target of water quality sections in the watershed from the perspective of water-land systematicness of the watershed, and divides the assessment spatial units, which sets a foundation for calculating the grey water footprint of the assessment units under differentiated water quality target concentrations. The assessment results can effectively reflect the grey water footprint process of the spatial unit with different water quality target requirements, thereby providing reference to the partitioned management of the water environment with water-land integration and spatial differentiation.
2. The assessment method for the grey water footprint of the watersheds provided by the present invention makes the calculation of the grey water footprint consider the migration and conversion mechanism of various pollution source loads, thereby improving the scientificity and practicability of the assessment results. According to different pollution discharge ways and pollutant migration and reduction equations, the grey water footprint measurement relationship between different types of pollution discharge loads and water quality concentrations of the control section is established, the partitioned calculation model method of the watershed grey water footprint is proposed to quantify the grey water footprint generated by various types of pollution (point-source and non-point source) load discharges, thereby providing technical support to formulate refined water environment management measures.
Description of Drawings In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in specific embodiments of the present invention or in the prior art, drawings used in the specific embodiments or the description of the prior art are simply described below. Apparently, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention. For those ordinary skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained without creative effort according to these drawings.
Fig. 1 is a flow diagram of an example of an assessment method for grey water footprint of watersheds provided by embodiments of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of boundaries and serial numbers of divided watershed assessment spatial units provided by embodiments of the present invention.
5 Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of grey water footprint discharged by river-channel point- source and non-point-source discharge of river channel assessment units provided by embodiments of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the grey water footprint of any pollution source input of lake assessment units provided by embodiments of the present invention. Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a water quality control section added to a watershed provided by embodiments of the present invention. Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of generation of a watershed grey water footprint assessment unit provided by embodiments of the present invention. Fig. 7 is a comparison diagram of a total amount and structures of grey water footprint of each river-type assessment unit of a watershed provided by embodiments of the present invention. Fig. 8 is a comparison schematic diagram of the grey water footprint structures of lake- reservoir assessment units of a watershed provided by embodiments of the present invention. Detailed Description Technical solutions of the present invention are clearly and completely described below in combination with accompanying drawings. Apparently, the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. Based on embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort fall within the protection scope of the present invention. In addition, technical features involved in different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined if there is no contradiction. Embodiment 1 The present embodiment provides an assessment method for grey water footprint of watersheds, which is suitable for quantitatively assessing the grey water footprint of the watersheds. As shown in Fig. 1, the assessment method includes the following steps: Step S1: basic data of a to-be-assessed watershed is obtained, and the to-be-assessed watershed is divided into assessment units according to the basic data. In the embodiment of the present invention, for a river catchment area, according to DEM data, water system and locations of water quality sections in the watershed, a sub-watershed division module tool of ArcSWAT software is utilized to divide the assessed watershed into assessment spatial units comprehensively considering the watershed water confluence law and target assessment of sections according to the catchment areas. Specifically, DEM raster data, water system and lake vector data are inputted to a DEM setup module to define and generate a river network to obtain water system distribution and confluence nodes of trunk and branch streams. Further, in an outlet and inlet definition module, referring to locations of water quality monitoring control sections in the watershed in ArcGIS, sub-watershed outlet nodes are added, a watershed outlet is selected to divide and number sub-watershed assessment units to form a division result of the assessment spatial units as shown in Fig. 2. Further, a GIS spatial geometric analysis tool is utilized to calculate an area and reach length of each assessment unit.
Step S2: locations of various pollution sources and inflow pollution load processes in each assessment unit are calculated and analysed to obtain load discharge amount of various pollution sources.
In the embodiment of the present invention, according to the divided assessment units, the locations of various pollution sources and the inflow pollution load processes are calculated one by one. In each assessment unit, the type of pollution sources includes various pollution sources of point sources (tail water of urban sewage treatment plants, waste water of industrial enterprises, sewage from large-scale farms, etc.) and non-point sources (urban runoff, agricultural runoff, rural life, scattered breeding, etc.). The load discharge amount of various pollution sources can be obtained by methods such as data statistical analysis, field monitoring, etc.
Step S3: a grey water footprint calculation model is established for the point-source and non- point-source sewage inflow loads of various assessment units according to different pollution discharge ways and pollutant migration and reduction equations.
In the embodiment of the present invention, for the river-type assessment unit, the type of inflow pollution sources includes point sources and non-point sources. The refined grey water footprint calculation model is established respectively according to the point-source and non-point source pollution discharge ways and river-channel pollutant migration and reduction equations. For the lake-reservoir assessment unit, the type of pollution sources flowing into lake reservoirs includes river influx, and lakeshore point sources and non-point sources. The amount of the grey water footprint of the pollution source input is quantified with the water volume required by the lakes. Assuming that the input and output water volume of the lake reservoirs reaches a stable condition, the grey water footprint calculation model is established according to a zero-dimension water quality equation of the lake reservoirs.
Step S4: according to an upstream and downstream relationship of the watershed and differentiation of water quality targets, calculation parameters of the grey water footprint are determined.
In the embodiment of the present invention, by considering the upstream and downstream relationship of the watershed and the differentiation of water quality targets, the calculation parameters of the grey water footprint are determined.
Step S5: according to the calculation parameters of the grey water footprint and the grey water footprint calculation model, the amount of various grey water footprints of the to-be- assessed unit is calculated.
In the embodiment of the present invention, for the river-type assessment unit, the amount of various grey water footprints of the to-be-assessed unit is calculated according to the grey water footprint calculation model established on the basis of the point-source and non-point- source pollution discharge ways and river-channel pollutant migration and reduction equations as well as the calculation parameters determined by considering the upstream and downstream relationship of the watershed and the differentiation of the water quality targets. For the lake- reservoir assessment unit, according to the grey water footprint calculation model established by the zero-dimension equation of lake reservoirs and the calculation parameters determined by considering the upstream and downstream relationship of the watershed and the differentiation of the water quality targets, the amount of various grey water footprints of the to-be-assessed unit is calculated.
In one embodiment, the basic data of the to-be-assessed watershed includes spatial data, pollution data and hydrological data. The basic data used in the present embodiment is specifically shown in the following table:
River length of the assessment unit, and river length from each Division data results of point-source inflow assessment spatial units and GIS|Numerical value (m) / geometric calculation Spatial section to control data section Locations of control [Environmental statistics data or sections for river-lake [field investigation Numerical value (longitude water quality and latitude) monitoring Approval results of sewage Numerical value: flow rate Point-source load (discharge loads (including flow |(m®/s), concentration rate and concentration) (mg/L) / Approval results of sewage Numerical value: load data (md/s), concentration Background concentration of source water of each [Field monitoring Numerical value (mg/L) trunk and branch stream Water quality Inquire management targets of Numerical value (mg/L) standard of control water functional areas sections Historical monitoring data of Daily numerical value in Hydrologic Flow velocity and adjacent hydrological stations: (multiple years, river-lake al data lake-reservoir runoff (field monitoring data or data monitoring numerical amount obtained by hydrological value (m/s) in normal- simulation ater period In one embodiment, the calculation and analysis target for the locations of various pollution sources and inflow pollution load processes in each assessment unit includes the calculation of point-source load and the calculation of non-point-source load.
In the embodiment of the present invention, approval items and requirements of various sewage discharge load of the assessment spatial units are specifically shown in the following table:
Industrial Water-involving industrial Specific site, daily/monthly enterprises |enterprises scale Clarify overflow direct discharge Point Urban life load amount and treatment Specific site, daily/monthly source discharge load amount scale Include sewage discharge load of farms scale Include urban scattered discharge load that does not enter the Assessment unit, son point load source Include scattered breeding, Rural non-point agricultural runoff and sewage Assessment unit, In the embodiment of the present invention, an approval method for the load of various pollution sources includes:
1. Load approval of industrial enterprises A calculation formula: industrial sewage discharge load=water discharge amountxpollutant effluent concentration In the embodiment of the present invention, data sources of the load of various pollution sources include: monitoring data of industrial enterprises and environment statistics data
2. Load approval of urban life A calculation formula: load of sewage treatment plants=sewage treatment amountxpollutant effluent concentration In the embodiment of the present invention, data sources of the load of various pollution sources include: monitoring data of urban sewage treatment plants and environment statistics data.
3. Load approval of large-scale farms A calculation formula: load of farms=breeding quantityx sewage discharge coefficientxinflow coefficient
In the embodiment of the present invention, data sources of the load of various pollution sources include: environment statistics data, general investigation sewage discharge coefficient of pollution sources and field monitoring.
4. Load approval of urban runoff A calculation formula: urban runoff load=amount of surface runoffx pollutant concentration In the embodiment of the present invention, data sources of the load of various pollution sources include: rain runoff data, field monitoring and general investigation data of pollution sources
5. Load approval of rural non-point sources The approval items of the rural non-point-source load include rural scattered farms, agricultural runoff and sewage discharge load of rural life.
Calculation formula: Lside, =Aik: In the formula, Lside, ; is an inflow load (g/d) of an i" pollution source; A; is the number of the i" pollution source (livestock and poultry, paddy field, dry land and rural population); and k; is an output coefficient of the i pollution source (0<ki<1).
In the embodiment of the present invention, data sources of the load of various pollution sources include: statistics yearbook data, monitoring data, land utilization data and general investigation data of pollution sources.
In one embodiment, for the point-source and non-point-source sewage discharge inflow load of any river-type assessment unit, a refined grey water footprint calculation model is established respectively according to different pollution discharge ways and river pollutant migration and reduction equations. Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of grey water footprint of point-source and non-point-source discharge of the river-type assessment unit.
In the present embodiment, the grey water footprint calculation model of the river-type assessment unit is expressed through the following formula: GWE Ee GWE, +30. GWE, In the formula, GWF is a total amount (m?/s) of the grey water footprint of the assessment unit; GWFy, is an amount (m®/s) of grey water footprint generated by the discharge of mt" point source (totally a point sources) of the assessment unit ; and GWF, is an amount (m%/s) of the grey water footprint generated by the discharge of the n'" non-point source (totally b non-point sources).
In one embodiment, the grey water footprint generated by the point-source discharge and non-point-source discharge of the river-type assessment unit is calculated through the following formula: ST tf Mi 4 GWE, = RE
In the formula, Cs is a target concentration (mg/L) of pollutants for water quality management of the control section; x is a distance (m) from the control section to an upstream reference section or from the control section to the river-channel section at a m" point-source outlet; k is a comprehensive attenuation coefficient (1/d) of pollutants; u is a designed average flow velocity (m/s) of the reach; C, is a pollutant concentration (mg/L) in water from the upstream of the reference section; Qm is a sewage discharge amount (m%s) of the m™ point source; Cm is a pollutant concentration (mg/L) discharged from the m'" point source; and Mo is a pollutant load (g/d) of the n'" non-point source discharged on two sides of the reach.
In one embodiment, Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the grey water footprint of any pollution input of a lake-reservoir assessment unit.
For the lake-type assessment unit, based on the lake- reservoir zero-dimension water quality equation, assuming that the input and output water amount of the lake reservoir reaches a stable condition, the amount of the grey water footprint of various pollution source inputs is quantified with a water volume required by the lakes.
The pollution sources include the river inflow load, lakeshore point sources and non-point source loads.
In the present embodiment, the grey water footprint of the lake-type assessment unit is calculated through the following formula: GWF, = A In the formula, GWFL is an amount of the grey water footprint (m3) of the lake assessment unit; Cs is a water quality target concentration (mg/L) of pollutants of the lake control section; Ce is a water quality concentration (mg/L) of a pollution source flowing into lake reservoirs; k is a comprehensive attenuation coefficient (1/d) of pollutants; and Q is a flow rate (m?/s) of a pollution source flowing into the lake reservoirs.
In one embodiment, according to the upstream and downstream relationship of the watershed and the differentiation of water quality targets, determining the calculation parameters of the grey water footprint includes: determining a concentration of pollutants of the control section in water environment quality standard, determining a background concentration of pollutants in the water from the upstream of the reference section, determining the comprehensive attenuation coefficient of the pollutants, determining the distance from the control section to the reference section or to a point-source sewage inlet, and determining the designed average flow velocity of the reach. The concentration of the pollutants of the control section in the water environment quality standard is calculated through the following formula: In the formula, Aaomn is a total area (km?) of catchment areas of the nearest downstream control section; ax is an area (km?) of the present assessment unit; Cgowns is a standard concentration (mg/L) for the water quality of the nearest downstream control section; Co is a background concentration (mg/L) of pollutants of the reference section of the upstream assessment unit; and Ci. is a background concentration (mg/L) of pollutants of the reference section of the present assessment unit.
In the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Fig. 2, if the control section is a water environment control section (such as assessment units 2, 4, 14), it is determined according to the collected standard concentration for the water quality of the control section. If the control section is not the assessment unit of the control section (such as assessment units 3, 7, 9, 10), it is determined according to the area of the nearest downstream control section and other assessment units in catchment areas thereof and the standard concentration for the water quality of the control section.
The background concentration of the pollutants in the water from the upstream of the reference section is calculated through the following formula: Cy _ Ye 1 xe EE Tias Ae In the formula, As is an area of the catchment areas of various influx sections next to the upstream (i.e. sum of areas of relevant upstream assessment units, km?); Ces is a standard concentration (mg/L) for the water quality of the influx control section next to the upstream; and E is the number of influx sections next to the upstream.
In the embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of boundaries and serial numbers of divided watershed assessment spatial units. For the reference section of trunk and branch stream sources of the watershed (such as assessment units 1, 2), the background concentration value of the source is used. For the assessment unit belonging to the water quality control section (such as assessment units 5 and 14), the standard concentration for the water quality management of the control section is used. In other cases (such as the assessment unit 4), it is determined according to the standard concentration for the water quality of the control section of the upstream assessment unit. In the embodiment of the present invention, the comprehensive attenuation coefficient of the pollutants can be determined by an analytical borrowing method and a field measuring method. The analytical borrowing method is to analyse and check relevant data in previous work and research of the assessment unit. When there is no relevant data, the data of adjacent rivers or lake reservoirs with similar hydrological characteristics, pollution status, geographical conditions and weather conditions can be borrowed.
The field measuring method is to select a sub-reach in the middle of the reach of the assessment unit with a straight channel, stable water flow, no tributary in the middle, and no sewage outlet, arrange sampling points at the upstream (point A) and downstream (point B) of the sub-reach respectively to monitor the concentration of the pollutants, and test hydrological parameters to determine the average flow velocity of the section , and conduct the calculation through the following formula: 9 ro k = 864 In “2 & Ly In the formula, k is the comprehensive attenuation coefficient (1/d) of the pollutants; Cais a pollutant concentration (mg/L) of an upper section; Cg is a pollutant concentration (mg/L) of a lower section; L is a length (km) of the sub-reach; and v is an average flow velocity (km/d) of the sub-reach.
In the present embodiment, for the distance from the control section to the reference section or to the point-source sewage inlet, based on the GIS data of the reach and the location data of the sewage outlet and the control section, a geographic analysis function of ArcGIS software is used to calculate an actual length of various reaches.
In the embodiment of the present invention, for the designed average flow velocity of the reach, an average value of the collected historical monitored flow velocity of adjacent hydrological stations during the high water period in ten years is used as the designed average flow velocity. In the case of the far hydrological station or no historical monitoring, the data can be obtained by using a field monitoring method in a normal-water period during the assessment.
The present invention considers the differentiated water quality target management requirements from the perspective of watershed water-land systematicness, divides the assessment units of different water quality target management, proposes the grey water footprint comprehensive calculation method based on a sewage discharge load migration and conversion process for different types of inflow pollution sources, and forms an quantitative assessment method for the grey water footprint, so that the calculation result of the grey water footprint can better reflect the actual situation and effectively represent the impact of the discharge of the pollution load in the small spatial-temporal scale on the water environment, thereby promoting the application of the grey water footprint assessment technology in supporting the refined scientific water environment management.
Embodiment 2 The present embodiment provides a formulation method for management strategies of a water environment. According to a calculation result of grey water footprint obtained by the assessment method for the grey water footprint of the watersheds, structural and spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of the watershed grey water footprint are analysed, the type of pollution sources and the spatial-temporal distribution thereof are identified, and management strategies are proposed for the water environment of the watershed.
Based on the assessment method for the grey water footprint of the watersheds provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention, a typical lake-type watershed (including river-type assessment units and lake-reservoir assessment units) is taken as an example. By taking the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of typical pollutants as an example, the assessment and analysis are carried out for the grey water footprint of the watershed in May, which is specifically illustrated step by step as follows: Step |: collection of basic data Basic data (including spatial data, pollution data and hydrological data) of the watershed is collected. The collected basic data is specifically shown in the following table:
Type of the data Name Main source Form DEMraster data SRTMdata network 90x90m resolution download raster Water system Water system diagram (Raster picture Spatial of the watershed data - — Environment statistics 3 control sections forwater Numerical value data and field quality monitoring investigation (longitude and latitude) Mainly include the . Co numerical value of Environment statistics oo sewage discharge from / / data, monitoring data Point-source discharge data industrial enterprises, / and general in May . Lo urban sewage plants investigation data of i and large-scale farms: pollution sources flow rate(m®/s), and concentration (mg/L) Environment statistics data, economical and [Involve data of urban social statistics data, [runoff scattered router Non-point-source discharge land utilization data, breeding, agricultural ata i data in May rain runoff data, runoff and sewage monitoring data, and (discharge of rural life, general investigation (expressed with daily data of pollution sewage discharge sources amount (g/d) Background concentration of the source water of each Numerical value (mg/L ‚ [Field monitoring trunk and branch stream in ) May Water quality standard of Based on the / management targets of Numerical value (mg/L) control sections ater functional areas Historical monitoring data and field Daily numerical value Hydrolo / . ‚ monitoring data of in 10 years or gical Flow velocity oo dat adjacent hydrological monitoring value of the ata stations or obtained by [reach in the normal- hydrological simulation [water period (m/s)
Second II: definition and generation of river and lake water systems The present embodiment utilizes a watershed delineation tool of ArcSWAT software to input DEM raster data and water system vector data into the DEM setup module to define and generate river networks, thereby obtaining water system distributions and junctions of trunk and branch streams, which is only taken as an example but not used for limitation. In other embodiments, the river network can be defined and generated in other ways. The generation result of the river and the locations of 6 control sections for water quality monitoring in the watershed are shown in Fig.
5.
Step III: addition of control sections for water quality monitoring According to the embodiment of the present invention, in an outlet and inlet definition module of the watershed delineation tool, referring to the locations of the control sections for the water quality monitoring in the watershed in ArcGIS, sub-watershed outlet nodes are added respectively for the control sections 1, 5 and 8 for water quality monitoring where the sub-watershed outlet is not automatically generated. Addition results are shown in Fig. 5. Monitoring control sections 2, 3 and 4 are water quality monitoring control sections where the sub-watershed outlet is automatically generated, and monitoring control sections 1, 5 and 6 are water quality monitoring control sections of the added sub-watershed outlets.
Step IV: the watershed outlet is selected to generate an assessment unit According to the present embodiment, in a watershed outlet selection module, an outlet in an assessment scope of the watershed is selected, the water quality monitoring control section 6 is selected as a main outlet of the watershed to perform the division and numbering of sub- watershed assessment units, thereby forming a division result of the assessment spatial units as shown in Fig. 6.
Further, a parameter calculation function of the sub-watershed unit is utilized to calculate and determine basic parameters of each assessment unit. The area, river length and section water quality standard of the watershed assessment units in the present embodiment are shown in the following table:
unit length {m)| concentration of the background ewes jusets | 20 | © puesto passais | Tobeappoved | 20 © joserers doesn | Tobeappoved | 17 | Ce meso peri | | 6 Step V: load approval of point sources and non-point sources of the assessment units According to the type of the assessment units and based on a load approval method of various point-source and non-point-source pollution, the present embodiment approves the inflow pollution load of various pollution sources in May for each unit one by one, which includes an approval result of the river-type assessment unit point-source load and the distance from the river- type assessment unit to the control section, the approval result of river-type assessment unit non- point-source load and the approval result of various pollution loads of lake-reservoir assessment units.
Approval results of the point-source load of the river-type assessment units and the distance to the control section are shown in the following table: Sewage Distance to the Assessment discharge Pollutant control section unit Pollution source amount concentration (m) COD (mg/L) (m3/s) 2 [De Jos [B [en | + [De osm [| Toes [05 [DO [| s ese |08 [mo [#4 |
Industrial enterprises 13611.5 7 Industrial enterprises 10541.7 Industrial enterprises 08 || 6665.8 Industrial enterprises 28991.1 Approval results of the non-point-source load of the river-type assessment units are shown in the following table: Assessment Sewage discharge Item unit amount (g/d) 2 Urban runoff 2721600.0 Rural non-point source 5616000. 0 Urban runoff 90720.0 3 Rural non-point source 255272. 7 Urban runoff 453600. 0 4 Rural non-point source 1531636.4 Urban runoff 2449440. 0 Rural non-point source 4773600.0 Urban runoff 1064973. 9 Rural non-point source 2273142.9 Urban runoff 3674160. 0 7 Rural non-point source 7637760. 0 Urban runoff 725760. 0 Rural non-point source 2756945. 5 Urban runoff 1161216. 0 Rural non-point source 4686807. 3 5
Approval results of various pollution loads of the lake-reservoir assessment units are shown in the following table: Sewage Assessme Type of the discharge Pollutant ot unit pollution Pollution source amount concentration TE ee |] EE Influx river (outlet of the assessment unit 23 25 po] 2 | % | Urban runoff 70 source Step VI: determination of calculation parameters of the grey water footprint of rivers and lakes The present embodiment utilizes the collected basic data and statistics results of the area, river length and section water quality standard of the watershed assessment units, considers the upstream and downstream relationship of the watershed and the differentiation of the water quality control targets, and further determines the water quality target concentration of the control section of the assessment unit 3 and the water quality background concentration of the assessment unit 4. According to the calculation formula for the water environment quality standard concentration of the pollutants of the control section and the calculation formula of the background concentration of pollutants in the water from the upstream of the reference section, the water quality target concentration of the control section or the background concentration of the reference section of assessment units 3, 4, 6, 7 and 8 are supplemented.
The supplemented approved results of the section water quality standard of the assessment unit are shown in the following table:
Water quality target Water quality Assessment River concentration of the background unit Area (m2) length (m)| control section (COD, concentration of the reference section (COD, mg/L) mg/l) eee] 6 ease | aas | nz | | 1] | dws | ar [es sen | B [6 | Determination of the comprehensive attenuation coefficient (k, 1/d) of pollutants: the analytical borrowing method is used to analyze and borrow relevant literature data to determine 5 a degradation coefficient of COD at each reach to be 0.12/d.
The distance (x, m) from the control section to the reference section or to the point-source sewage inlet: based on the GIS data of the reach, a geographical analysis function of ArcGIS software is utilized to calculate the river length of each assessment unit. Further, according to the locations of the sewage outlet and the control sections, the distance from each point-source sewage inlet to the control section is analyzed and calculated.
Designed average flow velocity of the reach (u, m/s): it is obtained by the field monitoring method in the normal-water period in May. The average flow velocity of each river assessment unit during the assessment is shown in the following table: ses ee ym
Step VII: divided and classified assessment of the grey water footprint Based on the above determined calculation parameters, according to the calculation formula for the grey water footprint of the river-type assessment unit and the calculation formula for the grey water footprint of the lake-type assessment unit, the present embodiment calculates the amount of the grey water footprint of the point-source and non-point-source sewage discharge of various river assessment units and the amount of the grey water footprint of various pollution sources of the lake-reservoir assessment units.
The calculation parameters and the calculation results of the grey water footprint of point-source discharge of the river-type assessment units are shown in the following table:
A oc = c pa = BS = oe SD © = _ gÈ £3 SE|2 JE Bs 2 | E 5 zE 3% SE EE: Elz Su 3 2 2 8 ~ OQ = Q 3 O © > = z= 5 sed Sgje E| O| °F 5 | 2 > £ 5 © OO oD Sá S of <« vo EE 5 ö ge = 2 To 35 E 3 So 5 S| £ < | E DE SQ cl = 3 °c = 2 = 5 g ® © = 2 30 Ze = 9 2 | £ 3 3 < 5 og o 2 35 BN = = To © c 0 © Ss 2 Q 5 S= 3 8 c 9 LL 2 ° _ © 55 215 fg ££] 2e 5 EE mn 3 ov > ao o 8 2 3 ze nS | ££ Oo | 2 |0O = £E © So SS 8 < 8 To = 2 = a 3 |? 5 © o = 2 Industrial enterprises 24027.2 07 [012 [0.953 4.824 Large-scale farms 32036.3 07 [012 0.938 2.272 3 Industrial enterprises 3316.2 0.24 10.12 [0.981 0.779 Large-scale farms 3014.7 024 J012 0.983 1.977 4 Industrial enterprises 6144.1 0.28 [012 [0.970 5.522 Large-scale Farms 250 [256 [05 [60 | 5435.1 028 [0.12 [0.973 13.406 5 Industrial enterprises 14372.0 0.58 [012 0.965 5.511 Large-scale farms 150 [20.0 [06 | 60 | 13174.4 0.58 |0.12 [0.968 4.167 Industrial enterprises 13611.5 05 [012 [0.963 11.698 Large-scale farms 200 [21.2 [06 [60 | 9856.6 05 [012 0973 13.186 7 Industrial enterprises 10541.7 0.38 [012 |0.982 4.755 Large-scale farms 204 [250 [09 |60 | 10918.2 0.38 [0.12 [0.961 5.428
Industrial enterprises 170 [183 [08 [45 | 6665.8 0.31 [0.12 [0.971 11.059 Large-scale farms 170 [183 [06 |60 | 5237.4 031 [012 [0.977 13.989 Industrial enterprises 28991.1 0.33 [012 0.885 1.642 Large-scale farms 180 [250 [07 [60 | 23992.7 0.33 [012 [0.904 1.942 The calculation parameters and the calculation results of the grey water footprint of non- point-source discharge of the river-type assessment units are shown in the following table: c 2 2 7 5 = © a 2 S |E E 5 2% = © — = >- © S |2 2% = e= 2 8 £382 ¢ € |2|E 3 £ = 5 u > © _— © c E Q < 5 = o OO El c © = = 0 Nn om Ee © oO jo 2 © © £ S 2 S/S 9] 2 2 S © S E 2 3 S32 a] 2 Tg |e § 2 £ 0 oS Se 215 £| T a z | B < 2 a > 3% E| ¢ a 5 | © = ZY <2 © oD mn © S EIC SLS it > oD 3g 2 3 g U + 0} = 5 [Urban runoff 2721600.0 [48054.47 0.909 [4.721 Rural non-point source 5616000.0 48054.47 0.909 [9J42 3 [Urban runoff 90720.0 [6632.35 0.962 [0.194 Rural non-point source 255272.7 [6632.35 0.962 [0.547 4 [Urban runoff 25.00 | 25.56 | 453600.0 [14131.36 0.932 [2.251 Rural non-point source | 25.00 | 25.56 | 1531636.4 [14131.36 0.932 17.601 5 [Urban runoff 15.00 | 20.00 | 2449440.0 [31618.44 0.925 [4.447 Rural non-point source | 15.00 | 20.00 | 4773600.0 [31618.44 0.925 [8.667 Urban runoff 20.00 | 21.15 | 1064973.9 [28584.18 0.924 [4.421 Rural non-point source | 20.00 | 21.15 | 2273142.9 [28584.18 0.924 [9.436 7 [Urban runoff 20.38 | 25.00 | 3674160.0 [30570.85 0.894 [5,942 Rural non-point source | 2038 | 25.00 | 7637760.0 [30570.85 0.894 2.351 Urban runoff 17.00 | 18.33 | 725760,0 [1466483 0,936 [3368 Rural non-point source | 17.00 | 18.33 | 2756945.5 [14664.83 0.936 12.793 Urban runoff 1161216.0 69578.71 0.746 [0.892 Rural non-point source 4686807.3 69578.71 0.746 [3.600 5 The calculation parameters and the calculation results of the grey water footprint of various pollution loads of the lake-reservoir assessment units are shown in the following table:
Assess| Pollution | Water quality Sewage Pollutant |Degradatio| GWF1(m®) ment source standard discharge concentratio n unit concentration | amount ( m%s) n COD coefficient of the control (mg/L) K (/d) sections weg | 2 | [en (the outlet of 20.0 23 25 0.12 4140000. the 000 Industrial 25 45 2250000. Ea , Large-scale 1836000. emee mn | [on | 000 Rural non- 1.3 3276000. emee 20 | [om [a Step VIII: result analysis Based on the calculation results of the grey water footprint of various sewage discharge loads of each assessment unit, the watershed spatial and structural characteristics of the grey water footprint are further counted and analysed according to the type of the assessment units and pollutions. The analysis results are shown in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8.
As shown in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, the total amount of the grey water footprint of the watersheds during May is different on 9 assessment spatial units. The grey water footprint of the lake-reservoir assessment unit 1 mainly comes from the influx of the upstream river (above the outlet of the assessment unit 3, accounting for 29%), and the rural non-point sources in the present spatial unit (23%), followed by industrial enterprises, large-scale farms, urban runoff and urban life. Among the assessment units 2-9, the total amount of the grey water footprint of the assessment units 8, 6, 4 and 7 is large and greater than 30 m%s. The total amount of the grey water footprint of the assessment unit 3 is small. Furthermore, from the perspective of the structure of the grey water footprint, the grey water footprint generated by the discharge of the rural non-point sources and large-scale farms in the entire watershed plays a dominant role, followed by the urban life, industrial enterprises and urban runoff. Therefore, in the improvement work of the water environment of the watershed, the prevention and control of rural non-point source pollution and the improvement of large-scale livestock and poultry breeding can be taken as priority projects to carry out relevant work.
It can be seen from the above embodiments that compared with the traditional calculation method for the grey water footprint of the large-scale area, the present invention considers the differentiation of the water quality section management targets in the watershed from the perspective of watershed water-land systematicness, and divides the assessment spatial units, thereby effectively quantifying the grey water footprint under the differentiated water quality target requirements of the river-type or lake-type watersheds. At the same time, by utilizing the relationship between different types of sewage discharge loads and the grey water footprint measurement under the water quality standard requirements of the control section, the partitioned calculation model method for the grey water footprint of the watersheds is proposed to quantify the grey water footprint of various pollution (point-source and non-point source) loads discharged into the rivers and lakes.
In the embodiments of the present invention, according to the calculation results of the grey water footprint of various pollution sources of each assessment unit obtained by assessment, the characteristics of the grey water footprint of the watersheds such as the total amount, structure, spatial distribution and the like are further analysed, thereby providing technical support to formulate the optimization and control policies of the watershed water environment. Apparently, the above embodiments are merely examples for clear description, and are not intended to limit the implementation. For those ordinary skilled in the art, variations or changes in other different forms can also be made based on the above description. It is unnecessary and impossible to list all implementation methods here. The obvious variations or changes made on this basis should be still within the protection scope of the present invention.
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