CN109633111B - Lake and reservoir grey water footprint evaluation method and application thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of water environment protection, and particularly relates to a lake and reservoir grey water footprint evaluation method and application thereof. The invention fully considers the mixing and attenuation effects of pollutants in the lake and reservoir, quantifies the lake and reservoir grey water footprints generated by sewage discharge based on the zero-dimensional water quality model of the steady-state reaction of the lake and reservoir; the invention provides a new grey water footprint evaluation method, which comprises the following steps:
the influence degree of a specific pollution source on the water environment of a specific lake reservoir can be reflected, so that the evaluation result of the grey water footprint generated by the small-scale lake reservoir unit pollution discharge is more reliable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of water environment protection, and particularly relates to a lake and reservoir grey water footprint evaluation method and application thereof.
Background
The Grey Water Footprint (GWF) is an index related to Water pollution and represents the environmental influence of the economic and social pollution discharge process on Water bodies such as rivers, lakes and the like. The grey water footprint is generally defined as the reference based on the natural background concentration and the existing environmental water quality standardDiluting a certain pollution load to the volume of fresh water required by meeting the water quality standard of a specific environment. Therefore, the grey water footprint evaluation can quantitatively evaluate the consumption of the pollutant carrying capacity of the natural water body caused by sewage discharge, namely the pressure effect on the water environment. The water footprint evaluation quantifies the influence of sewage discharge on the water body into water quantity, and can more visually reflect the stress degree of water pollution on the water resource water environment. According to The Water footprint evaluation Manual published by The national Water footprint network, The degree and scale of Water pollution can be reflected by The amount of fresh Water required to dilute The pollutants to harmless, and The specific evaluation formula is as follows:
wherein GWF is the gray water footprint (m)3Year); load is the discharge capacity (kg/year); rhosIs the water quality standard concentration (kg/m) of the pollutants3)；ρnThe natural background water quality concentration (kg/m) of the receiving water body3). However, the grey water footprint evaluation method mainly aims at large-scale drainage basins/regions, such as the global, national, provincial and large-scale drainage basin levels, so that the evaluation result of the grey water footprint only stays at the macroscopic level, and the grey water footprint of sewage discharge in small-scale space units such as specific lakes and reservoirs cannot be effectively quantified; in addition, the evaluation method represents the grey water footprint as the amount of fresh water required when the pollutants are diluted to the maximum concentration allowed by the water quality standard, and the grey water footprint has a large difference from the actual situation, so that the implementation of water environment protection work in a specific area cannot be effectively guided. Therefore, many scholars have improved the evaluation method of grey water footprint for practical situations, such as Wangdan Yang, etc. (Wangdan, Lijing Bao, leaf Asia, Tanjiang fragrance]The natural resource science report 2015,30(12): 2120-. Although the traditional grey water footprint calculation formula is improved according to different practical situations in the prior art, the process that pollutants are continuously mixed with a water body and react and degrade is not taken into consideration at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention aims to overcome the defect that the thorough mixing and reaction degradation process of pollutants in a water body is not considered in grey water footprint evaluation in the prior art, and provides a lake and reservoir grey water footprint evaluation method and application thereof.
Therefore, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a lake and reservoir grey water footprint evaluation method comprises the following steps:
(1) constructing a zero-dimensional water quality model of the lake and reservoir to be evaluated:
wherein V is the volume of water in the lake or reservoir, m3(ii) a Q is the flow into and out of the lake in equilibrium, m3A; ce is the concentration of water quality components in the water flowing into the lake or reservoir in g/m3(ii) a C is the concentration of the water content in the lake or reservoir in g/m3(ii) a Gamma (c) is the reaction rate of the water quality component in the lake or reservoir.
(2) Calculating the reaction rate gamma (c) of the water quality component in the lake reservoir:
the reaction follows a first order reaction kinetic decay reaction: γ (c) — 365kC, where k is the first order reaction rate constant, i.e., the contaminant first order reaction decay coefficient, 1/d.
(3) When the lake and reservoir to be evaluated are in a steady state, the zero-dimensional water quality model is as follows:
order to
C＝CL；
Then QCe-QCL-365kCLV＝0
In the formula, CLIs the concentration of pollutants in g/m when the water quality concentration in the lake or reservoir is in a stable state3。
(4) Calculating the grey water footprint of the lake and reservoir to be evaluated:
let, CL＝CS，V＝GWFL；
Namely QCe-QCS-365kCSGWFL＝0
To obtain
In the formula, GWFLFor the lake and reservoir gray water footprint to be evaluated, m3；CSIs the water environment quality standard concentration of the pollutants in lakes and reservoirs in g/m3。
Further, the Q value is determined by water body data of the lake and reservoir to be evaluated.
Further, the water body data comprises lake and reservoir runoff data and degradation data.
Further, said CeValue and CSThe values are determined by the pollution data of the lakes and reservoirs to be evaluated.
Further, the pollution data comprises pollution discharge load data and water quality standard data of lakes and reservoirs.
Further, said CeThe value is determined by the pollution discharge load data of the lake or reservoir to be evaluated.
Further, said CeThe value is calculated as follows: ceM/Q, wherein M is the annual pollution discharge load in lakes and reservoirs, g/a; q is the flow into and out of the lake in equilibrium, m3/a。
Further, said CSThe value is determined by the standard data of the water quality of the lake and the reservoir to be evaluated.
Further, the k value is determined analytically by use.
Further, relevant data in past work and research of the lake and reservoir to be evaluated are analyzed and checked and then adopted; and when the lake and reservoir data to be evaluated are not available, the lake and reservoir data are determined by using the adjacent lake and reservoir data with similar hydraulic characteristics, pollution conditions, geography and meteorological conditions.
Further, the evaluation process also requires the collection of spatial data.
Further, the spatial data includes lake and reservoir range data and sewage drain position data.
The invention also provides application of the evaluation method in quantifying the grey water footprint of sewage discharge in the small-scale space unit.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the lake and reservoir grey water footprint evaluation method provided by the invention fully considers the mixing and attenuation effects of pollutants in lakes and reservoirs, quantitatively evaluates the lake and reservoir grey water footprint generated by sewage discharge based on the lake and reservoir steady-state reaction of a zero-dimensional water quality model.
2. The method for evaluating the grey water footprint of the lake reservoir can effectively quantify the grey water footprint of a specific lake reservoir range, can reflect the influence degree of a specific pollution source on the water environment of a specific lake reservoir, and enables the calculation result of the grey water footprint generated by the pollution discharge of a small-scale lake reservoir unit to be more accurate and reasonable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a steady-state schematic diagram of a point source blowdown of a lake reservoir;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a point source blowdown grey water footprint of a lake reservoir;
FIG. 3 is a plot of the grey water footprint of the point source sewage discharge in the lake to be evaluated in example 1.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to further understand the present invention, not to limit the scope of the present invention, but to provide the best mode, not to limit the content and the protection scope of the present invention, and any product similar or similar to the present invention, which is obtained by combining the present invention with other prior art features, falls within the protection scope of the present invention.
Aiming at the problem of influence of pollution discharge on the lake and reservoir water quality process, the grey water footprint evaluation method is improved based on the zero-dimensional water quality model, so that the corresponding grey water footprint evaluation result can reflect the actual situation better, the water environment influence of sewage discharge in a specific lake and reservoir space unit is effectively represented, and the popularization and application of the grey water footprint evaluation technology are promoted.
When analyzing the long-term eutrophication process of lakes and reservoirs, the lakes and reservoirs can be often regarded as a complete mixing reactor, and the basic equation is as follows:
wherein V is the volume of water in the lake or reservoir, m3(ii) a Q is the flow into and out of the lake in equilibrium, m3A; ce is the concentration of water quality components in the water flowing into the lake or reservoir in g/m3(ii) a C is the concentration of the water content in the lake or reservoir in g/m3(ii) a S is an external source and sink such as a non-point source, g; gamma (c) is the reaction rate of the water quality component in the lake or reservoir.
The formula (1) is a basic equation of zero-dimensional water quality components. If the reactor only has a reaction process and does not consider external sources and sinks such as non-point sources, S is 0, and then the formula (1) is changed into:
furthermore, when considering that the reaction of the aqueous components within the reactor follows a first order reaction kinetic decay reaction:
γ(c)＝-365kC (3)
where k is the first order reaction rate constant, i.e., the first order reaction decay coefficient of the contaminant, 1/d. General formula
(3) Substituting the formula (2) to obtain:
when the reactor is in a steady state condition,
C＝CLthe following formula can be obtained:
QCe-QCL-365kCLV＝0 (5)
in the formula, CLIs the concentration of pollutants in g/m when the water quality concentration in the lake or reservoir is in a stable state3. Solving equation (5) yields:
based on the zero-dimensional water quality model of the lake reservoir, the invention defines the grey water footprint of the lake reservoir pollution discharge as follows: and (3) taking the lake and reservoir water environment quality standard as a constraint, and ensuring that the water quality meets the lake and reservoir water quantity required to be maintained by the lake and reservoir water environment quality standard when pollutant load with certain intensity is discharged and is fully mixed and attenuated to a stable state. As shown in fig. 1, the steady-state diagram of the point source pollution discharge in the lake and reservoir is shown. On the basis, the grey water footprint of the lake and reservoir in a certain pollution discharge process is GWFL(m3) The corresponding schematic diagram of the footprint of the point source sewage grey water in the lake and reservoir is shown in fig. 2, and at this time, the following equation is obtained according to equation (6):
in the formula, CSIs the water environment quality standard concentration of the pollutants in lakes and reservoirs in g/m3。
The grey water footprint evaluation formula is further derived from equation (7) as follows:
as can be seen from the formula (8), aiming at the influence of the polluted discharge water environment in lakes and reservoirs, the grey water footprint evaluation method provided by the invention considers that the pollutants are fully mixed and degraded to reach a stable state after entering the lakes and reservoirs, and the generated grey water footprint (expressed in the form of water quantity, m3) And the method can be used for grey water footprint evaluation of small-scale lake and reservoir units.
The data needing to be collected by adopting the evaluation method of the invention comprises space data, pollution data, water body data and degradation data; the spatial data comprises lake and reservoir range data and sewage outlet data; the pollution data comprises pollution discharge load data and water quality standard data of lakes and reservoirs; the water body data comprises lake and reservoir runoff data, and the degradation data relates to pollutant reaction attenuation coefficient related data; specifically, the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Grey water footprint evaluation basic data requirement Table
The method for determining the specific parameters in the grey water footprint evaluation formula comprises the following steps:
flow into and out of the lake reservoir at Q balance, m3A: and (4) according to the collected runoff data of the lakes and reservoirs, organizing the monitoring data for many years, and analyzing to obtain the determination of the average annual inflow and outflow flow of the lakes and reservoirs.
CeThe concentration of water quality components in the amount of water flowing into the lake or reservoir, g/m3: according to the collected pollution discharge load data entering the lake reservoir, the method is calculated and determined according to the following formula: ceM/Q, wherein M is the annual pollution discharge load in lakes and reservoirs, g/a; q is the flow into and out of the lake in equilibrium, m3/a。
k pollutant first order reaction attenuation coefficient, 1/d: analyzing and checking related data in previous work and research of a water area to be evaluated by adopting an analysis borrowing method according to degradation data; when the water area data to be evaluated is not available, the water area data can be determined by the aid of the adjacent lake and reservoir data with similar hydraulic characteristics, pollution conditions, geography and meteorological conditions. The biochemical oxygen demand (COD) degradation coefficient is generally 0.10-0.14/d.
CSWater environment quality standard concentration of lake and reservoir pollutants, g/m3: and determining according to the water quality standards of lakes and reservoirs in the collected pollution data.
Example 1
And (4) evaluating the grey water footprint of a certain point source pollution discharge process of a certain lake.
The spatial data, pollution data and water body data collected by the lake to be evaluated are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 lake basic data to be evaluated
Determining each parameter in the grey water footprint evaluation formula:
flow into and out of the lake reservoir at Q balance, m3A: according to the collected lake and reservoir runoff data, the average annual inflow and outflow flow is determined to be 9160100m3/a。
CeThe concentration of water quality components in the amount of water flowing into the lake or reservoir, g/m3: according to the collected pollution discharge load data entering the lake reservoir, the method is calculated and determined according to the following formula: ce＝M/Q＝473040000/9160100＝51.64g/m3Wherein M is the annual pollution discharge load in lakes and reservoirs, g/a; q is the flow into and out of the lake in equilibrium, m3/a。
k pollutant first order reaction attenuation coefficient, 1/d: according to the collected degradation data, the biochemical oxygen demand (COD) degradation coefficient is taken as 0.10/d by adopting an analysis borrowing method.
CSWater environment quality standard concentration of lake and reservoir pollutants, g/m3: determining the water quality standard of lake and reservoir as the III-class standard of surface water according to the collected pollution data, and the corresponding COD concentration is 20g/m3。
(1) Constructing a zero-dimensional water quality model of the lake and reservoir to be evaluated:
wherein V is the volume of water in the lake or reservoir, m3(ii) a Q is the flow into and out of the lake in equilibrium, m3/a；CeIs the concentration of water quality components in the amount of water flowing into the lake or reservoir in g/m3(ii) a C is the concentration of the water content in the lake or reservoir in g/m3(ii) a Gamma (c) is the reaction rate of the water quality component in the lake or reservoir.
(2) Calculating the reaction rate gamma (c) of the water quality component in the lake reservoir:
the reaction follows a first order reaction kinetic decay reaction: γ (c) — 365kC, where k is the first order reaction rate constant, i.e., the contaminant first order reaction decay coefficient, 1/d.
(3) When the lake and reservoir to be evaluated are in a steady state, the zero-dimensional water quality model is as follows:
order to
C＝CL(ii) a Then QCe-QCL-365kCLV＝0
In the formula, CLIs as followsConcentration of pollutants in g/m when water quality concentration in lakes and reservoirs is in a stable state3。
(4) Calculating the grey water footprint of the lake and reservoir to be evaluated:
let, CL＝Cs，V＝GWFL；
Namely QCe-QCS-365kCSGWFL＝0
To obtain
In the formula, GWFLFor the lake and reservoir gray water footprint to be evaluated, m3；CSIs the water environment quality standard concentration of the pollutants in lakes and reservoirs in g/m3。
Substituting the related data to obtain the grey water footprint GWF of the lake to be evaluatedLComprises the following steps:
thus, the grey water footprint of the lake at a particular point source pollution is 397038.4m3/a。
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A lake and reservoir grey water footprint evaluation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) constructing a zero-dimensional water quality model of the lake and reservoir to be evaluated:
wherein V is the volume of water in the lake or reservoir, m3(ii) a Q is the flow into and out of the lake in equilibrium, m3/a；CeIs the concentration of water quality components in the amount of water flowing into the lake or reservoir in g/m3(ii) a C is the concentration of the water content in the lake or reservoir in g/m3(ii) a Gamma (c) is the reaction rate of the water quality component in the lake and reservoir;
(2) calculating the reaction rate gamma (c) of the water quality component in the lake reservoir:
the reaction follows a first order reaction kinetic decay reaction: γ (c) — 365kC, wherein k is the first order reaction rate constant, i.e. the first order reaction decay coefficient of the contaminant, 1/d;
(3) when the lake and reservoir to be evaluated are in a steady state, the zero-dimensional water quality model is as follows:
order to
C＝CL；
Then QCe-QCL-365kCLV＝0
In the formula, CLIs the concentration of pollutants in g/m when the water quality concentration in the lake or reservoir is in a stable state3；
(4) Calculating the grey water footprint of the lake and reservoir to be evaluated:
let, CL＝Cs，V＝GWFL；
Namely QCe-QCS-365kCSGWFL＝0
To obtain
In the formula, GWFLFor grey water footprints of the lake or reservoir to be evaluated, m3；CSIs the water environment quality standard concentration of the pollutants in lakes and reservoirs in g/m3；
Said C iseThe value is calculated as follows: ceM/Q, wherein M is the annual pollution discharge load in lakes and reservoirs, g/a; q is the flow into and out of the lake in equilibrium, m3/a。
2. The evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein the Q value is determined from water body data of the lake or reservoir to be evaluated.
3. The assessment method of claim 2, wherein said water body data comprises lake and reservoir runoff data and degradation data.
4. The evaluation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein C iseValue and CSThe values are determined by the pollution data of the lakes and reservoirs to be evaluated.
5. The evaluation method according to claim 4, wherein the pollution data includes pollution discharge load data and lake/reservoir water quality standard data.
6. The evaluation method according to claim 5, wherein C iseThe value is determined by the pollution discharge load data of the lake or reservoir to be evaluated.
7. The evaluation method according to claim 5, wherein C isSThe value is determined by the standard data of the water quality of the lake and the reservoir to be evaluated.
8. The assessment method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein said k-value is determined analytically by use.
9. Use of an evaluation method according to any of claims 1 to 8 for quantifying the grey water footprint of sewage discharge in small-scale spatial cells.
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| CN110991887A (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2020-04-10 | 中国环境科学研究院 | Ash water footprint measuring and calculating method for non-point source pollution discharge river reach |
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