CN110780341A - Anisotropic seismic imaging method - Google Patents

Anisotropic seismic imaging method Download PDF

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CN110780341A
CN110780341A CN201910977970.XA CN201910977970A CN110780341A CN 110780341 A CN110780341 A CN 110780341A CN 201910977970 A CN201910977970 A CN 201910977970A CN 110780341 A CN110780341 A CN 110780341A
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孙辉
张志厚
廖晓龙
王序宇
杨俊杰
姚禹
孙康
路润琪
陈雨翔
范祥泰
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Southwest Jiaotong University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
    • G01V1/30—Analysis
    • G01V1/301—Analysis for determining seismic cross-sections or geostructures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
    • G01V2210/60—Analysis
    • G01V2210/62—Physical property of subsurface
    • G01V2210/626—Physical property of subsurface with anisotropy
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
    • G01V2210/60—Analysis
    • G01V2210/67—Wave propagation modeling
    • G01V2210/671—Raytracing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
    • G01V2210/60—Analysis
    • G01V2210/67—Wave propagation modeling
    • G01V2210/679—Reverse-time modeling or coalescence modelling, i.e. starting from receivers

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Abstract

The invention discloses an anisotropic seismic imaging method, which comprises the following steps: reading an anisotropic parameter model, a P wave velocity model and a parameter file; carrying out anisotropic ray tracing on the shot points along different directions, and calculating ray bundle information corresponding to each ray; dividing the single shot seismic record into a plurality of window-unit data volumes; calculating partial derivatives of the data volume in each window to time and space, and performing local plane wave decomposition on the seismic records in the window; carrying out anisotropic ray tracing on the center of the window along different directions, and calculating ray bundle information corresponding to each ray; imaging calculation is carried out on all ray bundle pairs in the shot point and the window center according to an imaging formula with weighting coefficients; and superposing the imaging results of all the ray bundles to obtain a final offset imaging result. The method improves the contribution proportion of effective signals to the final imaging result, and improves the anti-interference capability and the calculation accuracy of the anisotropic migration method.

Description

Anisotropic seismic imaging method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of seismic migration imaging, and particularly relates to an anisotropic seismic imaging method.
Background
Conventional offset imaging methods treat the target geologic volume as an isotropic medium, but anisotropy is prevalent in geologic volumes. When processing long offset and wide azimuth seismic data, ignoring the effects of anisotropy easily results in problems such as poor focusing of offset energy, increased offset noise, and the like. These problems can reduce seismic imaging accuracy and can cause certain difficulties in oil and gas exploration.
Doctor paper, doctor 2017, of the university of gilin, discloses kirchhoff-type dynamic focused beam migration, which introduces an anisotropic kirchhoff-type beam migration method that introduces anisotropic ray tracing into the type beam migration to treat anisotropic geobodies. And an imaging test is carried out on the anisotropic Hess model by an anisotropic kirchhoff type beam offset method, and a better offset result is obtained.
"anisotropic medium co-shooting domain Gaussian beam migration" such as Liuqiang is disclosed in the 2016 th 05 th period of petroleum geophysical exploration, and a method for anisotropic Gaussian beam prestack depth migration is introduced, and anisotropic ray tracing and Gaussian beam migration are combined to process anisotropic geologic bodies. And an imaging test is carried out on the anisotropic Hess model by an anisotropic Gaussian beam offset method, and a good imaging result is obtained.
The 'geophysical prospecting chemical exploration computing technology' 2017 No. 4 discloses 'application of anisotropic medium simulated acoustic prestack reverse time migration and imaging conditions' of Ayime Googli, if and the like, introduces an anisotropic reverse time migration imaging method, researches a VTI medium acoustic wave equation, applies optimized normalized cross-correlation imaging conditions, and verifies the method through an anisotropic Hess model to obtain a good imaging effect.
As can be seen from the above examples, the existing imaging method can perform good imaging on the anisotropic data volume to some extent, but the imaging accuracy still needs to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to improve the calculation precision of the anisotropic seismic imaging method, the invention provides the anisotropic seismic imaging method.
The invention discloses an anisotropic seismic imaging method, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: reading an anisotropic parameter model, a P wave velocity model and a parameter file;
step 2: carrying out anisotropic ray tracing on the shot points along different directions by using a Runge-Kutta method, and calculating ray bundle information corresponding to each ray;
and step 3: dividing the single shot seismic record into a plurality of window-unit data volumes;
and 4, step 4: calculating partial derivatives of the data volume in each window to time and space, and performing local plane wave decomposition on the seismic records in the window;
and 5: carrying out anisotropic ray tracing on the center of the window along different directions, and calculating ray bundle information corresponding to each ray;
step 6: imaging calculation is carried out on all ray bundle pairs in the shot point and the window center according to an imaging formula with weighting coefficients;
and 7: and superposing the imaging results of all the ray bundles to obtain a final offset imaging result.
Further, the anisotropic parameter model in step 1 comprises an anisotropic parameter model and an anisotropic parameter model; the parameter file contains the grid size, initial beam width, seismic trace count and trace spacing, number of missing trace sampling points, minimum and maximum frequency.
Further, in step 2, the ray tracing equation system is:
Figure BDA0002234267500000021
Figure BDA0002234267500000022
wherein x is iRepresenting the spatial location of discrete points; p is a radical of i、p n、p lRepresenting a slowness component; tau represents the seismic wave travel time; a is njklBy the formula a njkl＝c ijklC is calculated by ijklIs the modulus of elasticity, ρ is the density; g j、g kIs a feature vector component;
Figure BDA0002234267500000023
are the partial derivative symbols.
After the information of the central ray is known, the information of the corresponding ray beam is obtained through a beam width calculation formula, wherein the beam width w calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002234267500000025
wherein, V sThe velocity value at the shot point, σ is the integral of the velocity over the ray path.
Further, in step 3, the window center interval is selected to be in the range of 200m to 500m, and the duration length of the window is 1.5 times the original beam width.
Further, the imaging formula with the weighting coefficient added in step 6 is as follows:
wherein, I sRepresenting a single shot imaging value; x represents the position of the imaging point; p is a radical of s、p rEmitting rays for shot point and window centre point respectivelyA slowness parameter of; a represents the amplitude; d sIs the local plane wave decomposition result; l is the position of the window center; p 'and τ' are slowness and travel time parameters for local tilt superposition; weight coefficient W in imaging formula p′The expression of (a) is:
Figure BDA0002234267500000031
wherein psi denotes seismic records, psi x、ψ tRespectively, the partial derivatives of the seismic records to space and time, W is a set of points meeting the requirements of slowness and travel time, t jRepresenting the seismic travel time.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, because a new weight coefficient is added in the imaging formula, the contribution proportion of effective signals to a final imaging result is increased, and the anti-interference capability and the calculation accuracy of the anisotropic Kirchoff type beam offset method are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an anisotropic Kirchoff-type beam-shifting imaging method.
FIG. 2 is a P wave velocity distribution diagram of the Hess model.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the anisotropy parameter delta distribution of the Hess model.
FIG. 4 is a distribution diagram of anisotropy parameter ε of the Hess model.
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a local imaging result of a previous anisotropic Kirchoff type beam shifting method of a Hess model.
FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of the local imaging result of the new anisotropic Kirchoff type beam shifting method of the Hess model.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
A flow chart of an anisotropic seismic imaging method is shown in fig. 1, which specifically follows:
1. reading an anisotropic parameter model, a P wave velocity model and a parameter file; the anisotropic parametric model includes an anisotropic parametric sigma model and an anisotropic parametric epsilon model. The parameter file contains the grid size, initial beam width, seismic trace count and trace spacing, number of missing trace sampling points, minimum and maximum frequency.
2. Rays are emitted from the shot point along different directions, and the ray angle ranges are as follows: -70 ° to +70 °, the angular interval Δ θ of the rays being generally chosen as: 2 to 4 degrees, solving an anisotropic kinematic ray tracing equation set by using a Runge-Kutta method, wherein the equation set is as follows:
Figure BDA0002234267500000032
wherein x is iRepresenting the spatial location of discrete points; p is a radical of iRepresenting a slowness component; tau represents the seismic wave travel time; a is njklBy the formula a njkl＝c ijklC is calculated by ijklIs the modulus of elasticity, ρ is the density; g j、g kAre the feature vector components.
After the information of the central ray is known, the information of the corresponding ray beam is obtained through a beam width calculation formula, wherein the beam width w calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002234267500000041
wherein, V sThe velocity value at the shot point, σ is the integral of the velocity over the ray path.
3. The single shot seismic record is divided into a plurality of window-unit data volumes, wherein the window center spacing is typically selected in the range of 200m to 500m, and the window duration is 1.5 times the initial beam width.
4. And calculating the partial derivative of the data volume in the window to time and the partial derivative of the data volume to space, and performing local plane wave decomposition on the seismic records in the window.
5. And (5) carrying out anisotropic ray tracing on the center of the window along different directions, and calculating the information of the ray beam corresponding to each ray, wherein the step 5 is very similar to the step 2, and the only difference is that the coordinate positions of the shot point and the center point of the window are different.
6. And (3) carrying out imaging calculation on all ray beam pairs at the centers of the shot points and the windows according to a new imaging formula added with a weighting function, wherein the original imaging formula of anisotropic Kirchhoff type beam deviation is as follows:
Figure BDA0002234267500000042
wherein, I sRepresenting a single shot imaging value; x represents the position of the imaging point; p is a radical of s、p rSlowness parameters of the emergent rays are respectively sent to the shot point and the window center point; a represents the amplitude; d sIs the local plane wave decomposition result; the position of the center of the window; p 'and τ' are the slowness and travel time parameters superimposed with local tilt. The tau-p domain data volume obtained by local plane wave decomposition in the original imaging formula can influence the final imaging result without difference in equal weight as long as the imaging condition is met, but the local plane wave decomposition step can introduce a lot of invalid tau-p domain data due to the truncation effect and other problems, and the data can generate adverse influence on the final imaging result.
The invention adds a new weight coefficient in the original imaging formula so as to increase the contribution proportion of the effective signal to the final offset result, and the new imaging formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002234267500000043
weight coefficient W in imaging formula p′The expression of (a) is:
wherein psi denotes seismic records, psi x、ψ tThe partial derivatives of the seismic records with respect to space and time, respectively, and W is the set of points that satisfy slowness and travel time requirements.
7. And superposing the imaging results of all the ray bundles to obtain a final offset imaging result.
Simulation verification:
the scheme and the beneficial effects of the invention are verified by an anisotropic Hess model. Fig. 2, 3 and 4 show the P-wave velocity distribution, the δ parameter distribution and the ∈ parameter distribution of the anisotropic Hess model, respectively. 3617 grid points are arranged on the model in the transverse direction, and the grid distance is 20 meters; there are grid points 1501 in the longitudinal direction, with a grid spacing of 20 meters. The data set is 720 shots in total, the shooting mode is single-side shooting, the shot spacing is 100 meters, and the lane spacing is 40 meters; there are no 1333 samples and the sampling interval is 6 ms. FIG. 5 shows the original anisotropic Kirchoff beam-shift imaging results, and FIG. 6 shows the shift results of the method of the present invention. Compared with a result graph, the imaging result of the method has less offset noise and higher signal-to-noise ratio, and the reflected geological structure is clearer.
The method is an important prestack depth migration method for the anisotropic medium, the invalid data in the local oblique superposition is not specially processed for the original imaging formula, and a new weight coefficient is added in the original imaging formula, so that the contribution proportion of the effective signal to the final imaging result is improved, and the calculation accuracy of the anisotropic migration method is improved.

Claims (5)

1. An anisotropic seismic imaging method, comprising the steps of:
step 1: reading an anisotropic parameter model, a P wave velocity model and a parameter file;
step 2: carrying out anisotropic ray tracing on the shot points along different directions by using a Runge-Kutta method, and calculating ray bundle information corresponding to each ray;
and step 3: dividing the single shot seismic record into a plurality of window-unit data volumes;
and 4, step 4: calculating partial derivatives of the data volume in each window to time and space, and performing local plane wave decomposition on the seismic records in the window;
and 5: carrying out anisotropic ray tracing on the center of the window along different directions, and calculating ray bundle information corresponding to each ray;
step 6: imaging calculation is carried out on all ray bundle pairs in the shot point and the window center according to an imaging formula with weighting coefficients;
and 7: and superposing the imaging results of all the ray bundles to obtain a final offset imaging result.
2. An anisotropic seismic imaging method according to claim 1, wherein said anisotropic parametric model comprises an anisotropic parametric model and an anisotropic parametric model; the parameter file includes mesh size, initial beam width, seismic trace number and trace spacing, number of missing trace sampling points, minimum and maximum frequency.
3. An anisotropic seismic imaging method according to claim 1, wherein said ray tracing equations in step 2 are:
Figure FDA0002234267490000011
Figure FDA0002234267490000012
wherein x is iRepresenting the spatial location of discrete points; p is a radical of i、p n、p lRepresenting a slowness component; tau represents the seismic wave travel time; a is njklBy the formula a njkl＝c ijklC is calculated by ijklIs the modulus of elasticity, ρ is the density; g j、g kIs a feature vector component;
after the information of the central ray is known, the information of the corresponding ray beam is obtained through a beam width calculation formula, wherein the beam width w calculation formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0002234267490000013
wherein, V sThe velocity value at the shot point, σ is the integral of the velocity over the ray path.
4. An anisotropic seismic imaging method according to claim 1, wherein in step 3, the window center-to-center spacing is selected in the range of 200m to 500m, and the duration of the window is 1.5 times the initial beam width.
5. An anisotropic seismic imaging method according to claim 1, wherein the weighted imaging formula in step 6 is:
Figure FDA0002234267490000021
wherein, I sRepresenting a single shot imaging value; x represents the position of the imaging point; p is a radical of s、p rSlowness parameters of the emergent rays are respectively sent to the shot point and the window center point; a represents the amplitude; d sIs the local plane wave decomposition result; l is the position of the window center; p 'and τ' are slowness and travel time parameters for local tilt superposition; weight coefficient W in imaging formula p′The expression of (a) is:
Figure FDA0002234267490000022
wherein psi denotes seismic records, psi x、ψ tRespectively, the partial derivatives of the seismic records to space and time, W is a set of points meeting the requirements of slowness and travel time, t jRepresenting the seismic travel time.
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CN114428328A (en) * 2020-09-21 2022-05-03 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Wave packet type depth migration imaging method, equipment and storage medium

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CN114428328A (en) * 2020-09-21 2022-05-03 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Wave packet type depth migration imaging method, equipment and storage medium
CN114428328B (en) * 2020-09-21 2024-08-06 中国石油化工股份有限公司 Wave packet type depth offset imaging method, device and storage medium
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CN112904418A (en) * 2021-01-22 2021-06-04 西南交通大学 Self-adaptive ray encryption type kirchhoff type beam migration seismic wave imaging method
CN112904418B (en) * 2021-01-22 2021-08-17 西南交通大学 Self-adaptive ray encryption type kirchhoff type beam migration seismic wave imaging method

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