ADDITIVE FOR THE ELABORATION OF PERMEABLE ECOLOGICAL CONCRETES WITH HIGH RESISTANCE TO COMPRESSION, FLEXION AND ABRASION, AND PROCEDURE FOR THEIR OBTAINATION
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION At present, it is increasingly necessary to have permeable concrete floors, which allow the filtration of water to the sub-floor. However, for the construction of permeable concrete floors, there are serious problems, mainly because they have very low resistance to both flexion and compression, and generally fall apart. There is the case, for example, of the concrete without fines, which are permeable but easily crumble. In the Mexican patent application No. 962170, from the same inventors, a permeable product is described that solves the problem mentioned herein. Said product can be manufactured based on terpolymers, with type 1 cement. The additive motif of the present invention remarkably improves the characteristics of the previous version, which could be mixed only with cement type 1 and that has some limitations despite have a good resistance to bending, compression and abrasion. Its limitations are listed below: • It does not reach enough resistance to allow its handling in any type of uses, which limits this product to be used in parking lots, streets of regular or low traffic, and pedestrian floors. • It is very expensive . • Its resistance is not easily controllable. • It is only packed dry. • It presents problems for its correct setting at very low temperatures. The product of the present invention, when mixed with any type of cement, water and any hard aggregate with granulometries greater than 4 mm, results in a permeable concrete of great resistance both to bending and to compression and abrasion, of long durability, and which behaves excellently regardless of the climate with the following advantages: • By varying the proportions in the mixture, different levels of controllable resistance are obtained. • It can be packaged in liquid or solid form. • Its price allows it to compete against other pavements of common use. • This new product can be used in virtually any climate. • No degradation since this new formulation contains a silica-aluminate, which is an inorganic material that reacts with the cement giving it much greater resistance to both flexion, compression and abrasion. • This additive results in a mixture of concrete that can be used for the manufacture of ecological permeable pavers. • The solid additive can be packed together with cement and stone aggregate in different proportions, depending on the resistance required, in order to facilitate self-construction ("do it yourself"). DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Generally, the composition of the present invention contains the following basic ingredients: dispersing agents, binding agents, humectants, hydroxy propyl ethyl cellulose or hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose and silico aluminates, but also, according to the characteristics of the product that it is desired to produce, can optionally contain water, surfactants, bactericidal agents and defoamers. The characteristics of the additive of the present invention are such that, upon contact with cement and water, a chemical reaction is achieved which results in a large increase in the adhesiveness of the cement. The contact points of the aggregate will have a great strength allowing a product of great cohesion despite the absence of fines such as sand. In the case where it is desired to build permeable floors, some stone aggregates such as: andecite, basalt, vesicular basalt, tezontle, rhyolite, microdiorite, granite, limestone, barite, marble, silica and in general any product have been successfully tested. of stony origin. Nevertheless, it is important to clarify that instead of the stone aggregates mentioned above, slag can also be used. The product obtained using the additive of the present invention can be reinforced structurally, accepting both metallic and plastic materials, either in the form of rods or in the form of meshes. The absence of fines allows the resulting material to have characteristics of high permeability and that does not deform with changes in temperature. The high strength permeable concrete obtained using the additive of the present invention can be used in the construction of: Pedestrian floors. Walkers and sidewalks. Plazas . Fittings. Parking floors.
Floors for streets and roads. Retaining walls. Escolleras. Breakwater. Floors for springs. Floors for sowing that allow the control of pests. Floors for livestock pens. Airplanes that avoid aquaplaning. Permeable slabs and in general for any use in which the handling of a permeable surface and of a great resistance is convenient, either to allow the passage of the water to the subsoil or to channel it and to take it to where it is desired, with which it is also possible the reduction or elimination of storm drains. The additive object of the present invention can be packed in tanks, drums, cans and / or buckets, which facilitates its subsequent use when mixed with cement, stone aggregate and water to obtain permeable concrete. According to the above description, an additive formulation is provided for the manufacture of permeable concrete with high resistance to compression, bending and abrasion. Of course, the proportion in which the different ingredients are mixed will depend fundamentally on the use or application that is going to be given to the final product, therefore, the different proportions in the mixture will result in concrete of different resistances, which They elaborate according to the following formulation. The formula to manufacture 100 kilos of the additive is the following:
For the manufacture of 1 m3 of permeable concrete, the following materials are required: Water of 50 to 110 liters Liquid additive of 9% to 10% by weight, on weight of cement Stone aggregate 1 m3 Cement of 120.00 to 360.00 kg For mixing with additive solid, the following materials are required: Water of 50 to 110 liters Solid additive of 6% to 8% by weight, on weight of cement Stone aggregate 1 m3 Cement of 120.00 to 360.00 kg Example 1. Preparation of an additive composition in the form liquid: For the preparation of an additive formulation in liquid form the following steps are followed: a) The necessary amount of water is available; b) Dispersants and the wetting agent are added; c) Non-ionic surfactant is added; d) The anionic surfactant is added; e) The bactericidal agent is added; f) The antifoaming agent is added;
g) Hydroxypropylethylcellulose or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose is added; h) Silico aluminateno crystallino is added; All the previous steps are carried out maintaining a constant and uniform agitation to obtain a stable and homogeneous liquid product. Example 2. Preparation of an additive composition in solid form: For the case in which a formulation of the additive of the present invention is to be prepared in solid presentation, the following steps are followed: a) Incorporate the dispersants and the wetting agent; b) Add non-ionic surfactant; c) Add the anionic surfactant; d) Add hydroxypropylethylcellulose or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose; e) Add non-crystalline silico aluminate. All the previous steps are carried out by uniformly mixing all the ingredients when they are added, in such a way that a homogenous and uniform solid mixture is obtained.
This new additive allows different mixtures to be achieved in order to obtain different levels of resistance, both flexion and compression, which, in turn, makes it possible to produce various mixtures for different uses.
With a concrete of f'c = 100 kg / cm2, we can make stable fill layers to work on them. With a f'c = 200 kg / cm2, walkways, sidewalks and cycle paths can be built. With a f'c = 250 kg / cm2, parking lots, medium traffic streets and garages are built. For loading platforms, avenues, roads and runways we can use the mixture of f'c = 300 kg / cm2. This new formulation also allows the use of integral coloration within the mixture. The following mixtures can be used to give several resistances: fe (kg / cm2) 100 200 250 300 200 With integrated color
Dispersant (sodium salt of condensed naphthalene sulphonic acid of high molecular weight) 1,400 3,200 3,900 4,300 3,500
Dispersant (calcium salt of naphthalene sulfonic acid) 0.300 0.600 0.900 1.000 0.700
Dispersant (melamine polymer and formaldehyde) 0.000 13,000 1,600 2,000 1,500
Moisturizer (alkyl aryl naphthalene sulfonate Concentrate) 0.100 0.270 0.400 0.600 0.300
Nonionic surfactant (surfactant derived from Nonyl phenol and ethylene oxide) 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.300
Anionic Surfactant (dioctyl sulfocyanate or sodium tridecyl) 0.000 0.270 0.330 0.400 0.300
Bactericide 0.030 0.080 0.100 0.100 0.080 Hydroxy-propyl-ethyl or methyl-cellulose 0.000 0.800 1.000 1.100 0.800
Antifoam 0.030 0.080 0.100 0.100 0.08
Silica non-crystalline aluminate, calcined and 4,000 10,800 13,200 18,000 4,000 highly reactive 120,000 270,000 330,000 360,000 270,000
Color (iron oxides) 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 13.500
Stone aggregate without sand 1 m3 1 m3 1 m3 1 m3 1 m3
Water 50,000 100,000 105,000 110,000 65,000
The quantities of the materials appear in kilograms.
It is possible to achieve greater resistances by modifying the proportions of the additive and the cement. Example 3. 50 liter of water was placed in a vessel, 1,400 kg of sodium salt of condensed naphthalenesulfonic acid, of high molecular weight and 0.300 kg of calcium salt of naphthalenesulfonic acid were added together with 0.100 kg of a humectant consisting of sulfonate of aryl concentrated naphthalene; then 0.020 kg of a bactericide and 0.030 kg of an antifoaming agent were added; to the above mixture were added 4,000 kg of non-crystalline silico aluminate and 120 kg of cement; Finally, 1 m3 of a stone aggregate without sand was added. The result was a pervious concrete having a f'c of 100 kg / cm2. Example 4 To 110 liters of water, 4,300 kg of sodium salt of condensed naphthalenesulfonic acid, of high molecular weight and 1,000 kg of calcium salt of naphthalenesulfonic acid were added together with 2,000 kg of a polymer of melamine and formaldehyde and 0.600 kg of a humectant consisting of concentrated aryl alkyl naphthalene sulfonate; then 0.400 kg of an anionic surfactant and 0.100 kg of a bactericide were added; 1,100 kg of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and O.OOOO kg of an antifoaming agent were then added; to the above mixture, 18,000 kg of non-crystalline silico aluminate and 360 kg of cement were added; the above mixture was stirred for a sufficient time to obtain complete and uniform mixing. Finally, 1 m3 of a stone aggregate without sand was added. The result was a permeable concrete that has a faith of 300 kg / cm2. Example 5. 65 liters of water were placed in a vessel, 3,500 kg of sodium salt of condensed naphthalenesulfonic acid, of high molecular weight and 0.700 kg of calcium salt of naphthalenesulfonic acid were added together with 1,500 kg of a melamine polymer and formaldehyde and 0.300 kg of a humectant consisting of concentrated aryl alkyl naphthalene sulfonate; then 0.300 kg of a non-ionic surfactant and 0.300 kg of an anionic surfactant and 0.080 kg of a bactericide were added; 0.800 kg of hydroxypropyl ethylcellulose and 0.080 kg of an antifoaming agent were then added; to the above mixture were added 4,000 kg of non-crystalline silico aluminate and 270 kg of cement; then 13,500 kg of a dye consisting of iron oxides was mixed; the above mixture was stirred for a sufficient time to obtain complete and uniform mixing. Finally, 1 m3 of a stone aggregate without sand was added. The result was a permeable concrete with integrated color, which has a faith of 200 kg / cm2.
Although the above description comprises the best known method for implementing this technological development, it is obvious to be able to make some subsequent changes without affecting the spirit and scope of the invention. It is also necessary to specify in the fact that even after this invention has been disclosed, it could be used totally or partially within another field of action. That should be considered as a modality in its application and in no way as a new invention. It is noted that in relation to this date the best method known by the applicant to carry out the aforementioned invention, is that which is clear from the present description of the invention.