CN108363101A - A kind of inclined shaft crosshole seismic Gaussian beam pre-stack depth migration imaging method - Google Patents
A kind of inclined shaft crosshole seismic Gaussian beam pre-stack depth migration imaging method Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/30—Analysis
- G01V1/301—Analysis for determining seismic cross-sections or geostructures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/50—Corrections or adjustments related to wave propagation
- G01V2210/51—Migration
- G01V2210/512—Pre-stack
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of inclined shaft crosshole seismic Gaussian beam pre-stack depth migration imaging methods, include the following steps：(1) files such as well earthquake reflected wave script holder record are read in；(2) seismic wave field is resolved into a series of part plan portion, obtains corresponding data volume；(3) ray tracing is carried out from shot point, the time τ that arbitrary ray is propagated is calculated using eikonal equation；(4) central ray is obtained, Gaussian beam dynamics tracking is carried out, uses Runge Kutta equation solution kinetics ray-tracing equation；(5) seismic amplitude of grid node in beam coverage area is calculated；(6) kinematics and kinetics ray-tracing are carried out from geophone station, calculates and store the attribute information that every ray corresponds to grid node within the scope of beam；(7) shot point and the corresponding beam of geophone station are chosen to carrying out imaging calculating；(8) imaging results of cumulative all beams pair.The invention has the beneficial effects that：The imaging method has high efficiency and high-precision.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of imaging methods, and in particular to a kind of inclined shaft crosshole seismic Gaussian beam pre-stack depth migration imaging
Method belongs to the detection technology field of substance or object.
Background technology
When crosshole seismic is explored, focus and wave detector are placed in well respectively, can effectively avoid earth's surface weathering zone over the ground
Shake signal radio-frequency component absorption, obtain with broad frequency band, very high resolution seismic signal, can to well formation, construction,
The geologic objectives such as reservoir carry out Precise imaging.
Conventional well earthquake reflected wave offset imaging method is divided into：Wave equation class deviates and the offset of ray class.
The numerical solution of wave equation migration Method for Wave Equation is imaged using recurrence wave field, is generally comprised：With list
The reverse-time migration of total big gun collection migration algorithm and migration in offset domain migration algorithm and round trip wave equation based on journey wave equation
Algorithm.These methods require accurate image-forming condition and one-way wave equation offset cannot transport steep dip formation accurate imaging
It is less efficient.
Migration algorithm based on geometrical ray theory realizes that wave field prolongs by amplitude, the phase etc. for calculating seismic wave field
Open up imaging, such as Kirchhoff offset methods.But Kirchhoff offset methods are based on zeroth order ray theory, cannot be to caustic
The imaging method tends not to reach fine granularing scalability to area's accurate imaging, therefore in complicated structure region by area, shadow region and Duo Bo
Demand.
It is disclosed in 85th SEG meeting《The inverse Gaussian beam common-reflection-
point stack imaging in crosswell seismic》, it is folded against Gaussian beam to describe inclined shaft well earthquake reflected wave
Addition image space case.Physical location of the program by the energy at each geophone station against Gauss Decomposition to pip, to back wave
Data carries out playback imaging, effectively improves conventional VSP-CDP imaging schemes.
CN104391327A is disclosed《A kind of sea inclined shaft crosshole seismic prestack reverse-time depth migration imaging method》, introduce
Cross-well seismic data Depth Domain migration imaging scheme under the conditions of inclined shaft.The program is obtained using TTI medium chromatography conversion methods
Migration model, and mesh generation is carried out to it, then preliminary wave ray-tracing procedure is used to calculate firing time image-forming condition, most
Different moments wave field value is obtained into the continuation of traveling-wave field inverse time to well earthquake reflected wave field afterwards, and application image-forming condition is to each
Grid carries out imaging and obtains crosshole seismic depth migration imaging section.
As it can be seen that existing imaging method can solve the imaging of inclined shaft well earthquake reflected wave field offset to a certain extent, but
It is relatively low based on ray class imaging method computational accuracy, realizes that process is complicated based on wave equation class imaging method, computational efficiency
Also relatively low.
Invention content
To solve the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide one kind having high efficiency and high-precision inclined shaft
Crosshole seismic Gaussian beam pre-stack depth migration imaging method.
A kind of inclined shaft crosshole seismic Gaussian beam pre-stack depth migration imaging method, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
Step1：Read in well earthquake reflected wave script holder record, observation system file, migration velocity file and relevant parameter text
Part, the relevant parameter file include：It participates in calculating the Grid dimension in earthquake work area, grid spacing, Gaussian beam original width, refer to
Frequency, maximum frequency and earthquake record sampling number；
Step2：In hypocentral location, the wavefront features of Gaussian beam are plane wave, and seismic wave field is resolved into a series of part
Planar portions obtain corresponding data volume；
Step3：Ray tracing in downward direction is carried out to excitation well upward direction from shot point along excitation well, utilizes eikonal side
Journey calculates time (i.e. seimic travel time) τ that arbitrary ray is propagated：
Wherein, v is the velocity amplitude at discrete point；
Step4：It is tracked by kinematics and carries out Gaussian beam dynamics tracking after obtaining central ray, use Runge Kutta side
Journey solves kinetics ray-tracing equation：
Wherein, n is vertical range of the point on adjacent ray to central ray, and the initial value of p, q are respectively perpendicular to center
The component of slowness vector and adjacent ray leave the distance of central ray in directions of rays；
Step5：The seismic amplitude of grid node in beam coverage area is calculated according to central ray：
Wherein, A0For shot point amplitude, q (R) is the distance that adjacent ray leaves central ray at geophone station, and N arrives for ray
The ground number of plies passed through when up to geophone station, RiFor the reflectance factor or transmission coefficient at i-th of interface, αi、βiRespectively i-th of interface
The incidence angle and angle of transmission at place, ρi(R)、vi(R) it is respectively density of earth formations and speed of the ray before i-th of interface, Respectively density of earth formations and speed of the ray behind i-th of interface；
Step6：In downward direction kinematics is carried out to received well upward direction and dynamics is penetrated from geophone station along received well
Line is tracked, and calculates and store the attribute information that every ray corresponds to grid node within the scope of beam, which includes：Ground
The amplitude of seismic wave and when walking；
Step7：Shot point and the corresponding beam of geophone station are chosen to carrying out imaging calculating, accounting equation is as follows：
Wherein, Is(x) be point x at picture value, psThe slowness value of ray, p are sent out for shot pointbcRay is sent out for geophone station
Slowness value, A is weight function, DsFor Local plane wave decomposition as a result, L is the different window divided in single shot record, p ' remembers for big gun
The slowness parameter being superimposed in local dip is employed, τ ' is that shot point sends out being sent out with geophone station when walking at beam arrival imaging point
Beam reach imaging point at the sum of when walking；
Step8：The imaging results of cumulative all beams pair, obtain final migration imaging result.
The invention has the beneficial effects that：
1, it using crosshole seismic Gaussian ray bundle propagation operator, solves the problems, such as that Wave Equation Method imaging efficiency is low, overcomes
Surface seismic imaging method is the deficiencies of infrastructure imaging is faint, resolution ratio is inadequate；
2, using kinetics ray-tracing, overcome ray class offset imaging method complicated structure region (such as caustic area,
Singular area etc.) can not Precise imaging difficulty；
3, Gaussian beam has certain effective width, can select to calculate calculating the superposition of the contributive Gaussian beam of point
Final wave field, effectively increases computational efficiency, is a kind of imaging method for taking into account efficiency and precision.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the inclined shaft crosshole seismic Gaussian beam pre-stack depth migration imaging method of the present invention；
Fig. 2 (a) is crosshole seismic Gaussian beam offset shot point beam spread scope schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 (b) is crosshole seismic Gaussian beam offset receiving point beam spread scope schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is rate pattern figure；
Fig. 4 is crosshole seismic Gaussian beam pre-stack depth migration imaging section；
Fig. 5 is to cross well surface seismic section in CNOOC block real data imaging section；
Fig. 6 is CNOOC block real data inclined shaft crosshole seismic Gaussian beam pre-stack depth migration imaging section.
Specific implementation mode
Specific introduce is made to the present invention below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Referring to Fig.1, inclined shaft crosshole seismic Gaussian beam pre-stack depth migration imaging method of the invention includes the following steps：
Step1：Read in file
Well earthquake reflected wave script holder record, observation system file, migration velocity file and relevant parameter file are read in,
In, which includes：It participates in calculating the Grid dimension in earthquake work area, grid spacing, Gaussian beam original width, refer to
Frequency, maximum frequency and earthquake record sampling number.
Step2：Decompose seismic wave field
In hypocentral location, the wavefront features of Gaussian beam are plane wave, and seismic wave field is resolved into a series of part plan
Portion obtains corresponding data volume.
Step3：When carrying out ray tracing from shot point and calculating seismic wave travelling
Ray tracing in downward direction is carried out to excitation well upward direction from shot point along excitation well, is calculated using eikonal equation
Time (i.e. seimic travel time) τ that arbitrary ray is propagated：
Wherein, v is the velocity amplitude at discrete point.
Inclined shaft crosshole seismic Gaussian beam pre-stack depth migration shot point (shot point) is passed according to the beam that certain angle is emitted
It broadcasts shown in range such as Fig. 2 (a).
Step4：Solve kinetics ray-tracing equation
It is tracked by kinematics and carries out Gaussian beam dynamics tracking after obtaining central ray, use Runge Kutta equation solution
Kinetics ray-tracing equation：
Wherein, n is vertical range of the point on adjacent ray to central ray, and the initial value of p, q are respectively perpendicular to center
The component of slowness vector and adjacent ray leave the distance of central ray in directions of rays.
Step5：Seek the amplitude information of grid node in beam coverage area
The seismic amplitude of grid node in beam coverage area is calculated according to central ray：
Wherein, A0For shot point amplitude, q (R) is the distance that adjacent ray leaves central ray at geophone station, and N arrives for ray
The ground number of plies passed through when up to geophone station, RiFor the reflectance factor or transmission coefficient at i-th of interface, αi、βiRespectively i-th of interface
The incidence angle and angle of transmission at place, ρi(R)、vi(R) it is respectively density of earth formations and speed of the ray before i-th of interface,(R)、
vi(R) it is respectively density of earth formations and speed of the ray behind i-th of interface.
Step6：Ray tracing is carried out from geophone station and calculates the attribute information of grid node
Kinematics and dynamics ray tracing in downward direction is carried out to received well upward direction from geophone station along received well,
The attribute information of grid node within the scope of every beam is calculated and stores, which includes：It the amplitude of seismic wave and walks
When.
The beam that inclined shaft crosshole seismic Gaussian beam pre-stack depth migration geophone station (receiving point) is emitted according to certain angle
Shown in spread scope such as Fig. 2 (b).
Step7：Carry out imaging calculating
It chooses shot point and the corresponding beam of geophone station and calculates carrying out cross-correlation imaging, accounting equation is as follows：
Wherein, Is(x) be point x at picture value, psThe slowness value of ray, p are sent out for shot pointbcRay is sent out for geophone station
Slowness value, A is weight function, DsFor Local plane wave decomposition as a result, L is the different window divided in single shot record, p ' remembers for big gun
The slowness parameter being superimposed in local dip is employed, τ ' is that shot point sends out being sent out with geophone station when walking at beam arrival imaging point
Beam reach imaging point at the sum of when walking.
Step8：Cumulative imaging results
The imaging results of cumulative all beams pair, obtain final migration imaging result.
There is good imaging effect in order to verify imaging method provided by the invention, we are respectively in forward model in
Extra large certain block of oil has carried out cross-well seismic data imaging test.
1, cross-well seismic data imaging test is carried out on forward model
Rate pattern (forward model) is as shown in Figure 3.
As can be seen from Figure 3：There are reversed fault, sand body pinching and the stratum etc. for tilting occurrence between two wells.
We are imaged using method provided by the invention, wherein：
(1) parameter read in：Well earthquake reflected wave script holder records (reflectwavefield.cds), observation system file
(geom.lge), the speed file (velosmooth.dat) after smooth.
(2) the relevant parameter file set：Participate in calculating the Grid dimension nx in earthquake work area, grid spacing dx, with reference to frequency
Rate f, maximum frequency fmax, earthquake record sampling number nt and Gaussian beam original width w.
(3) ray tracing, incident angle model in downward direction are carried out to excitation well upward direction from shot point along excitation well
It encloses：- 20 °~160 °.
(4) in downward direction kinematics and dynamics ray is carried out to received well upward direction along received well from geophone station to chase after
Track, incident angle：30 °~165 °.
Inclined shaft crosshole seismic Gaussian beam pre-stack depth migration imaging section is as shown in Figure 4.
As can be seen from Figure 4：Stratum of the imaging method of the present invention to reversed fault shown in Fig. 3 and inclination occurrence
Imaging effect is corresponding with model very good.
It can be seen that complicated structure model has carried out successfully between typical well using imaging method provided by the invention
Gaussian beam pre-stack depth migration imaging examines the correctness, validity and stability of method.
2, cross-well seismic data imaging test is carried out in CNOOC block
It is as shown in Figure 5 that CNOOC block surface seismic exploration crosses well profile.
From fig. 5, it can be seen that target zone is between 0.4s~0.6s, micro-cracks structure development in target zone, ground
It is relatively low to shake imaging method construction resolution degree small to target area.
We are imaged using method provided by the invention, wherein：
(1) file read in：Reflected wave field records (oriwavefield.cds), observation system file
(geometry.lge), the speed file (velo_smooth.dat) after smooth.
(2) the relevant parameter file set：Participate in calculating the Grid dimension nx in earthquake work area, grid spacing dx, with reference to frequency
Rate f, maximum frequency fmax, earthquake record sampling number nt and Gaussian beam original width w.
(3) ray tracing, incident angle model in downward direction are carried out to excitation well upward direction from shot point along excitation well
It encloses：- 5 °~85 °.
(4) in downward direction kinematics and dynamics ray is carried out to received well upward direction along received well from geophone station to chase after
Track, incident angle：- 160 °~20 °.
The CNOOC block real data inclined shaft crosshole seismic Gaussian beam pre-stack depth migration imaging section is as shown in Figure 6.
As can be seen from Figure 6：Inclined shaft crosshole seismic Gaussian beam pre-stack depth migration imaging section purpose interlayer construction feature
That portrays becomes apparent from, and attitude of stratum and surface seismic imaging results are almost the same, and 12.5m is divided between CDP in surface seismic section,
In crosshole seismic migrated section 3.125m is divided between CDP.
In addition, can also be seen that from Fig. 6：Inclined shaft crosshole seismic Gaussian beam pre-stack depth migration imaging side provided by the invention
Method can meticulous depiction Geological Structural Forms, imaging results resolution ratio higher.
It can be seen that being surveyed to the CNOOC crosshole seismic with more complex construction using imaging method provided by the invention
The Gaussian beam pre-stack depth migration imaging processing that exploratory area block real data carries out, obtains preferable geology imaging effect.
It should be noted that the invention is not limited in any way for above-described embodiment, it is all to use equivalent replacement or equivalent change
The technical solution that the mode changed is obtained, all falls in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of inclined shaft crosshole seismic Gaussian beam pre-stack depth migration imaging method, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
Step1：Read in well earthquake reflected wave script holder record, observation system file, migration velocity file and relevant parameter file；
Step2：In hypocentral location, the wavefront features of Gaussian beam are plane wave, and seismic wave field is resolved into a series of part plan
Portion obtains corresponding data volume；
Step3：Ray tracing in downward direction is carried out to excitation well upward direction from shot point along excitation well, utilizes eikonal equation meter
Calculate the time τ that arbitrary ray is propagated：
Wherein, v is the velocity amplitude at discrete point；
Step4：It is tracked by kinematics and carries out Gaussian beam dynamics tracking after obtaining central ray, asked using Runge Kutta equation
Solve kinematics ray tracing equation：
Wherein, n is vertical range of the point on adjacent ray to central ray, and the initial value of p, q are respectively perpendicular to central ray
The component of slowness vector and adjacent ray leave the distance of central ray on direction；
Step5：The seismic amplitude of grid node in beam coverage area is calculated according to central ray：
Wherein, A0For shot point amplitude, q (R) is the distance that adjacent ray leaves central ray at geophone station, and N is that ray reaches detection
The ground number of plies passed through when point, RiFor the reflectance factor or transmission coefficient at i-th of interface, αi、βiRespectively i-th interface enters
Firing angle and angle of transmission, ρi(R)、vi(R) it is respectively density of earth formations and speed of the ray before i-th of interface,
Respectively density of earth formations and speed of the ray behind i-th of interface；
Step6：Ray tracing in downward direction is carried out to received well upward direction from geophone station along received well, calculates and stores every
Ray corresponds to the attribute information of grid node within the scope of beam；
Step7：Shot point and the corresponding beam of geophone station are chosen to carrying out imaging calculating, accounting equation is as follows：
Wherein, Is(x) be point x at picture value, psThe slowness value of ray, p are sent out for shot pointbcThe slow of ray is sent out for geophone station
Angle value, A are weight function, DsFor Local plane wave decomposition as a result, L is the different window divided in single shot record, p ' is that big gun record is used
In the slowness parameter of local dip superposition, τ ' sends out for shot point and sends out ray with geophone station when walking at beam arrival imaging point
Beam reach imaging point at the sum of when walking；
Step8：The imaging results of cumulative all beams pair, obtain final migration imaging result.
2. inclined shaft crosshole seismic Gaussian beam pre-stack depth migration imaging method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
In Step1, the relevant parameter file includes：Grid dimension, grid spacing, the Gaussian beam for participating in calculating earthquake work area are initially wide
Degree, reference frequency, maximum frequency and earthquake record sampling number.
3. inclined shaft crosshole seismic Gaussian beam pre-stack depth migration imaging method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
In Step6, the attribute information includes：The amplitude of seismic wave and when walking.
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| CN110568496A (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2019-12-13 | 核工业北京地质研究院 | ray tracing method under complex medium condition |
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