NL2020152A - Kirchhoff Beam Migration Method Under Complex Topography - Google Patents

Kirchhoff Beam Migration Method Under Complex Topography Download PDF

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NL2020152A
NL2020152A NL2020152A NL2020152A NL2020152A NL 2020152 A NL2020152 A NL 2020152A NL 2020152 A NL2020152 A NL 2020152A NL 2020152 A NL2020152 A NL 2020152A NL 2020152 A NL2020152 A NL 2020152A
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migration
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shot
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NL2020152B1 (en
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Sun Hui
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Univ Southwest Jiaotong
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
    • G01V1/282—Application of seismic models, synthetic seismograms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
    • G01V1/30—Analysis
    • G01V1/301—Analysis for determining seismic cross-sections or geostructures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
    • G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
    • G01V1/362—Effecting static or dynamic corrections; Stacking
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
    • G01V2210/50—Corrections or adjustments related to wave propagation
    • G01V2210/51—Migration
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
    • G01V2210/60—Analysis
    • G01V2210/67—Wave propagation modeling
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
    • G01V2210/70—Other details related to processing
    • G01V2210/74—Visualisation of seismic data

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  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a Kirchhoff beam migration method under complex topography. The Kirchhoff beam migration method comprises the following steps: inputting relevant parameter files, migration velocity model files and seismic records; dividing the seismic records of each shot into a plurality of different time domain data volumes with a window center as a core, and then decomposing the data into plane waves; tracing rays from shot points along different directions, and calculating the corresponding information of the grid nodes within the scope of a sectional radial beam for storing each ray; tracing the rays from the window center along different directions, and calculating the corresponding information of grid nodes within the scope of the sectional radial beam for storing each ray; selecting the beam from the shot points and the window center for imaging calculation; and accumulating the imaging results of all of the pairs of the beams so as to obtain the migration imaging results. According to the Kirchhoff beam migration method, the coverage of beams in shallow model is increased, and the imaging quality of the Kirchhoff beam migration method in a shallow structure of complex topography model.

Description

Technical field
The invention relates to a seismic migration imaging method, in particular to a Kirchhoff beam migration method under complex topography.
Background Art
Land seismic exploration is usually performed under complex topography (such as mountains, hills, gobi and loess tableland), where problems that the topography causes problems that surface elevation is higher, the seismic data coverage is insufficient, and signal noise ratio (SNR) of collected seismic data is low, often occur. The problems can bring certain difficulty to the seismic data imaging, and affect the computation efficiency and the imaging precision of the seismic imaging.
Chinese Journal of Geophysics ( Stage 4, 2012-) discloses amplitude-preserved Gaussian beam migration under complex topography written by Yue Yubo, et al., and introduces the amplitude-preserved Gaussian beam migration method under complex topography. By taking account of the elevation, dip angle, and actual trace intervals of topography into a local plane wave decomposition step, the migration method is improved for the topography. Simple layered topographic model and Canadian Foothills model are used fortesting Gaussian beam migration under complex topography and Gaussian beam migration achieves superior images.
The 2017 Ph.D. thesis of Jilin University discloses Kirchhoff Dynamic Focused Beam Migration, introduces Kirchhoff dynamic focused beam migration method under complex topography, and introduces the dynamic focused beam propagator into the Kirchhoff beam migration under complex topography to control the width of the beam. The method is applied to Canadian Foothills model, and a superior image to the original method is obtained.CN102590857A discloses a two-way wave prestack depth migration under true topography which firstly obtains the real elevation of seismic data to redefine the velocity model, performs the forward calculation under the true topography conditions, then regulates the seismic data for wave field extrapolation, uses topography boundary conditions, and finally uses the relevant conditions for imaging so as to overcome the impact of topography, and obtain high-quality imaging results under the complex topographic conditions.
It can be seen from the examples that a conventional imaging method can improve the migration imaging results under complex topography to a certain extent, but the realization process is complex, and the calculation efficiency is also low.
Summary of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a Kirchhoff beam migration method under complex topography. Through adoption of a new beam in a sectional manner and using a cosine square window function in local slant stacking, it not only improves the imaging effect of seismic migration under complex topography, but also improves the processing efficiency of seismic data.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention adopts the technical scheme:
the Kirchhoff beam migration method under complex topography comprises the following steps:
step A: inputting relevant parameter files, migration velocity model and seismic records, wherein, the parameter files comprise grid points, grid spacing, reference frequency, maximum frequency, initial beamwidth, seismic record sampling points, traces of each shot and the spacing of the traces;
step B: dividing the seismic records of each shot into a plurality of different time domain data volumes with a window center as a core according to a distance d = . and then
V min./max decomposing the data into plane waves, wherein, V is the average value of the migration velocity filed, 7jllin is the reference frequency, and /1Ώ3Χ is the maximum frequency;
step C: tracing rays from shot points indifferent directions, and calculating the corresponding information of the grid nodes within the scope of a sectional radial beam for storing each ray, wherein the information comprises traveltime and amplitude; calculating rays from the shot points indifferent directions, and solving the kinematical ray tracing equation <
dxi dr = V g/λ
- 6 | j_ dr dxt (v ov ox by a
Runge-Kutta method to get the ray information, wherein, v. represents space coordinates, p, represents slowness, τ represents seismic wave traveltime, and v represents the velocity value at discrete points; after the information at the discrete 25 points on the ray is obtained, acquiring the information of the grid nodes within the beam by paraxial approximation, wherein the information includes traveltime and amplitude, calculating the width of the beam by a sectional method:
m!g!fma,, 2irVaVg//„ύη>2Αα^γw = J θ .
2Αασ. 2πΥα! j2<2Aa° *0 % wherein, Aa is the angle difference of the adjacent rays, and σ is the integral of the velocity along the ray path;
step D: tracing the rays from the window center indifferent directions, and calculating the 5 corresponding information of grid nodes within the scope of the sectional radial beam for storing each ray, wherein the information comprises traveltime and amplitude; similarly, calculating the width of the beam by the sectional method in Step C;
step E: selecting the beam from the shot points and the window center for imaging calculation, A(x) = YidP/dPbcA-DS(L,p = ρ',τ = r') wherein, /(.\) represents the imaging value at the point x, ps represents the slowness value of rays traced from the shot point, pl)C represents the slowness values of rays traced from the window center, A represents a weight function, and Ds represents a local plane wave decomposition result;
and step F: accumulating the imaging results of all of the pairs of the beams so as to obtain the final 15 migration imaging results.
Further, in the step C, the emitting angle range of the rays is from -60 degrees to +60 degrees, and the emitting angle interval between every two adjacent rays is Δρ = —;—
Compared with conventional technologies, the Kirchhoff beam migration method has the following beneficial effects that through adoption of the sectional radial beam propagator, the coverage of the beam in the shallow layer is enlarged, and the regularity of the migration result in the topographic surface is stronger, and the invention can more clearly reflect the fault structure.
Brief Description of Drawings
Figure 1 is a flow chart of the Kirchhoff beam migration method under complex topography.
Figure 2 is the width diagram of the original Kirchhoff beam migration beam.
Figure 3 is the width diagram of Kirchhoff beam migration beam of the invention.
Figure 4 shows Marmousi model under topography, wherein x represents the horizontal distance and z represents the depth.
Figure NL2020152A_D0001
Figure 5 shows the original Kirchhoff beam migration result of the Marmousi model under topography.
Figure 6 shows the novel Kirchhoff beam migration result of the Marmousi model under topography.

Claims (2)

5 Embodiments The invention will now be further described in detains in connection with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Figure 1 is a flow chart of a Kirchhoff beam migration method under complex topography, and shows an implementation process of the method, wherein the method comprises the following 10 specific steps of A) inputting relevant parameter files, migration velocity model files and seismic records, wherein, the parameter files comprise grid points, grid spacing, reference frequency, maximum frequency, initial beamwidth, seismic record sampling points, traces of each shot and the spacing of the traces; 15 B) dividing the seismic records of each shot into a plurality of different time domain data volumes with a window center as a core according to a distance d = . —, and then decomposing the min./max data into plane waves, wherein, F is the average value of the migration velocity filed, is the reference frequency, and /niax is the maximum frequency; C) emitting rays indifferent directions from the shot point, wherein the emitting angle range of the rays is from -60 degrees to +60 degrees, and the angle interval between every two adjacent rays is Δ/l = —1— jXmiL , ancj solving the kinematical ray tracing equation by a Runge-Kutta method to get 2Vavg ,/raax the center ray information, as shown below: dx = v-gp, dr dPi _ 5 j 1 Ί _ ;_i 5v dr ex, v i wherein, v, represents space coordinates, p, represents slowness, τ represents seismic wave 25 traveltime, and v represents the velocity value at discrete points; after the information at the discrete points on the ray is obtained, acquiring the information of the grid nodes of the beam by paraxial approximation, wherein the information includes traveltime and amplitude; an original calculation formula (as shown in figure 2) for beam width is W = 2Aa/, A wherein, Δα is the angle difference of adjacent rays, is the velocity value at the starting position of the rays, σ = | Vds is the integral of the velocity along a ray path, but such determination method for J ray 5 the beamwidth is difficult to meet the beam covering demands for the shallow part of the model; calculating the width of the beam by a sectional method (as shown in figure 3): j 2xVavg/ƒ,„», 2^avg/fmi>2Aa?W= 2,\t/5T. 2^fl/0r <2Δα.^.. : Hi *0 D) tracing the rays from the window center indifferent directions, and calculating the corresponding information of grid nodes within the scope of the sectional radial beam for storing each 10 ray, wherein the information comprises traveltime and amplitude; similarly, calculating the width of the beam by the sectional method in C); E) selecting a beam from the shot point and the window center, and performing imaging calculation according to the formula: A- (x) = Σ ƒƒ dPbcA · A (Ε ρ = ρ',τ = τ') 15 wherein, Is(x) represents the imaging value at the point x, p, represents the slowness value of rays traced from the shot point, phc represents the slowness values of rays traced from the window center, A represents a weight function, and Ds represents a local plane wave decomposition result; and F) accumulating the imaging results of all of the pairs of the beams so as to obtain the final 20 migration imaging results. Now, we will verify the scheme and beneficial effects of the invention through the Marmousi model under complex topography. Figure 4 shows the Marmousi velocity model with 737 grid nodes in the horizontal direction and a horizontal grid spacing of 12.5m, and with 750 grid nodes in the vertical direction and a vertical grid spacing of 4m. The seismic records consist of 240 shots with a 90 25 m spacing and 101 receiving traces per shot with a 25 m spacing. The offset is from 0 m to 2,500 m with 800 sampling points per trace with a sampling interval of 4 ms. Figure 5 shows the Kirchhoff (} beam migration result with a conventional calculation formula of beam width, and figure 6 shows the migration result corresponding to the sectional radial beam width calculation formula of the invention. As seen from the migration result graph, the migration result of the method of the invention has a stronger regularity of the migration energy in the topographic surface, a higher SNR, a clearer 5 geological structure, and the fault structure with white circle can be clearly identified. The method of the invention is an important seismic data imaging method for complex topography. In view of the coverage shortcoming of conventional beam width calculation formula in the shallow model and the difficulty in meeting the requirements of special conditions under complex topography, the introduction of a sectional beam width calculation method into the Kirchhoff beam 10 migration method under complex topography enhances the imaging effect of the migration method in the shallow part of the model. Conclusies:5 Embodiments The invention will now be further described in detains in connection with the accompanying drawings and other. Figure 1 is a flow chart of a Kirchhoff beam migration method under complex topography, and shows an implementation process of the method, wherein the method comprises the following 10 specific steps of A) insertion relevant parameter files, migration velocity model files and seismic records, where, the parameter files include grid points, grid spacing, reference frequency, maximum frequency, initial beamwidth, seismic record sampling points, traces of each shot and the spacing of the traces; 15 B) dividing the seismic records of each shot into a multiple or different time domain data volumes with a window center as a core according to a distance d =. -, and then decomposing the min./max data into plane waves, where, F is the average value of the migration velocity filed, is the reference frequency, and / niax is the maximum frequency; C) emitting rays indifferent directions from the shot point, the emitting angle range of the rays is from -60 degrees to +60 degrees, and the angle interval between every two adjacent rays is Δ / l = —1— jXmiL, ancj solving the kinematical ray tracing equation by a Runge-Kutta method to get 2Vavg, / raax the center ray information, as shown below: dx = v-gp, dr dPi _ 5 y 1 Ί _; _i 5v dr ex, vi, v , represents space coordinates, p, represents slowness, τ represents seismic wave 25 traveltime, and v represents the velocity value at discrete points; after the information at the discrete points on the ray is obtained, acquiring the information from the grid nodes of the beam by paraxial approximation, the information includes traveltime and amplitude; an original calculation formula (as shown in figure 2) for beam width is W = 2Aa /, A,, Δα is the angle difference of adjacent rays, is the velocity value at the starting position of the rays, σ = | Vds is the integral of the velocity along a ray path, but such a determination method for J ray 5 the beam width is difficult to meet the beam covering demands for the shallow part of the model; calculating the width of the beam by a sectional method (as shown in figure 3): j 2xVavg / ƒ, "», 2 ^ avg / fmi> 2Aa? W = 2, \ t / 5T. 2 ^ fl / 0r <2Δα. ^ ..: Hi * 0 D) tracing the rays from the window center indifferent directions, and calculating the corresponding information of grid nodes within the scope of the radial beam for failure each 10 ray, the information comprises traveltime and amplitude; similarly, calculating the width of the beam by the sectional method in C); E) selecting a beam from the shot point and the window center, and performing imaging calculation according to the formula: A- (x) = Σƒ dPbcA · A (Ε ρ = ρ ', τ = τ') 15, Is (x) represents the imaging value at the point x, p, represents the slowness value of rays traced from the shot point, phc represents the slowness values of rays traced from the window center, A represents a weight function, and Ds represents a local plane wave decomposition result; and F) accumulating the imaging results of all of the pairs of the beams so as to obtain the final 20 migration imaging results. Now, we will verify the scheme and beneficial effects of the invention through the Marmousi model under complex topography. Figure 4 shows the Marmousi velocity model with 737 grid nodes in the horizontal direction and a horizontal grid spacing of 12.5m, and with 750 grid nodes in the vertical direction and a vertical grid spacing of 4m. The seismic records consist of 240 shots with a 90 25 m spacing and 101 receiving traces per shot with a 25 m spacing. The offset is from 0 m to 2,500 m with 800 sampling points per trace with a sampling interval or 4 ms. Figure 5 shows the Kirchhoff (} beam migration result with a conventional calculation formula or beam width, and figure 6 shows the migration result corresponding to the sectional radial beam width calculation formula of the invention. As seen from the migration result graph, the migration result the method of the invention has a stronger regularity of the migration energy in the topographic surface, a higher SNR, a clearer 5 geological structure, and the fault structure with white circle can be clearly identified The method of the invention is an important seismic data imaging method for complex topography In view of the coverage shortcoming or conventional beam width calculation formula in the shallow model and the difficulty in meeting the requirements of special conditions under complex topography, the introduction of a sectional beam width calculation method into the Kirchhoff beam 10 migration method under complex topography enhances the imaging effect or the migration method d in the shallow part of the model. Conclusions: 1. KirchhofFs stralenbundelmigratiewerkwijze met complexe topografie, met het kenmerk, dat zij de volgende stappen omvat:1. KirchhofFs beam-beam migration method with complex topography, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: stap A : invoering van relevante parameterbestanden, van een migratiesnelheidsmodel en van seismische registraties, waarbij de parameterbestanden rasterpunten, rasterafstanden, een referentiefrequentie, een maximumfrequentie, een beginbreedte van de stralenbundel, bemonsteringspunten van de seismische registraties, traces van elk schot en de afstand tussen de schoten omvatten;step A: introduction of relevant parameter files, of a migration speed model and of seismic recordings, wherein the parameter files are raster points, raster distances, a reference frequency, a maximum frequency, a starting width of the beam, sampling points of the seismic recordings, traces of each shot and the distance between the beams shots; stap B : verdeling van de seismische registraties van elk schot in een veelheid van gegevensvolumina vanstep B: division of the seismic records of each shot into a plurality of data volumes of F verscheidene tijdsdomeinen met een venstercentrum als kern volgens een aftstand d =-—-, en daarna ontbinding van de gegevens in vlakke golven, waarbij de gemiddelde waarde van de ingediende migratiesnelheid is, /nün de referentiefrequentie is, en fmiBi de maximumfrequentie is;F several time domains with a window center as the core according to a distance d = -—-, and then decomposition of the data in planar waves, where the average value of the submitted migration speed is, / nün is the reference frequency , and f miBi is the maximum frequency ; stap C : afbeelding van stralen vanuit schotpunten in verschillende richtingen, en berekening van de overeenstemmende informaties van de rasterknooppunten binnen de omvang van een sectiebundel om elke straal op te slaan, waarbij de informaties de voortplantingstijd en de amplitude omvatten; berekening van stralen vanuit de schotpunten in verschillende richtingen, en oplossing van de kinematische straalafbeeldingsvergelijking bij middel van een Runge-Kutta-werkwijze ten einde de straalinformaties te verkrijgen, waarbij, de ruimtecoördinaten voorstelt, p, de traagheid voorstelt, T de voortplantingssnelheid van de seismische golf voorstelt, en V de waaide van de snelheid op discrete punten voorstelt; na het bekomen van de informaties op de discrete punten van de straal, verwerv ing van de informaties van de rasterknooppunten binnen de stralenbundel door middel van een paraxiale benadering, waarbij de informaties de voortplantingstijd en de amplitude omvatten, berekening van de breedte van de stralenbundel bij middel van een sectiewerkwijze;step C: mapping rays from shot points in different directions, and calculating the corresponding information from the grid nodes within the size of a section beam to store each ray, the information including the propagation time and the amplitude; calculation of rays from the shot points in different directions, and resolution of the kinematic ray image equation by means of a Runge-Kutta method in order to obtain the ray information, where, the space coordinates, p, the inertia, T the propagation speed of the seismic wave represents, and V represents the wind velocity at discrete points; after obtaining the information at the discrete points of the beam, acquiring the information of the grid nodes within the beam by means of a paraxial approach, the information comprising the propagation time and the amplitude, calculating the width of the beam at means of a section method; 2zVavg/fmm, 2zVavg/fm>2Aa-T ’ fl waarbij, Δα het hoekverschil is van aanliggende stralen, en σ de integraal van de snelheid langsheen het straalpad is;2zV avg / f mm , 2zV avg / f m > 2Aa-T 'fl where, Δα is the angular difference of adjacent beams, and σ is the integral of the speed along the beam path; stap D : afbeelding van de stralen vanuit het venstercentrum in verscheidene richtingen, en berekening van de overeenstemmende informaties van de rasterknooppunten binnen de omvang van de sectiebundel om elke straal opstep D: image of the rays from the window center in various directions, and calculation of the corresponding information of the grid nodes within the size of the section bundle around each ray on 5 te slaan, waarbij de informaties de voortplantingstijd en de amplitude omvatten; op een gelijkaardige wijze, berekening van de breedte van de stralenbundel door middel van de scctiewcrkwijzc in stap C; stap E: selectie van de stralenbundel vanuit de schotpunten en het venstercentrum om de beeldvorming te berekenen.5, the information including the propagation time and the amplitude; in a similar manner, calculating the beam width by means of the scanning method in step C; step E: selection of the beam from the shot points and the window center to calculate the image. L (χ) = Σ ƒ dP* ƒ dPbeA D< V, P = Pi τ = ΑL ( χ ) = Σ ƒ d P * ƒ d Pbe A D <V, P = Pi τ = Α 10 waarbij, /s.(x) de waarde van de beeldvorming op het punt x voorstelt, p, de waarde van de traagheid van de stralen afgebeeld vanuit het schotpunt voorstelt, pbc de waarden van de traagheid van de stralen afgebeeld vanuit het venstercentrum voorstelt, A een wegingfunctie voorstelt, en Ds het resultaat van de ontbinding van een locale vlakke golf voorstelt; en stap F : verzameling van de beeldvormingresultaten van alle stralenbundelparen ten einde de uiteindelijke 15 beeldvormingresultaten van de migratie te bekomen.10 where, / s . (X) represents the value of the imaging at the point x, p, the value of the inertia of the rays imaged from the shot point, p bc the values of the inertia of the rays imaged from the window center group, a represents a weighting function, D, and s represents the result of the dissolution of a local plane wave; and step F: collection of the imaging results of all the beam bundles in order to obtain the final imaging results of the migration. 2. Kirchhoffs stralenbundelmigratiewerkwijze met complexe topografie volgens conclusie 1, met het kenmerk, dat in stap C: het hoekenbereik van de stralenemissie van -60 graden tot +60 graden gaat, en het interval van de emissiehoeken tussen twee aanliggende stralen Np = is.Kirchhoff's complex topography ray beam migration method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step C: the angle range of the beam emission ranges from -60 degrees to +60 degrees, and the interval of the emission angles between two adjacent beams is Np =. Trace central ηιν> from beamTrace central ηιν> from beam Figure 1Figure 1 Figure 3 x/rriFigure 3 x / row 1250 2500 3750 50001250 2500 3750 5000 Figure 4Figure 4 62506250 1500015000 1450014500 40004000 35003500 30003000 2500 §20002500 §2000 15001500 10001000 S50QS50Q X/fflX / ffl Figure 5 x/mFigure 5 x / m Figure 6 oFigure 6 o 37503750 50005000 62506250
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE1027342B1 (en) * 2019-10-15 2021-01-07 Univ Southwest Jiaotong METHOD FOR ANISOTROPIC SEISMIC IMAGING
NL2024231B1 (en) * 2019-10-15 2021-01-27 Univ Southwest Jiaotong Anisotropic seismic imaging method

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