MX2010002194A - Procesamiento directo de concentrados de mineral metalico en ferroaleaciones. - Google Patents
Procesamiento directo de concentrados de mineral metalico en ferroaleaciones.Info
- Publication number
- MX2010002194A MX2010002194A MX2010002194A MX2010002194A MX2010002194A MX 2010002194 A MX2010002194 A MX 2010002194A MX 2010002194 A MX2010002194 A MX 2010002194A MX 2010002194 A MX2010002194 A MX 2010002194A MX 2010002194 A MX2010002194 A MX 2010002194A
- Authority
- MX
- Mexico
- Prior art keywords
- ore concentrates
- direct processing
- materials
- ferroalloys
- iron
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
- C22B1/242—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders
- C22B1/244—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders organic
- C22B1/245—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders organic with carbonaceous material for the production of coked agglomerates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B11/00—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces
- C21B11/10—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces in electric furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/0006—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes obtaining iron or steel in a molten state
- C21B13/0013—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes obtaining iron or steel in a molten state introduction of iron oxide into a bath of molten iron containing a carbon reductant
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/12—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in electric furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B13/00—Obtaining lead
- C22B13/02—Obtaining lead by dry processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B19/00—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide
- C22B19/04—Obtaining zinc by distilling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B19/00—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide
- C22B19/04—Obtaining zinc by distilling
- C22B19/10—Obtaining zinc by distilling in reverberatory furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B19/00—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide
- C22B19/04—Obtaining zinc by distilling
- C22B19/16—Distilling vessels
- C22B19/18—Condensers, Receiving vessels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
- C22B34/10—Obtaining titanium, zirconium or hafnium
- C22B34/12—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B4/00—Electrothermal treatment of ores or metallurgical products for obtaining metals or alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/10—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by solid carbonaceous reducing agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/16—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes with volatilisation or condensation of the metal being produced
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B2100/00—Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
- C21B2100/60—Process control or energy utilisation in the manufacture of iron or steel
- C21B2100/62—Energy conversion other than by heat exchange, e.g. by use of exhaust gas in energy production
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B2100/00—Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
- C21B2100/60—Process control or energy utilisation in the manufacture of iron or steel
- C21B2100/66—Heat exchange
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B2400/00—Treatment of slags originating from iron or steel processes
- C21B2400/02—Physical or chemical treatment of slags
- C21B2400/022—Methods of cooling or quenching molten slag
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/0056—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00 using cored wires
- C21C2007/0062—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00 using cored wires with introduction of alloying or treating agents under a compacted form different from a wire, e.g. briquette, pellet
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
- C21C5/527—Charging of the electric furnace
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
- Y02P10/134—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions by avoiding CO2, e.g. using hydrogen
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
Un método para producir ferroaleación líquida mediante procesamiento directo de compuestos de hierro portando manganeso y cromo, mediante los pasos de: mezclar el reductor carbonáceo, agente de flujo y un ligante con materiales tales como arenas de hierro, óxidos metálicos, concentrados de mineral de manganeso- hierro y/o concentrados de mineral de cromo-hierro y arenas de sílice, para formar una mezcla; formar aglomerados a partir de la mezcla; alimentar los aglomerados a un horno de fusión con otros materiales; fundir los materiales de alimentación a una temperatura desde 1500 hasta 1760 °C y formar una escoria y metal caliente; remover la escoria; y tomar el metal caliente como ferroaleación líquida.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US96734707P | 2007-09-04 | 2007-09-04 | |
US99761607P | 2007-10-04 | 2007-10-04 | |
US12691508P | 2008-05-08 | 2008-05-08 | |
PCT/US2008/010123 WO2009032110A1 (en) | 2007-09-04 | 2008-08-12 | Direct processing of metallic ore concentrates into ferroalloys |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
MX2010002194A true MX2010002194A (es) | 2010-06-01 |
Family
ID=40429178
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
MX2010002194A MX2010002194A (es) | 2007-09-04 | 2008-08-12 | Procesamiento directo de concentrados de mineral metalico en ferroaleaciones. |
MX2010001489A MX2010001489A (es) | 2007-09-04 | 2008-08-12 | Procesamiento directo de tierras y arenas de ferrotitanio. |
MX2009012958A MX2009012958A (es) | 2007-09-04 | 2008-08-12 | Fundicion directa de compuestos que portan cinc para producir cinc metalico. |
Family Applications After (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
MX2010001489A MX2010001489A (es) | 2007-09-04 | 2008-08-12 | Procesamiento directo de tierras y arenas de ferrotitanio. |
MX2009012958A MX2009012958A (es) | 2007-09-04 | 2008-08-12 | Fundicion directa de compuestos que portan cinc para producir cinc metalico. |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (4) | US8043408B2 (es) |
EP (3) | EP2190623A4 (es) |
CN (3) | CN102006966A (es) |
AU (3) | AU2008295563B2 (es) |
CA (3) | CA2687755C (es) |
MX (3) | MX2010002194A (es) |
WO (3) | WO2009032109A1 (es) |
ZA (3) | ZA201004008B (es) |
Families Citing this family (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT506640B1 (de) * | 2008-03-17 | 2010-07-15 | Siemens Vai Metals Tech Gmbh | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von flüssigem roheisen oder flüssigen stahlvorprodukten |
AU2009278748A1 (en) * | 2008-08-07 | 2010-02-11 | Zinchem, A Division Of Zimco Group (Pty) Ltd | Method and plant for the production of zinc dust |
CN101970699B (zh) * | 2008-08-30 | 2013-05-22 | 塔塔钢铁有限公司 | 从具有高浓度锌的铁矿石分离锌和提取铁、有用成分的方法 |
JP5571345B2 (ja) * | 2009-09-29 | 2014-08-13 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | ブリケットの製造方法、還元金属の製造方法、及び亜鉛若しくは鉛の分離方法 |
EP2572005B1 (en) * | 2010-05-18 | 2020-11-18 | Tata Steel Limited | Direct smelting process |
US8906131B2 (en) * | 2011-10-04 | 2014-12-09 | John J. Simmons | Direct production of iron slabs and nuggets from ore without pelletizing or briquetting |
US20140306386A1 (en) * | 2011-12-05 | 2014-10-16 | Active Land International Corporation | Sustainable process for the co-generation of pig iron and electric energy using wood as fuel |
KR101318962B1 (ko) * | 2012-04-26 | 2013-10-15 | 주식회사 포스코 | 사철을 이용한 직접환원철 제조장치 및 그 제조방법 |
CA2882177A1 (en) * | 2012-08-22 | 2014-02-27 | Hoffman & Sons Technologies, Llc | Production of pig iron |
US9404165B2 (en) * | 2012-08-22 | 2016-08-02 | Hoffman & Sons Technologies, Llc | Producing of pig iron from iron-containing materials |
WO2014177931A2 (en) * | 2013-04-29 | 2014-11-06 | Saudi Basic Indutries Corporation | A process for the removal of metal or impurities from electric arc furnace dust |
FI126719B (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2017-04-28 | Outotec Finland Oy | Process for the preparation of a manganese-containing iron alloy |
CN103706958B (zh) * | 2013-12-26 | 2016-05-25 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | 铝钢界面还原剂 |
CN106222444A (zh) * | 2015-08-25 | 2016-12-14 | 赖成章 | 用高科技冶炼硫化锌矿方法 |
CN108754178B (zh) * | 2018-07-06 | 2020-06-09 | 六盘水中联工贸实业有限公司 | 一种硫化锌精矿的冶炼方法 |
CN113461467A (zh) * | 2021-07-20 | 2021-10-01 | 北京理工大学 | 低机械感度的安全环保开爆药及其制备方法 |
CN118326161B (zh) * | 2024-06-13 | 2024-08-13 | 昆明理工大学 | 一种利用废SCR催化剂和晶硅废料制备Si-Ti合金焊料并同时回收钨和钒的方法 |
Family Cites Families (40)
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US2471242A (en) * | 1944-01-27 | 1949-05-24 | Pickands Mather & Co | Process of treating titaniferous iron ores |
US3068091A (en) * | 1960-11-01 | 1962-12-11 | Allis Chalmers Mfg Co | Process for the direct reduction of oxidic ores |
US3224871A (en) * | 1961-02-24 | 1965-12-21 | Elektrokemisk As | Process of preheating ores for reduction in smelting furnace |
US3203758A (en) * | 1962-10-30 | 1965-08-31 | Horizons Inc | Utilization of steel mill pickle liquor |
US3860414A (en) * | 1968-09-04 | 1975-01-14 | Int Minerals & Chem Corp | Use of graft copolymers as agglomeration binders |
US3661555A (en) * | 1969-06-24 | 1972-05-09 | Showa Denko Kk | Pelletized chromium addition agents for ferro alloys production and method therefor |
CA923711A (en) * | 1969-09-12 | 1973-04-03 | Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha | Titanium dioxide concentrate and its manufacturing process |
US3985545A (en) * | 1970-09-24 | 1976-10-12 | Sadamu Kinoshita | Metal melting method using electric arc furnace |
US3754889A (en) * | 1970-10-14 | 1973-08-28 | Bethlehem Steel Corp | Highly fluxed iron oxide pellet |
JPS4936848B1 (es) * | 1970-12-30 | 1974-10-03 | ||
US3765868A (en) * | 1971-07-07 | 1973-10-16 | Nl Industries Inc | Method for the selective recovery of metallic iron and titanium oxide values from ilmenites |
US3900552A (en) * | 1972-02-01 | 1975-08-19 | Us Interior | Preparation of highly pure titanium tetrachloride from perovskite or titanite |
US3899569A (en) * | 1972-02-01 | 1975-08-12 | Us Interior | Preparation of highly pure titanium tetrachloride from ilmenite slag |
SE433128B (sv) * | 1974-02-21 | 1984-05-07 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | Hermetiskt sluten ljusbagsugn |
US4071355A (en) * | 1976-05-13 | 1978-01-31 | Foote Mineral Company | Recovery of vanadium from pig iron |
US4120694A (en) * | 1977-09-06 | 1978-10-17 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Interior | Process for purifying a titanium-bearing material and upgrading ilmenite to synthetic rutile with sulfur trioxide |
US4436551A (en) * | 1981-10-26 | 1984-03-13 | Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Process for making steel from direct-reduced iron |
US4509177A (en) * | 1983-06-29 | 1985-04-02 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Electric arc-fired blast furnace system |
DE3503493A1 (de) * | 1985-01-31 | 1986-08-14 | Korf Engineering GmbH, 4000 Düsseldorf | Verfahren zur herstellung von roheisen |
US4659374A (en) * | 1985-06-14 | 1987-04-21 | Dow Corning Corporation | Mixed binder systems for agglomerates |
JP2671053B2 (ja) * | 1990-04-20 | 1997-10-29 | 住友重機械工業株式会社 | 亜鉛含有ダストからの有価金属の回収方法 |
US5258054A (en) * | 1991-11-06 | 1993-11-02 | Ebenfelt Li W | Method for continuously producing steel or semi-steel |
US5443614A (en) * | 1994-07-28 | 1995-08-22 | Noranda, Inc. | Direct smelting or zinc concentrates and residues |
US5906671A (en) * | 1996-10-25 | 1999-05-25 | Agglo Inc. | Method for extraction of metals and non-metals from minerals, industrial by-products and waste materials |
US6342089B1 (en) * | 1997-09-02 | 2002-01-29 | Mcgaa John R. | Direct reduced iron pellets |
US6685761B1 (en) * | 1998-10-30 | 2004-02-03 | Midrex International B.V. Rotterdam, Zurich Branch | Method for producing beneficiated titanium oxides |
US6582491B2 (en) * | 1998-10-30 | 2003-06-24 | Midrex International, B.V. Rotterdam, Zurich Branch | Method for producing molten iron in duplex furnaces |
EP1157139B1 (en) * | 1999-02-26 | 2002-10-09 | Mintek | Treatment of metal sulphide concentrates by roasting and arc furnace smelt reduction |
US6306195B1 (en) * | 2000-03-24 | 2001-10-23 | Council Of Scientific And Industiral Research | Process for the preparation of high grade synthetic rutile and pig iron |
GB0009630D0 (en) * | 2000-04-19 | 2000-06-07 | Adwell Worldwide Inc | Ferroalloy production |
US20020035188A1 (en) * | 2000-07-21 | 2002-03-21 | Steeghs Henricus Renier Gerardus | Agglomerating particulate materials |
BR0113896A (pt) * | 2000-09-14 | 2004-07-06 | Nippon Kokan Kk | Agente e método de refinação |
JP2002194452A (ja) * | 2000-12-25 | 2002-07-10 | Aichi Steel Works Ltd | 電気炉ダストの処理方法 |
US6648942B2 (en) * | 2001-01-26 | 2003-11-18 | Midrex International B.V. Rotterdam, Zurich Branch | Method of direct iron-making / steel-making via gas or coal-based direct reduction and apparatus |
US6666027B1 (en) * | 2002-07-15 | 2003-12-23 | General Electric Company | Turbine power generation systems and methods using off-gas fuels |
JP4153281B2 (ja) * | 2002-10-08 | 2008-09-24 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 酸化チタン含有スラグの製造方法 |
AU2002952062A0 (en) * | 2002-10-15 | 2002-10-31 | D.Wilson Investments Pty. Ltd. | Process and apparatus for extracting zinc |
WO2004113577A1 (en) * | 2003-06-20 | 2004-12-29 | Grain Processing Corporation | Method for producing mineral ore agglomerates using a hemicellulose binder and associated products |
EP1641948B1 (en) * | 2003-07-04 | 2007-06-13 | Umicore | Recovery of non-ferrous metals from zinc residues |
KR20050035604A (ko) * | 2003-10-13 | 2005-04-19 | 한국지질자원연구원 | 2단 고온반응에 의한 전기로 분진으로부터 납, 아연, 철을회수하는 방법 |
-
2008
- 2008-08-12 EP EP08829719A patent/EP2190623A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-08-12 EP EP08829098.6A patent/EP2191025B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2008-08-12 CN CN2008801049111A patent/CN102006966A/zh active Pending
- 2008-08-12 US US12/452,849 patent/US8043408B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-08-12 MX MX2010002194A patent/MX2010002194A/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-08-12 US US12/452,850 patent/US20100126311A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-08-12 US US12/452,848 patent/US7985389B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-08-12 MX MX2010001489A patent/MX2010001489A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2008-08-12 CA CA2687755A patent/CA2687755C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-08-12 CA CA2694630A patent/CA2694630A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-08-12 MX MX2009012958A patent/MX2009012958A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2008-08-12 WO PCT/US2008/010122 patent/WO2009032109A1/en active Application Filing
- 2008-08-12 EP EP08829218A patent/EP2190622A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-08-12 WO PCT/US2008/010124 patent/WO2009032111A1/en active Application Filing
- 2008-08-12 CA CA2698251A patent/CA2698251C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-08-12 AU AU2008295563A patent/AU2008295563B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2008-08-12 WO PCT/US2008/010123 patent/WO2009032110A1/en active Application Filing
- 2008-08-12 AU AU2008295487A patent/AU2008295487B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2008-08-12 CN CN2008800194404A patent/CN101715492B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-08-12 AU AU2008295564A patent/AU2008295564B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2008-08-12 CN CN200880101273A patent/CN101790434A/zh active Pending
-
2010
- 2010-06-04 ZA ZA2010/04008A patent/ZA201004008B/en unknown
- 2010-06-04 ZA ZA2010/04006A patent/ZA201004006B/en unknown
- 2010-06-04 ZA ZA2010/04007A patent/ZA201004007B/en unknown
-
2011
- 2011-09-20 US US13/200,186 patent/US8420007B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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