MXPA00004334A - Flowable multicomponent mixtures for promoting the growth of the soil micro-organism flora, and use of the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a first configuration of a method for increasing the growth of the soil micro-organism flora and for promoting the microbial digestion of a soil (substrate) containing organic matter, resulting in the subsequent reinforcement and promotion of healthy plant growth in said substrate. The method is characterised by the application of aqueous preparations containing a) ecologically compatible O/W type wetting agents with b) lipophilic saturated and/or olefinically unsaturated hydrocarbon radicals with aerobically and anaerobically decomposable organic compounds with a fatty structure as additional sources of C for promoting the growth of the micro-organism flora in conjunction with the application of c) support materials containing compounds of P and/or N which are oil-soluble at least in proportions and if desired, other macro- and/or micronutrients for plant growth, c) being applied at the same time as a) and b) after a set interval. The invention also relates to water-dilutable aqueous concentrates of the aforementioned components a), b) and c) and to the use of these mixtures of valuable materials for conditioning the soil, especially for a soil treatment which has the effects of accelerating rotting (mineralisation), improving the soil (improved soil ventilation, elimination of anaerobic areas of soil and similar) and especially for use as a vitalisation agent for strengthening plants with a preferably slow-release fertiliser effect.

Description

FLUID MIXTURES OF MULTIPLE COMPONENTS TO PROMOTE THE GROWTH OF SOIL MICROORGANISMS AND USE OF THE SOILS The technical knowledge developed in recent times for apparently simple processes of soil digestion to promote the growth of plants and the addition of auxiliaries in the field of fertilizers allows to obtain a better understanding of the highly complex vital and exchange processes that take place in the field of the living soil substrate. A global presentation and classification of these natural life processes is found, for example, in the publication "Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry" (Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry), Editor: E.A. Paul and F.E. Clark, published in Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, United States of America, 1989. It is presented in a summarized way especially the extremely complex and multiple vital processes as well as the interactions of the flora of multiple microorganisms and the exchange between the microfauna and the macrofauna of the soil, which is also known as the substrate. Live plants are in constant exchange with these vital processes of soil microorganisms through their roots. The control and care of the growth of these microorganisms and consequently the growth of the microorganism flora of the soil has a special importance for the care and the control of the growth of the plants. The concentration of microorganism flora is greater in the area that is in direct contact with the roots of the plants - in technical language it is known as rhizosphere - and decays rapidly at a distance of a few millimeters. The interchange between the roots of the plants and the population of microorganisms in the area of the rhizosphere therefore has a decisive importance for the control, care and promotion of the growth of the plants. Insufficiencies - for example in terms of the contribution of oxygen, water and nutrients dissolved there - can weaken the plants and consequently cause important disorders. These disorders can occur both at the root level - that is, nematode attack - as well as at the top of the plants. The technical teaching described in the present invention is based on the concept that an optimal and natural control and promotion of the processes of the microorganisms in the subsoil allows a primary promotion of the growth process of the flora of the microorganisms. The elevation of microbial activity in the soil promotes natural mineralization processes in the sense of soil digestion and reintroduction of dead plant parts in the cycle of nutrients. The populations of microorganisms with fostered growth serve as food for many small organisms, which finally causes a general revitalization of the soil. The improved structure of the soil allows an optimal supply of oxygen to the soil and to the roots of the plants, the promotion of the microbial activity has a stabilizing effect on the soil matrix. Improved ventilation shows an acceleration effect of decomposition and thus causes a looser soil, which is also important for the metabolism of plant roots. It can be avoided or at least reduce the solidification of the soil caused by abundant rainfall or by a non-professional preparation. DE 44 37 313 describes the use of selected phosphorus and nitrogen containing components within the class of phospholipids to improve the growth of plants. By adding these phospholipids to the substrate where plants are growing or where plants will grow, the growth of these plants can be improved. According to the data of this publication, it is considered that this growth increase is related to a stimulation of the microorganisms that live in the substrate. As phospholipids are contemplated, mainly, lecithin, hydrolyzed lecithin and chemically modified lecithin. DE 42 18 243 also describes mixtures of nutritional substances based on liquid aqueous preparations containing a phosphoric acid ester as an emulsifier and source of P as well as one or more soluble or water dispersible N sources in a desired manner. The objective here is the cultivation of microorganisms that are suitable - within the framework of a biological management - to biologically degrade contaminants of mineral oils in soils and / or contaminated waters. WO 93/01 150 describes mixtures of fertilizer that can be easily obtained for the contribution of N for the growth of the plants. It is contemplated here together with the mixture of fertilizers based on nutritive macrosubstances and nutritious microsustancias for the growth of the plants, the contribution of water and an aqueous phase in the presence of inverted W / O emulsifiers. In this way, the formation of mixtures in the form of a paste should be ensured, in particular, in which the closed oil phase in the form of a film must be separated or the aqueous part must be wrapped. Equivalent oil phases are oils of vegetable and mineral origin. The subject of the German patent application did not previously publish P19701127.6 is a crosslinking aid with little foaming in the form of a highly concentrated, flowable aqueous concentrate, based on surfactants to enhance penetration and diffusion of water in the field of plant roots in the case of irrigation, containing as components ecologically acceptable surfactants compounds of alkyl (poly) glycosides of type O / W (compound APG), olefinically unsaturated alcohols as foam removers as lower alcohols soluble in water as viscosity regulators. The improvement, in relation to the introduction of these crosslinking auxiliaries observed in practice, of the growth of plants in dry areas in lawns, especially attacked with what is known as felt, can be related to a better diffusion of water as component of promotion of life in the area of grass roots. The new technical education for the promotion and care of the growth of plants presented below by controlling the natural growth processes in the substrate is based on the concept of first making the promotion, control and assurance of the growth of microorganisms through the contribution of a multiple component mixture described below. This primary promotion of the growth of microorganisms must be ensured especially in the zone of the rhizosphere and therefore in the area of vital importance for the growth of the plants. The teaching in accordance with the present invention will therefore be focused on two main conceptions: together with vehicles containing phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) and eventually other plant nutrients, nutrient macrosubstances and / or nutritive micro-substances, should now be provided compounds that contain selected hydrocarbon radicals as additional sources of carbon for the growth of the microorganism flora in the soil. At the same time, an optimal diffusion, including the contribution in the rhizosphere zone of the substrate, must be allowed by the preparation of these growth aids and their application form. OBJECT OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is therefore, in a first embodiment, a method to increase the growth of the microorganism flora of the soil and the promotion of the microbial digestion of an area loaded with organic substance (substrate), in order to reinforce the health of the plants and encourage a healthy growth of the plants in this substrate. The teaching in accordance with the present invention is characterized by the application of aqueous preparations containing a) ecologically acceptable O / W type crosslinking agents together with b) lipophilic saturated and / or olefinically unsaturated hydrocarbon radicals with a fat structure, and aerobic and also anaerobically degradable organic compounds as additional sources of carbon for the growth of the microorganism flora, together with the simultaneous delivery and / or at a different time of c) vehicles containing compounds soluble in P oil and / or N having at least partially lipophilic and therefore preferred radicals as well as optionally nutritive macrosubstances and / or additional nutrient microsustains for the growth of the plants. The invention relates in a further embodiment to an aqueous concentrate which can be diluted with auxiliary water for the promotion of the growth of the flora of soil microorganisms that promote the growth of plants, which contains the aforementioned components in (c) and (a) where the feature is that these multi-element mixtures additionally contain emulsifiable and / or dispersible fine carbon sources for the growth of the microorganism flora from the class of elements mentioned above in (b). The object of the present invention is finally the use of the working principle of a healthy increase in the growth of the microorganism flora of the soil of the development and correlated development of the fauna of the soil by means of the contribution of the aforementioned mixture of multiple components for the soil treatment with an acceleration effect of decomposition (mineralization), with an effect of soil improvement (improvement of soil ventilation, elimination of anaerobic soil zones) and especially for use as a revitalization agent with fertilizer effect for plants, especially long-term fertilizer effect. Details of the teaching in accordance with the present invention.Before presenting a more precise definition of the individual elements that make up the teaching in accordance with the present invention, we present below - without pretending to be complete - some ideas about the working principle of the new technical education and the multiple synergistic effects related to it to optimize the results. The disclosure of the document cited in the principle DE 44 37 313 improves the growth of plants in soil substrate by the addition of phospholipids to the substrate. This teaching is based on the determination that by adding these auxiliaries containing P and N as well as lipophilic radicals, microorganisms that live naturally there can also be stimulated in uncontaminated soils. This has as a consequence that plants that grow in soils treated in this way have a better development. The teaching in accordance with the present invention employs this principle of work but nevertheless goes further: in addition to these vehicles containing P, N and eventually other nutritional macrosubstances and / or nutrient micro-substances for the growth of plants, they are applied as stimulants additional for the growth of the flora of microorganisms sources chosen from C to the substrate. In these additional sources of carbon contemplated in accordance with the present invention for the growth of microorganisms, these are lipophilic hydrocarbon radicals saturated and / or olefinically unsaturated with fatty structure and organic compounds that can be degraded both aerobic and anaerobically. By the protection of these organically bound carbons with several components containing energetic C-H bonds, the growth of organotropic microorganisms is mainly promoted. It is known that most of the known bacteria belong to this class of organotrophic organisms. Its controlled growth leads to further complex secondary steps to revitalize the soil source. The synergistic growth of the effect is, however, only partially encompassed: an important additional component of the multi-element mixture provided in accordance with the present invention are ecologically acceptable O / W type crosslinking agents which are distinguished as part of the addition water for the soil substrate through an outstanding multifunctionality. The diffusion of the aqueous phase applied on the substrate, especially in the root zone of the plants is optimized. The water can thus come into immediate contact with the radical hairs, which is essential for the absorption of water and nutrients. Along with this is at the same time the also desired cleaning of the pore structure, for example by washing substrate zones with insufficient gas phase exchange with the formation of a population of unwanted anaerobic microorganisms. here. The use of this crosslinking aid causes a homogeneous diffusion of the auxiliary for promoting the growth of microorganisms and especially of the carbon sources contemplated in accordance with the present invention for the growth of organotropes. The synergistic extension of the valuable elements can already be observed in working steps before and at the time of the application of the growth aids according to the present invention: surfactant crosslinking aids and especially the preferred crosslinking aids according to the present invention APG-type invention are distinguished in their aqueous preparation through a particularly remarkable capacity of foaming. It is important to note that for the practical processing of the auxiliary in the field and in the forests, said foaming is considered especially negative. However, it has been observed here that by means of the joint use of the crosslinking agent defined according to the present invention with the component (a) and the hydrocarbon radicals with fatty structure that have carbon sources for the growth of the microorganism flora of (b) an effect of the control of foaming or inhibition of foaming can be obtained, so that for practical work with the mixtures of elements defined according to the present invention in aqueous preparations none of the problems mentioned in the art. Finally, it focuses on a particularly important aspect of teaching in accordance with the present invention: the evaluation of new technological developments and additional developments is considered under the concept of "suspension" or "sustainable development". This additional requirement is especially important in the field of agrobiological and agrochemical processes to which the teaching of the present invention is focused. The elements described individually following the teaching in accordance with the present invention allow an optimization without losing sight of the economic perspective. Practically, all components of the nutrient system for use in accordance with the present invention can be formed from chemicals based on natural products. The source for all these components is the healthy growth of the plants. It immediately follows that for the natural cycle of carbon, not only additional pollutants are excluded, but also interventions that can help mitigate existing damages are possible. Next, accurate data are presented on the components of elements defined in accordance with the present invention as (a), (b) and (c). "Ecologically acceptable O / W type crosslinking agents" of (a) The crosslinking agents in question or surfactants are classified as anionic surfactants and / or nonionic surfactants. An important precondition is its ecological acceptability and especially sufficient biodegradation in the substrate. Totally and rapidly biodegradable surfactant compounds of the class of nonionic surfactants are a preferred class of the auxiliaries in question herein. Suitable anionic surfactants are for example soaps, but also biodegradable alkyl sulfate, especially fatty alcohol sulfates. Surfactants difficult or not completely biodegradable based on petrochemical substances, for example alkylbenzene sulphonate or alkyl ether sulfate are not very suitable. Suitable representatives can be the partial esters of phosphoric acid with fatty alcohols and consequently especially the corresponding partial esters with straight-chain fatty alcohols, being preferred of natural origin and with even carbon number. Suitable, for example, corresponding esters of short-chain fatty alcohols, for example with 6 to 10 carbon atoms in the fatty alcohol molecule. But alkyl phosphates with longer fatty alcohol radicals, for example with 12 to 25 carbon atoms, are also suitable. Correspondingly, equivalent fatty alcohol ether phosphates are also possible, although less preferred. Especially preferred biodegradable surfactants according to the present invention of class (a) are corresponding compounds of at least especially nonionic nature, which are preferably also at least essentially of natural origin and those having a value of HLB within a range of 10 to 18. In accordance with the present invention it is preferred to employ especially, as component (a) alkyl compounds (oligo) glycosides, at least partially and especially especially, whose alkyl radical is at least mainly derived from straight-chain fatty alcohols. Compounds of this type - also known as components or compounds .APG in technical terms - are surfactant auxiliaries that have a wide range of use. For their use today in practice a large number of factors are considered: crosslinkers based on APG can be based entirely on natural elements. They are precipitated as reaction products by the reaction of fatty alcohols with glucose, oligoglucoses or else - in the case of simultaneous decomposition of the chain length - with polyglycosides such as starches as reaction product of the formula R-0- (G ) x, wherein R is a primary aliphatic hydrocarbon radical, and preferably straight chain with at least 6 carbon atoms, preferably with 8 to 24 carbon atoms, and especially with 8 to 18 carbon atoms, and G represents a glycosy unit with 5 or 6 carbon atoms, preferably glucose. The degree of oligomerization x - and therefore the DP value - of the part of monoglycosides and oligoglycosides, is found in the class of surfactants in question usually within a range of 1 to 10 and is, for example, within a range of approximately 1.2 to 5, preferably within a range of approximately 1.2 to 4, and especially within a range of 1.2 to 2. In the technical knowledge and extensive literature for the preparation and procurement of .APG compounds of the type in question Here we can refer, for example, to the publication of Hill et al., "Alkyl Polyglykosides" (Alkylpolyglycosides), VCH-Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Weinheim, 1997. Although the class of compounds of .APG of type O / W is the Preferred representative of the crosslinkers to be used according to the present invention of class (a), other biodegradable and acceptable components with similar properties can also be used or co-employed. in the sense of the teachings of the present invention. Examples are partial sugar esters of monocarboxylic acids, especially with 8 to 24 carbon atoms, sorbitan esters of the sorbitan monostearate or sorbitan monooleate type, and also surfactants of biological origin. As an example we can mention here sophorosa-lipido, trehalose-lipido or lipopeptides, as they are known as products of metabolism or part of the membrane of numerous strains of micronisms. Sources of C for the growth of the flora of micronisms according to (b) As mentioned above, within the framework of the teaching of the present invention, the participation of the component (s) according to type and quantity indicated in the state of the technique - as presented for example in DE 44 37 313 - is of great importance. Regarding this aspect, the promotion of the growth of notrophic micronisms using this component (b) as a carbon source is essential for the growth of micronisms. An important feature of this additional component (b) is the determination parameter that can be degraded by a natural degradation process both aerobic and anaerobically. The essential carbon sources according to the present invention for notropic growth are the mainly lipophilic hydrocarbon radicals which are found in this component with a fat structure and therefore with a relatively high concentration of C-H groups that provide energy. As already indicated, these hydrocarbon radicals with fatty structure may be saturated and / or at least partially olefinically unsaturated. Additional reflections on the physical-chemical condition of this component will be presented later. Preferred components for (b) are biologically acceptable, oil-soluble nic compounds with fat residues of the mentioned type, which have at least 6 carbon atoms and especially at least 8 carbon atoms. The use of corresponding components based on straight chain hydrocarbon radicals or KW compounds is preferred. Corresponding components that are based at least mainly on natural elements are relevant. Particularly important representatives of the class of elements mentioned herein for (b) are corresponding hydrocarbon compounds which are at least partially functionalized with oxygen as heteroatoms. Typical examples of components of this type are fatty alcohols and / or fatty acids or their derivatives and / or salts. Derivatives of suitable fatty alcohols or of suitable fatty acids are esters, ethers and / or amides. Within the framework of the present invention, fatty alcohols and fatty acid esters with monofunctional and / or polyfunctional alcohols are especially important. The concept of fatty acid ester covers both complete esters and partial esters within the framework of polyfunctional alcohols. The special components that are the preferred representatives in specific individual cases are eventually determined through side effects and consequently through the presence of eventually desired synergy within the overall system. Only by way of example we mention the comment found in the old patent application P 19701127.6, however not published: the aqueous preparations based on surfactants and especially the corresponding aqueous APG-based crosslinking auxiliaries are characterized, in general terms, by the high foam capacity of these auxiliaries based on APG. For the scope of the present invention this may represent an obvious drawback. Auxiliaries known as antifoams can be used in combination. Fatty alcohols, partial esters, especially of lower polyfunctional alcohols - for example glycerin - and fatty acids and especially their mixtures fulfill this purpose. At the same time carbon sources are desired in accordance with the present invention for the growth of the microorganisms in the soil and therefore are optimal representatives of the component (b) within the scope of the definition of the present invention. The mixing of aqueous .APG concentrates with alcohol-based antifoaming agents or based on partial fatty acid esters and polyhydric alcohols, especially glycerin, can however cause the formation of thick non-fluid gels. By adding limited amounts of monofunctional and / or lower polyfunctional alcohols, for example, by adding limited amounts of ethanol to the thick gel-forming concentrate, it is nevertheless possible to again ensure within the range of room temperature the fluidity and capacity of emptying. The products or the mixture of products to be used in a particular individual case as mixing components (b) are determined in preferred embodiments not only taking into account the optimization of these components as carbon sources for the growth of the microorganisms. Side effects are also contemplated as for example the limited foam production of the multi-component aqueous mixture, the homogenization of the lipophilic components together with the crosslinking agents of the O / W type in mixtures of multiple components in aqueous phase and the ease of application within the framework of dilution with additional water and finally the application by spraying or emptying. The above-mentioned application P 19701127.6 above especially studies these aspects. For purposes of giving a complete explanation of the invention, the subject of this prior application is also expressly incorporated as the subject of the present disclosure. Especially in the case of the undisturbed delivery of the water-based mixture in the soil substrate and the transport of the carbon sources for the mixing components (b) within the scope of the definition of the present invention it may be important that the components of (b) are chosen to have a storage point at least partially equal to / less than 25 to 30 ° C, and especially equal to / less than 10 to 15 ° C. Suitable components are, for example, C 12-24 olefinically unsaturated fatty alcohols of natural origin, especially at least mainly Ci 6 -β fatty alcohols with a high degree of olefinic double bonds and a solidification range equal to / less than 20 ° C, preferably equal to / less than 10 to 15 ° C. Preferred multiple component mixtures for this part (b) within the context of the definition of the present invention are • mixtures of fatty alcohols with partial esters of saturated fatty acids and especially at least partially olefinically unsaturated with polyfunctional alcohols having 2 to 6 carbon atoms and especially with 3 to 5 carbon atoms. In this way, especially the partial glycerin esters of fatty acids of natural origin can be important mixing components for the mixture with • 10 corresponding fatty alcohols, where approximately the same amounts of fatty alcohol and partial ester of fatty acid or mixture of corresponding elements are used with a multiplicity of partial esters, in relation to fatty alcohol, preferably a mixture of elements. Suitable mixtures of fatty alcohols and partial glycerides of fatty alcohols are, for example, within a range of about 1: 1 to 1:10, preferably 1: 1 to 1: 5, and especially about 1: 1 to 1. : 3 in weight. As indicated above, you can also Use partial fatty acid esters alone as component (s) (b). Corresponding representatives with storage points within the aforementioned ranges are also preferred. An additional element will be presented in detail later It is important to determine within the framework of the present invention for the new technical management - that is, the minimum quantities to be used of C sources for the growth of microorganisms within the framework of the multiple component mixtures to be applied according to the present invention. Here we mention only the following: the teaching in accordance with the present invention is considered as an essential element the determination of the quantities of component (b) of the amounts of P and optionally of nutritional macrosubstances and / or additional nutritive micro-substances supplied through the component of mixture (c). The carbon for the source that provides growth of microorganisms of (b) is used in minimum quantities such that - in relation to the phosphorus P contributed through the mixing component (c) - the weight ratio between C and P is at least within of a range of about 5 to 10: 1 and preferably within a range of about 20 to 25: 1. According to the characteristics of the soil and especially according to the type and amount of organically bound carbon found in the soil, modalities can be preferred in which much higher C: P ratios are assured. In this case the limit value can be found in 40: 1 and preferably within a range of at least 50: 1. A much greater excess of carbon source is also possible, in general terms, in such a way that here the weight ratio C: P can reach up to 500: 1 or even more within the framework of the teachings of the present invention. The optimal diffusion of these easily accessible carbon sources for the growth of microorganisms in the soil and their transport to the zone of the rhizosphere stimulates and supports the growth of organotrophic microorganisms within the framework of the objects of the present invention. The substances used according to the present invention for (b) with their fatty lipophilic radicals and their degradation both aerobic and anaerobic are completely biodegradable in C02, H20 and biomass. As a result, it is ensured that, with its use, no decomposition product is added to the soil that presents environmental or inert toxicology problems. The components of (b) that contain lipophilic radicals move slowly in the soil, tend to remain on the lipophilic or oleophilic surface and therefore also on the surface where the roots are. Practically they are not washed in the ground water and they are not toxic, in such a way that their use does not present problems also in function of this parameter. The aforementioned interaction between the lipophilic radicals of the blend components used in accordance with the present invention for (b) and additional portions of the substrate or of the multicomponent mixture employed in accordance with the present invention can be of particular importance in choosing components suitable and optimal for the class of elements (c) discussed below. Mixing components of (c), ie, P, N and optionally nutritional macrosubstances and / or additional nutritive micro-substances for the vehicle for promoting plant growth The teaching of the present invention also finally considers the contribution to the substrate to be treated of valuable elements or mixtures of valuable elements chosen within the field of fertilizers, which contain both phosphorus and nitrogen. Within this framework - that is, as part of component (c) - it is desirable that nutritive macrosubstances and / or additional nutrient microsustains be employed for the vehicle for promoting plant growth. First we will mention the following: the contribution of this (these) component (s) (c) can be carried out simultaneously and combined with the contribution of valuable substances of (b) and the ecologically acceptable crosslinker employed. You can also provide these valuable components (c) at a different time point or also through a combination of a contribution within a different time frame with the simultaneous contribution of components (a), (b) and (c) . In a particularly important embodiment of the invention, the introduction as a component of at least partially lipophilic radicals (c) of oil soluble compounds of P and / or N is contemplated. Especially preferred representatives of these auxiliaries are the phospholipids described in the aforementioned publication. in a DE 44 37 313 principle and / or its derivatives as important representatives of these components of (c). The object of the publication of this document DE 44 37 313 is expressly incorporated in such a way that only essential points are highlighted below. It is already indicated in that document that the effect of the aggregated phospholipids on the microbial flora of the soil is expressed in the extent that organic compounds already present in the soil and plant residues are degraded more rapidly, so that growth of the plants is obtained. soil bacteria. Within the framework of the teachings of the present invention, the lipophilic components and fluids of (b) are contemplated as carbon sources for the growth of microorganisms. Parts of lipophilic molecules of the component according to (c) are associated with lipophilic hydrocarbon-type residues from the carbon sources of (b) within the framework of the teachings of the present invention. Unpredictably, a mobilization and reinforcement of the strains of microorganisms of the living population varied in the soil is carried out which - in exchange with the roots of the plants - causes a continuous reinforcement and an increase of the growth of the plants. It is evident that through this the acceleration of growth at least in its initial phase is independent of the organic compounds found in the soil such as for example plant residues or roots and the like. At the same time there is also an acceleration of the process of composting (mineralization) that takes place in the soil and dead plant materials are integrated more quickly into the biological cycle. The plant nutrients found in the substrate are again available for plants. The ventilation of the soil or the substrate, where the plants grow, is improved, the water management is regularly structured. Preferred components of (c) are lecithin, licitine hydrolyzate and / or chemically modified lecithin, which are preferably used mixed with other N-containing carriers. Urea and urea derivatives are especially suitable. Urea has proven to be especially suitable for controlling and improving the growth of microorganisms through these components (c) as a source of N, and at the same time has a conservation effect against unwanted microbial attacks in nutrient concentrate. , in such a way that corresponding concentrates have a high storage stability. For the formation of urea derivatives that can be used as a source of N for the growth of plants, we refer to general technical knowledge. Only by way of example we mention here document DE 196 13 794. As mentioned above, the representatives mentioned individually as source components of P and / or N within the framework of the class of elements of (c) are especially preferred representatives. The teaching in accordance with the present invention is therefore not limited. In principle, it is also possible to use water-soluble and / or oil-soluble compounds known to be P and / or N, as is known in conventional fertilizer technology. As already indicated, the valuable substances or mixtures of valuable substances which can be used according to the present invention in (c) can be used together with the components of (a) and (b), but can also be used separately and in particular separately in time. If this separate application of valuable substances or mixtures of valuable substances of (c) is used, then the use of corresponding aqueous preparations is recommended, as described in details in the aforementioned document DE 44 37 313, for this case, in In general terms, the concomitant use of surfactant auxiliaries in aqueous preparations is also contemplated, especially components of class (a) defined according to the present invention, which however are used in relatively small amounts. This separate application on the substrate of aqueous mixtures of component (c), can be considered especially the concomitant use of limited amounts of APG compounds of type O / W. For details on this aspect, reference is made to the technical data already mentioned. For the suitable use concentrations of these auxiliaries supplying P and N an important difference is provided in comparison with the specific technical data of the state of the art: the teachings of DE 44 37 313 propose the application of corresponding auxiliaries based on phospholipids in amounts of approximately 0.5 to 30 g per m2 of substrate surface, and its introduction into the substrate. Preferred amounts for the application of phospholipids are the limit values of 1 to 20 g / m2 of substrate surface. The technical teachings modified in accordance with the present invention contemplate the possibility of a significant decrease in the contribution of these active substance components of subclass (c). In general terms, quantities that are clearly below the specific numerical values of the state of the art are suitable. Preferred application concentrations for these active substances of subclass (c) are at least a power of 10 minors than in the state of the art mentioned in the literature. In the broadest scope this preferred embodiment of the present invention contemplates the use of phospholipids as sources of P and N in amounts of 0.01 to 10 g / m2 of substrate surface and preferably in amounts of 0.1 to 5 g / m2 of surface of substrate, whereby the preferred upper limits in terms of the amount of the applied components (c) are found in 3 g / m2 or from 1 g / m2 of substrate surface. The quantitative relationships of the components (b) to be applied preferably within the framework of the present invention are determined by the amount used in each individual case of component (s) (c) in a determining manner: the components (b) that cover the carbon requirement of the microorganisms are used in such quantitative relationships with respect to the components (c) that - as already mentioned - we assure weight ratios between C and P at least within a range of approximately 10 to 50: 1 and preferably at least within a range of 80 to 150: 1. For this purpose it can be advantageous to employ significantly larger amounts of components (b), so that the weight ratio C: P is for example within a range of 500: * 1 or even more. In this calculation, surfactant components (a) optionally hydrocarbon radicals present with a 2F fatty nature may be included, provided that these surfactant components (a) present a relatively rapid degradation. As an additional preferred work rule, the phosphorus, nitrogen and degradable hydrocarbon radicals to be used in the multi-element mixtures according to the present invention should ensure minimum weight ratios of P: N: C within a range of about 1:10. : 10 to approximately 1: 10: 100. Separately in time and / or simultaneously with the active substance mixtures applied in accordance with the present invention of the components (a) to (c), nutritional macrosubstances and / or additional nutritive micro-substances can be applied additionally for the cultivation of plants in the areas of substrate to be treated. Also with reference to this aspect, reference can be made to the broad general knowledge for the fertilization of plants, see, for example, WO 93/01150 mentioned in the introduction and the corresponding broad technical literature. As an example we mention the agricultural economy text of K.-U. Heyland "Allgemeiner Pflanzenbau", (General plant cultivation), Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 7th. edition, page 255. The nutritional macrosubstances are known in addition to the elements already mentioned especially potassium, magnesium, lime and sulfur. Among the nutritive microsubstances or minor elements are boron, copper, iron, manganese and numerous other components known in the technical field. An important embodiment of the teachings of the present invention relates to the concomitant use of microorganism starter cultures that promote healthy growth of the chosen plants, which can be chosen especially within the range of corresponding bacterial and / or microrris strains. Through the use of such selected initial crops and with means of reinforcement of • In accordance with the present invention for a rapid development of said chosen strains of microorganism we can obtain a population of microorganisms selected optimum in the substrate and therefore we can optimize the desired secondary promotion of the growth of the plants.

The use of the mixtures of active substances defined according to the present invention and the active principle • Application of the targeted promotion of the growth of the microorganism flora desired in the soil is carried out in practice in a very wide application. Before in relation to In this technical aspect we must mention the following important point of view: the mixtures of active substances within the framework of the present invention can be structured without co-use of fertilizers or components of fertilizers of animal origin. The mixtures of substances The active agents according to the present invention can be of totally vegetable origin and can possibly be of vegetable-mineral origin. Any potential concern in • As regards hygiene, it can therefore be excluded in advance. 5 For the field of employment, a broad field is contemplated where the principle of promoting the process of healthy microbiological growth in the substrate or soil structure in the sense of a soil treatment is in the foreground. Without pretending to be complete, we mention here • 10 some of the areas of employment: Soil treatment with acceleration effect of decomposition (mineralization), soil treatment with a soil improvement effect (improvement of soil ventilation, elimination of anaerobic soil zones), soil treatment with effect of reinforcement of plant growth, where a prolonged release fertilization effect triggered by natural microorganism growth processes is mainly proposed here. An additional perspective is becoming important Special: the reinforcement and the restoration of the growth of the desired microorganisms in the substrate causes the reinforcement of the defenses of the plants that grow in this substrate against diseases and attacks of pests. In its defense against pest attacks the area is reinforced of the roots as well as the aerial zone above the soil surface. The global reinforcement of the resistance of the plants both in the soil and in the aerial part represents a lasting effect. The growth promoted and controlled in accordance with the present invention of the microorganisms cause not only in the life phase of the microorganisms a desired stimulus of the microflora and fauna of the global soil, but also the biomass that remains in the soil of the dead parts of microorganisms is available as a valuable fertilizer mixture for additional growth processes in the field of microorganisms and plants. In this way, new possibilities of sanitation and conservation of the health of soil substrates used for agricultural and / or forestry purposes are opened through the teachings of the present invention. EXAMPLE The investigations presented below to improve the growth of the plants by the application of active substances according to the present invention or mixtures of active substances of (a), (b) and (c) were carried out in an installation golf to date cared for in a conventional manner. The application of the mixture of active substances is carried out on the lawn surrounding the golf hole. Lawn areas were chosen that, despite regular conventional care, had damaged parts. They are mentioned for example in regard to this 35 Dry areas appearance (Dry-Patches), green areas with remarkable formation of what is known as grass felt as well as • damaged areas affected in a known way by strong attacks of harmful fungi (Pythium, Ophiobulus etc.). It is known that conventional irrigation including the application of fungicides can not be eliminated or only plagues or damaged areas can be eliminated in a limited manner. The harmful organisms in the soil and in the grass support layers cause here primarily a hydrophobic • 10 partial soil, and solutions of aqueous nutrients can not penetrate the lawn. Felt forms very quickly in the grass surrounding the holes and on other surfaces with grass because the mass of the turf roots quickly transforms and also remains cutting. The biological activities of soil bacteria are limited. In this way the felt is an important source of fungal infections. It is often also observed that the grass support layer becomes relatively poor in nutrients and for Consequently, the biological activity of the bacterial strains is limited. Within the framework of the teachings of the present invention, aqueous preparations of concentrates of following active substances are applied to the surfaces of grass in Investigation: (1) Concentrate of active substances corresponding to components (a) and (b) according to the present invention: 45% by weight of APG as an O / W type crosslinking agent with an active substance content of APG of 60% by weight, the rest of water (commercial product APG 220 UP of the applicant with mainly fatty alcohol radicals Cß / io in the structure of AGP) 5% by weight of fatty alcohol Cißis (commercial product HD Ocenol 80/85 of the applicant, iodine number 80 to 85) 15% by weight of glycerin monooleate (commercial product Edenor GMO of the applicant) 15% by weight of ethanol the rest of water. (2) Concentrate of active substance of component (c) according to that defined in the present invention: 19.9% by weight of urea (N source) 19.8% by weight of enzymatically hydrolyzed soy lecithin (commercial product Lipotin NE) as a source of N and P 1.0% by weight O / W crosslinking agent known as "APG 600"as trade name based on .APG with fatty alcohol radicals mainly C? 2? As emulsion stabilizers the rest water.In a first working step the mixture of active substances of (1) - components (a) and ( b) - is applied in aqueous dilution through a Hydro-Ject on green surfaces to • try. In this way an aqueous diluted active substance mixture is applied to the soil in the form of fine water jets. The jets of water are interrupted in the soil, the aqueous solution is divided, and at the same time a ventilation of the soil is caused. The active substance mixture of (1) is thus applied in an amount of 2 cm 3 of concentrate of the abovementioned composition / m2 of surface area • 10 soil. Within a few days there is already a remarkable recovery of the green areas treated. However, no effect is observed on the damaged parts affected by fungal diseases. Nor the use of fungicides shows here an important effect. During the course of 14 days, an aqueous solution of the mixture of substances a (2) is applied in an amount of 20 g / m 2 - the quantity data refers here to the concentrate of active substance. As in the previous case of the mixture of active substances of (1) the surface of lawn in the form of a strip was treated with the mixture of active substances (2), in such a way that subsequent areas of soil in the form of a strip are formed which are treated once with both concentrates of active substances and once only with the concentrate of active substances (1). This ensures that the application also covers dry areas, including areas attacked by harmful fungi. After 10 days a noticeable improvement of the turf growth can be observed in the soil zones that were treated both with the combination of active substances (1) and with the combination of active substances (2). The color of these green areas is not only noticeably greener than in the case of the other green areas, the vegetal layer is notably more dense, the cut is increased. To verify this situation, the green areas in question are manually cut and no additional nutrients are applied in the green areas in question. The synergistic increase in action in the aforementioned turf rings that were attacked by the aforementioned grass diseases is especially evident. Also these areas became green in the double bands with global combination of active substances (a), (b) and (c), even though there was no step there before. Beyond these visual effects we can mention the following: the green parts treated in accordance with the present invention present no dew in the climatic conditions of the study period in the morning, even when enough dew dropped as can be seen in the green areas treated. This is an obvious sign of the strongly activated growth of the microorganism flora. The growth of this flora of microorganisms, in addition to the formation of C02 and H20 releases energy. The energy released in working conditions could explain this absence of dew. Example 2 On a trial agricultural land, studies were carried out on corn cultivation, so a large amount of different active substances or mixture of active substances was applied according to table 1, in relation to the components before defined in (a), (b) and (c), and comparisons were made with untreated pieces. We can make the following comments: The size of the plots was each time 6 x 12 m per plot, each variant was repeated 4 times in a randomized plot order. In addition to the control plots without application of the active substances or mixture of active substances described in the present invention, the following components or mixtures of components were applied taking into account the data of the previous example 1: (1) Concentrate of active substance of the components according to the present invention defined as (a) and (b): Compositions according to the corresponding data of example 1. (2) Concentrate of active substances of components • defined in (c) according to the present invention: The mixture of active compounds mentioned in Example 1 was slightly changed with co-application of potassium pyrophosphate. Below we present the following data: 20% by weight of urea (source of N) 20% by weight of commercial product "Lipotin NE" • 10 7% by weight of K4P207 2% by weight of crosslinking agent O / W based on APG (commercial product "APG 600") the rest of water. These concentrates of active substances of (1) and (2) can be applied either alone or mixed together, whereby each of these test applications is carried out in different concentrations of applied active substances or mixtures thereof. of active substances. The test applications are summarized in the following table 1. The application of 20 seeds on all the test plots was carried out on the same day. The application of valuable items or mixtures of valuable items was carried out the next day. Table 1 25 Product variant quantity of product No, and of water 1 control without addition 2 concentrate of substances 2 g / m2 in 0.1 1 / m2 active of (1) 3 concentrate of substances 4 g / m2 in 0.1 1 / m2 active of (1) 4 concentrate of substances 2 g / m2 in 0.1 1 / m2 active of (2) 5 concentrate of substances 20 g / m2 in 0.1 1 / m2 active of (2) 6 concentrate of substances 2 g / m2 +2 g / m2 in active 0.1 (1) + 1 / m2 concentrated active substances of (2) 7 concentrated substances 2 g / m2 + 20 g / m2 in active 0.1 (1) + 1 / m2 concentrate of active substances of (2) In the comparison plots, soil infiltration velocity measurements were carried out several times during the vegetation period to determine the amount of water per unit of time as a measure of water and air management. ground. The determination of this value is carried out in each case with a "double ring infiltrometer" (manufacturer Eijkel-kamp, Agrisearch Equipment, Giesbeek, Niederlande). A first value estimate was carried out 12 days • after the application of the product. The following table 2 compiles the average values of the determined measurements. Table 2 1. variations liter infiltration rate by 2 in planted areas 1 = control 1.17 2 2.53 • 10 3 1.41 4 1.53 5 1.14 6 1.81 7 1.73 15 A second determination of the infiltration rate was carried out 3 months after the Application of the product in the field. The results obtained appear in the following table 3. Table 3 20 2. variants infiltration rate liter per m2 in plant zones 1 = control 0.27 2 0.76 3 1.22 25 4 1.73 5 0.21 6 1.79 7 2.64 The comparison of the values coming from the Tables 2 and 3 show that through the application of components of surfactant active substances of (1), in the short term the effect of surfactants can cause a doubling of the infiltration rate - Table 2, variant 2 - however this It is not durable. The remarkable lasting improvement of the infiltration rate is obtained by mixing active substances defined according to the present invention of the individual components of (a), (b) and (c), see data of table 3 corresponding to variants 6 and 7. The effects of the working principle in accordance with the present invention in the sense of a healthy increase in the growth of the microorganism flora of the soil and a corresponding stimulation and development of the soil fauna. In addition, additional measurements of aggregate stability in soil samples - several times during the vegetation period - as a measure for the tendency to surface mud formation in a soil clearly show an increased percolation value for soil samples treated in accordance with the present invention in a thickness of 0 to 2 cm as well as in a thickness of 2 to 6 cm in comparison - with corresponding soil tests of control variant or of variants 2 to 5, as can be observed • in table 1 above. • 10 15 20 25

Claims (1)

1. CLAIMS l.A procedure to increase the growth of the microorganism flora of the soil and to promote the microbial digestion of a soil (substrate) loaded with organic substance as well as the corresponding continuous strengthening of the health of the plants and the promotion of a growth healthy of the plants in said substrate, characterized by the application of aqueous preparations, containing (a) ecologically acceptable crosslinking agents of type O / W together with (b) degradable organic compounds both aerobic and anaerobically having saturated lipophilic hydrocarbon radicals and / u olefinically unsaturated with grease structure as additional sources of carbon for the growth of microorganism flora, together with the simultaneous application and / or at another time of (c) compounds having at least partially lipophilic radicals of P and / or N and optionally further carriers containing nutritive macrosubstances and / or nutrient micro-substances for plant growth. . A process according to claim 1, characterized in that, as component (a), biodegradable surfactants of at least mainly non-ionic character, preferably of natural origin and preferably having HLB values within a range of 10 to 18, are used. 3. A process according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that at least partially, preferably at least mainly alkyl (oligo) glucoside compounds are used as component (a). (APG compound), whose alkyl radical is derived at least mainly from straight chain fatty alcohols. 4. A process according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that APG compounds are used from glucose and especially from fatty alcohols based on natural substances with at least 6 carbon atoms, preferably with 8 to 24 carbon atoms, and with DP values within a range of 1.2 to 5. 5. A process according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that as component (b) organic oil-soluble and biologically acceptable compounds are used with aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals and / or olefinically unsaturated, preferably at least mainly straight chain with at least 6 carbon atoms and especially with at least 8 carbon atoms. 6. A process according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the components (b) to be used are functionalized as heteroatoms at least partially with oxygen, so the use of fatty alcohols and / or fatty acids or their derivatives, as per For example, its esters or partial esters, ethers and / or amides are preferred. A method according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the components (b) are based at least mainly on natural elements. A method according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the components (b) have storage points at least partially equal to / less than 25 to 30 ° C and especially equal to / less than 10 to 15 ° C. A process according to claims 1 to 8, characterized in that co or components (b) are employed olefinically unsaturated C 2-2 fatty alcohols of natural origin, especially at least mainly Cißis fatty alcohols with high degree of olefinic double bonds and with a solidification range equal to / less than 20 ° C, preferably equal to / less than 10 to 15 ° C, and / or partial fatty acid esters such as for example glycerin monooleate, where mixtures of these components may be preferred (b) . A process according to claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the fatty alcohols and partial esters are used in mixing ratios of 1: 1 to 1:10, preferably 1: 1 to 1: 5, and especially 1: 1 • 1: 3 parts by weight. 11. A method according to claims 5 to 10, characterized in that as compounds of component (c) having at least partially lipophilic radicals, oil-soluble compounds of P and / or N are used. 12. A process according to claim 10, characterized in that as component compounds ( c) having at least partially lipophilic radicals, oil-soluble compounds of P and / or N are used. 13. A process according to claim 15, characterized in that, as component (c), lecithin, lecithin hydrolyzate and / or chemically modified lecithin - preferably in admixture with other nutritional macrosubstances containing N - where especially urea and / or urea derivatives can be used as additional components containing N. 14. A process according to claims 1 to 13 , characterized in that also the components (c) can be used in the form of aqueous preparations and are preferred here with concomitant use of crosslinker 25 ecologically acceptable in the soil substrate. 15. A process according to claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the components (b) and - in the case of biodegradation of the components (a) - the mixtures of components (b) and (a) are used in such relations with the components (c) that the weight ratios C: P are at least within a range of 10 to 50: 1, preferably at least within a range of 80 to 150: 1, so that values of up to 500: 1 and more. 16. A method according to claims 1 to 15, characterized in that in practical use the quantity determination of the weight proportions of the components (a) / (b) and (c) applied to the substrate of P: N: C is find within a range of at least about 1:10:10 up to 1: 10: 100. 17. A process according to claims 1 to 16, characterized in that when using phospholipids as sources of P of the component (c) they are applied in an amount of 0.01 to 10 g / m2 of substrate surface, preferably in amounts of 0.1. at 5 g / m2 of substrate surface, and components (a) / (b) are applied in an amount suitable for the desired molar ratio C: P. 8. Aqueous concentrates dilutable with vehicle water for increasing the growth of the soil microorganisms flora that promote the growth of plants, which contain compounds at least partially soluble in water of P and / or N and, if desired, other macrosubstances nutritious and / or nutritious micro-substances for vehicles with plant growth, together with biologically acceptable and especially biodegradable O / W-type crosslinking agents, characterized in that they also contain - fine emulsifiable and / or dispersible C sources for the growth of the microorganism flora from organic compounds having lipophilic hydrocarbon radicals saturated and / or olefinically unsaturated degradable both aerobic and anaerobically with fat structure. . Mixtures of multiple elements according to claim 18, characterized in that it contains as sources of C organic compounds that have at least a majority of a fat structure and are functionalized with oxygen, which preferably belong to one of the following classes: fatty alcohols and / or acids fatty acids or their salts and derivatives thereof, for example esters, for example partial esters with monovalent and / or polyvalent alcohols, ethers and / or amides. 20. A mixture of multiple elements according to claims 18 and 19, characterized in that it contains sources of C - correspondingly with the components containing P - in amounts such that biodegradable C: P ratios are ensured - quantities by weight and with relation to the sources of C in relation to the organic parts with fatty structure - of at least 10 to 50: 1, preferably of at least 80 to 100: 1. 21. A mixture of multiple elements according to claims 18 to 20, characterized in that it contains as crosslinking agents .APG compounds of type O / W from glucose and especially fatty alcohols based on natural elements with at least 6 carbon atoms , preferably from 8 to 24 carbon atoms, with DP values within a range of 1 to 5, especially within a range of 1.2 to 3, and HLB values within a range of 10 to 18. 22. A mixture of multiple elements according to claims 18 to 21, characterized in that it contains mixing components that have P and N, which at least partially occur in the form of lipophilic organic compounds, where the use of corresponding phospholipids may be preferred . 23. A mixture of multiple elements according to claims 18 to 22, characterized in that it contains as lecithin phospholipids, lecithin hydrolyzate and / or chemically modified lecithin. 24. A mixture of multiple elements according to claims 18 to 23, characterized in that it contains additional urea and / or urea derivatives as source of N. 25. The use of the working principle of a healthy elevation of the growth of the flora of soil microorganisms and the stimulation and corresponding development of the fauna of the • 10 soil by the application especially of aqueous preparations containing compounds at least partially soluble in P and / or N oil and if desired, vehicles containing nutritive macrosubstances and / or additional nutrient microsustains for growth 15 of the plants, at the same time and / or at different times with the additional application of carbon sources for the • growth of the microorganism flora based on biodegradable organic compounds, both aerobic and anaerobically, containing hydrocarbon radicals 20 saturated and / or olefinically unsaturated lipophilics with a fat structure, for a soil treatment with an acceleration effect of decomposition (mineralization), with an effect of soil improvement (improvement of soil ventilation, removal of soil 25 anaerobic soil), and especially as a revitalizing agent with a preferred prolonged release fertilization effect to strengthen the plants. . The use according to claim 25, characterized in that at least the carbon sources for the growth of the microflora are together with the microbiologically degradable O / W type crosslinking agents and are applied in the form of solution, emulsion and / or Aqueous suspensions diluted in the soil. . The use according to claims 25 and 26 for the supply and enrichment of degradable carbon sources, especially aerobically in the area of the rhizosphere and consequently in direct contact with the surface of the roots of the plants. The use according to claims 25 to 27, characterized in that initial cultures of microorganisms which form the growth of the plants are used concomitantly, especially within the range of bacteria and / or corresponding mycorrhizal strains. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to a first configuration of a method to increase the growth of soil microorganisms and to promote the microbial digestion of a soil (substrate) containing organic matter, which results in subsequent reinforcement and promotion of the healthy growth of the plants in said substrate. The method is characterized by the application of aqueous preparations containing a) healthy O / W type wetting agents with b) saturated and / or olefinically unsaturated lipophilic hydrocarbon radicals with organic compounds that can be decomposed aerobically or anaerobically with a fat structure as additional sources of carbon to promote the growth of microorganisms in combination with the application of c) support materials containing P and / or N compounds at least partially soluble in oil and, if desired, other macro nutrients and / or micro nutritive substances for the growth of plants, c) being applied at the same time as a) and b) after a set interval. The invention also relates to aqueous concentrates which can be dissolved in water of the abovementioned components a), b) and c) and to the use of these mixtures of valuable materials for conditioning the soil, especially for a soil treatment having the effects of accelerate putrefaction (mineralization), improve the soil (improved soil ventilation, elimination of anaerobic soil areas and the like) and especially for its use as a vitalizing agent to strengthen plants with a slow-release fertilizer effect of preference.