CN108363101A - A kind of inclined shaft crosshole seismic Gaussian beam pre-stack depth migration imaging method - Google Patents

A kind of inclined shaft crosshole seismic Gaussian beam pre-stack depth migration imaging method Download PDF

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CN108363101A
CN108363101A CN201810106904.0A CN201810106904A CN108363101A CN 108363101 A CN108363101 A CN 108363101A CN 201810106904 A CN201810106904 A CN 201810106904A CN 108363101 A CN108363101 A CN 108363101A
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CN108363101B (en
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杨飞龙
李博克
李辉峰
王旭
魏峥嵘
张雪
黄鑫鹏
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Xian Shiyou University
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    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01VGEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
    • G01V1/30Analysis
    • G01V1/301Analysis for determining seismic cross-sections or geostructures
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    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of inclined shaft crosshole seismic Gaussian beam pre-stack depth migration imaging methods, include the following steps:(1) files such as well earthquake reflected wave script holder record are read in;(2) seismic wave field is resolved into a series of part plan portion, obtains corresponding data volume;(3) ray tracing is carried out from shot point, the time τ that arbitrary ray is propagated is calculated using eikonal equation;(4) central ray is obtained, Gaussian beam dynamics tracking is carried out, uses Runge Kutta equation solution kinetics ray-tracing equation;(5) seismic amplitude of grid node in beam coverage area is calculated;(6) kinematics and kinetics ray-tracing are carried out from geophone station, calculates and store the attribute information that every ray corresponds to grid node within the scope of beam;(7) shot point and the corresponding beam of geophone station are chosen to carrying out imaging calculating;(8) imaging results of cumulative all beams pair.The invention has the beneficial effects that:The imaging method has high efficiency and high-precision.

Description

一种斜井井间地震高斯束叠前深度偏移成像方法A Prestack Depth Migration Imaging Method of Gaussian Beam Seismic Gaussian Beams in Deviated Wells

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种成像方法,具体涉及一种斜井井间地震高斯束叠前深度偏移成像方法,属于物质或物体的探测技术领域。The invention relates to an imaging method, in particular to a Gaussian beam pre-stack depth migration imaging method for inter-well seismic in inclined wells, and belongs to the technical field of material or object detection.

背景技术Background technique

井间地震勘探时,分别在井中放置震源和检波器,可有效的避开地表低速带对地震信号高频成分的吸收,获得具有较宽频带、极高分辨率的地震信号,可对井间地层、构造、储层等地质目标进行精细成像。During cross-well seismic exploration, the seismic source and geophone are placed in the well, which can effectively avoid the absorption of high-frequency components of seismic signals by the low-velocity zone on the surface, and obtain seismic signals with a wide frequency band and extremely high resolution. Fine imaging of geological targets such as formations, structures, and reservoirs.

常规的井间地震反射波偏移成像方法分为:波动方程类偏移和射线类偏移。Conventional crosswell seismic reflection wave migration imaging methods are divided into wave equation type migration and ray type migration.

波动方程偏移方法求解波动方程的数值解,使用递归波场来成像,一般包括:以单程波动方程为基础的共炮集偏移算法和炮检距域偏移算法以及双程波动方程的逆时偏移算法。这些方法要求精确的成像条件并且单程波动方程偏移不能对陡倾构造准确成像,运算效率较低。The wave equation migration method solves the numerical solution of the wave equation, using the recursive wave field for imaging, generally including: the common shot set migration algorithm based on the one-way wave equation and the offset domain migration algorithm and the inverse of the two-way wave equation time shift algorithm. These methods require precise imaging conditions and one-way wave equation migration cannot accurately image steep structures, and the calculation efficiency is low.

以几何射线理论为基础的偏移算法通过计算地震波场的振幅、相位等实现波场延拓成像,例如Kirchhoff偏移方法。但Kirchhoff偏移方法基于零阶射线理论,不能对焦散区、阴影区和多波至区准确成像,因此在复杂构造区域该成像方法往往不能达到精细勘探的需求。Migration algorithms based on geometric ray theory realize wavefield continuation imaging by calculating the amplitude and phase of seismic wavefields, such as the Kirchhoff migration method. However, the Kirchhoff migration method is based on zero-order ray theory, and cannot accurately image caustic regions, shadow regions, and multi-arrival regions. Therefore, this imaging method often cannot meet the needs of fine exploration in complex structural regions.

第85届SEG年会上公开了《The inverse Gaussian beam common-reflection-point stack imaging in crosswell seismic》,介绍了斜井井间地震反射波逆高斯束叠加成像方案。该方案将每一个检波点处的能量逆高斯分解到反射点的实际位置,对反射波资料进行归位成像,有效改善了常规的VSP-CDP成像方案。"The inverse Gaussian beam common-reflection-point stack imaging in crosswell seismic" was published at the 85th SEG Annual Meeting, which introduced the inverse Gaussian beam stack imaging scheme for crosswell seismic reflection waves in deviated wells. This scheme decomposes the energy inverse Gaussian at each detection point to the actual position of the reflection point, and performs homing imaging on the reflected wave data, which effectively improves the conventional VSP-CDP imaging scheme.

CN104391327A公开了《一种海上斜井井间地震叠前逆时深度偏移成像方法》,介绍了斜井条件下井间地震资料深度域偏移成像方案。该方案采用TTI介质层析反演方法获得偏移模型,并对其进行网格划分,然后采用初至波射线追踪方法计算激发时间成像条件,最后对井间地震反射波场进行波场逆时延拓获得不同时刻波场值,并应用成像条件对每一个网格进行成像获得井间地震深度偏移成像剖面。CN104391327A discloses "A Pre-stack Reverse Time Depth Migration Imaging Method for Offshore Deviated Well Interwell Seismic", which introduces a depth domain migration imaging scheme for interwell seismic data under the condition of inclined well. The scheme uses the TTI medium tomography inversion method to obtain the migration model, and divides it into grids, then uses the first-arrival ray tracing method to calculate the excitation time imaging conditions, and finally performs wave field time inversion on the interwell seismic reflection wave field The wave field values at different times are obtained by continuation, and imaging conditions are applied to each grid to obtain the cross-well seismic depth migration imaging section.

可见,现有成像方法能够在一定程度上解决斜井井间地震反射波场偏移成像,但是基于射线类成像方法计算精度较低,基于波动方程类成像方法实现过程复杂,计算效率也比较低。It can be seen that the existing imaging methods can solve the seismic reflection wavefield migration imaging between deviated wells to a certain extent, but the calculation accuracy of the ray-based imaging method is low, and the wave equation-based imaging method is complicated to implement and the calculation efficiency is relatively low. .

发明内容Contents of the invention

为解决现有技术的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种具有高效率和高精度的斜井井间地震高斯束叠前深度偏移成像方法。In order to solve the deficiencies of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a high-efficiency and high-precision inter-well seismic Gaussian beam pre-stack depth migration imaging method.

一种斜井井间地震高斯束叠前深度偏移成像方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:A pre-stack depth migration imaging method for inter-well seismic Gaussian beams in deviated wells, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

Step1:读入井间地震反射波场记录、观测系统文件、偏移速度文件及相关参数文件,该相关参数文件包括:参与计算地震工区的网格点数、网格间距、高斯束初始宽度、参考频率、最大频率和地震记录采样点数;Step1: Read in the interwell seismic reflection wave field records, observation system files, migration velocity files and related parameter files, which include: the number of grid points involved in the calculation of the seismic work area, the grid spacing, the initial width of the Gaussian beam, and the reference Frequency, maximum frequency and number of seismic recording sampling points;

Step2:在震源位置高斯束的波前特征为平面波,将地震波场分解成一系列的局部平面部,得到相应的数据体;Step2: The wavefront of the Gaussian beam at the source position is characterized by plane waves, and the seismic wave field is decomposed into a series of local plane parts to obtain the corresponding data volume;

Step3:从炮点沿着激发井向下方向到激发井向上方向进行射线追踪,利用程函方程计算任意射线传播的时间(即地震波走时)τ:Step3: Carry out ray tracing from the shot point along the downward direction of the excitation well to the upward direction of the excitation well, and calculate the propagation time of any ray (that is, the travel time of seismic waves) τ by using the equation of the equation:

其中,v为离散点处的速度值;Among them, v is the velocity value at the discrete point;

Step4:通过运动学追踪获取中心射线后进行高斯束动力学追踪,使用龙格库塔方程求解动力学射线追踪方程:Step4: Gaussian beam dynamics tracking is performed after obtaining the center ray through kinematics tracking, and the Runge-Kutta equation is used to solve the dynamic ray tracing equation:

其中,n为相邻射线上的点到中心射线的垂直距离,p、q的初值分别为垂直于中心射线方向上慢度矢量的分量和相邻射线离开中心射线的距离;Among them, n is the vertical distance from the point on the adjacent ray to the central ray, and the initial values of p and q are respectively the component of the slowness vector in the direction perpendicular to the central ray and the distance from the adjacent ray to the central ray;

Step5:根据中心射线计算射线束覆盖范围内网格节点的地震波振幅:Step5: Calculate the seismic wave amplitude of the grid nodes within the coverage of the ray beam according to the central ray:

其中,A0为炮点振幅,q(R)为检波点处相邻射线离开中心射线的距离,N为射线到达检波点时穿过的地层数,Ri为第i个界面的反射系数或透射系数,αi、βi分别为第i个界面处的入射角与透射角,ρi(R)、vi(R)分别为射线穿过第i个界面前的地层密度与速度, 分别为射线穿过第i个界面后的地层密度与速度;Among them, A 0 is the amplitude of the shot point, q(R) is the distance between the adjacent ray at the receiver point and the central ray, N is the number of formations that the ray passes through when it reaches the receiver point, and R i is the reflection coefficient of the i-th interface or transmission coefficient, α i , β i are the incident angle and transmission angle at the i-th interface, respectively, ρ i (R), v i (R) are the formation density and velocity before the ray passes through the i-th interface, respectively, Respectively, the formation density and velocity after the ray passes through the i-th interface;

Step6:从检波点沿着接收井向下方向到接收井向上方向进行运动学和动力学射线追踪,计算并存储每条射线对应射线束范围内网格节点的属性信息,该属性信息包括:地震波的振幅和走时;Step6: Carry out kinematic and dynamic ray tracing from the receiver point along the downward direction of the receiving well to the upward direction of the receiving well, calculate and store the attribute information of the grid nodes within the range of each ray corresponding to the ray beam, the attribute information includes: seismic wave amplitude and travel time;

Step7:选取炮点和检波点相应的射线束对进行成像计算,计算方程如下:Step7: Select the ray beam pairs corresponding to the shot point and the receiver point for imaging calculation, and the calculation equation is as follows:

其中,Is(x)为点x处的成像值,ps为炮点发出射线的慢度值,pbc为检波点发出射线的慢度值,A为权函数,Ds为局部平面波分解结果,L为单炮记录中划分的不同窗,p′为炮记录用于局部倾斜叠加的慢度参数,τ′为炮点发出射线束到达成像点处的走时与检波点发出射线束到达成像点处的走时之和;Among them, I s (x) is the imaging value at point x, p s is the slowness value of the ray from the shot point, p bc is the slowness value of the ray from the receiver point, A is the weight function, D s is the local plane wave decomposition As a result, L is the different windows divided in the single shot record, p' is the slowness parameter of the shot record for local oblique stacking, τ' is the travel time of the ray beam from the shot point to the imaging point and the arrival time of the ray beam from the receiver point to the imaging point The sum of travel times at the point;

Step8:累加所有射线束对的成像结果,得到最终的偏移成像结果。Step8: Accumulate the imaging results of all ray beam pairs to obtain the final migration imaging result.

本发明的有益之处在于:The benefits of the present invention are:

1、采用井间地震高斯射线束传播算子,解决了波动方程法成像效率低问题,克服了地面地震成像方法在深部构造成像微弱、分辨率不够等不足;1. The cross-well seismic Gaussian ray beam propagation operator is used to solve the problem of low imaging efficiency of the wave equation method, and overcome the shortcomings of the ground seismic imaging method such as weak imaging of deep structures and insufficient resolution;

2、使用动力学射线追踪,克服了射线类偏移成像方法在复杂构造区域(如焦散区、奇异区等)无法精细成像的困难;2. The use of dynamic ray tracing overcomes the difficulty that ray-like migration imaging methods cannot perform fine imaging in complex structural regions (such as caustic regions, singular regions, etc.);

3、高斯束具有一定的有效宽度,可以选择对计算点有贡献的高斯束的叠加来计算最终的波场,有效提高了计算效率,是一种兼顾效率和精度的成像方法。3. The Gaussian beam has a certain effective width, and the superposition of the Gaussian beams that contribute to the calculation point can be selected to calculate the final wave field, which effectively improves the calculation efficiency and is an imaging method that takes into account both efficiency and precision.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是本发明的斜井井间地震高斯束叠前深度偏移成像方法的流程图;Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the inter-well seismic Gaussian beam pre-stack depth migration imaging method of deviated wells of the present invention;

图2(a)是井间地震高斯束偏移激发点射线束传播范围示意图;Fig. 2(a) is a schematic diagram of the ray beam propagation range at the excitation point of cross-well seismic Gaussian beam migration;

图2(b)是井间地震高斯束偏移接收点射线束传播范围示意图;Fig. 2(b) is a schematic diagram of the ray beam propagation range at the receiving point of cross-well seismic Gaussian beam migration;

图3是速度模型图;Fig. 3 is a velocity model diagram;

图4是井间地震高斯束叠前深度偏移成像剖面;Fig. 4 is the cross-well seismic Gaussian beam prestack depth migration imaging section;

图5是中海油某区块实际资料成像剖面中的过井地面地震剖面;Figure 5 is the surface seismic section through the well in the actual data imaging section of a certain block of CNOOC;

图6是中海油某区块实际资料斜井井间地震高斯束叠前深度偏移成像剖面。Figure 6 is the cross-well seismic Gaussian beam pre-stack depth migration imaging section of the actual data of a certain block of CNOOC.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

以下结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作具体的介绍。The present invention will be specifically introduced below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

参照图1,本发明的斜井井间地震高斯束叠前深度偏移成像方法包括以下步骤:Referring to Fig. 1, the inter-well seismic Gaussian beam pre-stack depth migration imaging method of the present invention comprises the following steps:

Step1:读入文件Step1: read in the file

读入井间地震反射波场记录、观测系统文件、偏移速度文件及相关参数文件,其中,该相关参数文件包括:参与计算地震工区的网格点数、网格间距、高斯束初始宽度、参考频率、最大频率和地震记录采样点数。Read in the interwell seismic reflection wave field records, observation system files, migration velocity files and related parameter files, where the related parameter files include: the number of grid points involved in the calculation of the seismic work area, the grid spacing, the initial width of the Gaussian beam, the reference Frequency, maximum frequency and number of seismic record sampling points.

Step2:分解地震波场Step2: Decompose the seismic wave field

在震源位置高斯束的波前特征为平面波,将地震波场分解成一系列的局部平面部,得到相应的数据体。The wavefront of the Gaussian beam at the source position is characterized by plane waves, and the seismic wave field is decomposed into a series of local plane parts to obtain the corresponding data volume.

Step3:从炮点进行射线追踪并计算地震波旅行时Step3: Carry out ray tracing from the shot point and calculate the seismic wave travel time

从炮点沿着激发井向下方向到激发井向上方向进行射线追踪,利用程函方程计算任意射线传播的时间(即地震波走时)τ:Ray tracing is carried out from the shot point along the downward direction of the excitation well to the upward direction of the excitation well, and the propagation time of any ray (that is, the travel time of seismic waves) τ is calculated by using the equation of the equation:

其中,v为离散点处的速度值。Among them, v is the velocity value at the discrete point.

斜井井间地震高斯束叠前深度偏移炮点(激发点)按照一定角度出射的射线束传播范围如图2(a)所示。Figure 2(a) shows the propagation range of the ray beam emitted by the shot point (excitation point) of the Gaussian beam prestack depth migration shot point (excitation point) at a certain angle in the inclined well interwell seismic Gaussian beam.

Step4:求解动力学射线追踪方程Step4: Solve the dynamic ray tracing equation

通过运动学追踪获取中心射线后进行高斯束动力学追踪,使用龙格库塔方程求解动力学射线追踪方程:Gaussian beam dynamics tracing is performed after the central ray is obtained through kinematics tracing, and the Runge-Kutta equation is used to solve the dynamic ray tracing equation:

其中,n为相邻射线上的点到中心射线的垂直距离,p、q的初值分别为垂直于中心射线方向上慢度矢量的分量和相邻射线离开中心射线的距离。Among them, n is the vertical distance from the point on the adjacent ray to the central ray, and the initial values of p and q are respectively the component of the slowness vector in the direction perpendicular to the central ray and the distance from the adjacent ray to the central ray.

Step5:求取射线束覆盖范围内网格节点的振幅信息Step5: Obtain the amplitude information of the grid nodes within the coverage of the ray beam

根据中心射线计算射线束覆盖范围内网格节点的地震波振幅:Compute seismic wave amplitudes at grid nodes within the coverage of the ray beam from the central ray:

其中,A0为炮点振幅,q(R)为检波点处相邻射线离开中心射线的距离,N为射线到达检波点时穿过的地层数,Ri为第i个界面的反射系数或透射系数,αi、βi分别为第i个界面处的入射角与透射角,ρi(R)、vi(R)分别为射线穿过第i个界面前的地层密度与速度,(R)、vi(R)分别为射线穿过第i个界面后的地层密度与速度。Among them, A 0 is the amplitude of the shot point, q(R) is the distance between the adjacent ray at the receiver point and the central ray, N is the number of formations that the ray passes through when it reaches the receiver point, and R i is the reflection coefficient of the i-th interface or transmission coefficient, α i , β i are the incident angle and transmission angle at the i-th interface, respectively, ρ i (R), v i (R) are the formation density and velocity before the ray passes through the i-th interface, respectively, (R), v i (R) are the formation density and velocity after the ray passes through the i-th interface, respectively.

Step6:从检波点进行射线追踪并计算网格节点的属性信息Step6: Perform ray tracing from the receiver point and calculate the attribute information of the grid node

从检波点沿着接收井向下方向到接收井向上方向进行运动学与动力学射线追踪,计算并存储每条射线束范围内网格节点的属性信息,该属性信息包括:地震波的振幅和走时。Carry out kinematics and dynamics ray tracing from the receiver point along the downward direction of the receiving well to the upward direction of the receiving well, calculate and store the attribute information of the grid nodes within the range of each ray beam, the attribute information includes: seismic wave amplitude and travel time .

斜井井间地震高斯束叠前深度偏移检波点(接收点)按照一定角度出射的射线束传播范围如图2(b)所示。Figure 2(b) shows the propagation range of the ray beam emitted by the prestack depth migration receiver point (receiving point) of the cross-well seismic Gaussian beam in a deviated well at a certain angle.

Step7:进行成像计算Step7: Carry out imaging calculation

选取炮点和检波点相应的射线束对进行互相关成像计算,计算方程如下:The ray beam pairs corresponding to the shot point and the receiver point are selected for cross-correlation imaging calculation, and the calculation equation is as follows:

其中,Is(x)为点x处的成像值,ps为炮点发出射线的慢度值,pbc为检波点发出射线的慢度值,A为权函数,Ds为局部平面波分解结果,L为单炮记录中划分的不同窗,p′为炮记录用于局部倾斜叠加的慢度参数,τ′为炮点发出射线束到达成像点处的走时与检波点发出射线束到达成像点处的走时之和。Among them, I s (x) is the imaging value at point x, p s is the slowness value of the ray from the shot point, p bc is the slowness value of the ray from the receiver point, A is the weight function, D s is the local plane wave decomposition As a result, L is the different windows divided in the single shot record, p' is the slowness parameter of the shot record for local oblique stacking, τ' is the travel time of the ray beam from the shot point to the imaging point and the arrival time of the ray beam from the receiver point to the imaging point The sum of travel times at the point.

Step8:累加成像结果Step8: Accumulate imaging results

累加所有射线束对的成像结果,得到最终的偏移成像结果。The imaging results of all ray beam pairs are accumulated to obtain the final migration imaging result.

为了验证本发明提供的成像方法具有很好的成像效果,我们分别在正演模型和中海油某区块进行了井间地震资料成像试验。In order to verify that the imaging method provided by the present invention has a good imaging effect, we conducted cross-well seismic data imaging tests in the forward modeling model and a block of CNOOC respectively.

1、在正演模型上进行井间地震资料成像试验1. Conduct cross-well seismic data imaging test on the forward modeling model

速度模型(正演模型)如图3所示。The velocity model (forward model) is shown in Figure 3.

从图3中可以看出:两井之间存在逆断层、砂体尖灭和倾斜产状的地层等。It can be seen from Fig. 3 that there are reverse faults, pinch-out of sand bodies and formations with inclined occurrences between the two wells.

我们采用本发明提供的方法进行成像,其中:We adopt the method provided by the invention to carry out imaging, wherein:

(1)读入的参数:井间地震反射波场记录(reflectwavefield.cds)、观测系统文件(geom.lge)、平滑后的速度文件(velosmooth.dat)。(1) Parameters read in: crosswell seismic reflection wavefield record (reflectwavefield.cds), observation system file (geom.lge), smoothed velocity file (velosmooth.dat).

(2)设定的相关参数文件:参与计算地震工区的网格点数nx、网格间距dx、参考频率f、最大频率fmax、地震记录采样点数nt以及高斯束初始宽度w。(2) Relevant parameter files set: grid point nx, grid spacing dx, reference frequency f, maximum frequency f max , seismic record sampling point nt, and Gaussian beam initial width w involved in the calculation of the seismic work area.

(3)从炮点沿着激发井向下方向到激发井向上方向进行射线追踪,入射角度范围:-20°~160°。(3) Ray tracing is carried out from the shot point along the downward direction of the excitation well to the upward direction of the excitation well, and the incident angle range is -20°~160°.

(4)从检波点沿着接收井向下方向到接收井向上方向进行运动学与动力学射线追踪,入射角度:30°~165°。(4) Carry out kinematic and dynamic ray tracing from the receiver point along the downward direction of the receiving well to the upward direction of the receiving well, and the incident angle: 30°~165°.

斜井井间地震高斯束叠前深度偏移成像剖面如图4所示。The cross-well seismic Gaussian beam prestack depth migration imaging section of the deviated well is shown in Fig. 4.

从图4中可以看出:本发明的成像方法对图3中所示的逆断层以及倾斜产状的地层成像效果与模型对应非常好。It can be seen from FIG. 4 that the imaging method of the present invention corresponds very well to the model for the stratum imaging effect of the reverse fault and inclined occurrence shown in FIG. 3 .

由此可见,应用本发明提供的成像方法对典型的井间复杂构造模型进行了成功的高斯束叠前深度偏移成像,检验了方法的正确性、有效性和稳定性。It can be seen that the Gaussian beam prestack depth migration imaging has been successfully performed on a typical inter-well complex structure model by using the imaging method provided by the present invention, and the correctness, effectiveness and stability of the method have been verified.

2、在中海油某区块进行井间地震资料成像试验2. Conducted cross-well seismic data imaging test in a certain block of CNOOC

中海油某区块地面地震勘探过井剖面如图5所示。Figure 5 shows the cross-section of the ground seismic exploration well in a certain block of CNOOC.

从图5可以看出,目的层在0.4s~0.6s之间,目的层中微小断裂构造发育,地面地震成像方法对目标区微小构造分辨程度较低。It can be seen from Fig. 5 that the target layer is between 0.4s and 0.6s, and micro-fault structures are developed in the target layer, and the resolution of microstructures in the target area by ground seismic imaging method is relatively low.

我们采用本发明提供的方法进行成像,其中:We adopt the method provided by the invention to carry out imaging, wherein:

(1)读入的文件:反射波场记录(oriwavefield.cds)、观测系统文件(geometry.lge)、平滑后的速度文件(velo_smooth.dat)。(1) Files read in: reflected wavefield record (oriwavefield.cds), observation system file (geometry.lge), smoothed velocity file (velo_smooth.dat).

(2)设定的相关参数文件:参与计算地震工区的网格点数nx、网格间距dx、参考频率f、最大频率fmax、地震记录采样点数nt以及高斯束初始宽度w。(2) Relevant parameter files set: grid point nx, grid spacing dx, reference frequency f, maximum frequency f max , seismic record sampling point nt, and Gaussian beam initial width w involved in the calculation of the seismic work area.

(3)从炮点沿着激发井向下方向到激发井向上方向进行射线追踪,入射角度范围:-5°~85°。(3) Ray tracing is carried out from the shot point along the downward direction of the excitation well to the upward direction of the excitation well, and the incident angle range is -5°~85°.

(4)从检波点沿着接收井向下方向到接收井向上方向进行运动学与动力学射线追踪,入射角度:-160°~20°。(4) Carry out kinematic and dynamic ray tracing from the receiver point along the downward direction of the receiving well to the upward direction of the receiving well, and the incident angle: -160°~20°.

中海油该区块实际资料斜井井间地震高斯束叠前深度偏移成像剖面如图6所示。The cross-well seismic Gaussian beam pre-stack depth migration imaging section of the deviated well interwell seismic data in this block of CNOOC is shown in Fig. 6.

从图6可以看出:斜井井间地震高斯束叠前深度偏移成像剖面目的层间构造特征刻画的更清楚,地层产状与地面地震成像结果基本一致,地面地震剖面中CDP间隔为12.5m,井间地震偏移剖面中CDP间隔为3.125m。It can be seen from Fig. 6 that the interlayer structural characteristics of the cross-well seismic Gaussian beam pre-stack depth migration imaging section of the deviated well are more clearly described, the stratum occurrence is basically consistent with the surface seismic imaging results, and the CDP interval in the surface seismic section is 12.5 m, and the CDP interval in the interwell seismic migration profile is 3.125m.

此外,从图6还可以看出:本发明提供的斜井井间地震高斯束叠前深度偏移成像方法能够精细刻画地质构造形态,成像结果分辨率更高。In addition, it can also be seen from Fig. 6 that the inter-well seismic Gaussian beam prestack depth migration imaging method for deviated wells provided by the present invention can finely describe the geological structure, and the resolution of the imaging result is higher.

由此可见,应用本发明提供的成像方法对具有较复杂构造的中海油某井间地震勘探区块实际资料进行的高斯束叠前深度偏移成像处理,获得了较好的地质成像效果。It can be seen that the application of the imaging method provided by the present invention to Gaussian beam pre-stack depth migration imaging processing of the actual data of a CNOOC interwell seismic exploration block with a relatively complex structure has obtained better geological imaging effects.

需要说明的是,上述实施例不以任何形式限制本发明,凡采用等同替换或等效变换的方式所获得的技术方案,均落在本发明的保护范围内。It should be noted that the above embodiments do not limit the present invention in any form, and all technical solutions obtained by means of equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. a kind of inclined shaft crosshole seismic Gaussian beam pre-stack depth migration imaging method, which is characterized in that include the following steps:
Step1:Read in well earthquake reflected wave script holder record, observation system file, migration velocity file and relevant parameter file;
Step2:In hypocentral location, the wavefront features of Gaussian beam are plane wave, and seismic wave field is resolved into a series of part plan Portion obtains corresponding data volume;
Step3:Ray tracing in downward direction is carried out to excitation well upward direction from shot point along excitation well, utilizes eikonal equation meter Calculate the time τ that arbitrary ray is propagated:
Wherein, v is the velocity amplitude at discrete point;
Step4:It is tracked by kinematics and carries out Gaussian beam dynamics tracking after obtaining central ray, asked using Runge Kutta equation Solve kinematics ray tracing equation:
Wherein, n is vertical range of the point on adjacent ray to central ray, and the initial value of p, q are respectively perpendicular to central ray The component of slowness vector and adjacent ray leave the distance of central ray on direction;
Step5:The seismic amplitude of grid node in beam coverage area is calculated according to central ray:
Wherein, A0For shot point amplitude, q (R) is the distance that adjacent ray leaves central ray at geophone station, and N is that ray reaches detection The ground number of plies passed through when point, RiFor the reflectance factor or transmission coefficient at i-th of interface, αi、βiRespectively i-th interface enters Firing angle and angle of transmission, ρi(R)、vi(R) it is respectively density of earth formations and speed of the ray before i-th of interface, Respectively density of earth formations and speed of the ray behind i-th of interface;
Step6:Ray tracing in downward direction is carried out to received well upward direction from geophone station along received well, calculates and stores every Ray corresponds to the attribute information of grid node within the scope of beam;
Step7:Shot point and the corresponding beam of geophone station are chosen to carrying out imaging calculating, accounting equation is as follows:
Wherein, Is(x) be point x at picture value, psThe slowness value of ray, p are sent out for shot pointbcThe slow of ray is sent out for geophone station Angle value, A are weight function, DsFor Local plane wave decomposition as a result, L is the different window divided in single shot record, p ' is that big gun record is used In the slowness parameter of local dip superposition, τ ' sends out for shot point and sends out ray with geophone station when walking at beam arrival imaging point Beam reach imaging point at the sum of when walking;
Step8:The imaging results of cumulative all beams pair, obtain final migration imaging result.
2. inclined shaft crosshole seismic Gaussian beam pre-stack depth migration imaging method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that In Step1, the relevant parameter file includes:Grid dimension, grid spacing, the Gaussian beam for participating in calculating earthquake work area are initially wide Degree, reference frequency, maximum frequency and earthquake record sampling number.
3. inclined shaft crosshole seismic Gaussian beam pre-stack depth migration imaging method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that In Step6, the attribute information includes:The amplitude of seismic wave and when walking.
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