CN114898812B - Basin pollution hotspot identification method based on improved equal-standard pollution load - Google Patents

Basin pollution hotspot identification method based on improved equal-standard pollution load Download PDF

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CN114898812B
CN114898812B CN202210111573.6A CN202210111573A CN114898812B CN 114898812 B CN114898812 B CN 114898812B CN 202210111573 A CN202210111573 A CN 202210111573A CN 114898812 B CN114898812 B CN 114898812B
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田禹
孟一鸣
王树鹏
陈星�
李响
邹亚男
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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Abstract

A watershed pollution hotspot identification method based on improved equal-standard pollution loads belongs to the fields of environmental engineering, environmental impact evaluation, environmental planning and management. The method solves the problem that the existing drainage basin pollution hotspot identification adopts a mode of neglecting the influence of a pollutant background value and uncertainty on the dilution effect, and has large pollution load calculation error. The method comprises the steps of obtaining drainage basin pollution data, and calculating drainage basin pollution load according to drainage basin pollution types; constructing an equal standard pollution load considering a pollutant background value by using a drainage basin pollution load; constructing an improved equal standard pollution load by taking the background value of the pollutant as a random variable by using the equal standard pollution load considering the background value of the pollutant; and judging the pollution hot spots by utilizing the improved equal-standard pollution load. The method is suitable for river basin hotspot judgment.

Description

Basin pollution hot spot identification method based on improved equal-standard pollution load
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the fields of environmental engineering, environmental impact evaluation, environmental planning and management.
Background
The identification of the watershed pollution hot spot refers to the judgment of the pollutant types which play a leading role in watershed water environment pollution. The method can accurately identify pollution hotspots, help managers in the watershed grasp the main contradiction of treatment, is an important basis for scientific treatment of pollution, legal treatment of pollution and accurate treatment of pollution, and is the key of watershed treatment.
One of the challenges of watershed pollution hotspot identification is the complexity of the watershed pollution load calculation. The current pollution load calculation method mainly comprises a coefficient formula method and a model simulation method. The coefficient formula method has the advantages that data are easy to obtain and simple to calculate, but the selection rules of some parameters are fuzzy and lack of mechanistic basis; the model simulation method simulates and quantificationally calculates the generation and migration of pollutants through a mechanism model, and is more suitable for actual conditions, but the calculation principle is complex, the selection of model parameters is greatly influenced by regions, the calibration and calibration of the model need large data support, and the applicability is limited. Another important challenge of watershed pollution hotspot identification is how to compare pollutant loads that are not directly comparable, in order to determine pollutants that have a greater impact on the watershed. The current common equal-standard pollution load method ignores the influence of a background value and uncertainty of a pollutant on the dilution effect, and causes a larger calculation error of the pollution load.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the existing river basin pollution hotspot identification adopts a mode of neglecting the influence of a pollutant background value and uncertainty on the dilution effect, and has large pollution load calculation error. A basin pollution hot spot identification method based on improved equal-standard pollution load is provided.
The invention discloses a basin pollution hotspot identification method based on improved equal-standard pollution load, which comprises the following steps of:
collecting corresponding drainage basin pollution data according to the drainage basin pollution type, and calculating a drainage basin pollution load;
constructing an equal standard pollution load considering a pollutant background value by using the pollution load of the drainage basin;
step three, constructing an improved equal-standard pollution load by taking the background value of the pollutant into consideration and taking the background value as a random variable;
and step four, judging the pollution hot spot by utilizing the improved equal-standard pollution load.
Further, in the invention, in the first step, the types of the drainage basin pollution sources comprise urban living pollution sources, industrial pollution sources, rural living pollution sources, planting pollution sources and livestock breeding pollution sources.
Further, in the invention, when the pollution of the drainage basin is a town life pollution source, the pollution load of the drainage basin is as follows:
URD discharge ＝URD direct +URD treatment
in the formula, URD discharge The amount of urban living source pollutants discharged into the water environment; URD direct The amount is directly discharged into the water environment without sewage treatment; URD treatment The discharge amount of pollutants discharged into the water environment after treatment by a town sewage treatment plant (WWTP);
URD direct the value of (a) estimation formula:
URD direct ＝URPop×URCoef water ×URRate direct ×URConc direct
URPop is the general population of urban residents; URCoef water The coefficient of domestic water for urban residents; URRate direct The direct sewage discharge amount is the proportion of the total sewage amount; URConc direct The concentration of pollutants in the directly discharged sewage;
URD treatment the value of (a) estimation formula:
URD treatment ＝URPop×URCoef water ×URRate treatment ×(1-URRate Reuse )×URConc treatment
in the formula, URRate treatment Amount of sewage treated by sewage treatment plantThe proportion of the total amount of the sewage is accounted; URRate Reuse The wastewater reuse rate of a town sewage treatment plant; URConc treatment Is the pollutant discharge concentration of a sewage treatment plant.
Further, in the present invention, when the industrial pollution source is an industrial pollution source, the drainage basin pollution load is:
IND discharge ＝INGDP×INCoef water ×INRate discharge ×INConc
in the formula, IND discharge The discharge amount of industrial pollutants discharged into water environment is reduced; INDDP is the total amount of industrial GDP; INCoef water InRate, the amount of industrial water per unit of industrial GDP discharge In order to determine the proportion of the discharge amount of the industrial wastewater to the total amount of the industrial water, INConc means the average discharge concentration of the industrial wastewater.
Further, in the invention, when the pollution source of rural life is adopted, the pollution load of the drainage basin is as follows:
RRD discharge ＝RRD direct +RRD treatment
in the formula, RRD discharge The amount of man-made pollutants, RRD, discharged to the water environment for rural residents direct The amount is directly discharged into the water environment without sewage treatment; RRD treatment The amount of pollutants discharged to the water environment after treatment by rural sewage treatment facilities;
RRD direct the value of (a) estimation formula:
RRD direct ＝RRD total ×RRRate direct
RRD treatment ＝RRD total ×RRRate treatment ×(1-RRCoef removal )
in the formula, RRRate treatment The proportion of the sewage treated by the sewage treatment facility to the total amount of the sewage in rural areas is represented; RRCoef removal Representing the pollutant removal rate of rural sewage treatment facilities;
RRD total ＝RRPop×(RRRate DryT ×RRCoef DryT +RRRate FlushT ×RRCoef FlushT )
in the formula, RRPop is the general population of rural residents; RRRate DryT The proportion of dry toilets in rural areas to the total toilets is shown; RRCoef DryT The coefficient of the per-capita pollution emission of rural residents using dry toilets; RRRate FlushT Is the proportion of the total number of the toilets in rural areas; RRCoef FlushT The coefficient of emission of pollutants for people who use the flushing toilet for rural residents.
Further, in the invention, when the pollution source of the planting industry is used, the pollution load of the drainage basin is as follows:
CFD discharge ＝CFArea×CFCoef discharge
in the formula, CFD discharge Represents the amount of crop pollution discharged into the water environment; CFarea is the cultivated land seeding area; CFCoef discharge Is the loss coefficient of the pollutants in the farmland in unit area;
Figure RE-GDA0003746129300000031
wherein CFCoef discharge，k Is a standard coefficient of farmland pollutant loss in unit area based on the k year; CFFertilizer i Indicating the amount of fertilizer applied in year i, CFFertilizer 1 Indicating the fertilizing amount in the k year.
Further, in the invention, when the livestock and poultry breeding pollution source is adopted, the pollution load of the drainage basin is as follows:
LFD discharge ＝LFD centralized +LFD free
in the formula, LFD discharge The amount of pollutants discharged to the water environment for animal husbandry; LFD centralized The pollution discharge amount of the large-scale livestock and poultry breeding source is reduced; LFD free The pollution discharge amount of the breeding source for the free-ranging livestock and poultry is reduced.
Figure RE-GDA0003746129300000032
Figure RE-GDA0003746129300000033
In the formula, LFnumber j The slaughtering rate n is n =1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, and respectively represents pigs, beef cattle, dairy cows, laying hens, broilers and sheep; LFRate centralized，n The ratio of the number of centralized breeding to the total number of species n; LFCoef centralized，n Pollutant emission coefficient LFRate for concentrated farmed species n free，n The ratio of the number of free-range species n to the total number of species n; LFCoef free，n Is the pollutant emission coefficient of the scatterer species n.
Further, in the invention, in the second step, the construction of the equal standard pollution load considering the background value of the pollutant is as follows:
Figure RE-GDA0003746129300000041
Pl j ＝URD discharge，j +IND discharge，j +RRD discharge，j +CFD discharge，j +LFD discharge，j
PF j representing the equal standard pollution load of a pollutant j considering a background value, wherein j =1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively correspond to a chemical oxygen demand pollutant, an ammonia nitrogen pollutant, a total nitrogen pollutant and a total phosphorus pollutant; pl j Total pollutant load for pollutant j flowing into surface water; c j-max Maximum allowable concentration of contaminant j in water quality standard (mass/volume); c j-nat Natural background concentration of contaminant j in the environment without human influence, C j-nat Has an upper limit and a lower limit of [ l, s ]]And l is less than s, and the l and the s are determined according to the historical data corresponding to the basin.
Further, in the third step of the present invention, the method for constructing and improving the equal-standard pollution load comprises:
Figure RE-GDA0003746129300000042
f(C j-nat ) Is a function of the probability density of the background values,
Figure RE-GDA0003746129300000043
is PF j Mathematical expectation of (1), f (C) j-nat ) The entropy value of (a) is:
Figure RE-GDA0003746129300000048
when only the upper and lower limits [ l, s ] are determined]The method comprises the following steps:
Figure RE-GDA0003746129300000044
Figure RE-GDA0003746129300000045
lagrange function L (f (C) j-nat ) And lambda) is:
Figure RE-GDA0003746129300000046
in the formula, λ is a Lagrange multiplier, and the Lagrange functions are combined to obtain:
Figure RE-GDA0003746129300000047
L(f(C j-nat ) λ) is f (C) j-nat ) Functional of, L (f (C) j-nat ) λ) kernel function L * (f(C j-nat ) λ) is:
Figure RE-GDA0003746129300000051
according to an Euler formula in functional analysis, the condition of the occurrence of an extreme value of an objective function is as follows:
Figure RE-GDA0003746129300000052
the system of equations is solved as:
Figure RE-GDA0003746129300000053
thus, the PF is obtained j The mathematical expectation of (1) is: the improved isocratic pollution load of pollutant j is:
Figure RE-GDA0003746129300000054
further, in the fourth step of the present invention, the determination of the pollution hot spot is performed by using a formula:
Figure RE-GDA0003746129300000055
wherein the pollutant corresponding to m is a pollution hot spot,
Figure RE-GDA0003746129300000056
the pollution load is the improvement of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD);
Figure RE-GDA0003746129300000057
is ammonia nitrogen
Figure RE-GDA00037461293000000510
Improved equal-standard pollution load of;
Figure RE-GDA0003746129300000058
the pollution load is equal to the improvement of Total Nitrogen (TN);
Figure RE-GDA0003746129300000059
the pollution load is equal to the improvement of Total Phosphorus (TP).
The invention provides a basin pollution hotspot identification method based on improved equal-standard pollution load, which is characterized in that corresponding improved coefficient formula methods are respectively established according to the generation and migration characteristics of pollutants of different pollution sources to calculate the emission amount of different pollutants of the pollution sources in different areas of different years. On the basis, an improved isochoric pollution load calculation formula is constructed, the background value of the pollutants is considered, the improved isochoric pollution loads of various pollutants in the basin are calculated, the pollution hot spot of the basin is judged according to the improved isochoric pollution load calculation formula, and the accuracy of the judgment of the pollution hot spot of the basin is effectively improved by considering the background value of the pollutants and the influence of uncertainty of the background value on the dilution effect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of COD pollution load in Wenchuan county of Sichuan province in 2000-2019;
FIG. 2 shows Wenchuan county, sichuan province, 2000-2019
Figure RE-GDA00037461293000000511
A pollution load schematic diagram;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of TN pollution load in Wenchuan county of Sichuan province from 2000 to 2019;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of TP pollution load in Wenchuan county, sichuan province from 2000 to 2019;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of COD pollution load in the Sichuan Minjiang valley section in the period from 2000 to 2019;
FIG. 6 shows the Sichuan province Minjiang river basin segment in the year 2000-2019
Figure RE-GDA0003746129300000061
A pollution load schematic diagram;
FIG. 7 is a TN pollution load schematic diagram in the Minjiang river basin section of Sichuan province from 2000 to 2019;
FIG. 8 is a TP pollution load diagram in the Minjiang river basin section of Sichuan province from 2000 to 2019;
FIG. 9 shows COD in Wenchuan county of Sichuan province in 2000-2019,
Figure RE-GDA0003746129300000062
TN and TP improve the pollution load schematic diagram of the same standard;
FIG. 10 shows the COD of the Minjiang river basin section of Sichuan province in the years 2000-2019,
Figure RE-GDA0003746129300000063
TN and TP improve the pollution load schematic diagram of the same standard;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of TP improvement equal-standard pollution loads of various pollution sources in the Minjiang river basin section of Sichuan province in 2000-2019.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
The first embodiment is as follows: the following describes the present embodiment with reference to fig. 1, and the method for identifying a drainage basin pollution hotspot based on an improved iso-standard pollution load in the present embodiment includes:
collecting corresponding drainage basin pollution data according to the drainage basin pollution type, and calculating a drainage basin pollution load;
constructing an equal standard pollution load considering a pollutant background value by using the pollution load of the drainage basin;
step three, constructing an improved equal-standard pollution load by taking the background value of the pollutant into consideration and taking the background value as a random variable;
and step four, judging the pollution hot spot by utilizing the improved equal-standard pollution load.
Further, in the invention, in the first step, the types of the pollution sources in the drainage basin comprise urban living pollution sources, industrial pollution sources, rural living pollution sources, planting pollution sources and livestock breeding pollution sources.
Further, in the invention, when the pollution of the drainage basin is a town life pollution source, the pollution load of the drainage basin is as follows:
URD discharge ＝URD direct +URD treatment
in the formula, URD discharge For discharge into water environmentThe amount of urban living source pollutants; URD direct The amount is directly discharged into the water environment without sewage treatment; URD treatment The pollutant emission amount discharged into the water environment after treatment of a town sewage treatment plant (WWTP);
URD direct the value of (a) estimation formula:
URD direct ＝URPop×URCoef water ×URRate direct ×URConc direct
URPop is the general population of urban residents; URCoef water The coefficient of domestic water for urban residents; URRate direct The direct sewage discharge amount is the proportion of the total sewage amount; URConc direct The concentration of pollutants in the directly discharged sewage;
URD treatment the value of (a) estimation formula:
URD treatment ＝URPop×URCoef water ×URRate treatment ×(1-URRate Reuse )×URConc treatment
in the formula, URRate treatment The proportion of the sewage amount treated by the sewage treatment plant to the total amount of the sewage is shown; URRate Reuse The wastewater reuse rate of a town sewage treatment plant; URConc treatment Is the pollutant discharge concentration of a sewage treatment plant.
Further, in the present invention, when the industrial pollution source is an industrial pollution source, the drainage basin pollution load is:
IND discharge ＝INGDP×INCoef water ×INRate discharge ×INConc
in the formula, IND discharge The discharge amount of industrial pollutants discharged into water environment is reduced; INDDP is the total amount of industrial GDP; INCoef water InRate, the amount of industrial water per unit of industrial GDP discharge In order to determine the proportion of the discharge amount of the industrial wastewater to the total amount of the industrial water, INConc means the average discharge concentration of the industrial wastewater.
Further, in the invention, when the pollution source of rural life is adopted, the pollution load of the drainage basin is as follows:
RRD discharge ＝RRD direct +RRD treatment
in the formula, RRD discharge The amount of man-made pollutants, RRD, discharged to the water environment for rural residents direct The amount is directly discharged into the water environment without sewage treatment; RRD treatment The amount of pollutants discharged to the water environment after treatment by rural sewage treatment facilities;
RRD direct the value of (a) estimation formula:
RRD direct ＝RRD total ×RRRate direct
RRD treatment ＝RRD total ×RRRate treatment ×(1-RRCoef removal )
wherein RRRate treatment The proportion of the sewage treated by the sewage treatment facility to the total amount of the sewage in rural areas is represented; RRCoef removal Representing the pollutant removal rate of rural sewage treatment facilities;
RRD total ＝RRPop×(RRRate DryT ×RRCoef DryT +RRRate FlushT ×RRCoef FlushT )
in the formula, RRPop is the general population of rural residents; RRRate DryT Is the proportion of dry toilets in rural areas to the total toilets; RRCoef DryT The coefficient of the per-capita pollution emission of rural residents using dry toilets; RRRate FlushT Is the proportion of the total number of the toilets in rural areas; RRCoef FlushT The coefficient of emission of pollutants for people who use the flushing toilet for rural residents.
Further, in the invention, when the pollution source of the planting industry is, the pollution load of the drainage basin is as follows:
CFD discharge ＝CFArea×CFCoef discharge
in the formula, CFD discharge Represents the amount of crop pollution discharged into the water environment; CFarea is the cultivated land seeding area; CFCoef discharge Is the loss coefficient of the pollutants in the farmland in unit area;
Figure RE-GDA0003746129300000081
wherein CFCoef discharge，k Is a standard coefficient of farmland pollutant loss in unit area based on the k year; CFFertilizer i Indicating the amount of fertilizer applied in year i, CFFertilizer 1 Indicating the fertilizing amount in the k year.
Further, in the invention, when the livestock and poultry breeding pollution source is adopted, the pollution load of the drainage basin is as follows:
LFD discharge ＝LFD centralized +LFD free
in the formula, LFD discharge The amount of pollutants discharged to the water environment for animal husbandry; LFD centralized The pollution discharge amount of the large-scale livestock and poultry breeding source is reduced; LFD free The pollution discharge amount of the breeding source for the free-ranging livestock and poultry is reduced.
Figure RE-GDA0003746129300000082
Figure RE-GDA0003746129300000083
In the formula, LFnumber j The slaughter rate n is n =1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, and respectively represents pigs, beef cattle, cows, laying hens, broilers and sheep; LFRate centralized，n The ratio of the number of centralized breeding to the total number of species n; LFCoef centralized，n Pollutant emission coefficient LFRate for concentrated farmed species n free，n The ratio of the number of free-range species n to the total number of free-range species n; LFCoef free，n Is the pollutant emission coefficient of the scatterer species n.
Further, in the invention, in the second step, the construction of the equal standard pollution load considering the background value of the pollutant is as follows:
Figure RE-GDA0003746129300000084
Pl j ＝URD discharge，j +IND discharge，j +RRD discharge，j +CFD discharge，j +LFD discharge，j
PF j representing the equal standard pollution load of a pollutant j considering a background value, wherein j =1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively correspond to a chemical oxygen demand pollutant, an ammonia nitrogen pollutant, a total nitrogen pollutant and a total phosphorus pollutant; pl j Total pollutant load for pollutant j flowing into surface water; c j-max Maximum allowable concentration of contaminant j in water quality standard (mass/volume); c j-nat Natural background concentration of contaminant j in the environment without human influence, C j-nat Has an upper limit and a lower limit of [ l, s ]]Wherein l is less than s, and the upper limit value and the lower limit value of the natural background concentration of the pollutant j in the environment are obtained by historical data through estimation in a normal distribution method, a relative cumulative frequency method or a model method and the like, and can also be obtained through reference in the basin research literature.
Further, in the third step of the present invention, the method for constructing and improving the equal-standard pollution load comprises:
Figure RE-GDA0003746129300000091
f(C j-nat ) Is a function of the probability density of the background value,
Figure RE-GDA0003746129300000092
is PF j Mathematical expectation of (1), f (C) j-nat ) The entropy value of (A) is:
Figure RE-GDA0003746129300000093
when only the upper and lower limits [ l, s ] are determined]When the method is used:
Figure RE-GDA0003746129300000094
Figure RE-GDA0003746129300000095
lagrange function L (f (C) j-nat ) λ) is:
Figure RE-GDA0003746129300000096
in the formula, λ is a Lagrange multiplier, and is obtained by combining Lagrange functions:
Figure RE-GDA0003746129300000097
L(f(C j-nat ) λ) is f (C) j-nat ) Functional of, L (f (C) j-nat ) λ) kernel function L * (f(C j-nat ) λ) is:
Figure RE-GDA0003746129300000101
according to an Euler formula in functional analysis, the condition of the occurrence of an extreme value of an objective function is as follows:
Figure RE-GDA0003746129300000102
solving the equation set to obtain:
Figure RE-GDA0003746129300000103
thus, the PF is obtained j The mathematical expectation of (1) is: the improved isocratic pollution load of the pollutant j is as follows:
Figure RE-GDA0003746129300000104
further, in the fourth step of the present invention, the determination of the pollution hot spot is performed by using a formula:
Figure RE-GDA0003746129300000105
the implementation is realized, wherein, the pollutant corresponding to m is the pollution hot spot,
Figure RE-GDA0003746129300000106
the pollution load is the improvement of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD);
Figure RE-GDA0003746129300000107
is ammonia nitrogen
Figure RE-GDA0003746129300000108
Improved equal-standard pollution load of;
Figure RE-GDA0003746129300000109
the pollution load is equal to the improvement of Total Nitrogen (TN);
Figure RE-GDA00037461293000001010
the pollution load is equal to the improvement of Total Phosphorus (TP).
The specific embodiment is as follows:
the Minjiang river basin segment in Sichuan province is taken as an example, typical pollutants COD are,
Figure RE-GDA00037461293000001012
Taking TN and TP as examples, developing river basin pollution hotspot identification analysis from 2000 to 2019, and the specific implementation process is as follows:
(1) Data acquisition and preprocessing
The watershed basic data is collected, and the basic data to be collected is specifically shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 basic data name and Source
Figure RE-GDA00037461293000001011
Figure RE-GDA0003746129300000111
For data missing in some years, the data can be obtained by calculation through an interpolation method and a function method according to data of other years, and similar samples can also be used for filling; for data which is not accurate to the county, the data can be obtained by proportional distribution calculation according to related parameters; for the parameters required by the subsequent process, calculation and preprocessing can be directly carried out according to the definition. Calculated values of some of the main parameters are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 calculated values of the main parameters
Parameter(s) Sewage discharge from city per capita Reuse rate of sewage plant Rural sewage treatment rate Proportion of flushing-free toilet Water flushing type toilet ratio
Unit of L/d ％ ％ ％ ％
2000 158.15 0.00 0.00 80.91 19.09
2001 153.23 0.00 0.00 79.06 20.94
2002 141.67 0.00 0.00 77.13 22.87
2003 144.96 0.00 0.00 76.17 23.83
2004 146.30 0.00 0.00 74.40 25.60
2005 144.14 0.00 0.30 72.70 27.30
2006 154.46 0.01 1.10 74.36 25.64
2007 153.26 0.01 1.80 70.87 29.13
2008 150.39 0.01 2.40 68.73 31.27
2009 159.80 0.06 3.30 61.29 38.71
2010 155.91 0.01 5.80 55.69 44.31
2011 163.10 0.02 6.00 54.34 45.66
2012 160.65 0.02 6.00 51.97 48.03
2013 170.22 1.14 7.70 49.44 50.56
2014 170.51 1.89 9.70 47.05 52.95
2015 175.19 3.37 10.60 44.66 55.34
2016 169.54 6.31 18.00 42.38 57.62
2017 174.37 5.97 22.32 40.60 59.40
2018 178.25 4.53 29.02 37.87 62.13
2019 182.40 5.00 37.20 35.54 64.46
(2) Basin pollution load calculation
And respectively calculating the pollution loads of the five pollution sources, namely pollutant discharge amount by using a novel coefficient method improved according to the traditional coefficient method.
■ Urban living source:
URD discharge ＝URD direct +URD treatment
URD direct ＝URPop×URCoef water ×URRate direct ×URConc direct
wherein, URConc direct Is selected according toGeneral sewage II-handbook of coefficient of life source ", sichuan belongs to six districts, only adults belong to more developed cities, the direct prefecture of adult cities is based on the average value of the coefficient of sewage production of the urban areas of the more developed cities of the six districts, the average value of the pollution coefficient of other city districts is calculated according to the average value of the pollution coefficient of the general city district, the average value of the pollution coefficient of the county city is calculated according to the county city district, and the average value of the pollution coefficient of the county-level city is calculated according to the general city district.
URD treatment ＝URPop×URCoef water ×URRate treatment ×(1-URRate Reuse )×URConc treatment
Wherein, URConc treatment The calculation of (2). According to a manual of pollution discharge coefficients of a centralized pollution control facility, pollutant discharge concentrations of sewage plants in cities of Sichuan province in 2017 are obtained, then, according to total pollutant discharge amounts of living sources of cities and towns of Sichuan province in a second pollution source general survey bulletin of Sichuan province, correction is carried out, and finally, the water discharge concentrations of the sewage plants in the cities of the Sichuan province in the rest years are deduced according to the change trend of total COD discharge amount data of the living sources of the cities and the towns of the Sichuan province among different years.
■ Industrial sources:
IND discharge ＝INGDP×INCoef water ×INRate discharge ×INConc
■ Rural life source:
RRD discharge ＝RRD direct +RRD treatment
RRD direct ＝RRD t o tal ×RRRate direct
RRD treatment ＝RRD t o tal ×RRRate treatment ×(1-RRCoef rem o val )
RRD total ＝RRPop×(RRRate DryT ×RRCoef DryT +RRRate FlushT ×RRCoef FlushT )
■ A pollution source in the planting industry:
CFD discharge ＝CFArea×CFCoef discharge
Figure RE-GDA0003746129300000121
the second national pollution source census does not investigate the COD emission of the pollution source in the crop production, so this data is not considered.
■ Livestock and poultry breeding source:
LFD discharge ＝LFD centralized +LFD free
Figure RE-GDA0003746129300000122
Figure RE-GDA0003746129300000123
firstly, respectively calculating COD of each district and county in the river,
Figure RE-GDA0003746129300000124
TN and TP emissions, i.e., the pollution load of the respective pollutants. Wenchuan county COD, exemplified by Wenchuan county, alkan, sichuan province,
Figure RE-GDA0003746129300000125
The results of the calculation of the pollution load for TN and TP in the years 2000 to 2019 are shown in fig. 2.
The core invention effect of the invention is mainly embodied in the following 5 points:
(1) The method for calculating the pollutant discharge amount of the urban living source, the industrial source, the rural living source, the planting industry pollution source and the livestock breeding source is provided, almost all pollutant sources are covered, and the total discharge amount of different pollutants is more accurate.
(2) The improved coefficient formula method based on the traditional coefficient formula method is provided for estimating the pollution load, the calculation of a macroscopic large-scale watershed is realized, the accuracy of parameters in the formula is ensured through the collection and the processing of a large amount of basic data, and the spatio-temporal data can reflect the spatio-temporal characteristics of the pollution load.
(3) The improved isocale pollution load is used as a comprehensive pollution evaluation index of the water environment, the background value of pollutants is considered, the problem that the background value is uncertain is solved, different pollutants are uniformly described through water quantity, the additivity and comparability among different pollutants are realized, and the method is particularly suitable for large-scale drainage basins or areas.
(4) The comprehensive flow method for identifying the watershed environmental pollution hot spots is provided, so that effective judgment from the pollution hot spots based on different pollution source pollutant discharge amount results is realized, and a watershed manager can make comprehensive and scientific decisions on watershed water environment pollution treatment;
(5) The method is data-driven, has strong applicability, and the calculation method and the calculation process are widely applicable to various drainage basins, are not influenced by the types and the regional distribution of the drainage basins, and the result accords with the characteristics of the drainage basins, and can provide a concrete and feasible water environment management scheme which accords with the pollution characteristics of the local drainage basins according to the requirement of 'one river to one policy'.
Although the invention herein has been described with reference to particular embodiments, it is to be understood that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and applications of the present invention. It is therefore to be understood that numerous modifications may be made to the illustrative embodiments and that other arrangements may be devised without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims. It should be understood that features described in different dependent claims and herein may be combined in ways different from those described in the original claims. It is also to be understood that features described in connection with individual embodiments may be used in other described embodiments.

Claims (8)

1. A basin pollution hotspot identification method based on improved equal-standard pollution load is characterized by comprising the following steps:
collecting corresponding drainage basin pollution data according to the drainage basin pollution type, and calculating a drainage basin pollution load;
constructing an equal standard pollution load considering a pollutant background value by using the pollution load of the drainage basin;
step three, constructing an improved equal-standard pollution load by taking the background value of the pollutant into consideration and taking the background value as a random variable;
judging pollution hotspots by utilizing the improved equal-standard pollution load;
in the second step, the construction of the equal standard pollution load considering the background value of the pollutant is as follows:
Figure FDA0003922715140000011
Pl j ＝URD discharge，j +IND discharge，j +RRD discharge，j +CFD discharge，j +LFD discharge，j
PF j representing the equal standard pollution load of a pollutant j considering a background value, wherein j =1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively correspond to a chemical oxygen demand pollutant, an ammonia nitrogen pollutant, a total nitrogen pollutant and a total phosphorus pollutant; pl j Total pollutant load for pollutant j flowing into surface water; c j-max The maximum allowable concentration of the pollutant j in the water quality standard; c j-nat Natural background concentration of contaminant j in the environment without human influence, C j-nat Has an upper limit and a lower limit of [ l, s ]]Wherein l is less than s, and the l and the s are determined according to the historical data corresponding to the basin;
in the third step, the method for constructing and improving the equal-standard pollution load comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0003922715140000012
f(C j-nat ) Is a function of the probability density of the background values,
Figure FDA0003922715140000013
is PF j Mathematical expectation of (1), f (C) j-nat ) The entropy value of (a) is:
Figure FDA0003922715140000014
when only the upper and lower limits [ l, s ] are determined]The method comprises the following steps: max:
Figure FDA0003922715140000015
s.t.：
Figure FDA0003922715140000016
lagrange function L (f (C) j-nat ) λ) is:
Figure FDA0003922715140000017
in the formula, λ is a Lagrange multiplier, and the Lagrange functions are combined to obtain:
Figure FDA0003922715140000021
L(f(C j-nat ) λ) is f (C) j-nat ) Functional of, L (f (C) j-nat ) λ) kernel function L * (f(C j-nat ) λ) is:
Figure FDA0003922715140000022
according to an Euler formula in functional analysis, the condition of the occurrence of an extreme value of an objective function is as follows:
Figure FDA0003922715140000023
solving the equation set to obtain:
Figure FDA0003922715140000024
thus, the PF is obtained j The mathematical expectation of (1) is: the improved isocratic pollution load of pollutant j is:
Figure FDA0003922715140000025
2. the method for identifying the drainage basin pollution hot spots based on the improved equal-standard pollution load is characterized in that in the step one, the types of the drainage basin pollution sources comprise urban living pollution sources, industrial pollution sources, rural living pollution sources, planting pollution sources and livestock breeding pollution sources.
3. The method for identifying the drainage basin pollution hot spot based on the improved equal-standard pollution load as claimed in claim 2, wherein when the drainage basin pollution is a town life pollution source, the drainage basin pollution load is as follows:
URD discharge ＝URD direct +URD treatment
in the formula, URD discharge The amount of urban living source pollutants discharged into water environment; URD direct The amount is directly discharged into the water environment without sewage treatment; URD treatment The method is characterized in that the method is used for discharging pollutants into a water environment after the pollutants are treated by a town sewage treatment plant;
URD direct the value of (a) estimation formula:
URD direct ＝URPop×URCoef water ×URRate direct ×URConc direct
URPop is the general population of urban residents; URCoef water The coefficient of domestic water for urban residents; URRate direct The direct sewage discharge amount is the proportion of the total sewage amount; URConc direct The concentration of pollutants in the directly discharged sewage;
URD treatment the value of (a) estimation formula:
URD treatment ＝URPop×URCoef water ×URRate treatment ×(1-URRate Reuse )×URConc treatment
in the formula, URRate treatment The proportion of the sewage amount treated by the sewage treatment plant to the total amount of the sewage is shown; URRate Reuse The wastewater reuse rate of a town sewage treatment plant; URConc treatment Is the pollutant discharge concentration of a sewage treatment plant.
4. The method for identifying the drainage basin pollution hot spot based on the improved equal-standard pollution load as claimed in claim 2, wherein when the drainage basin pollution is an industrial pollution source, the drainage basin pollution load is as follows:
IND discharge ＝INGDP×INCoef water ×INRate discharge ×INConc
in the formula, IND discharge The discharge amount of industrial pollutants discharged into the water environment is reduced; INDDP is the total amount of industrial GDP; INCoef water InRate, the amount of industrial water per unit of industrial GDP discharge In order to determine the proportion of the discharge amount of the industrial wastewater to the total amount of the industrial water, INConc means the average discharge concentration of the industrial wastewater.
5. The method for identifying the drainage basin pollution hot spot based on the improved equal-standard pollution load according to claim 2, wherein when the drainage basin pollution is a rural life pollution source, the drainage basin pollution load is as follows:
RRD discharge ＝RRD direct +RRD treatment
in the formula, RRD discharge The amount of man-made pollutants, RRD, discharged to the water environment for rural residents direct The amount is directly discharged into the water environment without sewage treatment; RRD treatment The amount of pollutants discharged to the water environment after treatment by rural sewage treatment facilities;
RRD direct the value of (a) estimation formula:
RRD direct ＝RRD total ×RRRate direct
RRD treatment ＝RRD total ×RRRate treatment ×(1-RRCoef removal )
wherein RRRate treatment The proportion of the sewage treated by the sewage treatment facility to the total amount of the sewage in rural areas is represented; RRCoef removal Representing the pollutant removal rate of rural sewage treatment facilities;
RRD total ＝RRPop×(RRRate DryT ×RRCoef DryT +RRRate FlushT ×RRCoef FlushT )
in the formula, RRPop is the general population of rural residents; RRRate DryT Is the proportion of dry toilets in rural areas to the total toilets; RRCoef DryT The coefficient of the per-capita pollution emission of rural residents using dry toilets; RRRate FlushT Is the proportion of the toilet in rural areas to the total number of toilets; RRCoef FlushT The coefficient of emission of pollutants for people who use the flushing toilet for rural residents.
6. The method for identifying the drainage basin pollution hot spot based on the improved equal-standard pollution load as claimed in claim 2, wherein when the drainage basin pollution is a pollution source of the plantation industry, the drainage basin pollution load is as follows:
CFD discharge ＝CFArea×CFCoef discharge
in the formula, CFD discharge Represents the amount of crop pollution discharged into the water environment; CFarea is the cultivated land seeding area; CFCoef discharge Is the loss coefficient of the pollutants in the farmland in unit area;
Figure FDA0003922715140000031
wherein CFCoef discharge，k Is a standard coefficient of farmland pollutant loss in unit area based on the k year; CFFertilizer i Indicating the amount of fertilizer applied in year i, CFFertilizer 1 Indicating the fertilizing amount in the k year.
7. The method for identifying the drainage basin pollution hot spots based on the improved equal-standard pollution load as claimed in claim 2, wherein when the drainage basin pollution is a livestock and poultry breeding pollution source, the drainage basin pollution load is as follows:
LFD discharge ＝LFD centralized +LFD free
in the formula, LFD discharge The amount of pollutants discharged to the water environment for animal husbandry; LFD centralized The pollution discharge amount of the large-scale livestock and poultry breeding source is reduced; LFD free The pollution discharge amount of the breeding source for the free-ranging livestock and poultry is reduced.
Figure FDA0003922715140000041
Figure FDA0003922715140000042
In the formula, LFnumber j The slaughter rate n is n =1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, and respectively represents pigs, beef cattle, cows, laying hens, broilers and sheep; LFRate centralized，n The ratio of the number of centralized breeding to the total number of species n; LFCoef centralized，n Pollutant emission coefficient LFRate for concentrated farmed species n free，n The ratio of the number of free-range species n to the total number of free-range species n; LFCoef free，n Is the pollutant emission coefficient of the scatterer species n.
8. The method for identifying basin pollution hot spots based on the improved iso-standard pollution loads according to claims 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7, wherein in the fourth step, the pollution hot spots are determined by adopting a formula:
Figure FDA0003922715140000043
wherein the pollutant corresponding to m is a pollution hot spot,
Figure FDA0003922715140000044
the pollution load is the improvement of chemical oxygen demand and the like;
Figure FDA0003922715140000045
the pollution load of the improvement of ammonia nitrogen of pollutants is equal to the standard pollution load;
Figure FDA0003922715140000046
isocale pollution load for improvement of total nitrogen;
Figure FDA0003922715140000047
the pollution load is rated for improvement of total phosphorus.
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