CN112904418B - Self-adaptive ray encryption type kirchhoff type beam migration seismic wave imaging method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a self-adaptive ray encryption type kirchhoff type beam migration seismic wave imaging method, and relates to the technical field of seismic migration imaging. Firstly, reading in seismic records, migration velocity models and parameter files; then carrying out ray tracing from the shot point according to a self-adaptive ray encryption mode and storing ray information; after the shot point finishes all ray tracing, calculating and storing ray beam information corresponding to rays; dividing the single seismic shot record into a plurality of data volumes taking the window center as a core, and performing local plane wave decomposition on each data volume; ray tracing is carried out on each window center according to a self-adaptive ray encryption mode, and ray information is stored; after all rays are traced in the center of the window, calculating and storing ray beam information corresponding to the rays; simultaneously calculating the corresponding offset weighting coefficient of each ray beam; and selecting the ray beam pairs of the shot point and the window central point to perform offset imaging calculation, and accumulating the offset imaging results of all the ray beam pairs to obtain a final beam offset imaging result.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seismic migration imaging, in particular to a self-adaptive ray encryption type kirchhoff type beam migration seismic wave imaging method.
Background
With the long-term continuous exploration and development of oil and gas resources, the discovery difficulty of shallow oil and gas reservoirs is continuously increased, the depth of exploration and development target layers is gradually increased, the exploration of deep oil and gas resources is paid more and more attention, but generally, deep reservoir structures are complex and models are large, and great challenges are brought to seismic migration imaging technology. The conventional kirchhoff type beam migration is a seismic imaging method with both imaging accuracy and computing efficiency, but when the method is used for imaging in a large depth area, sufficient ray coverage rate is difficult to guarantee, and the imaging effect of the area is influenced.
The doctor paper of ji lin university in 2017 discloses kirchhoff type dynamic focusing beam offset, introduces implementation details of kirchhoff type beam offset imaging method, and discusses beam propagation operators, imaging conditions and application in different media in detail. And the kirchhoff type beam migration seismic wave imaging method is verified through a plurality of numerical models and actual data, and a good effect is obtained by a calculation result.
201711077893.X discloses a kirchhoff type beam shifting method under a complex terrain condition, which is expanded to the complex terrain condition and improves the imaging capability of a shifting imaging method on a shallow layer of an undulating terrain model by adopting a sectional type calculated beam width. The imaging results for the numerical simulation data as well as the actual data confirm the good imaging capabilities of this method.
201910977970.X discloses an anisotropic seismic imaging method, which expands a kirchhoff type beam migration method to an anisotropic medium, improves the contribution proportion of effective signals to a final migration imaging result by adding a weight coefficient in a migration imaging formula, and verifies the anisotropic seismic imaging method through a plurality of numerical simulation data, and the calculation result proves that the method has good imaging capability for the anisotropic medium.
It can be seen from the above examples that the existing kirchhoff type beam migration method has good imaging capability for a conventional model, a relief terrain model and an anisotropic medium, but none of the methods can solve the problem that when kirchhoff type beam migration is used for imaging a large-depth area, it is difficult to ensure insufficient ray coverage at the deep part of the model, so that the imaging effect of the seismic wave imaging method in the area cannot be ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a self-adaptive ray encryption type kirchhoff type beam migration seismic wave imaging method aiming at the defects of the prior art, the ray illumination at the deep part of a seismic wave imaging target model is enhanced by adopting a self-adaptive ray encryption type ray tracking method, and a migration imaging formula is improved on the basis of the rays, so that the imaging capability of the seismic wave imaging method at the deep part of the seismic wave imaging target model is enhanced.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a self-adaptive ray encryption type kirchhoff beam migration seismic wave imaging method comprises the following steps:
step 1: reading in seismic records, migration velocity models and parameter files; the parameter file comprises transverse and longitudinal grid points and transverse and longitudinal grid intervals of the migration velocity model, a target imaging region range, seismic source position information, detector distribution and position information, reference frequency, maximum frequency, sampling points and time sampling intervals of each path of seismic records, receiving paths and path intervals corresponding to a single shot, a central ray emergent angle range and an initial ray sampling interval;
step 2: carrying out ray tracing from the shot point according to a self-adaptive ray encryption mode, and storing ray information;
step 2.1: taking a shot point as a starting point, firstly determining the number of initial rays of the shot point and an initial shooting angle according to the emergent angle range of the central rays and the sampling interval delta theta of the initial shooting angle; calculating a distance threshold value F of the new inserted ray corresponding to the regular grid point in the target imaging area, wherein the calculation mode is as follows:
wherein X represents the abscissa of the grid point within the target area, Z represents the ordinate of the grid point within the target area, SxAbscissa representing the shot point, SzRepresenting the ordinate of the shot, dx representing the grid spacing of the offset velocity model in the transverse direction, and dz representing the grid spacing of the offset velocity model in the longitudinal direction;
step 2.2: solving a kinematics ray tracing equation set by a Longgoku tower method from a shot point along different initial shooting directions to perform ray tracing to obtain discrete point information on a central ray; the kinematic ray tracing equation set is shown as follows:
wherein x isi、pi、viRespectively representing the spatial position, slowness and speed value of the ith discrete point on the central ray, wherein tau represents the seismic wave travel time;
step 2.3: in the ray tracing process, if the distance D of discrete points on adjacent rays on the front of the same seismic wave is larger than a distance threshold value F of inserting a new ray into the discrete points, inserting a new ray between the two discrete points, wherein the starting point of the new ray is the middle position of the two discrete points on the space, the attribute information of the newly inserted ray starting point is the average value of various attribute information of the two discrete points, and all the discrete points before the starting point of the new ray are marked as empty;
and step 3: after the shot points finish all ray tracing, calculating and storing ray bundle information corresponding to the shot point rays according to corresponding shot point ray information;
after the shot point finishes all ray tracing, the width w of a ray beam corresponding to the ray is shown as the following formula:
wherein, V0The average value of the regular grid point speed in the target imaging area is shown, v represents the speed value of discrete points on the central ray, ray represents the central ray, and s represents the ray path;
and 4, step 4: dividing the single earthquake shot record into a plurality of data volumes taking the window center as a core according to window intervals, and carrying out local plane wave decomposition on each data volume;
and 5: performing ray tracing and storing ray information according to a self-adaptive ray encryption mode aiming at each window center;
step 6: after all ray tracing is completed in the center of each window, calculating and storing ray beam information corresponding to the central rays of each window according to the corresponding window central ray information;
and 7: calculating a deviation weighting coefficient corresponding to a grid point in the coverage range of each ray bundle according to the emergent angle of the central ray and the adjacent central ray at the shot point and the central point of each window;
the calculation method of the offset weighting coefficient corresponding to the grid point in the coverage range of each ray bundle comprises the following steps:
setting the initial firing angle to thetaThe ray bundle covers a regular grid point P in a target imaging area, and the time taken for the ray bundle to reach the point P is tauPSearching central ray of the same initial shooting point leftwards from the initial shooting angle of the ray, searching according to the small and large emergent angle difference, if the central ray goes upwards, the time is tauPIf the discrete point is not null, the left search is finished, and the initial shot angle theta of the central ray is recordedleft(ii) a Similarly, searching the central ray of the same initial shooting point from the initial shooting angle of the ray to the right, searching according to the small and large emergent angle difference, and if the central ray upwards travels by tauPIf the discrete point of (2) is not empty, the right search is ended, and the initial shot angle theta of the central ray is recordedrightAt this time, the offset formula weighting coefficient M of the regular grid point P in the target imaging area for the ray bundle is as follows:
and 8: selecting ray bundle pairs of shot points and window central points to perform migration imaging calculation according to a migration formula, and accumulating migration imaging results of all ray bundle pairs to obtain a beam migration imaging result of the final single-shot seismic record data, wherein the formula is as follows:
wherein, IsRepresenting beam-offset imaging values for single shot seismic record data, L representing different window centers, psRepresenting the slowness value, p, of the ray issued by the shot sbcRepresenting the slowness value of the rays emanating from the center of the window, A representing a weight function related to the distance of the regular grid points to the two central rays within the target imaging area, DsRepresenting the local plane wave decomposition result, p representing the slowness value used in the local plane wave decomposition process, MsRepresenting the offset weighting factor, M, of a regular grid point in the shot-beam in the target imaging regionbcRepresenting the deviation of a regular grid point in the target imaging area from the beam at the center point of the windowA weighting factor.
Adopt the produced beneficial effect of above-mentioned technical scheme to lie in: according to the self-adaptive ray encryption type kirchhoff beam migration seismic wave imaging method, ray tracing is carried out in a self-adaptive ray encryption mode, ray coverage rate of rays in the deep part of a target imaging area is increased, and the imaging capacity of kirchhoff beam migration in the deep part of the imaging target area is improved by modifying a migration imaging formula.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a self-adaptive ray encryption type kirchhoff-type beam migration seismic wave imaging method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the calculation of offset weighting coefficients according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of original kirchhoff-type beam migration results of single-shot actual seismic data according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a new kirchhoff type beam migration result of single-shot actual seismic data according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In this embodiment, a self-adaptive ray encryption type kirchhoff-type beam migration seismic wave imaging method, as shown in fig. 1, includes the following steps:
step 1: reading in seismic records, migration velocity models and parameter files; the parameter file comprises transverse and longitudinal grid points and transverse and longitudinal grid intervals of the migration velocity model, a target imaging region range, seismic source position information, detector distribution and position information, reference frequency, maximum frequency, sampling points and time sampling intervals of each path of seismic records, receiving paths and path intervals corresponding to a single shot, a central ray emergent angle range and an initial ray sampling interval;
in this embodiment, the migration velocity model adopts a certain actual seismic model; the model is provided with 901 grid nodes in the transverse direction, the transverse grid interval is 5m, 301 grid nodes in the longitudinal direction, and the longitudinal grid interval is 5 m.
Step 2: carrying out ray tracing from the shot point according to a self-adaptive ray encryption mode, and storing ray information;
step 2.1: taking a shot point as a starting point, firstly determining the number of initial rays of the shot point and an initial shooting angle according to the emergent angle range of the central rays and the sampling interval delta theta of the initial shooting angle; calculating a distance threshold value F of the new inserted ray corresponding to the regular grid point in the target imaging area, wherein the calculation mode is as follows:
wherein X represents the abscissa of the grid point within the target area, Z represents the ordinate of the grid point within the target area, SxAbscissa representing the shot point, SzRepresenting the ordinate of the shot, dx representing the grid spacing of the offset velocity model in the transverse direction, and dz representing the grid spacing of the offset velocity model in the longitudinal direction;
step 2.2: solving a kinematics ray tracing equation set by a Longgoku tower method from a shot point along different initial shooting directions to perform ray tracing to obtain discrete point information on a central ray; the kinematic ray tracing equation set is shown as follows:
wherein x isi、pi、viRespectively representing the spatial position, slowness and speed value of the ith discrete point on the central ray, wherein tau represents the seismic wave travel time;
step 2.3: in the ray tracing process, if the distance D of discrete points on adjacent rays on the front of the same seismic wave is larger than a distance threshold value F of inserting a new ray into the discrete points, inserting a new ray between the two discrete points, wherein the starting point of the new ray is the middle position of the two discrete points on the space, the attribute information of the newly inserted ray starting point is the average value of various attribute information of the two discrete points, and all the discrete points before the starting point of the new ray are marked as empty;
and step 3: after the shot points finish all ray tracing, calculating and storing ray bundle information corresponding to the shot point rays according to corresponding shot point ray information;
after the shot point finishes all ray tracing, the width w of a ray beam corresponding to the ray is shown as the following formula:
wherein, V0The average value of the regular grid point speed in the target imaging area is shown, v represents the speed value of discrete points on the central ray, ray represents the central ray, and s represents the ray path;
and 4, step 4: dividing the single earthquake shot record into a plurality of data volumes taking the window center as a core according to window intervals, and carrying out local plane wave decomposition on each data volume;
and 5: ray tracing is carried out according to the method in the step 2 for each window center and a self-adaptive ray encryption mode, and ray information is stored;
step 6: after all ray tracing is completed in the center of each window, calculating and storing ray beam information corresponding to the central rays of each window according to the corresponding window central ray information;
and 7: calculating a deviation weighting coefficient corresponding to a grid point in the coverage range of each ray bundle according to the emergent angle of the central ray and the adjacent central ray at the shot point and the central point of each window;
the method for calculating the offset weighting coefficient corresponding to the grid point in the coverage area of each ray bundle is shown in fig. 2, and specifically includes:
setting the ray beam with the initial radiation angle theta to cover a regular grid point P in a target imaging area, wherein the time taken for the ray beam to reach the point P is tauPSearching central ray of the same initial shooting point leftwards from the initial shooting angle of the ray, and searching according to the small and large emergent angle differenceCable, if the central ray goes up, is tauPIf the discrete point is not null, the left search is finished, and the initial shot angle theta of the central ray is recordedleft(ii) a Similarly, searching the central ray of the same initial shooting point from the initial shooting angle of the ray to the right, searching according to the small and large emergent angle difference, and if the central ray upwards travels by tauPIf the discrete point of (2) is not empty, the right search is ended, and the initial shot angle theta of the central ray is recordedrightAt this time, the offset formula weighting coefficient M of the regular grid point P in the target imaging area for the ray bundle is as follows:
and 8: selecting ray bundle pairs of shot points and window central points to perform migration imaging calculation according to a migration formula, and accumulating migration imaging results of all ray bundle pairs to obtain a beam migration imaging result of the final single-shot seismic record data, wherein the formula is as follows:
wherein, IsRepresenting beam-offset imaging values for single shot seismic record data, L representing different window centers, psRepresenting the slowness value, p, of the ray issued by the shot sbcRepresenting the slowness value of the rays emanating from the center of the window, A representing a weight function related to the distance of the regular grid points to the two central rays within the target imaging area, DsRepresenting the local plane wave decomposition result, p representing the slowness value used in the local plane wave decomposition process, MsRepresenting the offset weighting factor, M, of a regular grid point in the shot-beam in the target imaging regionbcAnd the deviation weighting coefficients of the ray beams are emitted from the regular grid points in the center point of the window in the target imaging area.
In this embodiment, for actual seismic data, a conventional kirchhoff-type beam migration result is shown in fig. 3, and a self-adaptive ray encryption type kirchhoff-type beam migration seismic wave imaging result of the present invention is shown in fig. 4. As can be seen from the two offset result plots: the offset result of the method is clearer in the reaction structure of certain areas, stronger in offset energy and better in suppression of offset noise.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the corresponding technical solutions and scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A self-adaptive ray encryption type kirchhoff beam migration seismic wave imaging method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: reading in seismic records, migration velocity models and parameter files;
step 2: carrying out ray tracing from the shot point according to a self-adaptive ray encryption mode, and storing ray information;
and step 3: after the shot points finish all ray tracing, calculating and storing ray bundle information corresponding to the shot point rays according to corresponding shot point ray information;
and 4, step 4: dividing the single earthquake shot record into a plurality of data volumes taking the window center as a core according to window intervals, and carrying out local plane wave decomposition on each data volume;
and 5: performing ray tracing and storing ray information according to a self-adaptive ray encryption mode aiming at each window center;
step 6: after all ray tracing is completed in the center of each window, calculating and storing ray beam information corresponding to the central rays of each window according to the corresponding window central ray information;
and 7: calculating a deviation weighting coefficient corresponding to a grid point in the coverage range of each ray bundle according to the emergent angle of the central ray and the adjacent central ray at the shot point and the central point of each window;
and 8: and selecting the ray bundle pairs of the shot points and the window central points to perform migration imaging calculation according to a migration formula, and accumulating migration imaging results of all the ray bundle pairs to obtain a beam migration imaging result of the single-shot seismic record data finally.
2. The method for imaging seismic waves by adaptive ray encryption kirchhoff type beam migration according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the parameter file in the step 1 comprises transverse and longitudinal grid points and transverse and longitudinal grid intervals of the migration velocity model, a target imaging region range, seismic source position information, detector distribution and position information, reference frequency, maximum frequency, sampling points and time sampling intervals of each path of seismic records, receiving paths and path intervals corresponding to a single shot, a central ray emergent angle range and an initial ray sampling interval.
3. The method for imaging seismic waves by adaptive ray encryption kirchhoff type beam migration according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the specific method of the step 2 comprises the following steps:
step 2.1: taking a shot point as a starting point, firstly determining the number of initial rays of the shot point and an initial shooting angle according to the emergent angle range of the central rays and the sampling interval delta theta of the initial shooting angle; calculating a distance threshold value F of the new inserted ray corresponding to the regular grid point in the target imaging area, wherein the calculation mode is as follows:
wherein X represents the abscissa of the grid point within the target area, Z represents the ordinate of the grid point within the target area, SxAbscissa representing the shot point, SzRepresenting the ordinate of the shot, dx representing the grid spacing of the offset velocity model in the transverse direction, and dz representing the grid spacing of the offset velocity model in the longitudinal direction;
step 2.2: solving a kinematics ray tracing equation set by a Longgoku tower method from a shot point along different initial shooting directions to perform ray tracing to obtain discrete point information on a central ray; the kinematic ray tracing equation set is shown as follows:
wherein x isi、pi、viRespectively representing the spatial position, slowness and speed value of the ith discrete point on the central ray, wherein tau represents the seismic wave travel time;
step 2.3: in the ray tracing process, if the distance D of discrete points on adjacent rays on the front of the same seismic wave is larger than a distance threshold value F of inserting a new ray into the discrete points, a new ray is inserted between the two discrete points, the starting point of the new ray is the middle position of the two discrete points on the space, the attribute information of the newly inserted ray starting point is the average value of various attribute information of the two discrete points, and all the discrete points before the starting point of the new ray are marked as empty.
4. The method for imaging seismic waves by adaptive ray encryption kirchhoff type beam migration according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 3, after all ray tracing is completed at the shot point, the width w of the ray beam corresponding to the ray is shown by the following formula:
wherein, V0The average value of the regular grid point velocity in the target imaging area is shown as v, the velocity value of discrete points on the central ray is shown as ray, ray is shown as the central ray, and s is shown as the ray path.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the method comprises: step 7, the calculation method of the offset weighting coefficient corresponding to the grid point in the coverage area of each ray bundle is as follows:
setting the ray beam with the initial radiation angle theta to cover a regular grid point P in a target imaging area, wherein the time taken for the ray beam to reach the point P is tauPSearching central ray of the same initial shooting point leftwards from the initial shooting angle of the ray, searching according to the small and large emergent angle difference, if the central ray goes upwards, the time is tauPIf the discrete point is not null, the left search is finished, and the initial shot angle theta of the central ray is recordedleft(ii) a Similarly, searching the central ray of the same initial shooting point from the initial shooting angle of the ray to the right, searching according to the small and large emergent angle difference, and if the central ray upwards travels by tauPIf the discrete point of (2) is not empty, the right search is ended, and the initial shot angle theta of the central ray is recordedrightAt this time, the offset formula weighting coefficient M of the regular grid point P in the target imaging area for the ray bundle is as follows:
6. the method of claim 5, wherein the method comprises: the beam migration imaging result of the final single-shot seismic record data obtained in the step 8 is shown in the following formula:
wherein, IsRepresenting beam-offset imaging values for single shot seismic record data, L representing different window centers, psRepresenting the slowness value, p, of the ray issued by the shot sbcRepresenting the slowness value of the rays emanating from the center of the window, A representing a weight function related to the distance of the regular grid points to the two central rays within the target imaging area, DsRepresenting the local plane wave decomposition result, p representing the slowness value used in the local plane wave decomposition process, MsRepresenting a regular network within a target imaging regionOffset weighting factor, M, of grid points in the ray bundle emitted by the shot pointbcAnd the deviation weighting coefficients of the ray beams are emitted from the regular grid points in the center point of the window in the target imaging area.
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