KR20010080331A - Use of useful substances to promote the growth and health of plants - Google Patents

Abstract

On the root and / or ground of plants, pathogens, in particular pathogens which cause diseases caused by fungi, bacteria and / or viruses, and in the prevention of parasitic pests, by activating the root and / or leaf rights of the plants, the plant growth and plants Use of a multi-component nutrient mixture of at least primarily organic origin containing the following for the cultivation and management of useful and ornamental plants, promoting both health:

(a) the following compounds:

(b) ecologically suitable surfactant compounds (APG compounds) of alkyl (poly) glycosides of type O / W and

(c) organic compounds with lipophilic, saturated and / or olefinically unsaturated hydrocarbon radicals of fatty structure, degradable in both aerobic and anaerobic

Chitin and / or chitosan of oligomeric and / or polymeric structure, applied simultaneously and / or at different time points in combination with.

Characterized by P and / or N compounds having lipophilic radicals, which are introduced into the soil area and / or applied to the ground part of the plant, if necessary, together with other macronutrients and / or micronutrients for plant growth. , Simultaneous use of component (d) is preferred.

Description

Use of substances useful for plant growth and health promotion {USE OF USEFUL SUBSTANCES TO PROMOTE THE GROWTH AND HEALTH OF PLANTS}

The technical teachings described below relate to the field of promoting healthy plant growth. The teachings according to the invention in particular are two factors, on the one hand on the roots and / or grounds of the plant, promoting plant growth and causing plant pathogens, in particular pathogens which cause diseases caused by fungi, bacteria and / or viruses, and parasitics. To maintain and encourage the natural interaction between enhancing plant resistance to pests. It is a further object of the present invention that components which are at least in substantial part based on natural substances and which do not further contaminate the working area can be used as nutrients or nutrient mixtures to achieve this object. This applies not only to groundwater problems that must always be considered in connection with agricultural methods, but also to both the soil and plant areas and the human and animal areas in contact with them.

Thus, the technical teaching described below satisfies that it is possible to optimize the eco-industrial outcomes pursued on the one hand without ignoring the ecological perspective, which is a recent important requirement in the field of agrobiological and agrochemical methods. Practically all components of the multicomponent system used in accordance with the present invention may take the form of chemicals based on natural materials. On the one hand, the source of the components is healthy plant growth; On the other hand, the main component formed by, for example, marine life death or some other kind of bio death is an essential component of the multicomponent mixture according to the invention. The teachings according to the invention utilize components which have and are isolated from the natural bound carbon cycle for the management of plant development and healthy plant growth, and meet the needs according to the invention. Exactly in the natural carbon cycle in this case, it is immediately apparent that additional pollution is not only eliminated, but also positive adjustments are made that can help mitigate and reduce the damage already present today.

The teachings of the present invention are based on the technical development of a number of applicants, some of which form the subject of appropriate literature and some of which form the subject of previous patent applications. Specific references to these principles will be presented below. However, we will cover the following first:

Subject of Invention

In a first embodiment, the present invention relates to the root zone of plants and / or in the prevention of parasitic pests and pathogens which cause diseases caused by pathogens, in particular fungi, bacteria and / or viruses, on the roots and / or ground parts of plants. Or by promoting the foliar rights to promote both plant growth and plant health, thereby providing the use of a multi-component nutrient mixture, at least primarily of organic origin, for cultivating and managing useful and ornamental plants. The nutrient mixtures used according to the invention contain the following essential ingredients:

(a) the following compounds:

(b) ecologically suitable surfactant compounds of the alkyl (poly) glycosides of the O / W type, preferably together with the following compounds, hereinafter also referred to as "APG compounds":

(c) organic compounds with lipophilic, saturated and / or olefinically unsaturated hydrocarbon radicals of fatty structure, degradable in both aerobic and anaerobic

Chitin and / or chitosan of oligomeric and / or polymeric structure, used in combination with.

By the practice of the present invention, the combination of the active substances (a), (b) and, if desired, (c) can be used as a mixture of all the nutrient components of each other, but more than one of these components may also be used at different times. . However, in the case mentioned at the end above, it should be ensured that sufficient compounding action of all nutrient sums can be obtained in soil and / or plants. This makes it possible to determine substantial spacing or auxiliary determination, especially if the individual components of the multicomponent mixture are introduced at different points in time.

The multi-component mixtures according to the invention are particularly intended to influence and enhance plant growth precisely by strengthening the microbial community in the root zone area, ie the root zone-and also the leaf zone, ie the above ground surface and especially the leaf zone. Based on purpose Thus, the teachings according to the present invention provide for the introduction of a multicomponent mixture both in the soil region and above the ground region of the plant. In principle, the multicomponent mixture can be used in any form of formulation optimized for specific practical requirements. Suitable examples are therefore multi-component mixtures which are flowable and in particular dilutable with water, and also examples are solid form formulations and optionally encapsulated forms, which can be powders, granules and the like.

Details of the teaching according to the invention

First, for a better understanding of the teachings according to the present invention, we will briefly summarize in the art the key features of the relevant prior art publications and the subject matter of the applicant's previous patent applications, already mentioned above.

DE 44 37 313 describes the use of phosphorus-containing and nitrogen-containing components selected from the phospholipid group for the improvement of plant growth. The substrate addition of the plants of the phospholipids to grow or grow will improve the growth of these plants. The growth is suggested to be related to the stimulation of microorganisms that live in the matrix. Possible phospholipids are primarily lecithin, lecithin hydrolysates and chemically modified lecithins.

WO 93/01150 describes easy-to-handle fertilizer mixtures for introducing N into plant growth. Together with the macronutrient and micronutrient based fertilizer mixtures for plant cultivation, the patent provides the use of water and oil phases in the presence of W / O invert emulsifiers. The closed oil phase in the form of a film in particular guarantees the structure of the pasty mixture which separates or encloses the aqueous component of the mixture. Oils of vegetable origin and mineral oils are described as comparable oil phases.

German patent application DE 197 01 127 provides a low foaming wetting agent in the form of a highly concentrated but still flowable and injectable surfactant based aqueous concentrate to enhance the penetration and diffusion of water in the region of the root system of plants upon irrigation. The concentrate is composed of an O / W type alkyl (poly) glycoside compound (hereinafter referred to as an "APG compound") as an ecologically suitable surfactant component, and an olefinically unsaturated alcohol as a foam inhibitor / antifoaming agent. It contains a water soluble lower alcohol as a regulator.

The technical teaching of the promotion and management of plant growth by regulating the natural growth process in the substrate of the applicant's previous patent application DE 197 48 884.6, primarily promotes the growth of microorganisms in the soil by introducing a multicomponent mixture as described below. It is based on the idea that you want to control and endorse. The disclosure in this previous patent application is also incorporated herein together with the subject matter of the disclosure in the present invention. The primary promotion of microbial growth is particularly ensured in the rhizosphere region and thus in the substrate region through which the roots of the plant pass, which are the critical regions of plant growth. The teaching of this previous patent application is driven by two ideas of primary importance: hydrocarbons, together with carriers containing phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N), and preferably other plant macronutrients and / or micronutrients. Selected compounds containing radicals are introduced into the soil as an additional C source for the growth of microbial communities. At the same time, the formulations of these growth promoters and their forms of use include their introduction into the root zone of the substrate, allowing their optimized diffusion in the root zone. Thus, the teaching of the previous patent application, which is also the ultimate basis for the teaching of the present development, is characterized by the introduction of an aqueous formulation containing

Ecologically suitable wetting agents of the O / W type, with the following compounds,

With fat lipophilic, saturated and / or olefinically unsaturated hydrocarbons, as an additional C source for the growth of microbial communities, introduced simultaneously and / or with time differences with the following compounds and degrading in both aerobic and anaerobic: Possible organic compounds,

Carriers containing at least a part of lipophilic radicals and preferably oil soluble P and / or N compounds and, if desired, other macronutrients and / or micronutrients for plant growth.

Although the above-mentioned strengthening of healthy natural microbial systems in the soil and, in particular, the heading bacterial strains in the rhizosphere in which the plants grow, a positive effect for healthy plant growth can now be obtained, the teachings of the present invention are now exactly technical in the field. Provides a more significant extension of the.

From the publications of the related prior art, the simultaneous use of chitin and chitin based derivatives in the agricultural field, in particular chitosan in this case, can, on the one hand, achieve significant improvements characterized by strengthening plant health and also especially increasing crop yields. This is known. From the extensive literature, for example, reference can be made to, for example, "CHITIN WORLD", Wirtschaftsverlag NW, Verlag Fur neue Wissenschaft Gmbh, Bremerhaven, Germany, 1994, by Zbigniew S. Karnicki et al. Here, for example, by Henryk Pospieszny et al. ["NEW APPLICATIONS OF CHITOSAN IN AGRICULTURE", loc. cit., pp. 246-254 and references cited therein. See also "Enhancing Food Production with Chitosan Seed-Coating Technology" by Donald Freepons and other parts of the same reference: Q. Li et al. ["Applications and Properties of Chitosan"], See Chapter 11 ["Applications of Chitin and Chitosan in the Ecological and Environmental Fields"] by Shigehiro Hirano and Chapter 11 ["New Applications of Chitin and Its Derivatives in Plant Protection"] by Henryk Struszczyk et al. It can be made into the literature. Finally, Lee A. Hadwiger et al. ["CHITOSAN, A NATURAL REGULATOR IN PLANT-FUNGAL PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS, INCREASES CROP YIELDS", Academic Press, Inc. 1984, p. 291 and below and "Biotechnology Annual Review Volume 2", Elsevier Science B.V. Title “Chitin biotechnology applications” within 1996, edited by SHIGEHIRO HIRANO, loc. cit., pp. 237-258.

The literature referred to herein discloses that chitin or derivatives thereof bound to natural substrates, in oligomeric and polymeric form, and in particular chitosan obtained by deacetylation are caused by pathogens, in particular fungi, bacteria and / or viruses, during plant cultivation. It shows significant activity in terms of excellent activity against the pathogen causing the disease. However, chitin or chitosan based therapies have also proven effective against parasitic pests on the roots and / or above ground of plants. The teachings according to the invention make use of the above knowledge of the prior art and the components-referred to in the definition according to the invention as active ingredient group (a)-are highlighted in the teachings of previous patent application DE 197 48 884.6 and According to the nutrients or nutrient mixtures described in subgroup (b)-APG compounds of type O / W-and (c)-compounds having hydrocarbon radicals of fatty structure and degradable in both aerobic and anaerobic. In the study of the importance of the individual components of nutrients or active substances formulated according to the invention, the combination of component (s) (a)-ie chitosan compounds of oligomer and / or polymer structure-with APG compounds of type O / W It has already been shown to cause a significant increase in effectiveness by the object according to the invention. The principle here is a very greatly enhanced diffusion of the nutrient group (a) in the soil structure and, in particular, its introduction into the adjacent boundary region of the root surface, or the nutrient mixture of components (a) and (b) When applied to the plant's ground, it will be a similarly enhanced diffusion of chitosan based nutrient components. This will also be accompanied by increased penetration into the plant epidermis of the nutrient component and especially the microstructure of the leaf surface. Naturally, the same principle applies to the corresponding diffusion or distribution of the nutrient component (c) used simultaneously according to the invention.

In one preferred embodiment, the present invention is added to components (a), (b) and preferably (c) to promote the growth of P and / or N compounds and preferably plants, at least in part having lipophilic radicals. For the introduction or application of a carrier containing other macronutrients and / or micronutrients to the root region of the plant and / or to the ground portion of the plant. More proof of the specific nature of the nutrients or nutrient group (d) mentioned herein will be presented below. But first of all, the following description will be repeated:

The core of the technical action improved by the teachings according to the invention is preferably used simultaneously with the nutrient subgroup (d)-P and / or N compounds with lipophilic radicals-according to the teachings according to the invention. In the combination of the nutrient groups (a), (b) and (c). Each of the nutrient subgroups of interest may be completely and / or fairly natural based, and here again emphasizes the complete natural degradation by metabolic processes. Chitin and chitosan compounds derived from them are known, for example, as natural substances formed from marine fauna, in particular crabs, shellfish and similar shellfish, and are obtained as surplus when said seafood is used commercially. By combining these with other groups of nutrients in the teachings of the present invention of vegetable origin, it is possible to optimize healthy plant growth without having to resort to synthetic auxiliary substances such as fungicides, bactericides, virucides, and the like. However, in a manner known to those skilled in the art, as part of fungal community cultivation, the biological synthesis of chitin-and hence the synthesis of chitosan according to the invention-can also be carried out on an industrial scale.

Initially, detailed information on the nutrient components (a), (b), (c) and (d) defined according to the invention will be given below.

(a) "chitin and / or chitosan of oligomer and / or polymer structure"

Chitin, which is a basic natural substance source, is known as a high molecular weight compound, which is usually characterized by a molecular weight of 1 million or more. Chitin-based wastes, particularly shells of shellfish or crabs, crustaceans and other marine fauna, can be obtained abundantly in modern food technology. Various available methods are known; Reference may be made to the relevant documents mentioned above. In particular, the use of such waste products in the field of agrochemicals is also known. In addition to the documents already mentioned, reference may be made here to US-PS 5,057,141 and to the references mentioned here, in particular [Plant and Soil, 100, 237 to 247 (1987)] by R. Rodriguez-Kabana et al. It is particularly noted here that chitin-containing substances mixed with other organic nitrogen compounds, such as ammonium phosphate and urea, exhibit stationary nematode and nematode activity against phytopathogenic nematode communities in the soil, while at the same time providing nutrition to plants without phytotoxicity. The teachings of US-PS 4,536,207 are also in line, which describes the nematicidal action of chitin / protein complex compounds obtained from demineralized water insoluble chitin materials and water insoluble protein components.

The teachings according to the invention include the use of the water insoluble chitin, as the active substance component (a) or as part or more of the active substance component.

In contrast, one important embodiment of the technical teachings according to the present invention is based on the purpose of enabling the use of a chitin or chitosan based component that is at least partly water soluble, thereby exactly causing a significant increase in the effectiveness of the nutrient mixture (a). Doing. It is known that chitosan and chitosan compounds are obtained by deacetylation of chitin. Although primary products are obtained, high molecular weight chitosans, especially those with molecular weights greater than 1 million, are insoluble in water and alkaline aqueous solutions or only slightly soluble, which significantly increases the solubility of these (s) chitosan component (s) in a simple manner. It is known. Thus, the chitosan base component is dissolved in aqueous solutions of organic and inorganic acids. It is also known that chitosan with a degree of deacetylation of 50% is water soluble. By breaking down the molecular weight into a range of chitosan oligomers, water solubility can be increased; Finally, simple chemical reactions, in particular carboxymethylation of O-CM-chitosan, N-CM-chitosan and / or N / O-CM-chitosan, can adjust the water solubility for a wide pH range in water. For details of the above basic knowledge about chitosan, see, for example, the publications mentioned in "Applicants of Chitin and Chitosan", M.F.A. Gossen (Ed.)], In Chapter 1, pages 3 to 29, in particular pages 8 and 9 of the title "Applications and Properties of Chitosan" by Q. Li et al.

As has already been clarified, the chitosan (a) used according to the invention may be oligomers and / or polymers of substantially any desired molecular weight. In a manner already presented, both low molecular weight oligomers and high molecular weight polymers can be converted into water-soluble forms that allow application of soil and / or plant to the ground and diffusion of chitosan in the soil, particularly in the root region of the plant. Chitosan compounds which are particularly suitable in this connection also have sufficient water solubility, especially in the neutral to weak basic pH range, and in known manner-for example, reduction and control of the degree of polymerization, degree of polymerization or oligomerization to inorganic and / or organic acids, And / or solubilizing groups, such as those modified by-by chitosan derivatization with carboxymethyl groups at the O- and / or N-positions.

Although the prior art publications also clearly state the use of such chitosan or chitosan compounds in the agricultural field, including the use of such aqueous chitosan formulations, on the one hand increase plant growth and on the other hand pathogens, in particular fungi, Pathogens responsible for diseases caused by bacteria and / or viruses, and also in the roots of plants-in this case, for example, nematodes-and or in connection with the object according to the invention to protect plants from infection by terrestrial parasitic pests. Formulations essential to the invention by the multicomponent mixtures of components (a), (b), (c) and also, preferably, (d) as defined in accordance with the invention are not disclosed in the above publications of the prior art. .

The introduction of the chitosan component (a) into the soil of the area to be treated and / or into the ground injury of the plant is carried out simultaneously with the introduction of the components (b), (c) and optionally (d) and / or at different times can do. However, in one important embodiment, it is specified that at least a part of the water soluble chitosan or chitosan compound should be introduced into the soil structure together with the other components of the nutrient mixture according to the present invention and / or applied to the plant's ground.

When chitin and / or chitosan in particular are used in a mixture with components (a), (b) and optionally (d), the amount used here is at least 0.05% by weight and in particular from 0.1 to 1 based on the anhydrous multicomponent mixture in each case. 1 wt%. It is important to note that even small amounts of chitin-based or chitosan-based components can significantly affect the course of biological processes in the soil and in plants; In particular, it promotes healthy microbial community and thus the growth of plants, and the growth of pests is suppressed.

(b) "Ecologically suitable surfactant compounds of the type O / W (APG compounds)

Subgroup (b) of the biodegradable surfactants used according to the invention is also known as compounds of nonionic properties, preferably based at least primarily on natural materials and having a preferred HLB value in the range from 10 to 18.

According to the invention, it is particularly preferred to use, as component (b), at least some, in particular at least mainly alkyl (oligo) glucoside compounds whose alkyl radicals are at least mainly derived from straight fatty alcohols. Compounds of this type, now also termed APG components or compounds, are surface active aids with a wide range of applications. Several factors are important for their modern practical use on an industrial scale: It is known that APG based wetting agents can be entirely natural based. These are reaction products obtained by reacting fatty alcohols with glucose, oligoglucose or polyglycosides such as starch when the chain lengths are decomposed simultaneously, the reaction product having the formula RO- (G) _X , wherein R is Primary, preferably straight-chain and aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals having 6 C atoms, preferably 8 to 24 C atoms and particularly preferably 8 to 18 C atoms, G is a glyco having 5 or 6 C atoms Unit of glucose, preferably glucose. In this group of surfactants, the degree of oligomerization x-and therefore the DP value-which represents the distribution of monoglycosides and oligoglycosides is usually 1 to 10, for example in the range of about 1.2 to 5, preferably about 1.2 To 4 and particularly preferably 1.2 to 2. For detailed expertise and literature regarding the preparation and properties of APG compounds of this type, reference may be made to the following; For example, a book by Hill et al. ["Alkyl Polyglykoside"("Alkylpolyglycosides"), VCH-Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Weinheim, 1997.)

APG compounds as surface active aids in aqueous formulations usually cause significant foaming when the aqueous formulation is discharged. The teaching of the above mentioned German patent application DE 197 01 127 exemplifies a form in which a low foaming humectant can be obtained, with the APG compound exactly. Partial esters of olefinically unsaturated alcohols and / or lower polyhydric alcohols with fatty acids can in particular be used as foam inhibitors / defoamers. These are, in theory, compounds which may be classified in subgroup (c) as defined according to the invention, as will be described in detail below.

(c) "organic compounds having lipophilic hydrocarbon radicals which are fatty structures"

Concurrent use of these (s) component (s) is of critical importance in the preferred embodiment according to the invention, in terms of form and amount. This importance is usually based on some function. As just described above, the group of nutrients discussed herein includes the category of preferred or necessary foaming inhibitors or antifoams associated with the use of the surfactant component of group (b). First of all, however, there are quite different functions described in detail in the earlier patent application DE 197 48 884.6 which has already been mentioned several times: The components of this subgroup are C sources for the growth of microbial communities in the root and leaf zones.

An important property of these additional components (c) is the critical factor that they are degradable in both aerobic and anaerobic by natural processes. The C source which is essential according to the invention for organotrophic growth is a lipophilic hydrocarbon having a fatty structure and thus a relatively high concentration of energy providing C-H arrangements present in the components. As already explained above, the hydrocarbon radicals of the fatty structure may be saturated and / or at least some of them may be olefinically unsaturated. A deeper understanding of the physicochemical properties of these components, which will be described below, can be decisive here.

Preferred component (c) is an oil soluble but biocompatible organic compound having fatty radicals of the indicated type having at least 6 C atoms, in particular at least 8 C atoms. Preference is given to using suitable components based on straight chain hydrocarbon radicals or HC compounds. Of particular importance are suitable ingredients, which are at least primarily based on natural substances.

Particularly important representatives of group (c) referred to here are hydrocarbon compounds in which at least a portion thereof is oxygen functionalized as a heteroatom. Typical examples of such type components are fatty alcohols and / or fatty acids or derivatives and / or salts thereof. Suitable fatty alcohols or fatty acid derivatives are their esters, ethers and / or amides. Of particular importance within the constitution of the present invention are fatty alcohols and esters of fatty acids with monohydric and / or polyhydric alcohols. When polyhydric alcohols are used, the term fatty acid ester includes both full esters and partial esters. In each particular individual case, which particular component is the preferred representative is selectively determined by the secondary effect and thus by the presence of a desired or undesirable synergistic effect in the overall system. Suitable techniques in German patent application P 19701127.6 will be discussed here by way of example only:

Surfactant based aqueous formulations and in particular corresponding aqueous APG based wetting agents are usually characterized by the high foaming capacity of their APG based nonionic surface active aids. This can be very cumbersome in the field of work according to the invention, leading to the further object of improving the situation by the use of so-called foam inhibitors or antifoams simultaneously. This object is achieved using fatty alcohols, in particular lower polyhydric alcohols such as glycerol-and partial esters of fatty acids, and especially mixtures thereof. At the same time, however, they are the C source which is intended according to the invention for the promotion and increase of microbial growth in the soil and are therefore the optimal representative of component (c) by definition according to the invention.

Mixing an aqueous APG concentrate with an alcohol and / or fatty acid and a polyester alcohol, in particular a partial ester based antifoaming agent / foam inhibitor of glycerol, may form a dark gel that is no longer fluid, but is lower mono in the gel enriched nutrient concentrate. By adding a limiting amount of hydric and / or polyhydric alcohol, for example, a limiting amount of ethanol, fluidity and injectability can be regained even near room temperature.

Thus, in a preferred embodiment, the nutrient or nutrient mixture used as the mixing component (c) in certain individual cases is not determined solely by consideration of the optimization of said component as a carbon source for microbial growth. Secondary effects can also be crucial, such as low foaming capacity of the aqueous multicomponent mixture, uniformity of the multicomponent mixture containing both the lipophilic component and the O / W type wetting agent in the aqueous phase, followed by dilution with more water and subsequent Applicability by subsequent dispensing by injection and / or spraying. The above mentioned patent application P 19701127.6 addresses this in particular. In order to complete the present disclosure, the subject matter of the above patent application is also specifically incorporated herein together with the subject matter of the present disclosure.

In particular, in order to introduce a water-based mixture of substances into the soil substrate without problems and to deliver a carbon source of the mixed component (c) according to the definition according to the invention, at least a part thereof is 25-30 ° C. or less and in particular 10-15 ° C. It may be important to select component (c) having a condensation temperature of, examples of suitable components are olefinically unsaturated C _12-24 fatty alcohols of natural origin and in particular at least mainly, having a high proportion of olefinic double bonds and solidifying The range is C _16/18 fatty alcohols of up to 20 ° C., preferably from 10 to 15 ° C. Preferred multicomponent mixtures of group (c) according to the definition according to the invention are fatty alcohols and saturated fatty acids, in particular at least some olefinically unsaturated fatty acids and polys having 2 to 6 C atoms, in particular 3 to 5 C atoms Mixtures of partial esters with hydric alcohols. Thus, in particular, the glycerol partial esters of naturally occurring fatty acids can be important mixing components for mixing with the appropriate fatty alcohols, and the preferred mixture of substances is about equal amounts of fatty alcohols and fatty acid partial esters or based on fatty alcohols, A corresponding mixture of substances containing a drainage of partial esters. Suitable mixtures of fatty alcohols with fatty acid partial glycerides are, for example, in the range of about 1: 1 to 1:10, preferably 1: 1 to 1: 5, particularly preferably about 1: 1 to 1: 3 parts by weight. . However, as previously indicated, the fatty acid partial esters can also be used alone as component (s) (c). Here again, suitable representatives having a condensation temperature in the above-mentioned range are preferred.

Another determinant for the novel technical field essential by the present invention, ie the minimum amount of C source to be used in each case for microbial growth within the scope of the entire multicomponent mixture to be applied according to the present invention, will be discussed in detail later. In this step only the following will be evident: As an essential factor in one important embodiment, the teachings according to the invention refer to the component (P) and optionally other amounts of macronutrients and micronutrients introduced through the mixing of component (d) ( c) provides the ratio of. Circle (c) which provides carbon for microbial growth has a weight ratio C: P of at least about 5 to 10: 1, preferably about 20 to 25, based on phosphorus P introduced through the mixing of component (d) It is used in the minimum amount to be in the range over 1: 1. However, depending on the nature of the soil and in particular the type and amount of organically bound carbon present in the soil region, significantly higher C: P unguaranteed embodiments may be desirable, with an important lower limit of 40: 1 And preferably in a region of at least 50: 1. In addition, even more excess C sources are usually possible and exhibit a C: P weight ratio of less than or equal to 500: 1 within the teachings of the present invention. The promotion and support of organotrophic microbial growth by the object according to the invention is realized by the optimization of the diffusion of the C source and its transport into the root zone, which can be readily taken for microbial growth in the soil.

Due to their lipophilic radicals and their anaerobic as well as their anaerobic degradability, the nutrients (c) used according to the invention are completely degradable to CO ₂ , H ₂ O and biomass. As a result, as a result of their use, it is certain that no inert or ecotoxicologically harmful degradation products accumulate in the soil. Component (c) containing lipophilic radicals only move slowly in the soil and have a tendency to adhere to each other to form lipophilic or oleophilic surfaces, and in particular root surfaces. In practical terms they are not washed into the groundwater and they are not toxic and therefore safe to use in this criterion as well. The above-mentioned interactions between the lipophilic radicals of the mixing component (c) and the other components of the multicomponent mixture added according to the invention used according to the invention are suitable and optimized for the group (d) discussed below. This can be especially important when selecting ingredients.

(d) carriers containing at least a portion of P and / or N compounds having lipophilic radicals and preferably other macronutrients and / or micronutrients for plant growth

Finally, in one preferred embodiment, the teachings of the present invention provide for the introduction of selected nutrients or nutrient mixtures from phosphorus containing and / or nitrogen containing fertilizers into the substrate to be treated and / or above the plant, particularly on the leaves. A component that delivers the two elements may be a preferred representative of this group of substances. If desired, carriers containing other macronutrients and / or micronutrients for plant growth can be used in this connection, ie as some component of component (d). However, we will cover the following first:

The introduction of these (s) nutrient component (s) (d) may effect simultaneously and in combination with nutrients (c) and the ecologically suitable humectant (b) used for this purpose, but also these nutrient components ( d) may be introduced at different time points or may be combined with the simultaneous introduction of components (a), (b), (c) and (d) with said time difference introduction.

One particularly important embodiment of the present invention provides the use of oil soluble P and / or N compounds as component (d), at least a portion of which has a lipophilic radical. Thus, as essential representatives of component (d), particularly preferred representatives of these auxiliary substances are the phospholipids and / or derivatives thereof described in the previously mentioned application DE 44 37 313. The subject matter of the DE 44 37 313 disclosure will also be specifically introduced herein together with the subject matter of the disclosure within the scope of the teachings according to the invention, highlighting important points of view only in the form of the following abstract in particular. This paper has already demonstrated that the action of phospholipids added to the soil community of microorganisms is expressed in the internal alia, in that the organic compounds and plant residues present in the soil decompose faster and cause an increase in bacteria in the soil. I'm emphasizing. By the teaching according to the invention, the fluid lipophilic component (c) is now further available as a carbon source for microbial growth. The lipophilic molecular moiety of component (d) itself binds with a lipophilic radical which is a hydrocarbon type from C source (c) by the teachings according to the invention. Unpredictably, the migration and fortification of microbial strains of various communities in exactly the soil occurs, and the population-in exchange for the roots of the plants-causes a continuous strengthening and increase in plant growth. Thereby, it is clear that at least the early stage of growth acceleration acts independently of organic compounds such as plant and root residues present in the soil. Nevertheless, in subsequent steps, the fertilization step (mineralization) that takes place in the soil is also accelerated, and dead plant material is recovered more quickly in the biological cycle. Plant nutrients immobilized in the substrate are again available to the plant. Aeration of the soil or substrate where plants grow is improved, and the hydrological balance is stabilized.

Preferred components of the nutrient group (d) are esters of phosphoric acid and monohydric and / or polyhydric alcohols having lipophilic radicals in their molecular structure. Corresponding phosphoric acid partial esters are also particularly suitable here, and are usually used in the form of their (partial) salts.

Thus, suitable phosphate esters in this respect are partial esters of fatty alcohols, which introduce the necessary lipophilic moiety into the phosphate ester molecule via the hydrocarbon radical of the fatty alcohol. Particular esters of straight-chain fatty alcohols, in which phosphoric acid and at least a substantial portion thereof are preferably prepared using C _6-10 fatty alcohols and / or lower ethoxylates thereof, may be particularly suitable for this purpose. In principle, however, phosphoric acid esters of higher fatty alcohols having, for example, 12 to 24 C atoms, are also suitable; Similarly, olefinically unsaturated fatty alcohol radicals may also be of particular importance here.

However, particularly preferred phosphate esters of the nutrient subgroup (d) are phospholipids and phospholipid derivatives. As is known, these are amphoteric substances obtained from plant or animal cells. Preferred phospholipids by the teachings according to the invention are the corresponding compounds of plant origin or phospholipid derivatives obtained therefrom. Particularly preferred representatives of substance (a) in this group are glycerophospholipids, commonly also commonly referred to as lecithin. Sphingophospholipids are less preferred. Known materials that can be used here are diacylphospholipids, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidyl inositol, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate, diphosphatidylglycerol, N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine and phosphadiic acid. Monoacylphospholipids, lysophosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, lysophosphatidyl inositol, lysophosphatidylserine, lysophosphatidylglycerol, lysophosphatidylglycerophosphate, lysophosphatidylglycerol, lyso-n-acylphosphatidyl ethanolamine and lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine Do. Phosphatidylglycerides are industrially available in large quantities and are commercially available as vegetable or animal lecithin and cephalin. The formulation is obtained from an oil such as, for example, corn oil, cottonseed oil or soybean oil. Preferred components of subgroup (a) according to the invention may be enzymatically hydrolyzed glycerophospholipids (enzymatically hydrolyzed lecithins), having more hydrophilic properties due to cleavage of fatty acid esters, with only one Exceptions are products which lose their phosphate residues as a result of enzymatic hydrolysis.

Preferred component (d) is lecithin, lecithin hydrolysate and / or chemically modified lecithin. Although simultaneous use of additional N components is used as a means for the application of multicomponent mixtures to the plant's top, especially to leaves, these compounds can also be used in mixtures with other N-containing compounds.

Value data for the proportions of the nutrient components (a) to (d) applied to the ground and / or the plant's tops with each other in the mixture and / or at different time points are first given below. The numerical values to be described below now relate to specific representative values of the nutrient group weight percentage, based on anhydrous or substantially anhydrous nutrient mixtures.

Component (a), ie chitin and / or chitosan of the oligomer and / or polymer structure, is used in an amount of at least 0.01% by weight, preferably in an amount of at least 0.05% by weight. Particular preference is given in each case to ratios of from 0.1 to 1% by weight or more based on substantially anhydrous nutrient mixtures. The upper limit of the amount of constituents is determined by several factors, which will be understood from the following considerations: If soluble, especially water soluble component (a) is used, chitosan of the oligomer and / or polymer structure is the most suitable choice. Particularly here the molecular size of the polymer compound-together with the requirements for fluidity and injectable formulations-can affect the upper limit of the amount of constituents. The situation is different if the water solubility is certainly increased by the aforementioned derivatization of the chitin and / or chitosan structure and / or formation of oligomer types that are sufficiently low even at high concentrations. In addition, the considerations addressed here are, in particular, that the action of component (a) on pathogens can be ensured even at very low use concentrations. Thus, the upper limit of the mixed component (s) (a) content in the nutrient mixture is, for example, 15 to 25% by weight, but preferably much lower than the above values, for example 5 to 10% by weight.

Surfactant (b) of the class APG compounds of the O / W type is again used in an amount of usually about 5 to 45% by weight, preferably in the range of about 10 to 40% by weight, based on the anhydrous nutrient mixture. When organic compounds (c) having fatty hydrocarbon radicals and degradable in both aerobic and anaerobic are used simultaneously, the amount is usually in the range of about 40% by weight or less, preferably 1 to 30% by weight. Component (d) used simultaneously in a preferred embodiment, ie P and / or N compounds, at least in part having lipophilic radicals, also constitute up to 40% by weight, preferably 3 to 30% by weight of the multicomponent mixture. can do.

When a chitin based and / or chitosan based multicomponent mixture is applied or introduced, different principles may work that indirectly affect the amount of the multicomponent mixture used in the process under consideration. Thus, in the first embodiment, the simultaneous and / or time lag introduction of the components or ingredient mixtures defined according to the invention can be carried out only once over that particular plant growth period. However, the possibility of using the water soluble and / or water soluble nutrient mixtures provided in accordance with the present invention is also a possibility of introducing or applying nutrients or nutrient mixtures in the soil and / or on the ground of the plant several times at short or long intervals. Left open. Thus, it may be convenient to repeatedly apply comparatively small amounts of nutrients according to the invention at intervals of at least two to three weeks, for example at intervals of one to two months. This method makes it possible to optimize the effectiveness even when very small concentrations of nutrients or nutrient mixtures are introduced into the soil and / or on the flora. Thus, the preferred lower limit of the amount of nutrient mixture according to the invention to be applied or introduced is at least 0.1 to 0.2 g / m 2, preferably at least about 1 g / m 2. The upper limit of the amount to be introduced may range from 40 to 60 g / m 2, again all these numerical values are based on the substantially anhydrous component introduced into the mixture or at different time points. Corresponding amounts in the range of about 0.5 to 10 g / m 2, in particular about 1 to 5 g / m 2, are suitable for the possibility of multiple introductions of relatively low concentrations of nutrients or nutrient mixtures, exactly as mentioned above.

In one important embodiment, the teachings according to the invention are possible examples of which are pathogens responsible for diseases caused by ground injury fungi, bacteria and / or viruses of roots and / or plants, and also auxiliary substances for the eradication of parasitic pests, In addition to the plant protection agents currently commonly introduced in plant cultivation, the use of the nutrients and nutrient mixtures described above is provided. Specific references to specialized knowledge of auxiliary substances used in accordance with modern practice, which can be used herein, are described, for example, in K. -U. Heyland's agricultural textbook ["Allgemeiner Pflanzenbau" ("General Plant Production"), Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, 1996), in particular the eight chapters ("Schaderreger und Pflanzenschutz" ("Pathogens and Plant Protection"), loc. Cit., 251 to 356) and H. Borner ("Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz" ("Plant Diseases and PlantProtection"), 5th edition, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, 1983, pp. 136 to 154) and references cited therein. .

If the combination of the teachings according to the invention in combination with conventional auxiliary substances is used against the pathogen, the amount of such conventional auxiliary substances used can be significantly reduced without having to worry about severe loss of activity. This method makes it possible to reduce at least 30%, preferably at least 50-75%, of the active materials of the prior art, usually derived from synthetic chemistry, without worrying about loss of growth and / or yield. As already mentioned, however, the relevant prior technical knowledge and the above combined use of the teachings according to the invention represent only possible embodiments by the teachings according to the invention. According to the invention, it is preferred that the auxiliary material of the type widely used in modern practice and described in the prior art is completely or substantially completely free.

Finally, in another embodiment, the teachings according to the invention include the simultaneous use of chitin-based and / or chitosan-based component (a) of oligomer and / or polymer structure, wherein component (d)-at least a portion thereof is lipophilic. P and / or N compounds having radicals-and APG compounds of type O / W-compounds (b)-and components (c), i.e., organics having lipophilic hydrocarbon radicals of fatty structure and degradable in both aerobic and anaerobic Included are variations of the technical teachings exemplified so that concurrent use of the compounds is necessarily related.

The last mentioned embodiment in the technical teachings provides the use of the following aqueous combinations as a nutrient mixture with plant strengthening and / or plant restoring action against infection by phytopathogenic fungi and / or soil-containing pests. It constitutes the disclosure of the former German patent application DE 198 30 889 (H 3571).

Fatty alcohols and / or fatty acids and lower polyhydric alcohols, mixed with the following compounds,

-Ecologically suitable surfactant compounds (APG compounds) of O / W type alkyl (poly) glycosides

The above-mentioned disclosure of the previous patent application is also introduced herein, particularly in conjunction with the subject matter of the present disclosure, in particular in connection with the last mentioned embodiment. The critical modifications now disclosed include, in addition to component (d), the APG compounds and fatty alcohols and / or partial esters of fatty acids and lower polyhydric alcohols, as well as other oxygen-functionalizing components with free radicals, components by the present invention. The simultaneous use of the compounds described in (c) is involved. The application of the multicomponent mixtures to the ground parts of the soil and / or plant, and to the individual components related to each other in the multicomponent mixture, as set forth herein for all-a mixture of the components (a) to (d) described according to the invention in advance As given-the amount still applies.

Formulations I and II below can be further diluted with water and are aqueous, flowable and dilutable of the chitosan-containing nutrient component according to the invention, which can be readily used in this form for plant protection by the teachings of the invention. List the concentrate.

The components represented by the trade names in Tables I and II are as follows:

Glucopon 215 CS UP APG based O / W wetting agent

HD Osenol or HD Osenol 80/85 Iodine Number 80-85 Phosphorus, C _16-18 Fatty Alcohol

Edenor GMO Glycerol Monooleate

Lipotin NE Enzymatic Hydrolyzed Soy Lecithin

The aqueous chitosan solution used is a water soluble chitosan polymer prepared by stirring 1 g chitosan with 5 ml of 1 molar HCl and 100 ml of water at room temperature until the chitosan is dissolved.

Formulation Example I

Raw material Initial weight weight% Glucophone 215 CS UP 40 g 40 HD Osenol 5 g 5 H ₂ O 15 g 15 Acid, 1% Chitosan Solution 20 g 20 Lipotin NE 20 g 20 100 g 100.0

The aqueous active substance mixture shown here contains 65% by weight of nutrients by definition according to the invention in 35% by weight of water. The chitosan content of the active substance mixture is 0.31% by weight, based on the anhydrous nutrient mixture.

In laboratory experiments, the use of multicomponent mixture amounts corresponding to an application amount of 1 g / m 2 when applied on soil indicates a significant inhibition of fungal growth in a properly infected nutrient substrate.

The same application was made to test the nutrient mixtures according to the invention, characterized by the following formulation II.

Formulation Example II

Raw material Initial weight Glucophone 215 CS UP 340 g HD Osenol 80/85 56 g Edenor GMO 110 g ethanol 120 g H ₂ O 150 g Acid, 1% Chitosan Solution 120 g 896 g

The nutrient mixtures shown in the table above contain 70% by weight of active substance mixed with 30% by weight of water. The chitosan content of the anhydrous nutrient mixture is 0.19% by weight.

The formulations of Tables I and II can be diluted with substantially all proportions of water. Laboratory tests on Formulation II again show a significant reduction in fungal growth in properly infected experimental soils when the product is used in an amount of 1 g / m 2.

Claims (15)

On the root and / or ground of plants, pathogens, in particular pathogens which cause diseases caused by fungi, bacteria and / or viruses, and in the prevention of parasitic pests, by activating the root and / or leaf rights of the plants, the plant growth and plants Use of a multi-component nutrient mixture of at least primarily organic origin containing the following for the cultivation and management of useful and ornamental plants, promoting both health: (a) the following compounds: (b) ecologically suitable surfactant compounds (APG compounds) of alkyl (poly) glycosides of type O / W and (c) organic compounds with lipophilic, saturated and / or olefinically unsaturated hydrocarbon radicals of fatty structure, degradable in both aerobic and anaerobic Chitin and / or chitosan of oligomeric and / or polymeric structure, applied simultaneously and / or at different time points in combination with. The process according to claim 1, wherein, as component (s) (d), at least a portion of P and / or N compounds having lipophilic radicals and, if necessary, other macronutrients and / or micronutrients for plant growth, Further comprising introducing a carrier containing into the root zone and / or applying it to the ground of the plant. Oil-soluble biocompatible organics according to claim 1 or 2, having aliphatic and / or olefinic unsaturation, preferably having at least 6 C atoms, in particular 8 or more C atoms, at least mainly having straight chain hydrocarbon radicals. Use, characterized in that the compound is used as component (c). The component (c) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein at least part thereof is functionalized with oxygen as a heteroatom is used, preferably fatty alcohols and / or fatty acids, or esters or partial esters thereof. And derivatives thereof such as ethers and / or amides. Use according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that component (c) is at least primarily based on natural substances. Use according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least part of component (c) has a condensation temperature of 25 to 30 ° C. or less, in particular 10 to 15 ° C. or less. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein as component (d), simultaneous use with additional N components, such as other N-containing components, is convenient for the application of the multicomponent mixture to the above-ground part of the plant, especially the leaves. Use, characterized in that lecithin, lecithin hydrolysate and / or chemically modified lecithin are used, which may also be mixed with other N-containing components. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein at least a portion of which is water soluble is a chitosan or chitosan compound used as component (a), preferably introduced into cropland or in the form of an aqueous formulation or applied to the plant's ground. Characteristic uses. The chitosan of any one of claims 1 to 8, obtained by at least extensive deacetylation of the chitin and, if necessary, reduction in the average molecular weight by chain cleavage of the aminosaccharide polymer, Use, characterized in that used. The chitosan compound according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein water solubility is improved-preferably improved water solubility even in the neutral to weakly basic pH range-is used and the water solubility is known per se, for example. Uses characterized in that they can be guaranteed in the following manner: Salification with inorganic and / or organic acids, Lowering and controlling the degree of polymerization or degree of oligomerization, and / or Derivatization of chitosan with solubilizing groups, for example carboxymethyl groups. 11. The component (b) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein, as component (b), an APG compound derived from straight-chain fatty alcohols whose alkyl radicals are at least primarily preferably based on natural substances is used, and also the HLB of these surfactant components. Use is characterized in that the value is preferably in the range of 10 to 18. Fatty alcohol based on natural substances according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the APG compound used as component (b) comprises glucose and at least 6 C atoms, preferably 8 to 24 C atoms. And characterized in that the DP value is in the range of 1.2 to 5. The multicomponent mixture according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the multicomponent mixture-at least as part of component (c)-is an olefinically unsaturated C _12-24 fatty alcohol of natural origin, in particular at least primarily a high proportion of olefinic double Used in the form of low foaming aqueous formulations having a bond and containing fatty acid partial esters such as C _16/18 fatty alcohols and / or glycerol monooleate having a solidification range of 20 ° C. or lower, preferably 10 to 15 ° C. or lower, It is also possible to use mixtures of said component (c). 14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the chitin based and / or chitosan based active substance component (a) in the nutrient mixture is in each case an amount of at least 0.05% by weight, preferably based on the anhydrous nutrient mixture. Is present or used in an amount of at least 0.1 to 1% by weight. The chitin-based and / or chitosan-based multicomponent mixture according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the chitin-based and / or chitosan-based multicomponent mixture is at least 0.2 g / m 2, preferably 1 to 60 g / m 2, Particularly preferably in an amount of from 10 to 40 g / m 2.