MXPA03010705A - Formulaciones farmaceuticas solidas que comprenden modafinil. - Google Patents
Formulaciones farmaceuticas solidas que comprenden modafinil.Info
- Publication number
- MXPA03010705A MXPA03010705A MXPA03010705A MXPA03010705A MXPA03010705A MX PA03010705 A MXPA03010705 A MX PA03010705A MX PA03010705 A MXPA03010705 A MX PA03010705A MX PA03010705 A MXPA03010705 A MX PA03010705A MX PA03010705 A MXPA03010705 A MX PA03010705A
- Authority
- MX
- Mexico
- Prior art keywords
- modafinil
- pharmaceutical formulations
- solid pharmaceutical
- compositions
- disintegrants
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
- A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
- A61K9/1605—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/1617—Organic compounds, e.g. phospholipids, fats
- A61K9/1623—Sugars or sugar alcohols, e.g. lactose; Derivatives thereof; Homeopathic globules
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/16—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids
- A61K31/165—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids having aromatic rings, e.g. colchicine, atenolol, progabide
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
- A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/2013—Organic compounds, e.g. phospholipids, fats
- A61K9/2018—Sugars, or sugar alcohols, e.g. lactose, mannitol; Derivatives thereof, e.g. polysorbates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
- A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/2022—Organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K9/2027—Organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyvinyl pyrrolidone, poly(meth)acrylates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
- A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/2022—Organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K9/205—Polysaccharides, e.g. alginate, gums; Cyclodextrin
- A61K9/2054—Cellulose; Cellulose derivatives, e.g. hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
- A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/2022—Organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K9/205—Polysaccharides, e.g. alginate, gums; Cyclodextrin
- A61K9/2059—Starch, including chemically or physically modified derivatives; Amylose; Amylopectin; Dextrin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
- A61P1/14—Prodigestives, e.g. acids, enzymes, appetite stimulants, antidyspeptics, tonics, antiflatulents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/14—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abnormal movements, e.g. chorea, dyskinesia
- A61P25/16—Anti-Parkinson drugs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/20—Hypnotics; Sedatives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/26—Psychostimulants, e.g. nicotine, cocaine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
Abstract
La presente invencion se refiere a composiciones de modafinil, incluyendo composiciones de modafinil y uno o mas diluyentes, desintegrantes, aglutinantes y lubricantes, y a los procesos para su preparacion.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US29369501P | 2001-05-25 | 2001-05-25 | |
US10/155,913 US7297346B2 (en) | 2001-05-25 | 2002-05-23 | Pharmaceutical formulations of modafinil |
PCT/US2002/016369 WO2002096401A1 (en) | 2001-05-25 | 2002-05-24 | Solid pharmaceutical formulations comprising modafinil |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
MXPA03010705A true MXPA03010705A (es) | 2004-05-27 |
Family
ID=26852708
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
MXPA03010705A MXPA03010705A (es) | 2001-05-25 | 2002-05-23 | Formulaciones farmaceuticas solidas que comprenden modafinil. |
Country Status (20)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7297346B2 (es) |
EP (1) | EP1397127B8 (es) |
JP (1) | JP4443119B2 (es) |
KR (1) | KR100911779B1 (es) |
CN (1) | CN1318026C (es) |
AT (1) | ATE357228T1 (es) |
AU (1) | AU2002318155B8 (es) |
BR (1) | BRPI0210085B8 (es) |
CA (1) | CA2448456C (es) |
DE (1) | DE60219005T2 (es) |
ES (1) | ES2281527T3 (es) |
HK (1) | HK1061652A1 (es) |
IL (1) | IL158959A (es) |
MX (1) | MXPA03010705A (es) |
MY (1) | MY129376A (es) |
NO (1) | NO328805B1 (es) |
NZ (1) | NZ530040A (es) |
TW (1) | TWI321475B (es) |
WO (1) | WO2002096401A1 (es) |
ZA (1) | ZA200309978B (es) |
Families Citing this family (24)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002010125A1 (en) | 2000-07-27 | 2002-02-07 | Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. | Crystalline and pure modafinil, and process of preparing the same |
US20080058424A1 (en) * | 2002-05-23 | 2008-03-06 | Cephalon, Inc. | Novel pharmaceutical formulations of modafinil |
US7229644B2 (en) * | 2002-05-23 | 2007-06-12 | Cephalon, Inc. | Pharmaceutical formulations of modafinil |
US20040048931A1 (en) * | 2002-07-12 | 2004-03-11 | Craig Heacock | Modafinil pharmaceutical compositions |
WO2004010979A1 (en) * | 2002-07-25 | 2004-02-05 | Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited | Processes for the preparation of oral dosage formulations of modafinil |
US20040116532A1 (en) | 2002-09-13 | 2004-06-17 | Craig Heacock | Pharmaceutical formulations of modafinil |
IL153098A0 (en) * | 2002-11-26 | 2003-06-24 | Chemagis Ltd | Pharmaceutical compositions containing modafinil |
FR2849029B1 (fr) * | 2002-12-20 | 2005-03-18 | Lafon Labor | Procede de preparation et formes cristallines des enantiomeres optiques du modafinil. |
CA2420180A1 (en) * | 2003-02-28 | 2004-08-28 | Bernard Charles Sherman | Tablets comprising modafinil |
CA2519117C (en) * | 2003-03-17 | 2010-03-02 | Neurohealing Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | High potency dopaminergic treatment of neurological impairment associated with brain injury |
US20040253308A1 (en) * | 2003-04-29 | 2004-12-16 | Barr Laboratories, Inc. | Surface-treated modafinil particles |
US8153159B2 (en) * | 2003-09-18 | 2012-04-10 | Cephalon, Inc. | Modafinil modified release pharmaceutical compositions |
CN101031290B (zh) * | 2003-09-18 | 2011-09-21 | 赛福伦公司 | 改良释放的莫达非尼药物组合物 |
US7368591B2 (en) | 2003-09-19 | 2008-05-06 | Cephalon France | Process for enantioselective synthesis of single enantiomers of modafinil by asymmetric oxidation |
US20050137264A1 (en) * | 2003-12-22 | 2005-06-23 | Patel Ashish A. | Modafinil compositions |
BRPI0612440A2 (pt) * | 2005-04-08 | 2010-11-23 | New River Pharmaceuticals Inc | composição farmacêutica e uso de um profármaco de anfetamina |
US20070048373A1 (en) * | 2005-08-30 | 2007-03-01 | Cima Labs Inc. | Dried milled granulate and methods |
US8173169B2 (en) * | 2007-07-11 | 2012-05-08 | Hikma Pharmaceuticals | Formulation and process for the preparation of modafinil |
KR101431711B1 (ko) * | 2008-05-07 | 2014-08-21 | 삼성전자 주식회사 | 발광 장치 및 발광 시스템의 제조 방법, 상기 방법을이용하여 제조한 발광 장치 및 발광 시스템 |
US20090325999A1 (en) * | 2008-06-27 | 2009-12-31 | Jie Du | Personalized pharmaceutical kits, packaging and compositions for the treatment of allergic conditions |
HUE037616T2 (hu) | 2010-12-08 | 2018-09-28 | Codexis Inc | Biokatalizátorok és eljárások armodafinil szintéziséhez |
CN103338742A (zh) * | 2010-12-21 | 2013-10-02 | 阿克佐诺贝尔化学国际公司 | 用于含水化妆品和药物应用的速溶粉末 |
FR2987266B1 (fr) | 2012-02-28 | 2014-12-19 | Debregeas Et Associes Pharma | Procede d'obtention d'une composition pharmaceutique a base de modafinil, composition pharmaceutique ainsi obtenue et son application |
US9616068B2 (en) | 2014-10-27 | 2017-04-11 | Pohela LLC | Animal training using cognitive enhancement |
Family Cites Families (23)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1570994A (en) * | 1923-11-20 | 1926-01-26 | William A Cook | Spring-forming die |
GB1584462A (en) * | 1977-03-31 | 1981-02-11 | Lafon Labor | N-diaryl-malonamide and diarylmethyl-sulphinyl-acetamide derivatives and pharmaceutical compositions containing them |
FR2593809B1 (fr) * | 1986-01-31 | 1988-07-22 | Lafon Labor | Benzhydrylsulfinylacetamide, procede de preparation et utilisation en therapeutique |
FR2663225B1 (fr) * | 1990-06-14 | 1994-11-04 | Lafon Labor | Nouvelle utilisation du modafinil. |
FR2684875B1 (fr) * | 1991-12-13 | 1995-05-24 | Lafon Labor | Utilisation du modafinil pour la fabrication d'un medicament ayant un effet anti-ischemique. |
FR2697162B1 (fr) * | 1992-10-23 | 1995-01-13 | Lafon Labor | Utilisation du modafinil pour la fabrication d'un médicament pour le traitement de l'incontinence urinaire et des troubles sphinctériens urétro vésicaux. |
GB9225492D0 (en) * | 1992-12-05 | 1993-01-27 | Glaxo Group Ltd | Amine derivatives |
US5843347A (en) * | 1993-03-23 | 1998-12-01 | Laboratoire L. Lafon | Extrusion and freeze-drying method for preparing particles containing an active ingredient |
FR2702968B1 (fr) * | 1993-03-23 | 1995-06-23 | Lafon Labor | Procédé de préparation de particules renfermant un ingrédient actif par extrusion et lyophilisation . |
FR2706767B1 (es) * | 1993-06-22 | 1995-09-08 | Lafon Labor | |
US5618845A (en) * | 1994-10-06 | 1997-04-08 | Cephalon, Inc. | Acetamide derivative having defined particle size |
US5948437A (en) * | 1996-05-23 | 1999-09-07 | Zeneca Limited | Pharmaceutical compositions using thiazepine |
CN1277550A (zh) * | 1997-09-11 | 2000-12-20 | 尼科梅德丹麦有限公司 | 非甾体抗炎药物(NSAIDs)的改进释放的复合型组合物 |
IL143407A0 (en) * | 1998-12-18 | 2002-04-21 | Abbott Lab | Controlled release formulation of divalproex sodium |
US6267985B1 (en) * | 1999-06-30 | 2001-07-31 | Lipocine Inc. | Clear oil-containing pharmaceutical compositions |
US6294192B1 (en) * | 1999-02-26 | 2001-09-25 | Lipocine, Inc. | Triglyceride-free compositions and methods for improved delivery of hydrophobic therapeutic agents |
US6248363B1 (en) * | 1999-11-23 | 2001-06-19 | Lipocine, Inc. | Solid carriers for improved delivery of active ingredients in pharmaceutical compositions |
US6346548B1 (en) * | 1999-08-16 | 2002-02-12 | Cephalon, Inc. | Compositions including modafinil for treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and multiple sclerosis fatigue |
US6455588B1 (en) * | 1999-08-20 | 2002-09-24 | Cephalon, Inc. | Compositions including modafinil for treatment of eating disorders and for appetite stimulation |
US6204245B1 (en) * | 1999-09-17 | 2001-03-20 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Treatment of narcolepsy with immunosuppressants |
US20010034373A1 (en) * | 2000-02-09 | 2001-10-25 | Matthew Miller | Low dose modafinil for enhancement of cognitive function |
US6492396B2 (en) * | 2000-05-16 | 2002-12-10 | Cephalon, Inc. | Substituted thioacetamides |
US6670358B2 (en) * | 2000-05-16 | 2003-12-30 | Cephalon, Inc. | Substituted thioacetamides |
-
2002
- 2002-05-23 DE DE60219005T patent/DE60219005T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-05-23 AT AT02747859T patent/ATE357228T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-05-23 ES ES02747859T patent/ES2281527T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-05-23 US US10/155,913 patent/US7297346B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-05-23 MX MXPA03010705A patent/MXPA03010705A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2002-05-23 IL IL158959A patent/IL158959A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2002-05-23 KR KR1020037015397A patent/KR100911779B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-05-24 EP EP02747859A patent/EP1397127B8/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-05-24 NZ NZ530040A patent/NZ530040A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-05-24 AU AU2002318155A patent/AU2002318155B8/en not_active Expired
- 2002-05-24 CA CA2448456A patent/CA2448456C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-05-24 WO PCT/US2002/016369 patent/WO2002096401A1/en active Application Filing
- 2002-05-24 JP JP2002592912A patent/JP4443119B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-05-24 MY MYPI20021932A patent/MY129376A/en unknown
- 2002-05-24 BR BRPI0210085A patent/BRPI0210085B8/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-05-24 CN CNB028104919A patent/CN1318026C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-05-27 TW TW091111169A patent/TWI321475B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2003
- 2003-11-24 NO NO20035211A patent/NO328805B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-12-23 ZA ZA2003/09978A patent/ZA200309978B/en unknown
-
2004
- 2004-06-30 HK HK04104701A patent/HK1061652A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
TWI321475B (en) | 2010-03-11 |
JP4443119B2 (ja) | 2010-03-31 |
DE60219005D1 (de) | 2007-05-03 |
AU2002318155B2 (en) | 2007-03-01 |
KR100911779B1 (ko) | 2009-08-12 |
US7297346B2 (en) | 2007-11-20 |
DE60219005T2 (de) | 2007-12-13 |
EP1397127A1 (en) | 2004-03-17 |
IL158959A0 (en) | 2004-05-12 |
KR20040005986A (ko) | 2004-01-16 |
IL158959A (en) | 2010-06-30 |
EP1397127B8 (en) | 2008-02-20 |
ES2281527T3 (es) | 2007-10-01 |
BRPI0210085A (pt) | 2004-06-29 |
ZA200309978B (en) | 2005-05-25 |
CA2448456A1 (en) | 2002-12-05 |
MY129376A (en) | 2007-03-30 |
BRPI0210085B1 (pt) | 2020-11-10 |
CA2448456C (en) | 2010-07-27 |
CN1511031A (zh) | 2004-07-07 |
ATE357228T1 (de) | 2007-04-15 |
US20030022940A1 (en) | 2003-01-30 |
NZ530040A (en) | 2005-11-25 |
BRPI0210085B8 (pt) | 2021-07-20 |
NO20035211D0 (no) | 2003-11-24 |
JP2004532863A (ja) | 2004-10-28 |
WO2002096401A1 (en) | 2002-12-05 |
HK1061652A1 (en) | 2004-09-30 |
NO328805B1 (no) | 2010-05-18 |
EP1397127B1 (en) | 2007-03-21 |
AU2002318155B8 (en) | 2008-05-15 |
CN1318026C (zh) | 2007-05-30 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
MXPA03010705A (es) | Formulaciones farmaceuticas solidas que comprenden modafinil. | |
GB0004128D0 (en) | Novel compounds | |
WO2004024134A8 (en) | Pharmaceutical formulations of modafinil | |
AP1770A (en) | HIV protease inhibitors, compositions containing the same, their pharmaceutical uses and materials for their sythesis. | |
MXPA03010207A (es) | Nuevas 4-anilinoquinolin-3-carboxamidas. | |
WO2003000200A3 (en) | β-2'-OR 3'-HALONUCLEOSIDES | |
PL367682A1 (en) | Dolastatin 10 derivatives | |
YU63703A (sh) | 6-supstituisani pirido-pirimidini | |
MY128924A (en) | Novel compounds | |
MXPA04003796A (es) | Tioacetamidas sustituidas. | |
MY140081A (en) | Pharmaceutical formulations of modafinil | |
DE60112330D1 (en) | Pyrazolopyridinderivate | |
NO20043016L (no) | 6-aminomorfinan-derivater, fremgangsmate for fremstilling og anvendelse derav | |
MXPA03010158A (es) | Sulfonamidas. | |
SE0102716D0 (sv) | Novel compounds | |
DE60201074D1 (en) | Pyrazolopyridinderivate | |
MXPA03008801A (es) | Aril oxima-piperazinas utiles como antagonistas de ccr5. | |
MXPA04005151A (es) | Compuestos terapeuticos. | |
AU2002357740A1 (en) | Pyrazolo-pyridine derivatives as antiherpes agents | |
SI1651596T1 (sl) | Novi derivati ditiobis aminobutan sulfonatov in sestavki ki jih vsebujejo | |
DE60212130D1 (en) | Carvedilolpolymorph | |
DE60214004D1 (en) | Tricyclische epoxide | |
EP1444247A4 (en) | NEW TIBOLON FORMULATIONS | |
AR033910A1 (es) | Nuevas formulaciones farmaceuticas de moda-finil | |
MXPA03001440A (es) | Compuestos de trioxepano novedosos. |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
FG | Grant or registration |