NL1006163C2 - Method for improving the resistance to degradation of proteins in seeds and the product obtained in this way. - Google Patents

Description

METHOD FOR IMPROVING THE DEGRADATION RESISTANCE OF PROTEINS IN SEEDS AND THE PRODUCT OBTAINED THEREFOR

The present invention relates to a method for improving the resistance to degradation of proteins in seeds, which are used in animal feeds, in particular ruminants, such as cows. The invention further relates to the product obtained in this way and the use thereof in animal feeds.

Proteins are an important part of the diet of humans and animals. They are important, inter alia, for the supply of essential amino acids, which cannot be produced by the human or animal body itself, and for the supply of nitrogen (N). However, in order to make these building materials available to the body, proteins must first be broken down during digestion and taken up in the body in a usable form.

Ruminants, such as cows, have a number of fore-stomachs. In these pre-stomachs, the proteins are broken down by microorganisms into ammonia and organic acids, which are partly reused for the production of microbial protein. However, some of the nitrogen released in the form of ammonia is no longer used but is absorbed into the bloodstream in the form of urea and excreted in the urine. The result of this is that a loss of protein and nitrogen occurs and in extreme cases, moreover, due to the high concentration of urea in the blood, a negative influence on the animal's health.

In order to prevent the breakdown of proteins in the fore-stomachs, so that the proteins end up intact in the stomach itself, where breakdown of proteins into a useful form does take place, a number of treatments have already been proposed, such as a heat treatment or a chemical treatment . The aim of such treatments is always to improve the resistance to degradation of proteins, which in practice amounts to 1006163

Annex to letter dated October 16, 1997 2

Dutch patent application no. 1006163 bringing the proteins inaccessible to the protein-degrading micro-organisms in the fore stomachs.

However, the methods used hitherto have not yet proved sufficiently effective in some products to achieve optimal or at least acceptable protein utilization. It is therefore the object of the invention to provide a new method, which improves the degradation resistance of proteins in the ruminant fore-stomachs, thereby increasing the total protein utilization by the animal.

This is accomplished by the invention by a method comprising the steps of: a) providing comminuted seeds, so-called seed parts; B) subjecting the seed parts to a heat treatment; c) pressing the treated seed parts into flakes; d) optionally cooling and / or drying the flakes; and e) treating the flakes with formaldehyde. In this application, "seeds" includes legumes.

Research has shown that treated seeds in this way have a markedly improved breakdown resistance of 20 to 40% compared to untreated or only comminuted and chemically treated seeds. The provision of comminuted seeds (seed parts) can be done in various ways, for instance by breaking intact seeds, but also by taking already broken or otherwise comminuted seeds as starting material. The comminution is important to make the interior of the seed accessible for further treatment steps.

The heat treatment of the seed parts is preferably a steam treatment, which for instance consists of exposing the comminuted seeds to steam for a certain period of time and the product at a temperature of 1 0061 f5 3

Annex to letter dated October 16, 1997 3

Dutch patent application no. 1006163 to bring temperature of at least 100 ° C. This type of treatment is also known in itself as "toasting". The steam treatment increases the moisture content of the seeds by about 6%. Alternatively, 5 heat treatments such as expanding, extruding, tumble drying etc. can also be used.

After the steam treatment, the comminuted seeds are pressed into flakes by means of rollers, the pressure and thus the flake thickness of which can be determined hydraulically. The treatment with steam and pressing into flakes result in a digestion and surface enlargement of the product, which greatly improves the reaction with formaldehyde.

After pressing into flakes, the product is dried if necessary and cooled to a moisture content of about 13%. The formaldehyde treatment consists of an intensive mixing of a formaldehyde solution into the flaked product. The dosage of the formaldehyde solution is such that 0.3 to 0.5% pure formaldehyde is added to the treated product.

After the addition of the formaldehyde solution, the product is kept in a closed room for at least 72 hours to allow the formaldehyde to take effect. The formaldehyde bonds with the proteins, which thereby pass through the fore-stomachs without being broken down. Due to the lower pH prevailing there, degradation can take place in the actual stomach. This significantly increases the ultimate uptake efficiency and utilization of the proteins.

The method according to the invention is suitable for improving the resistance to degradation of proteins in a large number of (protein-containing) seeds, such as those of the leguminous plants and those of crops supplying vegetable oils. Examples of seeds that can be used in the method according to the invention are lupine seeds, sunflower seeds, soybeans and rapeseed. Lupine seed is particularly preferred.

1006163 4

The invention further relates to the product obtained by carrying out the method according to the invention, ie the seed treated in this way and the use of this seed in the manufacture of animal feeds, in particular ruminants, such as cows.

Finally, the invention relates to feeds containing the product obtained by the method according to the invention and the use thereof as a semi-finished product for the preparation of compound feeds for ruminants.

The invention will be further elucidated by means of the following non-limiting examples.

15 EXAMPLES

EXAMPLE 1

Treatment of lupine seed 30,000 kg of lupine seed was broken with a roller roller 20 and then fed to a Kahl cascade toaster in which the broken seeds were steamed for 20 minutes and heated to a temperature of 102 ° C.

Using a Bühler flake roller, the toasted seeds were flocked at a pressure of 40 bar and then dried in a belt dryer and cooled in a belt cooler.

In a rapid mixer, a 30% formaldehyde solution at a dose of 1.66% was added to the flakes thus obtained.

After the addition of the formaldehyde solution, the flakes were stored in a sealed silo for 72 hours.

EXAMPLE 2 Determination of In Vitro Protein Resistance.

The degradation of the protein of the product as prepared in Example 1 was determined in vitro according to 1006163, the method described by Assoumani, MB. et al. in Animal Feed Science and Technology, 39 (1992) 357-368.

The protease resistance of the protein after 4 hours of incubation was 78%. In untreated lupins, a protease resistance of 8% was determined and in only reduced and formaldehyde-treated lupins, a protease resistance of 62%.

The additional steam heating and flocculation treatment resulted in a significant improvement in the in vitro determined protease resistance of the protein.

EXAMPLE 3

Determination of protein resistance. intestinal digestibility and starch resistance in vivo.

The in situ degradation of protein and starch of the product as prepared in Example 1 was determined in cows by incubation in the rumen. This research was carried out according to the Protocol for in situ incubations in the rumen of dairy cows drawn up by the Central Livestock Feed Bureau in the Netherlands.

The residues from the rumen incubations were examined for intestinal digestibility using the mobile nylon sachet technique.

The study also examined, for comparative purposes, only lupine seed comminuted and treated with formaldehyde solution, and the results were also compared with untreated lupins.

The results of this study were as follows: 1006163 6 product resistance (%) intestinal digestibility protein starch protein (%)

Lupins treated 67.0 37 98.6 as in Example 1 5 Lupins reduced 49.3 34 98.6 and treated with formaldehyde

Lupins untreated 22 10 98 10 Also in the in vivo study, a significant improvement in the protein's resistance was observed by steam-treating and flocculating the lupine seed without decreasing intestinal digestibility.

1006163

Claims (9)

A method for improving the degradation resistance of proteins in seeds for use in feed for ruminants in particular, such as cows, comprising the steps of: a) providing comminuted seeds, so-called seed parts; b) subjecting the seed parts to a heat treatment; c) pressing the treated seed parts into flakes; d) optionally cooling and / or drying the flakes; and e) treating the flakes with formaldehyde. 2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the provision of comminuted seeds (seed parts) is done by breaking intact seeds. 3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the heat treatment is a steam treatment, which consists of exposing the seed parts to steam with a temperature of at least 100 ° C. 4. Process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the formaldehyde treatment consists of intensive mixing in of a formaldehyde solution with a concentration such that 0.3 to 0.5% formaldehyde is added to the product. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the seed is selected from crops of leguminous plants or vegetable oils. The method of claim 5, wherein the seeds are selected from lupine seeds, sunflower seeds, soybeans or rapeseed. Product obtained by performing the method according to any one of claims 1-6. The product of claim 7, wherein the seed used is lupine seed. 1006163 Animal feed, comprising a product according to claim 7 or 8, for use as an ingredient in compound feed for ruminants. 1 0 0 6 1 6 3 COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) REPORT ON NEWNESS RESEARCH OF INTERNATIONAL TYPE OF IDENTIFICATION OF THE NATIONAL APPLICATION Characteristic of the applicant or of the gemacnugoe L / R075 / 6 Dutch application no. Filing date 1006163 29 May 1997 Name invoked Priority I SCHOUTEN PRODUCTS BV · Acceptance of the request for a survey of the intemal sewing type Granted by the International Investigation Authority (ISA) to the request for an investigation of the international banal type No. SN 29555 EN I. CLASSIFICATION OF THE SUBJECT MATTER (where different classifications apply, all (dassrficaoe symbols) According to the International Classification (IPC) Int. Cl. 6: A 23 K 1/16, A 23 K 1/18 II. FIELDS OF TECHNIQUE RESEARCHED __Requested minimum documentation____ Classification system__Classification symbols ____-_ j Int. Cl.6 A 23 K, A 23 J i Documentation examined other than minimum documentation to the extent that such documents were included in the areas I examined I - ________I lil .:! NO RESEARCH POSSIBLE FOR CERTAIN CONCLUSIONS (summaries on Supplemental DIad) 1 i IV.1_ LACK OF UNIT OF INVENTION (ODmerKinaen also complementinasoiad) i ________ I _'___________ = orrr. PCT / IS-LCOliaiCS fSSc