NL2010500C2 - Noise barrier wall. - Google Patents
Noise barrier wall. Download PDFInfo
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- NL2010500C2 NL2010500C2 NL2010500A NL2010500A NL2010500C2 NL 2010500 C2 NL2010500 C2 NL 2010500C2 NL 2010500 A NL2010500 A NL 2010500A NL 2010500 A NL2010500 A NL 2010500A NL 2010500 C2 NL2010500 C2 NL 2010500C2
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- Prior art keywords
- wall
- connection unit
- resilient
- panels
- wall panel
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- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 112
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 10
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- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011178 precast concrete Substances 0.000 description 7
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006353 environmental stress Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011210 fiber-reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
- E01F8/00—Arrangements for absorbing or reflecting air-transmitted noise from road or railway traffic
- E01F8/0005—Arrangements for absorbing or reflecting air-transmitted noise from road or railway traffic used in a wall type arrangement
- E01F8/0017—Plate-like elements
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
- E01F8/00—Arrangements for absorbing or reflecting air-transmitted noise from road or railway traffic
- E01F8/0005—Arrangements for absorbing or reflecting air-transmitted noise from road or railway traffic used in a wall type arrangement
- E01F8/0023—Details, e.g. foundations
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Refuge Islands, Traffic Blockers, Or Guard Fence (AREA)
- Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
Abstract
Noise barrier wall (1) comprising a plurality of horizontally adjacent wall panels (2) arranged in a zigzag pattern, wherein a right edge (6) of a first wall panel (2A) of the plurality of wall panels (2) is connected to a left edge (8) of an adjacent second wall panel (2B) of the plurality of wall panels (2) using a resilient connection unit (10) arranged for being resiliently compressed and/or extended in a direction substantially parallel to a connection direction A extending from the right edge (6) of the first wall panel (2A) to the left edge (8) of the second wall panel (2B).
Description
Title: Noise barrier wall
TECHNICAL FIELD
The invention relates to a noise barrier wall useful for forming a noise barrier along the side of a roadway, highway, or railway.
BACKGROUND
A function of a noise barrier wall is to block and/or deflect traffic and/or road noise originating on one side of the noise barrier wall such that the audibility of the traffic and/or road noise on the other side of the noise barrier wall is reduced. Typically, a noise barrier wall is used to improve the liveability of residential areas located along the side of a roadway, highway, or railway. A noise barrier wall in general may also be used to block sight form a road onto a surrounding area or vice versa.
Unfortunately, the ecological footprint of a noise barrier wall along the side of a roadway or highway can be quite large. Production of such noise barrier walls generally causes large carbon dioxide emission.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the invention to provide a noise barrier wall with a reduced ecological footprint. More in general it is an object of the invention to overcome or ameliorate at least one of the disadvantages of the prior art. Therefore, one object is to reduce carbon dioxide emissions associated with erecting a noise barrier wall. This may e.g. be done by reducing the amount of building materials required for erecting the noise barrier wall. In one solution it is desirable to construct noise barrier walls from thin concrete wall panels. However, these concrete panels can be very flexible and susceptible to breakage, cracking, and/or crack forming due to varying environmental conditions. Alternatively, it is an object of the invention to at least provide the public with a useful choice.
Thereto, according to the invention a noise barrier wall is provided comprising a plurality of horizontally adjacent wall panels arranged in a zigzag pattern. A right edge of a first wall panel of the plurality of wall panels is connected to a left edge of an adjacent second wall panel of the plurality of wall panels using a resilient connection unit. The resilient connection unit is arranged for being resiliently compressed and/or extended in a direction substantially parallel to a connection direction extending from the right edge of the first wall panel to the left edge of the second wall panel.
The zigzag pattern provides the noise barrier wall with structural rigidity. The resilient connection unit allows for expansion and/or compression of the noise barrier wall parallel to the connection direction. The connection direction is defined as the direction from the right edge of the first wall panel to the left edge of the second wall panel. Typically, this direction is substantially parallel to the longitudinal extent of the noise barrier wall. Additionally, or alternatively, the connection direction is substantially parallel to an axial direction of the resilient connection unit. The resilient connection unit allows for the absorption of environmental forces exerted on the noise barrier wall. Environmental forces may include expansion and/or contraction due to temperature fluctuations. These forces are not limited to expansion and/or contraction in an axial direction of the wall panels. Additionally, temperature fluctuations may cause gradients in the wall panels. In this case, the deformation results in angular rotation of the vertical edges of the wall panel. The resilient connection unit can also be arranged to absorb this angular rotation at the connection area of adjacent wall panels. Noise barrier walls must be able to sustain the high temperatures of the summer and the low temperatures of the winter. Additionally, wind and/or air turbulence caused by moving vehicles may also exert forces on the wall panels of the noise barrier wall.
It will be appreciated that the solution is counter intuitive. It was thought that using thinner more flexible wall panels would require a rigid connection unit to connect and support the noise barrier wall. In fact the present invention shows that a resilient connection unit allows to absorb the forces exerted on the noise barrier wall, so that the forces do not lead to unacceptable stresses in the wall panels, potentially causing damage.
It will be clear that although the wall panels are horizontally adjacent, the wall panels of the noise barrier wall may include height differences due to unevenness of the ground. For example, it is common for noise barrier walls to follow the formation of the earth. This may include hills, mountains or undulations.
Optionally, every pair of adjacent panels is mutually connected using a resilient connection unit. Depending on the application and zigzag pattern it may be desirable that adjacent panel pairs are mutually connected using a resilient connection unit. Optionally, the two wall panels constituting a pair of adjacent panels is connected using a resilient connection unit, whereas the pairs of wall panels are mutually connected using at least one resilient or non-resilient connection unit. It will be appreciated that a non-resilient connection unit is a substantially stiff connection unit. Depending on the zigzag pattern, it may be advantageous to use the substantially stiff connection unit to connect pairs of adjacent panels extending in the same direction, and to use the resilient connection unit to connect pairs of adjacent panels forming an angle. Pairs of rigidly connected adjacent panels extending in the same direction can be seen as forming longer panels.
It will be appreciated that the noise barrier wall is standing. However it is possible that the noise barrier wall is not vertically upright. Optionally, a wall panel of the plurahty of wall panels is tilted in a first direction away from vertical. Optionally, each wall panel of the plurality of wall panels is tilted in a first direction away from vertical. It has been found that tilting the wall panels away from vertical can improve the deflection of traffic and/or road noise upwards and away from an area on the other side of the noise barrier wall where there is reduced audibility of the traffic and/or road noise, for example a residential area. It is noted that the wall panels are advantageously tilted away from the road, or noise producing, side of the noise barrier wall.
Optionally, the wall panels of the noise barrier wall are precast concrete panels. Concrete panels are modular. Therefore panels may be produced at a location remote to the location of the noise barrier wall and transported to the construction site. Optionally the wall panels of the noise barrier wall are monolithic precast concrete panels. Using monolithic precast concrete panels decreases the construction time of the noise barrier wall. Optionally, the wall panels are made of ferrocement, also know as microbeton. Optionally, the wall panels of the noise barrier wall include a recess. The recess may extend horizontally, starting at a predetermined distance from the left edge and ending at a predetermined distance from the right edge. The recess may extend vertically, starting at a predetermined distance from a bottom edge of the panel and ending at a predetermined distance from a top edge of the panel. Herein the predetermined distance is non-zero. It is also possible that the recess extends vertically all the way to the top edge of the panel. Furthermore, such recess may be present on both a first face of the wall panel and a second face of the wall panel. Including a recess in the wall panel decreases the weight of the wall panel and the raw materials necessary to produce the wall panel. Additionally, the recess aids in transferring the load from the resilient connection unit at the side of the wall panel into the wall panel.
Optionally, the wall panels are made from reinforced concrete. Reinforced concrete generally includes steel reinforcement bars. However other reinforcement techniques are possible, such as reinforcing the concrete with plastic fibers. Nevertheless, it is also conceivable that the panels are constructed from other materials such as plastics, resins, or the like.
Optionally, the resilient connection unit includes a resilient element. Optionally, a tensile stiffness of the resilient connection unit is substantially determined by a bending stiffness of the resilient element.
Then the bending stiffness of the resilient element determines the resilience of the resilient connection unit parallel to the connection direction. It is noted that the tensile stiffness of the connection unit refers to both stressing by puUing or stretching and compressing in a direction parallel to the connection direction.
Optionally, the resilient connection unit is arranged for being substantially rigid in a direction substantially perpendicular to the connection direction and substantially perpendicular to an upright direction. Herein the upright direction can be substantially parallel to at least one of the right edge of the first wall panel and the left edge of the second wall panel. It is also possible that the upright direction is substantially vertical, even if the panels are mounted slanting towards or way from the road and/or railway. In this way the resilient connection unit provides additional support to the zigzag noise barrier. Optionally, the resilient connection unit is arranged for being five times more rigid in the direction substantially perpendicular to the connection direction and substantially perpendicular to an upright direction than in the connection direction, and preferably ten times more rigid in the direction substantially perpendicular to the connection direction and substantially perpendicular to an upright direction than in the connection direction, and more preferably twenty times more rigid in the direction substantially perpendicular to the connection direction and substantially perpendicular to an upright direction than in the connection direction. It will be appreciated that the resilient connection unit may be arranged to be five times more rigid in the direction substantially perpendicular to the connection direction and substantially perpendicular to the upright direction than in the connection direction, and preferably ten times more rigid in the direction substantially perpendicular to the connection direction and substantially perpendicular to the upright direction than in the connection direction, and more preferably twenty times more rigid in the direction substantially perpendicular to the connection direction and substantially perpendicular to an upright direction than in the connection direction.
Optionally, the resilient connection unit is arranged for being resiliently angularly expanded and/or angularly contracted about an axis substantially parallel to the upright direction. In this way the resilient connection unit can prevent damage to the noise barrier wall from angular deformations. Angular expansion is to be understood as an increase of an angle formed between two adjacent wall panels, when viewed from above along a direction parallel to the upright direction, and angular contraction is to be understood as a decrease of the angle formed between two adjacent wall panels when viewed from above along a direction parallel to the upright direction. Preferably the angle is defined as an interior angle formed between two adjacent wall panels, when viewed from above along a direction parallel to the upright direction.
Optionally, or alternatively, the resilient connection unit is arranged for being resiliently compressed and/or extended in a second direction substantially perpendicular to the connection direction and substantially parallel to the upright direction. In general the second direction can be deviating, e.g. ±45°, from the upright direction. In case the resilient connection unit is arranged for being resiliently compressed and/or extended in the second direction, the resilient connection unit may be arranged to be substantially rigid in a direction substantially perpendicular to the connection direction and substantially perpendicular to the second direction. In this way the resilient connection unit is arranged for absorbing environmental stresses and/or forces exerted on the noise barrier wall in the connection direction, and in the second direction. Environment stress substantially parallel to the second direction may arise from settling· differences in the wall panel foundations. In the event that foundations are not used, it is possible these stresses arise from the settling of the ground. A resilient connection unit arranged for being resiliently compressed and/or extended in the second direction can absorb these vertical deformation differences and prevent damage to the wall panels of the noise barrier wall. At the same time, the resilient connection units provides support for the wall panels in a direction perpendicular to the connection direction and perpendicular to the second direction in order to support the wall panels and to hold the wall panels in a zigzag configuration. However, it will be appreciated that the resilient connection unit may be arranged for only being resiliently compressed and/or expanded in a direction parallel to the connection direction.
Optionally, the resilient connection unit is secured to the right edge of the first wall panel at a first location, and the resilient connection unit is secured to the left edge of the second wall panel at a second location, wherein the first location and second location are vertically offset. As mentioned above, it is possible that difference in height may occur between adjacent panels due to the formation of the ground. Typically, the wall panels are modular and the resilient connection unit may therefore be connected to the first panel and the second panel at vertically offset locations. It is also possible that the locations are vertically offset between wall panels.
Optionally, the resilient connection unit includes a connection element extending between the first and second wall panel. Additionally, and/or alternatively, the connection element may be arranged for being resiliently compressed and/or extended in a direction substantially parallel to the connection direction.
Optionally, the connection element includes an intermediate plate. Additionally, and/or alternatively, the resilience of the connection unit may come from the material properties of the intermediate plate. Additionally, and/or alternatively, the intermediate plate may provide resilience in the connection element by altering the shape of the connection unit.
Optionally, the shape of the connection element is one of an Ω-shape, a U-shape, a S-shape, a Z-shape, and a loop. These specific shapes provide a connection element including a resilient element, which is resilient in a direction substantially parallel to the connection direction. It is noted that such a connection element derives its tensile stiffness in the connection direction substantially from the bending stiffness of its resilient element. For example, the U-shaped connection element includes a resilient element in the valley of the U. It is the bending stiffness of this resilient element that determines the tensile stiffness of the U-shaped connection element.
Optionally, the connection element includes a rod having a diameter between 12mm and 50mm. The diameter of the connection element has an impact on its resilience. For typical noise barrier applications using concrete wall panels, it has been found that connection elements ideally have a diameter between 12mm and 25mm.
Optionally, the connection element is provided with threads. In this way, the connection element can easily be secured or connected to the wall panel or resilient connection unit.
Optionally, the resilient connection unit includes a first wall shoe provided in the right side of the first wall panel, a second wall shoe provided in the left side of the second wall panel, and a connection element which is arranged to connect the first wall shoe to the second wall shoe thereby connecting the right side of the first wall panel to the left side of the second wall panel. Thereto the first and second wall shoes are each provided with a connector for connecting the connection element thereto.
Wall shoes are used in tensile connections of precast concrete panels, and provide convenient connection points. Wall shoes typically include a varying number of reinforcement bars. The number of reinforcement bars depends on the specific application. Typically, the wall shoe has an open side for easy access of the connection element. Generally, prior to casting the concrete, the wall shoes are placed in the mold. Additionally, the amount of concrete covering and/or surrounding the wall shoe depends on the specific application. The wall shoes can be provided on the right and left edges of the wall panels. Furthermore, if the wall panel includes the above mentioned recess, then it is possible that the recessed area of the wall panel is thinner than the wall shoe, or the wall shoe and its enclosing panel structure. The connection element connects the first and second wall shoes and in turn the first and second wall panel.
Optionally, at least one of the first wall shoe and the second wall shoe is arranged for being resiliently compressed and/or extended in a direction substantially parallel to the connection direction. Optionally the connector of at least one of the first wall shoe and the second wall shoe is arranged to be resiliently displaceable in the connection direction, with respect to the wall panel in which the respective wall shoe is mounted. As the resilient connection unit includes a first wall shoe, a second wall shoe, and a connection element. The resilience of the resilient connection unit, may come from the first wall shoe, the second wall shoe, the connection element, or any combination thereof.
Optionally, at least one of the first wall shoe and the second wall shoe includes a flexible tongue connected to the connection element. A flexible tongue is one of many embodiments that can provide the resilience of the resilient connection unit. Furthermore, the tongue can be considered as the resilient element whose bending stiffness substantially determines the tensile stiffness of the resilient connection unit.
Optionally, the noise barrier wall further comprises a first cover arranged for covering a gap between the first wall panel and the adjacent second wall panel. Depending on the application, a gap may be formed between the adjacent first and second wall panel. A cover may be provided to cover the gap. It is possible that a first cover is placed on a first side of the noise barrier wall, and that a second cover is placed on a second side of the noise barrier wall. Optionally, the first cover and/or second cover is a triangular prism. A triangular prism fits in the gap formed between the first wall panel and the adjacent second wall panel.
Optionally, a ratio of thickness to width of the wall panel is 0.05 or less, preferably 0.033 or less. A noise barrier wall constructed from a plurality of wall panels having a ratio of thickness to width of 0.05 or less has been found to have an ecological footprint relatively lower than other noise barrier walls.
Optionally, an interior angle formed by the first and adjacent second wall panel, in top plan view, is between 100 degrees and 160 degrees, preferably between 110 degrees and 130 degrees, and more preferable between 115 degrees and 125 degrees. The interior angle formed by the first and the adjacent second wall panel define the zigzag pattern. It has been found that the angle defined above provide a noise barrier wall with a relatively low ecological footprint and good noise reducing characteristics.
Further, according to the invention, a wall panel of the noise barrier wall is provided. Further, according to the invention, a resilient connection unit of the noise barrier is provided. Further, according to the invention, a connection element of the noise barrier wall is provided.
Further, according to the invention, a use of a wall panel in the noise barrier wall is provided. Further, according to the invention, a use of a resilient connection unit in the noise barrier wall is provided. Further, according to the invention, a use of a connection element in the noise barrier wall is provided.
Additionally, according to the invention, a method of constructing a noise barrier wall is provided. The method comprises the steps of: providing a plurality of wall panels; arranging the plurality of wall panels in a zigzag pattern; providing a resilient connection unit arranged for being resiliently compressed and/or extended in a direction substantially parallel to a connection direction of the resilient connection unit; and connecting a right edge of a first wall panel of the plurality of wall panels to a left edge of an adjacent second wall panel of the plurality of wall panels using the resilient connection unit.
In this way, a noise barrier way may be constructed such that the resilient connection unit of the noise barrier wall allows for expansion and/or compression in a direction parallel to the connection direction. Therefore, the resilient connection unit allows for the absorption of environmental forces exerted on the noise barrier. As mentioned above with regard to the noise barrier wall, environmental forces may include expansion and/or contraction due to temperature fluctuations. Noise barrier walls must be able to sustain the high temperatures in the summer and the low temperatures in the winter. Additionally, air turbulences caused by moving vehicles and wind also exert forces on the wall panels of the noise barrier wall. It will be appreciated that the additional features of the noise barrier wall discussed above also apply to the method of constructing a noise barrier wall.
Also, according to the invention, a kit of parts for constructing a noise barrier wall is provided. The kit of parts comprises two or more wall panels; and at least one resilient connection unit arranged for being resiliently compressed and/or extended in a direction substantially parallel to a connection direction of the resilient connection unit.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention will now be further elucidated by means of non-limiting examples referring to the drawings, in which
Figs. 1A-C are schematic views of noise barrier walls according to the invention in top plan view;
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a noise barrier wall according to the invention including a first wall panel connected to an adjacent second wall panel using resilient connection units viewed from the side;
Fig. 3A is a schematic view of a noise barrier wall according to the invention including a plurality of wall panels connected using resilient connection units in top plan view;
Fig. 3B is a schematic view of the noise barrier wall of Fig. 3A including covers for gaps between adjacent wall panels;
Fig. 4A is a schematic view of adjacent wall panels of a noise barrier wall according to the invention connected using a resilient connection device in a first state;
Fig. 4B is a schematic view of adjacent wall panels of a noise barrier wall according to the invention connected using a resilient connection device in a second state;
Fig. 4C is a schematic view of adjacent wall panels of a noise barrier wall according to the invention connected using a resilient connection device in a third state;
Fig. 5 is a schematic cross sectional view of a noise barrier wall according to the invention with wall panels tilted away from vertical;
Fig. 6A is a schematic top plan view of a resilient connection unit connecting adjacent wall panels of a noise barrier wall;
Fig. 6B is a schematic right side view of the first wall panel;
Fig. 7A is a schematic top plan view of a resilient connection unit connecting adjacent panels of a noise barrier wall;
Fig. 7B is a schematic right side view of the first wall panel;
Fig. 8A is a schematic cross sectional view of a resilient connection unit connecting adjacent panels of a noise barrier wall;
Fig. 8B is a schematic right side view the first wall panel;
Fig. 9A is a schematic cross sectional view of a resilient connection unit connecting adjacent panels of a noise barrier wall;
Fig. 9B is a schematic right side view of the first wall panel;
Fig. 10A is a schematic cross sectional view of a resilient connection unit connecting adjacent panels of a noise barrier wall;
Fig. 10B is a schematic right side view of the first wall panel;
Fig. 11A is a schematic cross sectional view of a resilient connection unit connecting adjacent panels of a noise barrier wall; and
Fig. 1 IB is a schematic right side view of the first wall panel;
Fig. 12A is a schematic cross sectional view of a resilient connection unit connecting adjacent panels of a noise barrier wall; and
Fig. 12B is a schematic right side view of the first wall panel
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
A noise barrier wall 1 comprising a plurality of horizontally adjacent wall panels 2 is shown in Figs. 1A-1C in top plan view. In each figure, the adjacent wall panels 2 of the noise barrier wall 1 are arranged in a different zigzag pattern. The connection area between two adjacent wall panels 2 is indicated by reference numeral 4. The zigzag patterns of Figs. 1A-C are examples. Other zigzag patterns, including combinations of the zigzag patterns of Figs. 1A-C are conceivable.
The connection area 4 of noise barrier wall 1 is shown in side view in Fig. 2. In this example the plurality of wall panels 2 are thin rectangular precast concrete panels. In Fig. 2 the panels 2 include a recess 5 on a first, face 7 of the wall panel, in the view of Fig. 2 the rear face. In other examples, a similar, second, recess may be provided in a second (front) face of the wall panel. In this example, the recess 7 extends horizontally, starting at a predetermined distance from the left edge 8 and ending at a predetermined distance from the right edge 6. In this example, the recess also extends vertically, starting at a predetermined distance from a bottom edge of the panel and at the top edge of the panel. Herein the predetermined distance is non-zero. Precast concrete panels can withstand high compression forces, but can crack and/or break when subjected to tensile or bending forces.
Typically, the wall panels 2 are approximately 3 m wide, and between 4m and 6m tall. However, in certain application the wall panels 2 may be as tall as 8m or even taller. The wall panels may be reinforced with steel reinforcement bars. When using steel reinforced concrete panels, typically the wall panels 2 are approximately 7-15 cm thick, thereby having a thickness to width ratio of 0.05 or less, preferably 0.033 or less. In the example of Fig. 2 the recess 7 extends over the larger part of the face surface of the panel 2, hence the thickness can be measured at the recess 7. When using, for example, plastic fiber reinforced concrete panels, typically the wall panels are approximately 3-15 cm thick, thereby having a thickness to width ratio of 0.05 or less, preferably 0.01 or less. It is noted that when using reinforced concrete panels, the resilient connection unit is used predominantly for preventing cracking and/or crack forming in the wall panels. The risk of breaking of the reinforced concrete panels is already limited by the reinforcement material. On the other hand when using non-reinforced concrete wall panels the resilient connection unit is used predominantly for preventing breaking of the wall panels. Additionally, due to the resilient connection unit it may be possible to reduced the amount of reinforcement material used to reinforce the concrete wall panels while still reducing the risk of breaking.
Here a right edge 6 of a left first wall panel 2A of the plurality of wall panels 2 is connected to a left edge 8 of an adjacent right second wall panel 2B of the plurality of wall panels 2 using a resilient connection unit 10. In this example three resilient connection units 10 are used. The resilient connection unit 10 is arranged for being resiliently compressed and/or extended in a direction substantially parallel to a connection direction A extending from the right edge 6 of the first wall panel 2A to the left edge 8 of the second wall panel 2B.
Fig. 3A shows a schematic top plan view of a portion of noise barrier wall 1. In Fig. 3A, four wall panels 2 are shown, including three connection areas 4. In this example, the wall panels 2 are not provided with the recess 7, although it is of course possible to provide the panels with such recess 7. The connection direction at each connection area is indicated by arrow A. In this example the connection direction A is the same for each of the three connection areas 4. Adjacent wall panels 2 are connected using a resilient connection unit 10. Although in Fig. 3A only one resilient connection unit 10 is pictured, this does not exclude the possibility of using more than one resilient connection unit 10 between adjacent panels. The number of resilient connection units 10 used between two adjacent panels 2 is determined by the application. Taller wall panels may require more resilient connection units 10 than shorter wall panels. It is noted that due to the relativeness of first/second wall panel and right/left edge, wall panels 2A and 2B have only been indicated in Fig. 3A once.
In Fig. 3A, a resilient connection unit 10 is used at each connection area 4. Depending on the application, this may not be strictly required. For example, the zigzag pattern shown in Fig. 1C includes connection areas 4 where adjacent panels extend in the same direction. It may be advantageous to use a substantially rigid connection unit to connect adjacent panels at a connection area 4’ where the respective panels extend in the same direction, and to use a resilient connection unit 10 to connect adjacent panels at a connection area 4 where the respective panels are connected at an angle. Depending on the application, it is also conceivable that some adjacent panels are connected using a resident connection unit 10 and that others are connected a using stiff connection unit.
In Fig. 3B, the noise barrier 1 is provided with a first cover 12A and a second cover 12B. In this example, both covers 12A and 12B are triangular prisms, and the length of the covers 12A and 12B is substantially equal to the height of the wall panels 2. In this example the triangular cross section of 12B is larger than 12A, although it is possible that the covers 12A and 12B are substantially identical. The cover 12A is designed to cover a gap 14 at the connection area 4 on the side where the adjacent wall panels form an angle smaller than 180 degrees. In practice this angle is preferably an obtuse angle between 100 degrees and 160 degrees, more preferably between 110 degrees and 130 degrees, and most preferably between 115 degrees and 125 degrees. In this example the angle is 120 degrees.
Similarly, the cover 12B is designed to cover the connection area 4 on the side where the adjacent wall panels form a reflex angle, i.e. an angle greater than or equal to 180 degrees. In this example this angle is 240 degrees. The second cover 12B may also be used to cover a gap formed between adjacent panels extending in the same direction.
The effects of forces on the adjacent panels 2A and 2B, and the resilient connection unit 10 are shown in Figs. 4A-C. In Fig. 4A the adjacent panels 2A and 2B, and the resilient connection unit 10 are shown in a first state, schematically representing the connection unit in a neutral state.
Environmental forces may include expansion and/or contraction due to temperature fluctuations. These forces are not limited to expansion and/or contraction in an in-plane direction of the wall panels. Additionally, temperature fluctuations may cause gradients in the wall panels. In this case, the deformation results in angular rotation of the vertical edges of the wall panels. This angular rotation at the connection area of adjacent wall panels is absorbed by the resilient connection unit. Furthermore, environmental stress may arise from settling differences in the wall panel foundations and/or ground. The forces acting on the adjacent wall panels may also be caused by wind and/or air turbulences from moving vehicles.
In Figs. 4A-C, deformation primarily due to in-plane contraction and expansion is shown. Due to environmental changes, the right edge 6 of the first wall panel 2A and the left edge 8 of the second wall panel 2B may be forced together. The environmental change may e.g. cause thermal expansion of the panels 2A, 2B. The noise barrier wall 1 is exposed to large temperature fluctuations between seasons as well as nighttime and daytime temperature differences.
As the right edge 6 of the first wall panel 2A and the left edge 8 of the second wall panel 2B approach each other, the resilient connection unit 10 is resiliently compressed in a direction substantially parallel to the connection direction A. Thus the force of the adjacent wall panels 2A and 2B moving together is absorbed by the resilient connection unit 10, and damage to the adjacent wall panels 2A and 2B is prevented. This situation is illustrated in Fig. 4B, in which the resilient connection unit 10 is shown in a compressed state.
In Fig. 4C, environmental changes force the right edge 6 of the first wall panel 2A and the left edge 8 of the second wall panel 2B apart. Again, different environmental conditions could cause this to occur. For example, the wall panels 2 may contract due to a drop in temperature. Additionally the contraction may be caused by the setting/shrinking of the concrete. As the right edge 6 of the first wall panel 2A and the left edge 8 of the second wall panel 2B move away from each other, the resilient connection unit 10 is resiliently extended in a direction substantially parallel to the connection direction A, thus absorbing the force of the adjacent wall panels 2A and 2B. This situation is illustrated in Fig. 4C, in which the resilient connection unit 10 is shown in an extended state. As concrete can be easily damaged when exposed to tensile forces, the resilient connection unit 10 prevents the concrete from breaking, cracking, and/or crack forming due to tensile forces acting at the connection area 4. As noted above, when using reinforced concrete panels, the resilient connection unit is used predominantly for preventing cracking and/or crack forming in the wall panels. Breaking of the reinforced concrete panels is already limited by the reinforcement material. On the other hand, when using non-reinforced panels, the resilient connection unit is used to predominantly prevent breaking of the wall panels, wall panels.
It is noted that the change in relative position between the right edge 6 of the first wall panel 2A and the left edge 8 of the second wall panel 2B may be caused by the first wall panel 2A, the second wall panel 2B, or the combination of the first wall panel 2A and the second wall panel 2B.
The wall panels 2 of the noise barrier wall 1, depicted in Fig. 5, are tilted in a first direction away from vertical. In this example, the wall panels are tilted in a direction away from a road 16. As shown in Fig. 5, the tilted wall panels help deflect the traffic noise indicated by arrow B and the road noise indicated by arrow C. The traffic noise originates from a vehicle 18. The road noise originates from the tires 20 of the vehicle 18 rolling on the road 16. The traffic and road noise, arrows B and C, are deflected upwards and away from an area on the other side of the noise barrier wall 1. This helps improve the noise reducing capabilities of the noise barrier 1. If a residential area is located on the other side of the noise barrier wall 1, this also improves living conditions in the residential area. It will be appreciated that one or more of the wall panels of the noise barrier walls shown in Figs. 1-4 may be tilted as described with respect to Fig. 5.
Additionally, a foundation 17 is shown in Fig. 5. The wall panels 2 of the noise barrier wall 1 are secured to the foundation 17 using a securing unit 19. Depending on the specific application, the foundation 17 may or may not be necessary. Furthermore, if the foundation 17 is necessary the application determines the type of foundation needed. The foundation 17 may be a shallow foundation or a deep foundation. The foundation 17 may be formed of poured concrete and reinforcement bars. Additional, or alternatively, the foundation 17 may include a plurality of piles.
In the remaining figures, different examples of the resilient connection unit 10 are shown. As mentioned above, the right side 6 of the first wall panel 2A is connected to the left side 8 of the second wall panel 2B using the resihent connection unit 10. A top plan view of an example of a resilient connection unit 10 is shown schematically in Fig. 6A. In Fig. 6B, a schematic right side view of the first wall panel 2B is shown. The resilient connection unit includes a connection element 22 extending between the first wall panel 2A and the second wall panel 2B. In Fig. 6A the connection element 22 is shown to extend in a plane that is substantially perpendicular to the upright edges 6, 8 of the panels 2A, 2B. Thus, the connection element 22 extends in a plane substantially perpendicular to the upright direction. The connection element 22 can extend substantially in the horizontal plane, e.g. if the wall panels are mounted vertically. Both wall panels 2A and 2B are provided with a recess 5 on a first face 7 of the wall panel. The resihent connection unit further includes a first wall shoe 26 provide in the right edge 6 of the first wall panel 2A and a second wall shoe 28 provided in the left edge 8 of the second wall panel 2B. In this example the first wall shoe 26 and the second wall shoe 28 are identical. In this example, the wall shoes 26 and 28 do not include reinforcement bars. Depending on the specific application reinforcement bars may or may not be necessary. Wall shoes are typically arranged in a mold prior to casting the slab of precast concrete forming the panel. In this example the connection element 22 is provided with threads 24 for connecting the connection element 22 to the wall shoes 26,28.
As shown in Fig. 6B, the wall shoe may be flush with a face of the wall panel. In this example, the wall shoes 26 and 28 are both provided with a side opening 32. This allows access to an interior 34 of the wall shoes 26 and 28. Additionally, in Fig. 6B an connection opening 36 in the wall shoe 26 is provided on the side of the wall shoe flush with the right side face of the wall panel 2A. A similar connection opening is provided in wall shoe 28 in wall panel 2B.
On the construction site where the noise barrier wall is being erected, the resilient connection unit 10 is assembled. The connection element 22 is placed in the connection opening 36 and nuts 38 are used to secure the connection element 22 to the wall shoes 26 and 28. Access to the threads 24 of the connection element 22 located in the interior 34 of the wall shoe 26 and 28, is realized through the side opening 32, located on a front or rear face side of the wall panel 2A,2B. As mentioned above the resilient connection unit 10 includes the connection element 22 and the wall shoes 26 and 28. The resilient connection unit 10 connects the right edge 6 of the first wall panel 2A to the left edge 8 of the second wall panel 2B.
In this example, the resilient connection unit 10 includes a resilient element, in this example the connection element 22, and a tensile stiffness of the resilient connection unit 10 is substantially determined by the bending stiffness of the resilient element, in this example the connection element 22. The required bending stiffness is dependent on the specific application. An easy way to select a connection element 22 having the correct tensile stiffness is to select a connection element having an appropriate diameter, and/or an appropriate transverse length L. In practice it has been found that the desired diameter of the connection element 22 is in the range of 12mm to 25mm.
The resilient connection unit 10 is arranged for being compressed and extended in a direction parallel to the connection direction indicated by arrow A. Due to the substantially horizontal orientation of the U-shaped resilient connection unit 10, in this example, the resilient connection unit 10 is also arranged for being compressed and extended in a direction in a second direction substantially perpendicular to the connection direction A and substantially parallel to the upright direction. In this example the upright direction is substantially vertical and parallel with the right and left edges 6 and 8 of the wall panels 2A and 2B. In general the second direction can be deviating, e.g. ±45°, from the upright direction. It is noted that the second direction is determined by the orientation of the resilient connection unit 10 and more specifically the orientation of the U-shaped connection element 22. Furthermore, due to the shape of the connection element 22, the resilient connection unit 10 is substantially rigid in the direction D perpendicular to the connection direction indicated by arrow A and perpendicular to the second direction.
In this example, the resilient connection unit 10 includes wall shoes 26 and 28, and the connection element 22. It is however conceivable that the connection element 22 is secured to the right and left edges 6 and 8 in a different manor, for example, by adhesives or plugs.
In Figs. 7A and 7B another example of a resilient connection unit 10 is shown. Fig. 7A is a schematic top plan view. In this example the resilient connection unit 10 includes the wall shoe 26 provided in the right edge 6 of the first wall panel 2A, the wall shoe 28 provided in the left edge 8 of the second wall panel 2B, and the connection element 22. In this example, the connection element 22 is in the shape of a freestanding loop. This loop shape provides the desired resilience in both a direction parallel to the connection direction A, and in a second direction substantially perpendicular to the connection direction and, in this example, substantially parallel to both the right edge 6 of the first wall panel 2A and the left edge 8 of the second wall panel 2B. Again, the resilience of the resilient connection unit 10 comes from the resilient element, here formed by connection element 22.
Due to the substantially horizontal orientation of the freestanding loop, the resilient connection unit 10, in this example, is also arranged for being compressed and extended in a direction in a second direction substantially perpendicular to the connection direction A and substantially parallel to the upright direction. In this example the upright direction is substantially vertical and parallel with the right and left edges 6 and 8 of the wall panels 2A and 2B. In general the second direction can be deviating, e.g. ±45°, from the upright direction. It is noted that the second direction is determined by the orientation of the resilient connection unit 10 and more specifically the orientation of the connection element 22, in this example a freestanding loop. Furthermore, due to the shape of the connection element 22, the resilient connection unit 10 is substantially rigid in the direction D perpendicular to the connection direction indicated by arrow A and perpendicular to the second direction.
In Figs. 8A and 8B another example of a resilient connection unit 10 is shown. In this example, two reinforcement bars 30 are used. The specific application determines the number of reinforcement bars 30 needed. It is also possible that reinforcement bars 30 are not needed at all. It is also possible that additional reinforcement bars 30 are necessary, and/or that at least one reinforcement bar is in a direction perpendicular to the connection direction, indicated by arrow A. In this example the reinforcement bars 30 are both parallel to the connection direction indicated by arrow A. In this example, the resilient connection unit 10 is secured to the right edge 6 of the first wall panel 2A at a first location 40, and the resilient connection unit 10 is secured to the left edge 8 of the second wall panel 2B at a second location 42. The first location 40 is vertically offset from the second location 42. This vertical offset may arise from a difference in height between adjacent panels due to the formation of the ground. It may also arise from wall panels 2 having wall shoes 26 and 26 at mismatched/misaligned locations 40 and 42.
In this example the resilient connection unit 10 includes the wall shoe 26 provided in the right edge 6 of the first wall panel 2A, the wall shoe 28 provided in the left edge 8 of the second wall panel 2B, and the connection element 22. In this example the connection element 22 is S-shaped. The S-shape allows the connection to occur at offset locations 40 and 42, and provides the desired resilience in a direction parallel to the connection direction A. Again, the resilience of the resilient connection unit 10 comes from the resilient element, here formed by connection element 22. The resilient connection unit 10 in Fig. 8A and 8B is arranged for being resiliently compressed and extended in a direction parallel to the connection direction, indicated by arrow A. An easy way to select a connection element 22 having the correct tensile stiffness is to select a connection element having an appropriate diameter, and/or an appropriate transverse length L.
Another example of a resilient connection unit 10 is shown in Figs. 9A and 9B. In this example, the resilient connection unit 10 is secured to the right edge 6 of the first wall panel 2A and the left edge 8 of the second wall panel 2B at vertically offset locations 40 and 42. Furthermore, the resilient connection unit 10 includes wall shoes 26 and 28 and connection element 22. In this example the connection element 22 includes an intermediate plate 44 and connection sections 46 and 48. The connection sections 46 and 48 are welded to the intermediate plate 44. The connection sections 46 and 48 are secured to the wall shoes 26 and 28 using nuts 38. It will be appreciated that other securing means for securing the connection sections to the intermediate plate, such as a bolted connection, e.g. using nuts, are possible.
In this example, the intermediate plate 44 is made from metal. The resilient connection unit is arranged for being resiliently compressed and extended in a direction parallel to the connection direction, indicated by arrow A. In this example, the resilience of the resilient connection unit 10 comes from the shape of the connection element 22 formed by the connection sections 46 and 48, and the intermediate plate 44. An easy way to select a resilient connection unit 10 having the correct tensile stiffness is to select connection sections 46 and 48 having an appropriate diameter, and/or an intermediate plate 44 having an appropriate transverse length L. It is also conceivable that the material of the intermediate plate 44 contributes to the resilience of the resilient connection unit 10. Furthermore, it is also conceivable that the connection element 22 including an intermediate plate is used in a resilient connection unit 10 secured to the right edge 6 of the first wall panel 2A and the left edge 8 of the second wall panel 2B at locations which are substantially horizontal, in other words not vertically offset.
The connection opening 36 of wall shoe 26 and 28 is L-shaped in this example and has an opening towards the side opening 32. The L-shape facilitates the insertion of the connection element 22 into the wall shoe.
Additionally, or alternatively, the resilience of the resilient connection unit 10 need not come from the connection element 22. It may also arise from other elements included in the resilient connection unit 10. For example, in Figs. 10A and 10B the resilience of the resilient connection unit 10 comes from the wall shoes 26 and 28. Specifically, in this example one, or both of the wall shoes 26 and 28 are provided with a tongue 50. The tongue 50 is shaped like a tab, and has a connection opening 36 for receiving the connection element 22. The tongue 50 is resilient and is arranged for resiliently deflecting in a direction parallel to the connection direction, indicated by arrow A. Thus, the wall shoe 26,28 comprising the tongue 50 can be compressed or extended in the connection direction A. Therefore, the tongue 50 allows that the resilient connection unit 10 is compressed or extended in the connection direction A. Furthermore, the tongue 50 can be considered as the resilient element whose bending stiffness substantially determines the tensile stiffness of the resilient connection unit 10. The material, shape and dimensions of the tongue 50 can be choses in accordance with the application. It is conceivable that in some applications a tongue 50 provided in only one of the wall shoes 26,28 would be sufficient.
The connection element 22 shown in Fig. 10A is provided with threads 24 and has been inserted in to the connection opening 36 of the tongue 50 provided in both wall shoes 26 and 28. The connection element 22 is secured using nuts 38. Nevertheless, other ways of connecting the connecting element 22 to the tongue 50, such as welding, gluing, clicking, crimping, etc. are conceivable.
Another example of a resilient connection unit 10 is shown in Figs. 11A and 11B. In this example, the connection element 22 of the resilient connection unit 10 includes connection sections 46 and 48, and a guide 52 having a channel 54. The sections 46 and 48 are received in the guide 52 and biased by a resilient element, here formed by a spring 56. The resilience of the resilient connection unit 10 is provided substantially by the spring 56. The guide 52 and channel 54 are arranged for guiding the resiliently compressing and expanding movement of the connection sections 46 and 48 of the connection element 22 in a direction parallel to the connection direction, indicated by arrow A. In this example the connection sections 46 and 48 are provided with threads 24 for securing the connection element 22 with nuts 38 to the wall shoes 26 and 28 of the right edge 6 of the first wall panel 2A and the left edge 8 of the second wall panel 2B.
In Fig. 12A and Fig. 12B another example of a resilient connection unit 10 is shown. In this example, the resilient connection unit 10 is arranged for being resiliently compressed and extended in a direction parallel to the connection direction, indicated by arrow A. In this example, the resilient connection unit 10 is arranged for being substantially linearly compressed and extended, Further in this example, the resilient connection unit 10 is arranged for being resiliently angularly expanded and angularly contracted about an axis substantially parallel to the upright direction.. In this example, the upright direction, indicated by arrow E, is substantially parallel to the left edge 8 of the second wall panel 2B.
In Figs. 12A and 12B, the resilient connection unit 10 includes the wall shoe 26 provided in the right edge 6 of the first wall panel 2A, the wall shoe 28 provided in the left edge 8 of the second wall panel 2B, the connection element 22, nuts 38, rigid elements 62, and resilient elements 60.
In this example, the resilient elements are elastomer rings 60. The connection element 22 is provided with threads 24 and is manufactured from a rigid material, for example steel.
The elastomer rings 60 provide the resilience of the resilient connection unit in this example. In Figs. 12A and 12B, the elastomer rings 60 are placed in pairs around the connection openings 36 of the wall shoes 26 and 28. The pair of elastomer rings 60 around connection opening 36 are placed such that one ring is in the interior 34 of the wall shoe 26, 28, and one ring is exterior to the wall shoe 26, 28. It is conceivable that, e.g. with proper material choice, the elastomer rings 60 may only be necessary on one wall shoe of the resilient connection unit 10. The elastomer rings 60 are sandwiched around the wall element of the wall shoe 26, 28 containing the connection opening 36 by rigid elements 62, here of approximately the same diameter as the elastomer rings 60. This ensures that the entire elastomer ring 60 contributes to the resilience of the resilient connection unit 10. In this example, the rigid elements 62 are steel washers. The rigid elements 62 are in turn held in place by nuts 38.
The elastomer rings 60 provide resilience for the resilient connection unit 10 for being resiliently compressed and extended in a direction parallel to the connection direction, arrow A, yet at the same time the connection element 22, in this example a steel rod, provides the desired rigidity in a direction substantially perpendicular to the connection direction.
In this example, the connection element 22 is an M20 threaded steel rod. The steel washers 62 have a diameter of 60 mm and a width of 0.60 mm. The elastomer rings 60 have a diameter of 50 mm, and a width of 15 mm. Furthermore, in this example, the elastomer rings 60 have a Young’s module of 0.01-0.1 GP.
It will be appreciated that the resilient connection units 10 of the previous embodiments are also arranged to be resiliently angularly expanded and/or angularly contracted about an axis substantially parallel to an upright direction.
It will be appreciated that the features of the examples of the resilient connection unit 10 discussed above may be combined to form other examples of resilient connection units. For instance, it is possible to use a resilient connection element in conjunction with one or two resilient wall shoes. It will be clear that the combination of the features, for example the resilient tongue 50 and the U-shaped connection element 22, fall within the scope of the invention.
The above examples involved traffic and road noise. The noise barrier wall according to the invention may also have other uses such as reducing noises around airports, along railroad track, or other noisy facilities. Also, the noise barrier wall may be used to block sight.
In the examples shown, each panel is directly connected to the adjacent panel using the resilient connection unit. In the examples, no substantially upright post forming a support structure is interposed between the adjacent panels. It has been found that the noise barrier wall comprising the plurality of horizontally adjacent wall panels arranged in a zigzag pattern, wherein a right edge of a first wall panel of the plurality of wall panels is connected to a left edge of an adjacent second wall panel of the plurality of wall panels using a resilient connection unit arranged for being resiliently compressed and/or extended in a direction substantially parallel to a connection direction extending from the right edge of the first wall panel to the left edge of the second wall panel can be provided free from substantially upright posts forming a support structure interposed between the right edge of the first wall panel and the left edge of the second wall panel.
In the foregoing specification, the invention has been described with reference to specific examples of embodiments of the invention. It will, however, be evident that various modifications and changes may be made therein without departing from the broader spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims. However, other modifications, variations, and alternatives are also possible. The specifications, drawings and examples are, accordingly, to be regarded in an illustrative rather than in a restrictive sense.
In the claims, any reference signs placed between parentheses shall not be construed as limiting the claim. The word ‘comprising’ does not exclude the presence of other features or steps than those listed in a claim. Furthermore, the words ‘a’ and ‘an’ shall not be construed as limited to ‘only one’, but instead are used to mean ‘at least one’, and do not exclude a plurality. The mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutually different claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used to advantage.
Claims (25)
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL2010500A NL2010500C2 (en) | 2013-03-21 | 2013-03-21 | Noise barrier wall. |
| PCT/NL2014/050169 WO2014148900A1 (en) | 2013-03-21 | 2014-03-20 | Noise barrier wall |
| EP14715707.7A EP2976464A1 (en) | 2013-03-21 | 2014-03-20 | Noise barrier wall |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL2010500 | 2013-03-21 | ||
| NL2010500A NL2010500C2 (en) | 2013-03-21 | 2013-03-21 | Noise barrier wall. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NL2010500C2 true NL2010500C2 (en) | 2014-09-24 |
Family
ID=48998668
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL2010500A NL2010500C2 (en) | 2013-03-21 | 2013-03-21 | Noise barrier wall. |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2976464A1 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL2010500C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2014148900A1 (en) |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3732653A (en) * | 1970-04-10 | 1973-05-15 | W Pickett | Barrier structures and connectors in concrete assemblies |
| US4111401A (en) * | 1976-07-14 | 1978-09-05 | William Hayden Pickett | Construction assemblies |
| DE2723726A1 (en) * | 1977-05-26 | 1978-12-07 | Vki Rheinhold & Mahla Ag | ELEMENT FOR A NOISE BARRIER WALL |
| US5428926A (en) * | 1993-03-15 | 1995-07-04 | Concrete Pipe And Products Corp. | Serpentine noise barrier |
-
2013
- 2013-03-21 NL NL2010500A patent/NL2010500C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2014
- 2014-03-20 EP EP14715707.7A patent/EP2976464A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2014-03-20 WO PCT/NL2014/050169 patent/WO2014148900A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3732653A (en) * | 1970-04-10 | 1973-05-15 | W Pickett | Barrier structures and connectors in concrete assemblies |
| US4111401A (en) * | 1976-07-14 | 1978-09-05 | William Hayden Pickett | Construction assemblies |
| DE2723726A1 (en) * | 1977-05-26 | 1978-12-07 | Vki Rheinhold & Mahla Ag | ELEMENT FOR A NOISE BARRIER WALL |
| US5428926A (en) * | 1993-03-15 | 1995-07-04 | Concrete Pipe And Products Corp. | Serpentine noise barrier |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2976464A1 (en) | 2016-01-27 |
| WO2014148900A1 (en) | 2014-09-25 |
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