CN102184487A - Pollution source management system based on geographic information system (GIS) technology and one-dimensional water quality model and operation method thereof - Google Patents
Pollution source management system based on geographic information system (GIS) technology and one-dimensional water quality model and operation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a pollution source management system based on a geographic information system (GIS) technology and a one-dimensional water quality model. The pollution source management system comprises a basic geographic database, a water quality monitoring database, a pollution source monitoring database, a water quality model predicting module, a statistical analysis module and a geographic information system module. The invention also provides an operation method of the pollution source management system based on the GIS technology and the one-dimensional water quality model; and by means of the operation method, the docking between a geographic information system and a management information system is realized to complete the effective management of a large amount of environmental information, analyze the changes in the environmental pollutants, and realize the visualization of a regional environmental pollution status, and thus, the execution of the water environment planning and decision is facilitated.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the environmental information system field, be specifically related to a kind of pollution source management system and How It Works thereof based on GIS technology and one dimension water quality model.
Background technology
Enter 21 century, Chinese water environment faces three big serious problems: shortage of water resources, water pollution, flood.Wherein, water pollution causes quality of water environment sharply to descend, so water pollution is a problem demanding prompt solution.In natural river, when pollutant adopts face source emission mode to discharge or in the combined jets in downstream, damage zone, the one dimension water quality model is a kind of usual way that is used for carrying out fwaater resources protection and water pollution control quantitative Analysis.Water quality model is a kind of mathematical description to the water quality Changing Pattern, has advantage on numerical evaluation, parameter setting, and is still, limited on the ability to express of the visual and spatial analysis of data management, analog result.
At present, there is following shortcoming in existing pollution source management system: a lot of systems realized to contamination data edit, browse, functions such as inquiry, statistical study and output, but only rest on the efficiency of management to the pollution source data; A lot of systems introduce Geographic Information System (GIS) technology, mainly utilize its spatial analysis and effect of visualization, but the application system of its analog functuion on water quality lacks; A lot of systems concentrate on the directly perceived demonstration multi-level, multi-faceted to environmental data, but fail to realize to the dynamic management of data and the dynamic change of pollution source distribution; A lot of systems adopt the GIS technology, utilize its thematic maps function, rapidly the environmental statistics report data is presented on the map, improved work efficiency, on effect of visualization, offer the open-and-shut effect of people, but the concentration change situation of pollutant in the river is not profoundly embodied.
The present invention is intended to overcome the above problem that prior art exists, a kind of pollution source management system and How It Works thereof based on GIS technology and one dimension water quality model is provided, raising is to the efficiency of management of environmental data, improve the ability in the spatial analysis and the predictions and simulations ability to express of model, played the aid decision making effect.
Summary of the invention
The present invention sets up the environmental information that monitoring obtains database and carries out unified management, in conjunction with water quality Model Calculation formula, and utilizes the simulation and the visual expression of GIS technology, automatically the pollutant levels situation of change is generated pictorial information.
The invention provides a kind of pollution source management system, comprising based on GIS technology and one dimension water quality model:
The geo-spatial data storehouse, it stores residential area, zoning map, drainage map, monitoring point bitmap, mileage chart and attribute data thereof;
The water monitoring data storehouse, it stores the spatial data and the attribute data thereof of water quality monitoring section;
The pollution source monitor database, it stores water consumption, blowdown flow rate, the blowdown classification of pollution source;
The water quality model prediction module according to the data in water monitoring data storehouse and the pollution source monitor database, is calculated the concentration of pollutant by one dimension water quality model formula;
Statistical analysis module carries out statistical study to the data that pollution source detect in the database;
The Geographic Information System module, it stores a figure layer file, and on map the result of calculation of the data in the display base geographical data bank, water quality model prediction module.
Among the present invention, water quality model is meant the mathematic(al) representation of the description water quality Changing Pattern of the prediction that is used for water quality, the pollution of studying water body and self-cleaning and blowdown control etc." one dimension water quality model " is easy operating in the water quality model among the present invention, is applicable to the simulation and the prediction of general water quality of river, and research is only gone up the pollutant levels gradient that exists in water (flow) direction (x direction).
The invention provides a kind of How It Works of the pollution source management system based on GIS technology and one dimension water quality model, comprise the steps:
Step 1: according to the title of pollution source, the figure layer file of the described pollution source of inquiry in described Geographic Information System module; According to Query Result, on map, play up and show or provide prompting and withdraw from;
Step 2: from the pollution source monitor database, choose the blowdown classification, read the blowdown flow rate of pollution source;
Step 3: statistical analysis module carries out statistical study to the data that pollution source detect in the database, and whether check data is up to standard;
Step 4: choose the river of pollution source discharging, from the water monitoring data storehouse, inquire about the Monitoring Data in described river, and calculate emission point place pollutant levels, and show with the form of message box by described water quality model prediction module;
Step 5: calculate pollutant levels behind river plug-flow and disperse acting in conjunction one segment distance by the water quality model prediction module, show with the form of message box;
Step 6:, utilize the Geographic Information System module that Pollutants Diffusion process, pollutant levels situation of change are shown on map according to the result of calculation of step 4, step 5.
Wherein, the described water quality model prediction module in the described step 4 is to calculate the pollutant levels at emission point place according to following formula:
Wherein, C
0The pollutant levels at expression emission point place, Q represents the flow in river; Q represents the flow of sewage; C
1Pollutant background concentration in the expression river; C
2Pollutant levels in the expression sewage.
Described water quality model prediction module in the described step 5 is according to the pollutant levels of following formula calculating behind river plug-flow and disperse acting in conjunction one segment distance:
Wherein, C is illustrated in the pollutant levels behind river plug-flow and disperse acting in conjunction one segment distance, C
0The pollutant levels at expression emission point place, x represents operating distance, u
xThe expression mean velocity in section; Dx represents the longitudinal dispersion coefficient; K represents pollutant rate of decay constant.
" segment distance " represented with x in the step 5 among the present invention, is meant that pollutant is in river plug-flow and the coefficient distance of disperse.
Superiority of the present invention is: water quality model is a kind of mathematical description to the water quality Changing Pattern, with combining of GIS technology, has improved the ability in the spatial analysis and the predictions and simulations ability to express of model; Pollution source and Monitoring Data are carried out space orientation, analysis-by-synthesis, and the combination of Monitoring Data and water quality model, for pollution source management control provides all-around service; According to the situation that can be well understood to environmental capacity of water in the control area by function of the present invention, determine the permission discharge capacity of pollution source, water quality objective requirement according to the local area river, calculate the reduction of pollutant, and then the proposition controlling schemes, realize the reasonable distribution of pollutional load between pollution source.
The present invention combines the technology of GIS technology and one dimension water quality model, and GIS database, spatial analysis, water quality model, the integrated water quality that is applied to of visual expression are changed, and seems that benefit is clear mutually.The GIS technology relates generally to the management of figure and attribute data and tissue, and has indivisible contact between two kinds of data, has promoted the leeway on the environmental data efficiency of management; The function that realizes the statistical classification analysis among the GIS can be extracted the Various types of data of complexity respectively and show, and especially the operation to water quality data becomes more important, and plays the aid decision making effect; Water quality model is a kind of mathematical description to the water quality Changing Pattern, the river system of a complexity can be changed into one group of appropriate mathematical equation and carry out mathematical simulation; GIS is visual to be expressed in this information of displaying that can image on the pollutant levels situation of change, has improved analog capability.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the system chart of pollution source management of the present invention system;
Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram of the How It Works of pollution source management of the present invention system.
Embodiment
Further elaborate the present invention below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.Following examples are not limitation of the present invention.In the spirit and scope that do not deviate from inventive concept, variation and advantage that those skilled in the art can expect all are included among the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, the pollution source management system that the present invention is based on GIS technology and one dimension water quality model comprises:
The geo-spatial data storehouse, it stores residential area, zoning map, drainage map, monitoring point bitmap, mileage chart and attribute data thereof; The attribute of Water-quality Monitoring Points comprises: longitude and latitude, emphasis monitoring index are total phosphorus, total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, COD and volatile phenol, water quality classification, grade situation etc.
The water monitoring data storehouse, it stores the spatial data and the attribute data thereof of water quality monitoring section; Data in the water monitoring data storehouse need to upgrade.
The pollution source monitor database, water consumption, blowdown flow rate, blowdown classification that it stores pollution source are used for studying the influence that pollution source cause the river;
The water quality model prediction module, it calculates the concentration of pollutant according to the data in water monitoring data storehouse and the pollution source monitor database by one dimension water quality model formula;
Statistical analysis module carries out statistical study to the data that pollution source detect in the database;
The Geographic Information System module, it stores figure layer file, and the result of calculation of the data in the geo-spatial data storehouse, water quality model prediction module is shown on map.The map that certain is regional is generally changed, and extracts figure layers such as residential area, river water system, road, pollution source, Water-quality Monitoring Points and is stored in the Geographic Information System module.Among the present invention, comprise with the environmental correclation information database: the geo-spatial data storehouse, it comprises thematic maps such as topomap, drainage map, pollution source, Water-quality Monitoring Points, water function district, the main management of being responsible for the spatial data in the survey region, the digitizing that utilizes ARCGIS software to finish map obtains data, transfers data to the shp form; The water monitoring data storehouse, the spatial data and the attribute data thereof of storage water quality monitoring section, the Monitoring Data of renewal water quality; The pollution source monitoring stores the pollution source water consumption according to the storehouse, blowdown flow rate, and main blowdown classification is used for investigating the response relation between pollution source and the river.
The present invention is based on the pollution source management system of GIS technology and one dimension water quality model, realize function, for example: the one, every datum target formula inquiry: can be from the geo-spatial data storehouse, water monitoring data storehouse and pollution source monitor database obtain data, carries out the inquiry of water environment data.Inquiry has 2 kinds of modes, and promptly inquiry from figure to the attribute and dependency are to the query and search of figure.The user can position inquiry, keyword query to own interested some content, and the content of being inquired about is rendered on the map with figure, written form.The 2nd, the pollution source data are carried out statistical study: inquire about, add up according to the information to each monitoring point, the result is made histogram, output intuitively is presented on the screen.
System can inquire about from geo-spatial data storehouse, water monitoring data storehouse and pollution source monitor database according to some content of user's interest.Inquiry mode comprises the inquiry to figure of inquiry from figure to the attribute and dependency.The content of being inquired about shows with figure or written form brightness on map.
Can use the inquiry from figure to the attribute according to understanding some simple scenarios of certain chemical plant in the example.The specific implementation process is for example: on map, mouse is rested on this chemical plant, its some attributes obtain from the pollution source monitor database, show with written form on the mouse next door.
For example, the input attributes conditional parameter is: water quality of river classification 〉=three classes.At this moment on electronic chart, present all qualified rivers.
The specific implementation process is for example: select in first atural object combobox: the river; Select in second attribute combobox: the grade situation; Select in the 3rd the symbol combobox: 〉=; The 4th meets in the combobox and selects: three classes; At last, click things flicker button, system just can obtain data from geo-spatial data storehouse and water monitoring data storehouse so, and presents the river that all meet querying condition on map.
Pollution source blowdown concentration is calculated: according to the title of pollution source, show the figure layer file of pollution source by the Geographic Information System module on map, choose the pollutant classification that will calculate from the pollutant monitoring database, read the blowdown flow rate of pollution source; Choose the river of pollution source, from the water monitoring data storehouse, inquire about the Monitoring Data in this river, calculate the pollutant levels at emission point place, and show with the form of message box to the periphery discharging.
Concentration is calculated after the Pollutants Diffusion: the bank pollutant mixes through river, under river plug-flow and disperse acting in conjunction, concentration is thin out gradually, behind the constants such as input river mean flow rate, dispersion coefficient and the pollutant rate of decay, demonstrates the concentration after pollutant changes.
The output of pollutant levels situation of change: pollutant is under flow action, concentration changes, at this moment on map, show the situation of change of concentration distribution of pollutants,, represent the pollutant levels situation of change with shade as representing the Pollutants Diffusion process with the color circuit with distance.
Based on the operation method of the pollution source management of the present invention system of GIS technology and one dimension water quality model, concrete steps comprise as shown in Figure 2:
Step 1:, inquire about whether the figure layer of described pollution source file is arranged in the described Geographic Information System module according to the title of pollution source; If have, on map, play up out; If no, provide the prompting and withdraw from.
Step 2: after reading pollution source, from the pollution source monitor database, choose the pollutant blowdown classification that to calculate, read the blowdown flow rate of pollution source.
Step 3: statistical analysis module carries out statistical study to the data that pollution source detect in the database, inquires about, adds up according to the information to each monitoring point, and the result is made histogram, and output intuitively is presented on the screen.The pollution total amount or the pollution concentration of adding up which pollution source discharging are not up to standard.
Step 4: choose the river of pollution source to the periphery discharging, the Monitoring Data in inquiry river from the water monitoring data storehouse, and pass through the water quality model prediction module and calculate emission point place pollutant levels, and show with the form of message box.
For example, the title of input pollution source: Ye Bao chemical company, in the inquiry geographical data bank whether these pollution source are arranged, if having, on map, show, otherwise withdraw from.After reading pollution source, from the pollutant emission database, read the pollution source blowdown flow rate, choose the pollutant classification that will calculate, as: phenols; Choose the river of pollution source: logical Lv Yunhe to the periphery discharging; Inquiry as the flow in river, the pollutant background concentration in the river etc., begins to calculate the concentration of sewage draining exit place pollutant, and demonstrates data with the form of message box its Monitoring Data from the water monitoring data storehouse.
Step 5: calculate the pollutant levels of pollutant behind river plug-flow and disperse acting in conjunction one segment distance by the water quality model prediction module.
Pollutant mixes through river, and under river plug-flow and disperse acting in conjunction, concentration is thin out gradually, after the parameters such as input river mean flow rate, dispersion coefficient and the pollutant rate of decay, calculates the concentration after pollutant changes along with the variation of distance.
Step 6:, utilize the Geographic Information System module that Pollutants Diffusion process, pollutant levels situation of change are shown on map according to step 4, step 5 result of calculation.Pollutant can be represented the Pollutants Diffusion process with the color circuit under flow action, represent the pollutant levels situation of change with shade.
Wherein, in step 4, the water quality model prediction module is to calculate the pollutant levels at emission point place according to following formula:
Wherein, C
0The pollutant levels at expression emission point place, Q represents the flow in river; Q represents the flow of sewage; C
1Pollutant background concentration in the expression river; C
2Pollutant levels in the expression sewage.
In step 5, the water quality model prediction module is according to the pollutant levels of following formula calculating behind river plug-flow and disperse acting in conjunction one segment distance:
Wherein, C is illustrated in the pollutant levels behind river plug-flow and disperse acting in conjunction one segment distance, C
0The pollutant levels at expression emission point place, x represents operating distance, u
xThe expression mean velocity in section; Dx represents the longitudinal dispersion coefficient; K represents pollutant rate of decay constant.
In the example, certain factory is sewage effluent in certain river, sewage quantity q=0.15m
3/ s, COD=200mg/L in the sewage; In the water quality of river monitor database, the flow Q=5.5 m in river
3/ s, background concentration=35mg/L of river COD, mean flow rate u
x=0.3 m/s; Rate of decay constant k=0.18d of known COD
-1, dispersion coefficient Dx=6 m
2/ s; At this moment system can calculate the emission point place automatically through complete mixed COD initial concentration C
0=39.38 mg/ L.After diffusion mobility x=1000m distance, system can calculate automatically through COD concentration C=39.1 mg/ L behind this segment distance.
As mentioned above each pollution source and the pollutant that is discharged thereof, contaminant capacity are carried out dynamic management, according to the blowdown situation, Environmental Decision-making person can be in conjunction with the contamination index in city, proposes restriction foundation that pollution source are discharged, carries out the pollution control of science.
Being preferred embodiment of the present invention only in sum, is not to be used for limiting practical range of the present invention.Be that all equivalences of doing according to the content of the present patent application claim change and modification, all should belong to technology category of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. the pollution source management system based on GIS technology and one dimension water quality model is characterized in that, comprising:
The geo-spatial data storehouse, it stores residential area, zoning map, drainage map, monitoring point bitmap, mileage chart and attribute data thereof;
The water monitoring data storehouse, it stores the spatial data and the attribute data thereof of water quality monitoring section;
The pollution source monitor database, it stores water consumption, blowdown flow rate, the blowdown classification of pollution source;
The water quality model prediction module, it calculates the concentration of pollutant according to the data in water monitoring data storehouse and the pollution source monitor database by one dimension water quality model formula;
Statistical analysis module carries out statistical study to the data that pollution source detect in the database;
The Geographic Information System module, it stores a figure layer file, and on map the result of calculation of the data in the display base geographical data bank, water quality model prediction module.
2. according to claim 1 based on the How It Works of the pollution source management system of GIS technology and one dimension water quality model, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
Step 1: according to the title of pollution source, the figure layer file of the described pollution source of inquiry in described Geographic Information System module; According to Query Result, on map, play up and show or provide prompting and withdraw from;
Step 2: from the pollution source monitor database, choose the blowdown classification, read the blowdown flow rate of pollution source;
Step 3: statistical analysis module carries out statistical study to the data that pollution source detect in the database, and whether check data is up to standard;
Step 4: choose the river of pollution source discharging, from the water monitoring data storehouse, inquire about the Monitoring Data in described river, and calculate emission point place pollutant levels, and show with the form of message box by described water quality model prediction module;
Step 5: calculate pollutant levels behind river plug-flow and disperse acting in conjunction one segment distance by the water quality model prediction module, show with the form of message box;
Step 6:, utilize the Geographic Information System module that Pollutants Diffusion process, pollutant levels situation of change are shown on map according to the result of calculation of step 4, step 5.
3. as the How It Works of pollution source management system as described in the claim 2, it is characterized in that the described water quality model prediction module in the described step 4 is to calculate the pollutant levels at emission point place according to following formula:
Wherein, C
0The pollutant levels at expression emission point place, Q represents the flow in river; Q represents the flow of sewage; C
1Pollutant background concentration in the expression river; C
2Pollutant levels in the expression sewage.
4. as the How It Works of pollution source management system as described in the claim 2, it is characterized in that the described water quality model prediction module in the described step 5 is to calculate pollutant levels behind river plug-flow and disperse acting in conjunction one segment distance according to following formula:
Wherein, C is illustrated in the pollutant levels behind river plug-flow and disperse acting in conjunction one segment distance, C
0The pollutant levels at expression emission point place, x represents operating distance, u
xThe expression mean velocity in section; Dx represents the longitudinal dispersion coefficient; K represents pollutant rate of decay constant.
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