MX2014013253A

MX2014013253A - Anchor & method.

Info

Publication number: MX2014013253A
Application number: MX2014013253A
Authority: MX
Inventors: Håkan Nilsson
Original assignee: Blue Systems Ab
Priority date: 2012-05-03
Filing date: 2013-02-12
Publication date: 2015-05-12
Also published as: WO2013165295A1; EP2844799A1; US20150121777A1; AU2013257349A1; EP2844799A4

Abstract

Anchor (18) for tensioning at least one component for a civil engineering construction (14), which anchor (18) is arranged to at least partly be located in the ground/underlying surface (12). The anchor (18) comprises at least one surface (20, 22, 24) that is intended to at least partly be covered with material (25), so that only the weight of said material (25) which acts on said at least one surface (20, 22, 24) gives said anchor (18) the capacity for tensioning said at least one component for a civil engineering construction (14).

Description

ANCHOR AND METHOD FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an anchor for tensioning at least one component for a civil engineering construction. The present invention also relates to a method for securing an anchor for tensioning at least one component for a civil engineering construction, at least partially on the ground / under the underlying surface.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In many civil engineering constructions cables are fed down to an anchor in the ground, anchor which is used for cable tension. The anchors are for example, used in a road safety fence. A road safety fence is a continuous obstruction along a road, which is assembled for the purpose of increasing road safety by preventing vehicles from being driven into the lane of a vehicle traveling in the opposite direction and to prevent a vehicle from leaving the road in the event of an accident, especially in places where there is a particular risk of consequential damage, such as by water or in places with large differences in height level.

The road safety fences that are used on most European roads are tested according to an EN1317 standard. This standard requires that crash tests be conducted by an accredited crash test laboratory. There are different capacity levels depending on which type of safety equipment requires a road section. In Sweden, for example, road safety fences usually meet the requirements of class N2, which means a crash test with a vehicle weighing 1500 kg at 110 km / h and with an approach angle of 20 °, while that the bridge rails are often tested in class H2, which means a crash test with a bus weighing 13 tons at 70 km / h and an angle of 20 °.

A steel wire fence often comprises a plurality of posts secured substantially vertically to the ground or other underlying surface at a distance from each other, and at least one substantially horizontal steel wire fixed to the posts. A concrete anchor, which usually weighs three to four tons, and which has a volume of more than two cubic meters is placed at the beginning and end of the road safety fence. That concrete anchor can be prefabricated or cast on site. It is dug a hole in the ground and the concrete anchor is placed in the hole. One or more steel wires are attached to the anchor and are brought to the correct tension.

A disadvantage with prefabricated anchors is that they are difficult to transport and move. A disadvantage with the anchors that are placed on the site is that the anchor material and equipment needed to cast an anchor on the site must be transported to the installation site.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide an improved anchor for tensioning, that is, to maintain a voltage applied to, or apply a voltage to, at least one component of a civil engineering construction.

This objective is achieved by an anchor that is arranged to be located at least partially on the underlying ground / surface. The anchor comprises at least one surface that is intended to be at least partially covered with material, so that the weight of this material acting on at least one surface gives the anchor the ability to tension at least one component for a civil engineering construction. , such as a cable, a wire or a line that is directly or indirectly attached to a component, or that is integrated into a component.

Instead of using a heavy anchor made of concrete for example, a much lighter anchor of metal, a composite material, plastic or some other suitable material can be manufactured. It is the weight of the material that is placed on and / or around the anchor and the strength of the underlying ground / surface surrounding the anchor, which acts on at least one surface, which gives the anchor the ability to tighten at least a component for a civil engineering construction. That anchor is easier to manufacture, handle, transport and move.

The expression "anchor to tension at least one component for a civil engineering construction" means that the anchor must be suitable for tensioning a component for a civil engineering construction with a tension of at least 5 kN, at least 10 kN, at least 20 kN, at least 30 kN or more when the anchor is in use. For example, 1-10 tons of material or more may be necessary to obtain the desired tension depending on the application. At least one element, such as a steel wire or the like, which element is used to connect the anchor to at least one component for a civil engineering construction is arranged at or above ground level or water, ie, not is buried in the ground or located under water and does not extend at least partially below ground level or water level. At least an element extends along the ground level or water level and / or above ground level or water level, and is directly or indirectly attached to the anchor.

The expression "at least one surface" does not only mean a substantially two-dimensional part of the anchor, such as a plate. It can also be at least one surface of a three-dimensional part of the anchor, such as a beam. At least one surface does not necessarily have a continuous surface, but may contain holes, cavities, raised portions, channels or other features. At least one surface can, for example, be a grid or an angled plate. At least one surface does not necessarily need to be flat, and can have any shape, cross section and / or thickness. At least one surface has for example a surface area that can be covered with material of at least 0.5 m2, at least 1 m2, at least 2 m2, at least 3 m2, at least 4 m2, at least 5 m2 or more. An anchor according to the present invention can occupy a volume of 1-10 m3 or more.

The word "material" as used in the expression "at least one surface is covered with material" means that it is not the same as the material from which the anchor is made. This can be a surrounding soil material and / or the surrounding underlying surface in which the anchor is at least partially located, such as soil and / or other material that is removed / washed to at least partially secure the anchor in the underlying soil / surface. Additionally or alternatively this material may be soil, water, rocks and / or other material that is transported to the installation site.

According to one embodiment of the invention, at least one surface of the at least one plate consists of a plate, a grid, a beam or some other component, and comprises a metal, plastic or composite material.

An anchor according to the present invention may comprise a frame-like structure that is placed on the ground or on the underlying surface. According to another embodiment of the invention, the anchor comprises a plurality of components, such as plates and / or beams provided with hinges or hinges. That anchor can be transported to the installation site folded or unfolded on the installation to facilitate its transport and handling. Additionally, or alternatively an anchor may comprise a plurality of bonded components, such as plates and / or beams. That anchor can be constructed at least partially at the installation site, for example by joining the components with a welded joint or with screws. The anchor may comprise a first plate that is intended to be located in a manner substantially horizontal when the anchor is in use and a second component that is arranged so as to form an angle of 91-180 °, for example 120-160 ° towards the first steel plate when the anchor is in use.

The present invention also relates to a civil engineering construction, such as a road safety fence, a railway track, a bridge, a tunnel, a bay, a pier, a ferry dock, a canal, a lock, a monument, a lighthouse, an airport, a park, a fence, a fortification, a building, a portal, a lamppost, a flagpole, a renewable energy construction, such as a park of solar panels , a floating or non-floating platform such as a wind power installation or some other installation, civil engineering construction which comprises at least one component for a civil engineering construction that is tensioned using at least one anchor according to one embodiment of the invention.

The present invention further relates to a method for securing an anchor for tensioning at least one component for a civil engineering construction, at least partially on the underlying floor / surface. The method comprises the step of securing at least one surface of the anchor in the ground and at least partially covering at least one surface with material so that the weight of this material acting on at least one surface anchor the ability to tension at least one component for a civil engineering construction. Additional embodiments of the method are set forth in the dependent claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES In the following, the present description will be described in greater detail with reference to the accompanying schematic figures in which: Figures 1 and 2 show an anchor according to the previous technique.

Figures 3-8, 10 and 11 show an anchor according to embodiments of the present invention, and Figure 9 shows a method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

It should be noted that the drawings have not necessarily been drawn to scale and that the dimensions of certain features may have been exaggerated for purposes of clarity.

It should also be noted that a feature that is described in relation to one embodiment of the invention can be applied to any other embodiment of the invention unless the description explicitly excludes this possibility.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Figure 1 shows a concrete anchor 10 according to the previous technique, concrete anchor 10, which weighs approximately 3 to 4 tons. Figure 2 shows a concrete anchor 10 that has been buried below ground level 12 to tension a plurality of steel wires 14 of a road safety fence comprising a plurality of posts 16 which are intended to be secured in a manner substantially vertical on the ground 12 at a distance from each other. The steel wires 14 are fastened to the posts 16 and the concrete anchor 10 and are brought to a straight tension. The anchor 10 is placed at a distance D, for example 1-20 m, or 3-12 m from the start to the end of the road safety fence.

Figures 3-8 and 10 show an anchor 18 according to an embodiment of the present invention for tensioning at least one component for a civil engineering construction 14 according to one embodiment of the invention. The anchor 18 is arranged to be located on the underlying floor / surface and comprises a surface 20 which is intended to be at least partially covered with material, so that the weight of the material acting on the surface 20 gives the anchor the ability to tension the minus one component for a civil engineering construction.

Figure 8 shows an anchor 18 according to an embodiment of the present invention, anchor which comprises the surfaces 20, 22, 24 which are intended to be covered with material 25, so that the weight of the material 25 acting on the surfaces 20, 22, 24 give the anchor 18 the ability to tension at least one component for a civil engineering construction, for example a steel wire 14 of a road safety fence. A road safety fence can have 1 to 6 steel wires 14. The uppermost steel wire can for example be placed at a height of 600-800 mm. One or more steel wires 14 can for example be fastened to the anchor 18 using a component embedded in the anchor 26. A component embedded in the anchor 26 however does not necessarily need to be placed at ground level 12 as shown in the illustrated embodiment .

The road safety fence can be a lateral, central or inclined handrail. A side railing is placed on the side of a road (over the hard edge), a central railing is placed between traffic traveling in opposite directions in the central part of a road, either at the base of the road or on the asphalt , or when the distance between the traffic traveling in opposite directions is small, as when a 13 m road is converted to a road of 2 + 1, a slope railing is placed on a slope on the side of the road. The slope rail is high enough to handle a car that flies over the slope and low enough to take care that the car follows the slope of the slope. The advantages with the placement of a railing on a slope at the side of the road are to provide more space for pedestrians and skiers or cars that have broken down, provide more space for snow (ie when the snow melts the risk of snow melt and water flow over the road decreases), and provide a simpler snow space at the roadside and beside the road.

Although the illustrated embodiment shows a road safety fence, an anchor 18 according to the present invention can be used to tension any component for a civil engineering construction. A single anchor 18 can be used to tension a plurality of components for civil engineering constructions, or a plurality of anchors 18 can be used to tension a single component for civil engineering construction or a smaller number of components for civil engineering constructions. .

At least one component for a civil engineering construction for example at least one component for one of the following: a road, a road safety fence, a railway line, a bridge, a tunnel, a bay, a pier, a ferry dock, a canal, a lock, a monument, a lighthouse, a airport, a park, a fence, a fortification, a building, a portal, a lamppost, a flagpole, a renewable energy construction, such as a park of solar panels, a floating platform or not floating as a wind power installation.

It should be noted, that an anchor 18 according to the present invention does not necessarily need to tension at least one component for a civil engineering construction that is located above the ground 12. It can also be used to tension at least one component for an engineering construction civilian that is located at least partially below the underlying ground / surface.

It should also be noted that even a concrete anchor 10 according to the prior art such as that shown in Figure 1 may comprise inclined sides which are covered with material when the anchor 10 is in use. The weight of the material covering these inclined surfaces is however negligible in comparison with the weight of the concrete anchor 10. An anchor 18 according to the present invention is arranged so that the weight of the material covering at least one surface 20, 22, 24 when the anchor 18 is in use it is at least 10 times, or at least 20 times, or at least 50 times, or at least 100 times heavier or more than the weight of the anchor 18 itself.

In the illustrated embodiment the surfaces 20, 22, 24 consist of metal plates, such as steel plates, provided with hinges or hinges 28. The surfaces 20, 22, 24 can be substantially rectangular or triangular and / or can be covered at least partially by a coating, as a coating that prevents oxidation. The steel anchor 18 can be transported to the installation site in a bent state, and be unfolded after the anchor 18 is installed in the ground. A first plate 20 is arranged so that it is substantially horizontal when the anchor 18 is in use and the other two plates 22, 24 are arranged so as to form an angle f of 120 ° towards the first plate 20 when the anchor 18 is in place. use. An anchor 18 according to the present invention can also comprise retaining elements or tension elements, cables or beams, for holding the anchor surfaces 20, 24 in place, while at least partially covered with material 25.

The first plate 20 can be located 0.7-2 m below the ground level 12 when the anchor is in use. The first plate 20 can for example have a length of 1-4 m and / or a width of 0.7-2 m and / or a total surface area 2-8 m2 that can be covered with material 25. An anchor 18 according to the present invention can however be sized in any way depending on the application and the tension that must be achieved.

Figure 9 shows a method for securing an anchor 18 for tensioning at least one component for a civil engineering construction, at least partially on the underlying floor / surface. The method comprises the step of securing at least one surface 20, 22, 24 of the anchor 18 in the underlying soil / surface in a suitable manner, for example by drilling a hole in the ground 12, and placing the anchor 18 in the hole. At least one surface 20, 22, 24 is at least partially covered with material 25, such as the surrounding earth and stones, so that the weight of the material 25 acting on at least one surface 20, 22, 24 of the anchor capacity of tensioning at least one component for a civil engineering construction.

Figure 10 shows an anchor 18 according to an embodiment of the present invention, anchor 18 which comprises a surface 20 which is intended to be covered with material 25, so that the weight of the material 25 acting on the surface 20 of the anchor 18 the ability to tension at least one component for a civil engineering construction such as a steel wire 14 in a construction 28 on which at least one panel is mounted solar panel or solar collector 30. A park of solar panels can for example comprise a plurality of constructions supporting a solar panel 30, whereby each construction 30 comprises a metal frame, such as an aluminum frame, on which at least mounted on a solar panel 30. A park of solar panels may for example comprise a plurality of solar panel support constructions 30, whereby each construction 30 comprises a metal frame, such as an aluminum frame on which at least one mounting is mounted. a solar panel 30. Instead of tensioning each construction 30 with a cage and a post provided with a thread that is threaded into the ground, as in existing solutions, an anchor 18 according to the present invention can be used to tension a plurality of constructions 30, whereby one or more steel wires 14 that are connected to one or more constructions 30 for example, can be fastened directly to the anchor 18 using a composite embedded in the anchor 26 and / or indirectly to the anchor 18 via one or more posts 32.

Figure 11 shows an anchor 18 according to an embodiment of the present invention, anchor 18 which comprises a surface 20 which is intended to be covered with a material 25, so that the weight of the material 25 acting on the surface 20 of to anchor 18 the capacity of Tension at least one component for a civil engineering construction. One or more steel wires in a construction on which at least one solar panel or solar collector is mounted can for example be fastened to a pole 32, which in the embodiment illustrated constitutes part of the anchor 18. The anchor 18 can then absorb forces waiting to lift and / or move post 32 in the wind, or if a civil engineering construction is subjected to some other force.

It should be noted that features that have been described in connection with one or a number of embodiments may also be included in other embodiments of the present invention.

Various modifications of the invention are possible within the scope of the accompanying claims.

Claims

1. An anchor for tensioning at least one component for a civil engineering, anchor construction which is arranged to be located at least partially on the underlying floor / surface, whereby at least one component for a civil engineering construction comprises at least one element which is used to connect at least one component for a civil engineering construction to the anchor, characterized in that the anchor comprises at least one surface that is intended to be at least partially covered with material, so that the weight of the material acting on at least A surface gives the anchor the ability to tension at least one component for a civil engineering construction and, so that at least one element is arranged at or above ground level or water, ie, at least one element is not buried in the ground or placed under water and does not extend at least partially below ground level or water level.

2. The anchor according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one surface is constituted by at least one plate, a grid or a beam.

3. The anchor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of joined components.

4. The anchor according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of components, such as plates and / or beams provided with hinges or joints.

5. The anchor according to claim 4, characterized in that it comprises the first plate that is intended to be located substantially horizontal when the anchor is in use, a second plate that is arranged so that it forms an angle of 91-180 ° towards the first plate when the plate is in use.

6. The anchor according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one surface has a surface area of at least 0.5 _m2.

7. A civil engineering construction comprising at least one component for a civil engineering construction that is tensioned using at least one anchor, characterized in that it comprises at least one anchor according to any of claims 1-6.

8. The civil engineering construction according to claim 7, characterized in that it comprises one or more of the following: a wall, a road safety fence, or railway track, a bridge, a tunnel, a bay, a pier, a dock for ferries, a canal, a lock, a monument, a lighthouse, an airport, a park, a fence, a fortification, a building, a portal, a lamppost, a flagpole, a renewable energy construction, a floating platform or not.

9. A method for securing at least one anchor with at least one surface for tensioning at least one component for a civil engineering construction, at least partially on the ground of an underlying surface, characterized in that the method comprises the step of securing at least one surface of at least one anchor in the underlying floor / surface, and at least partially cover at least one surface with material, so that the weight of the material acting on at least one surface of at least one anchor and the ability to tension the less one component for a civil engineering construction, and arranging at least one element of at least one component for a civil engineering construction to connect at least one component for a civil engineering construction to the anchor and not above ground level or water, that is, so that at least one element is not buried in the ground or located under water and does not extend at least partially below the ground level or the water level.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that at least one surface comprises at least one plate, one grid or one beam .0

11. The method according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the anchor comprises a plurality of joined components.

12. The method according to any of claims 9-11, characterized in that the anchor comprises a plurality of components provided with hinges or hinges.

13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that the method comprises the step of placing a first substantially horizontal plate on the underlying floor / surface and placing a second plate to form an angle of 91-180 ° towards the first plate.

14. The method according to any of claims 9-13, characterized in that at least one surface has a surface area of at least 0.5 m2.

15. The method according to any of claims 9-14, characterized in that at least one component for a civil engineering construction is at least one component for at least one of the following; a wall, a road safety fence, or railroad, a bridge, a tunnel, a bay, a pier, a dock for ferries, a canal, a lock, a monument, a lighthouse, an airport, a park, a fence, a fortification, a building, a portal, a lamppost, a flagpole, a renewable energy construction, a floating platform or not floating.