NL1009712C1 - Method for constructing energy-saving buildings - Google Patents

Abstract

To construct an energy-saving building, a foundation (3,5) is laid, and on it double walls (7) are erected, comprising inner (9) and outer (11) layers with an intermediate gap (13). Wall insulation (15) is installed in the gap. On the upper edges of the vertical walls fully covering roof components are placed, each with an under plate, an upper plate and an intermediate roof insulation. The wall and roof insulations comprise insulating material based on cellulose using recycled paper. The vertical walls are at least partly formed by storey-high plates (9,11) of cellular concrete. The outside of the outer plate (11) is provided with a stucco layer (25).

Description

1 EN 4 3.6 6 9-PW / 11

The invention relates in the first place to a method for building energy-efficient buildings such as houses and the like, comprising laying a foundation, building on the foundation of upright double walls, comprising an inner leaf, an outer leaf and an intermediate cavity, applying wall insulation in the cavity and placing sloping roof elements on the top edge of the ascending walls, each comprising a bottom plate and a top plate with roof insulation in between .

In the current construction world there is a tendency to build 15 buildings, in particular also residential houses, in such a way that they not only meet high usual quality requirements in terms of durability, finish, etc., but also such that by taking suitable construction measures little energy has to be used for the normal use of the building. The government also encourages the construction of energy-efficient buildings, especially energy-efficient homes. Much of the energy used in homes and other buildings consists of heating energy, on the one hand for space heating and, on the other hand, for heating water for bathing, cooking, washing clothes, washing dishes, etc. Many constructional facilities are therefore nowadays focused on good thermal insulation of the building in relation to the surroundings and on the recovery of waste heat.

30 In addition to striving for energy-efficient buildings, nowadays we also strive for buildings that are less environmentally harmful in terms of construction, use, demolition, etc. than before. The object of the invention is to further improve the current method of the type stated in the preamble both with regard to energy efficiency and with regard to the degree of environmental impact and is characterized in that at least part of wall insulation and / or the roof insulation is flocked into the cavity and / or roof element at work and consists of cellulose-based 40 insulating material made from recycled paper.

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It has been found that very good insulation values can be achieved by using cellulose-based insulating materials from recycled paper. The insulation consists, for example, of recycled paper which is mixed into a damp mass by means of two drilling salts and water and which is flocked into the cavity by means of a pump via a hose. After the evaporation of the moisture, an insulation is created that is non-flammable, does not sag and cannot be consumed or inhabited by mice or insects.

A first favorable embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the ascending walls are at least partly constructed from storey-high slabs of aerated concrete. It has been found that the combination of aerated concrete, cellulose-based insulation material from recycled paper and an external finishing plaster layer allows an excellent wall to be built up, which is waterproof from the outside and permeable to vapor from the inside. In normal weather conditions, the dew point of such a wall can be located directly under the plaster layer. Under unfavorable conditions, the dew point can lie max. 20 times 2 cm more inside, so still in the outer cavity leaf.

The method according to the last-mentioned embodiment can very advantageously be carried out by making use of the feature that the slabs of aerated concrete have a thickness of at least roughly 150 mm, that the cavity is given a width of at least roughly 150 mm and that after the impact has been applied the cellulose-based insulation material from recycled paper results in an insulation value of the wall of at least roughly 5.5 kW / m2. Such an insulation value is extremely favorable compared to the usual insulation values of insulated cavity walls of approximately 2.4 kW / m2.

Also important is a further embodiment according to the invention, characterized in that the roof elements are constructed as a hollow box construction with vertical tracks between the bottom plates and the top plates and that heat-insulating elements are placed between the tracks and the top plates. By constructing the roof element as a hollow box construction in the manner described above and subsequently providing the box construction at work with flocked cellulose-based insulating material from cellulose base, 1009712 3, an extremely good insulating roof is obtained, in accordance with the stated goals. Important here is the use of heat-insulating elements between the tracks of the roof elements and the top plates because wood, from which the tracks normally consist, can also form a thermal bridge between the top plates and the bottom plates and thus the insulation value of the roof can decrease.

Also favorable for a well-insulated roof is the use of a further embodiment according to the invention, which is characterized in that the roof elements are provided on the sides with vertical rails placed towards the inside of the box construction, that the roof elements are placed next to each other with a small distance between the respective side edges of mutually facing side parts of the bottom and top plates and that the space enclosed between the facing tracks and the mutually facing side parts of the bottom and top plates of the adjacent roof elements flocculation at work with the said cellulose-based insulating material made from recycled paper. This embodiment has several beneficial effects. First of all, the transition from one roof element to another does not cause a locally reduced insulation value. Another beneficial effect is that the use of PUR foam to seal the space between two adjacent roof elements is avoided. In the prior art, the vertical tracks are located at the side edges of the roof elements and the space between two adjacent vertical tracks belonging to two adjacent roof elements is filled with PUR foam. As is known, PUR-30 foam consists of polyurethane and its use is very undesirable from an ecological point of view.

A further embodiment of the invention which is important for obtaining a good insulation value, also at the location of the transition of the roof elements to the upright walls, is characterized in that the roof elements at the location of the support on the upright walls provided with an opening and that when the roof element is insulated with insulating material, the space between the roof element and the top edge of the ascending wall is also flocculated via said opening 40. The use of this embodiment results in a unique construction with a very good insulation value, whereby again PUR foam need not be used as usual for sealing gaps and openings at the transition between the roof elements and the top 5. standing walls.

By using the invention and the above-mentioned embodiments thereof, buildings, in particular houses, can be built in an environmentally friendly manner and with excellent insulating properties. It is of course important here that the measures applied are properly coordinated to obtain a good result overall. In this respect, a further embodiment of the invention is important, which is characterized in that cold bridges are avoided both at the foundation, the floors, the walls and the roof elements by arranging parts of an insulating material between the parts exposed to the environment and internal parts of the building.

The invention also relates to a roof element for a method as described above.

Such roof elements can be separately built up in advance as a box construction with the above-mentioned properties and supplied to the construction site, placed there in the correct position on the upright walls of the building and then flocked on the spot with the insulation material.

The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing, which, by way of example only to which the invention is not limited, shows some details of a house built using the method according to the invention and using of a roof element according to the invention and in which: figure 1 is a cross-section of a part of a house at the location of the foundation, the adjoining floor and the adjoining part of an ascending outer wall, figure 2 a perspective view of a portion of a roof of a house, partially cut at the junction between two adjacent roof panels according to the invention, 10087 U '5 figure 3 is a local cross-section showing details of the transition from a roof element to an outer wall and figure 4 shows in cross section a part of an upright wall of another construction as in figure 1.

In Fig. 1, the foundation comprises a foundation beam 3 poured at work from granulate concrete into the ground 1. In order to insulate the foundation beam 3 from the ground, it has been poured from a pre-placed bucket 5 of insulating material, for example polystyrene. An upright double wall 7 is constructed on the foundation beam 3, comprising an inner leaf 9, an outer leaf 11 and an intermediate cavity 13. A wall insulation 15 is provided in the cavity 13. On the top edge of the upright walls, see figures 2 and 3, 15, sloping roof elements 17 are placed, each comprising a bottom plate 19 and a top plate 21 with roof insulation 23 between them. The insulation material consists of pieces of recycled paper and is treated with two bores and water. mixed into a moist mass. This mass is flocculated at work from the top of the cavity or from the top of the roof element using a pump via a hose. After evaporation of the moisture, an insulation is formed which is non-flammable, does not settle or the like and is not consumed or inhabited by mice or insects. A suitable insulating material of the type described is available from Barels Isolatietechniek.

Figure 1 shows an embodiment of the invention in which the ascending wall 7 at least partly consists of deepening slabs 9 and 11 of aerated concrete, which in itself already has a fairly favorable insulating value and is vapor-permeable. The wall 7 can normally be finished on the inside with stucco, tiles or otherwise. On the outside, a plaster layer 25 is applied to the outer cavity wall 11 made of aerated concrete. This plaster layer can consist of a base layer of adhesive mortar on which a synthetic reinforcement fabric is applied. Then a finish is made with Capatect 139 Mineral Leichtputz of 2 mm thickness of the brand Caparol. This wall construction ensures that the wall 7 is waterproof from the outside and vapor permeable from the inside.

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It has proved advantageous to design the slabs of aerated concrete 9 and 11 with a thickness of at least roughly 150 mm and to construct the cavity 13 with a width of also roughly 150 mm. The ascending wall 7 according to Figure 1 has an Rc insulation value of 5.5 kW / m2 in this wall construction. This compares very favorably with the current insulation value for well-insulated walls of 2.4 kW / m2. Moreover, under normal weather conditions, the dew point on this wall is located directly below the plaster layer applied on the outside.

The roof elements 17, see figures 2 and 3, are constructed as a hollow box construction with vertical wooden tracks 27 between the bottom plates 19 and the top plates 21. To improve the insulation value of the roof elements, between the 15 tracks 27 and the top plates 21 there are heat insulating elements 29 fitted. In the case of a facade construction in accordance with Figure 1 with the above-mentioned high insulation value, the roof should preferably also have a correspondingly high insulation value. Despite the reasonably good insulating capacity of wood, the wooden vertical tracks 27 can nevertheless form a thermal bridge between the bottom plates 19 and the top plates 21. A significant improvement of the insulation value of the roof elements at the location of the vertical tracks 27 can be obtained by applying the spores of insulating elements in the form of, for example, slats 29 of Paratex Isolair NK 22. This material consists of a mineral wool pressed into the desired shape.

In Figure 2 it can be seen that the roof elements 17 are placed side by side, leaving a narrow slot 31 at the top and at the bottom. At the location of the sides of the roof elements which adjoin the slots 31, the vertical tracks 27 are placed towards the inside of the box construction over a distance a of, for example, approximately 60 mm. The space between the vertical tracks 27 on both sides of the slots 31 and the mutually facing side parts of the bottom and top plates 19 and 21 of the adjacent roof elements is flocked with the other hollow spaces of the roof elements at work. said cellulose-based insulating material 23 from recycled paper. 40 This creates a very insulated transition between two juxtaposed roof elements in a very advantageous manner without the use of PUR foam. Slots 31 can be easily adjusted so that no excessive amount of insulating material exits through the slots. The result is a roof that is completely seamless and free of insulation leaks.

The roof elements designed as a hollow box construction comprise, in addition to the aforementioned parts, a closing wooden beam 33 at the bottom and at the top, which, like the wooden rails 27, is provided at the top with an insulating slat 35 made of Paratex Isolair NK 22. Slats 37 are further arranged on the top plate 21, over which battens 39 are laid on the work. Roof tiles 41 are placed on the battens in the usual manner. The beam corresponding to the beam 33 on the opposite top side of the roof panel is provided with local openings for impacting the insulating material 23. These openings are optionally closed after the impact.

Figure 3 shows a favorable embodiment of a roof element 43, which in its construction is practically the same as the roof element 17 shown in Figure 2. Figure 3 shows a first bottom plate 45 of the roof element 43, a second bottom plate 47, a top plate 49, an end beam 51 and an insulating slat-shaped element 53 placed thereon, as well as insulating material 55 arranged between these elements. The ascending wall 56 has a different construction at the location of the roof element 43 in the embodiment according to figure 3 than in the case of the Embodiment according to figure 1. At the location, the ascending wall 56 consists of a double wall comprising an inner sheet 57 of bi-chip plate material with a thickness of 10 mm, an outer sheet 59 of the same material and of the same thickness, as well as a cavity space 61 which is again located therebetween. padded with work-flocked cellulose-based insulation material of the type discussed previously. At the location, the cavity 61 is covered at the bottom by a wooden slat 65 resting on a wooden facade beam 67. Between the outer leaf 59 of the wall 56 and the slat 65, a slat 69 of the same type as the slats 29 and 35 is placed. from figure 2.

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At the top, the cavity space 61 between the inner leaf 57 and the outer leaf 59 is covered by a wooden element 71 consisting of a vertical part 71A which is glued to a horizontal part 71B. This last 5 part connects to the outer sheet 59 via an insulating slat 73 equal to the slat 69.

Between the first bottom plate 45 and the second bottom plate 47 of the roof element 43 there is an opening with a width b. Furthermore, as can be seen in figure 3, the distance between the first bottom plate 45 and the top plate 49 of the roof element 43 is greater than the distance between the second bottom plate 47 and the top plate 49. These latter distances and the distance b are coordinated such that the first bottom plate 45 rests on the top part of the vertical part 71A of the wooden element 71 and that the second bottom plate 47 rests just on the outer cavity leaf 59 and the insulating slat 73. When the insulating material is pressed in 55 in the hollow roof element 43, the space between the wooden element 71 and the interior space of the hollow roof element is thus also filled with the insulating material 55. This creates a seamless connection at the location of the support of the roof element 43 on the ascending wall 56. A steel corner profile 75 is provided on the outside of the wooden element 71 for reinforcement. The different profiles can be welded together around the house, so that a closed frame of great strength is created to absorb the horizontal forces exerted on the wooden elements by the weight of the roof.

On the underside, the roof elements 43 connect via parts of a triangular lath 77 to parts of a gutter construction consisting of a plate 79, beams 81 and finishing plates 83 of waterproof glued plywood mounted on the underside. Because the forces caused by the weight of the roof are absorbed by the wooden elements 71 and in particular also by the steel profiles 75, the parts 77 to 81 are hardly or not loaded.

Figure 4 shows part of an ascending double wall 85 which is an alternative to the ascending double wall according to figure 1. In this case, 40 slabs of aerated concrete are not used. Inner sheet 87 is made of chipboard 1009712 9 material of 10 mm thickness, commercially available under the trade name Hydrospan. The outer blade 89 also consists of this material. In the cavity 91, the aforementioned insulating material 93 is again flocked in the work. The cavity space 91 is closed at the bottom by a wooden slat 95 and a slat 97 of insulating material, for instance again of the aforementioned mineral wool insulating material. Furthermore, a plate 99, also of a suitable insulating material, connects to the outer sheet 89. The outer sheet 89 10 can be finished on the outside with vertical slats 101 and plates multiboard 103 mounted thereon. Between the inner cavity leaf 87 and the cavity space 91, a polyethylene vapor-inhibiting foil 105 is arranged. Such a wall construction can for instance be applied to an upper floor for aesthetic reasons or for other reasons. A double wall of this construction can also have an excellent insulation value.

Plates 103 made of multiboard guarantee the required weather resistance.

It has already been shown from the foregoing that many measures are taken to prevent the creation of thermal bridges by arranging parts of an insulating material between the interior parts of the house and the parts that are exposed to the environment, such as the foundation beam 3, the outer blades 11 or 59 of the ascending walls, the top plates 25, 21 or 49 of the roof elements, etc. As can be seen from figure 1, thermal bridges can also be prevented at the ground floor level. In order to avoid the build-up of water in the cavity blades 9 and 11 consisting of aerated concrete (for instance available under the trade name Ytong), blocks 107 and 109 are glued on the foundation beam of granulate concrete. These protrude above ground level 111. Between the sand-lime blocks 107 and 109, the cavity is filled with polystyrene insulation 113, because this type of insulation is resistant to moisture that could possibly penetrate through the sand-lime brick. The granulate concrete floor 115 is cast on a PVC foil 117 to avoid rising damp. An element 119 of polystyrene insulating material is placed between the floor 115 and the foundation beam 3.

On the floor 115, a layer of polystyrene insulation 121 and a screed 123 are made, for example, of nailed concrete. The floor 115, the layer of insulating material 121 and the screed 123 are separated from the sand-lime brick blocks 107 by a vertical polystyrene insulating element 125. This construction avoids the occurrence of thermal bridges between the floor and the bottom 1 and also between the floor and the parts of the foundation and the ascending wall. Finally, the top of the floor is finished with a plinth 127 and a drip edge 129, known per se, consisting of plastic, which is known per se, is applied to the bottom of the outer sheet 11 of the wall.

Although the invention has been explained above with reference to a few exemplary embodiments, the invention is by no means limited thereto, but on the contrary it comprises every possible embodiment within the scope of the appended claims.

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Claims (7)

Method according to claim 1, characterized in that - the ascending walls (7) are at least partly constructed from storey-high slabs (9,11) of aerated concrete and - that the outer side of the outer leaf (11) of aerated concrete (9,11) is finished with a plaster layer (25). Method according to claim 2, characterized in that - the slabs of aerated concrete (9, 11) have a thickness of at least roughly 150 mm., - that the cavity (13) is given a width of at least roughly 150 mm. . and - that after the influencing of the insulating material (15) on a cellulose basis from recycled paper, an insulation value of the wall results of at least roughly 5.5 kW / m2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the roof elements (17-43) are constructed as a hollow box construction with vertical rails (27 between the bottom plates (19, -45,47) and the top plates (21; 49). ) and 1009712. 12 - that between the tracks (27) and the top plates (21; 49) heat insulating elements (29) are placed. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that - the roof elements (17) are provided on the sides with vertical rails (27) placed towards the inside of the box construction, - that the roof elements (17) are placed next to each other with a small distance (31) between the respective side edges of facing side parts of the bottom and top plates (19, 21) and that the space is enclosed between the facing tracks (27) and the facing side parts of the bottom and top plates (19, 21) of the adjacent roof elements at work are flocked with said cellulose-based insulating material (23) from recycled paper. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that - the roof elements (43) are provided with an opening (b) at the location of the support on the ascending walls (57,59,63). the roof element (43) with insulating material (55) also the space between the roof element (43) and the top edge (71) of the ascending wall (57,59,63) is flocked through said opening (b). Method according to claim 1, characterized in that, at the foundation, the floors, the walls and the roof elements, thermal bridges are avoided by arranging parts of an insulating material between the parts that are exposed to the environment and the interior parts of the building. Roof element (17; 43) for the method according to one or more of claims 4-6. 35 1009712