MX2008008469A - Skin whitening cosmetic composition, pack containing the same, and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Skin whitening cosmetic composition, pack containing the same, and preparation method thereofInfo
- Publication number
- MX2008008469A MX2008008469A MXMX/A/2008/008469A MX2008008469A MX2008008469A MX 2008008469 A MX2008008469 A MX 2008008469A MX 2008008469 A MX2008008469 A MX 2008008469A MX 2008008469 A MX2008008469 A MX 2008008469A
- Authority
- MX
- Mexico
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- shellfish
- pine
- shell
- composition according
- Prior art date
Links
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Abstract
Disclosed is a skin whitening cosmetic composition having excellent whitening effects without causing any side effects, which includes a carbonized pine cone, as well as a pack containing the same. The skin whitening cosmetic composition includes natural substances, unlike prior commercially available products, and has excellent whitening effects without causing any side effect since it is safe to the skin. When the whitening cosmetic composition is used as it is or as a pack together with a substrate, such as a nonwoven fabric, it will provide a functional pack that can impart whitening effects in addition to effects, such as skin moisturization and skin firming.
Description
COSMETIC COMPOSITION WHITENING THE SKIN, ENVOLTORIO CONTAINING IT AND METHOD FOR PREPARATION
FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a skin whitening cosmetic composition, to a wrapping containing it and to a method for its preparation; and more particularly, to a skin whitening cosmetic composition having excellent skin whitening effects, without causing any side effects, including a charred pine pin, as well as a wrapping containing it, and a method for its preparation .
Prior art The skin is a very important tissue that protects the human body in direct contact with the external environment, and has biochemical and physical functions. The cutaneous tissue is widely divided into three parts: epidermis, dermis and hypodermis. The color of human skin varies, depending mainly on the number, size, type and distribution of melanosomes that contain melanin within skin cells. Melanosomes are produced by melanin cells, and melanin is a black pigment produced in the epidermis and produced in melanocyte cells. Melanin works to protect the deeper cells against damage by UV light, absorbing the energy of UV light from sunlight. However, if the melanin is reduced abnormally, skin lesions will occur, such as vitiligo, and on the contrary, an excessive synthesis of melanin by the UV and the like, will damage the skin and
It will form discolorations and freckles that can also cause skin cancer. The color of human skin is determined by several factors, among which are important factors the activity of melanocytes that form melanin pigments, the distribution of blood vessels, the thickness of the skin and if the human body contains pigments, such as carotenoids and bilirubin. In particular, the most important factor is the black melanin pigment, which is production by action of various enzymes, such as tyrosinase, in human melanocytes. The formation of this melanin pigment is influenced by physiological factors associated, for example, with genetic factors, hormonal secretion and stress, as well as by environmental factors, such as irradiation with UV light. However, excessive production and deposition of the melanin pigment causes skin abnormalities, such as skin darkening, discoloration, freckles and pigmentation. For that reason, in order to treat or reduce the excessive pigmentation with melanin caused by exposure to UV light, ascorbic acid, kojic acid, arbutin, hydroquinone, glutathione or its derivatives, or substances having tyrosinase inhibitory activity, have been used in cosmetics or in medical drugs; but they have had limited utility due to insufficient whitening effects, to the problem of safety for the skin, and to the formulation and safety problems in cosmetics. Recently studies have continued to find bleaching active ingredients from natural substances. Among those ingredients it was found that
pluralities of plant extracts, including extracts from Souhakuhi (Korean patent publications open to public inspection No. 99-002109 and 97-021273) acted on tyrosinase, so as to inhibit the production of melanin. However, these extracts also have many problems in the use of effective or higher concentrations, in terms of stability, safety and possibility of discoloration, and do not exhibit satisfactory effects. Particularly when these bleaching compositions are used in combination with a wrapper, they will remain in direct contact with the skin for a given period of time, due to the characteristics of the wrapper. Thus, they have disadvantages in that they will damage the skin or have an insufficient effect on the restoration of a healthy and shiny skin, and in a severe case, the compositions in artificial synthetic wrapping can cause side effects., such as rash or allergy. For that reason, attempts to use natural substances that have wetting effects and excellent bleaching effects in packaged products have recently increased. Korean Patent Laid-open Publication No. 2003-0039389 discloses a cosmetic composition for wrappers, which includes herbal and natural extracts. However, these natural substances do not have whitening effects on the skin that are satisfactory and, therefore, the development of a natural substance having satisfactory skin whitening effects is necessary. In particular, when these bleaching compositions are used in combination with a wrapper, they will remain in direct contact with the skin for a period of time
given, due to the characteristics of the wrapper. In that way, they have the disadvantages that they will damage the soft skin or have an insufficient effect on the restoration to a healthy and shiny skin; and in a severe case, artificial synthetic wrap compositions can cause side effects, such as rash or allergy. For this reason, attempts have been made to use natural substances that have moisturizing effects and excellent bleaching effects in packaging products. Korean Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2003-0039389 discloses a cosmetic composition for wrappers, which includes herbal and natural extracts. However, these natural substances do not have satisfactory skin whitening effects and, therefore, the development of a natural substance having satisfactory skin whitening effects is required. Accordingly, the present invention has led to the development of a whitening composition for wrappings, which has high skin bleaching effects, without causing any side effects on the human body, in particular on the skin, due to the use of a natural substance; so that, when used as a general functional cosmetic composition, or used in particular in wrappings, it will show surprising skin whitening effects and, at the same time, be safe for the skin. As a result, the present invention has been completed.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Therefore, it is an object of the present invention
provide a skin whitening cosmetic composition, which has excellent skin whitening effects, while being safe for the skin. Another objective of the present invention is to provide a functional wrapper having excellent skin whitening effects and moisturizing effects of the skin, while at the same time giving elasticity to the skin. To obtain the above objectives, the present invention provides a skin whitening cosmetic composition that includes a mixture of a charred pine pin, vegetable oil and shellfish shell, as effective components. In the composition of the invention, the mixture comprises a charred pine pineapple, vegetable oil and shellfish shell in a weight ratio of 2-8: 1-3: 1-3. If the content of carbonized pine pineapple is less than 2 percent, in proportion to the total weight of the mixture, it will provide an insufficient effect; and if it is greater than 8 percent in proportion to it, it will not show any increased effect. The charred pine pines can be obtained by washing selected pine pines with water, drying the washed material, completely calcining the dried material, heating it in a closed container at a temperature of 100 to 300 ° C for 3-10 hours, and sieving the material calcined through a 50-200 mesh screen, so that carbonized pine pineapple powder is provided. Pine pine used as charred pine pineapple material can be harvested from a pine tree, whose kind is not limited in the present invention. The vegetable oil can be at least one selected
of the group consisting of sesame oil, olive oil, goat oil, coconut oil, castor oil, apricot kernel oil, almond oil and germ oil. Seafood refers to animals that have a shell, for example, clams or marine snails. Both bivalves and gastropods can be used in the present invention. The seafood shell can be obtained by boiling the shellfish in a suspension of soybean meal containing 10 to 20 weight percent Korean soybean paste, at a temperature of 60 to 100 ° C for about 1 to 3 hours, removing the internal meat of the shellfish, completely drying the remaining shell, grinding the dry shell to a size of around 100 to 200 meshes, and then removing the foreign substances from the powder. further, the cosmetic bleaching composition according to the present invention may also include additives, including a wetting agent, an emollient, a local irritant, a blood flow stimulator and a fragrance. The additives can be used in an amount of 1 to 30 weight percent. In addition, the composition of the invention may additionally include hyaluronic acid, vitamin E or an essential flavor oil. The whitening cosmetic composition according to the present invention can be used as such or as a wrapper obtained by allowing it to be absorbed into a substrate. Examples of substrates that can be used in the present invention include: cotton, a non-woven fabric
woven, a spun fabric and pulp. In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a bleaching cosmetic composition, including the steps of preparing a charred pine pin, obtaining vegetable oil; get a shell of shellfish and add an additive to a mixture of charred pine pineapple, vegetable oil and shellfish. In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a bleaching wrap that includes the steps of: preparing a charred pine pin; get vegetable oil; get shellfish; add an additive to a mixture of charred pine pineapple, vegetable oil and shellfish, and allow the mixture to be absorbed on a substrate. In the mixture of the method of the invention, the charred pine pineapple, the vegetable oil and the shell of shellfish can be contained in a weight ratio of 2-8: 1-3: 1-3. The description of the vegetable oil and the shell of shellfish is described above.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the following, the invention will be described in greater detail. As described above, the charred pine pineapple that is used as the main component of the composition of the invention is in the form of charred pine pineapple powder, which can be obtained by washing selected pine pines with water, drying the material washing, calcining
completely dry material, heating it in a closed container at a temperature of 100 to 300 ° C for 3 to 10 hours, and sifting the calcined material through a 50-200 mesh screen. The pine pineapple is a seed that grows on a pine tree and will now be described in greater detail. The pine tree is also called Sol, Chamsol, Songmok, Solnamoo, Sohorinamu in Korea. The pine tree is also called red pine tree, since its bark and a branch at the end of its stem are red. In China it is also called female pine, Yodong red pine and short-leaved red pine. The pine tree is bifoliate, in which two leaves form a pair. It is also called Isoosong, Ichimsong (which denotes two-needle pine), Iripson, etc. The scientific term for the pine tree is Pinus densiflora Siebold and Zuccarini. When the pine seed sprouts, the cotyledons covered with the testicles will rise above the earth, and the number of the cotyledons is approximately 4 to 9, and it is six, in most cases. The pine leaves that deflect the cotyledons form a pair and come out facing one another and the lower portion is in the vagina, which is approximately 2 or 3 mm in size. The vagina has a dark color and is alive as long as the leaves are alive, without falling. At the same time there are female and male flowers in the pine, which flowers in the last ten days of April and the first ten days of May. The male flower is elliptical and has a length of 4 to 9 mm. The end of the stamens opens to the half-moon shape, and there are two anthers below the filaments. There are two wings in the pollen. On the other hand, the female flower
Hang two or three at the end of the branch. The initial shape is circular or elliptical, and has a length of approximately 5 mm and has a light violet color. There is a collection of a multitude of female flowers, which is called a pineapple. This is what is called, in the present invention, a pine pin. The pinion of mature pine consists of several scaly leaves, and in a scaly leaf two ovules are in contact and these become a seed with two wings. Young pineapples, in the spring, before pollination, are called "conillo" or "piñuela" instead of pinas. The scaly leaves of the pine pin are in helical contact with the axis of the pine pin; its end is thick and large, its exposed part has an almost diamond shape, and there is a protuberance at its center. When the pine pin is mature, the separation between the scaly leaves becomes greater, and the seeds separate and fall and fly away. The pine pineapple, which is the raw material for preparing the charred pine pineapple, can be collected from various pine trees whose class is not limited in the present invention. Examples of the pine trees from which it can be collected The pine pineapple include the aurescens form, the anguine form, the globose form, the pendulous form, the aggrega ta form, the bi-aggrega ta form, the erect form, etc. The vegetable oil can be at least one, selected from the group consisting of: sesame oil, olive oil, goat oil, coconut oil, castor oil, apricot kernel oil, almond oil and germ oil . The used vegetable oil is prepared according to any conventional method in the art, or
It can be obtained in the trade. For example, sesame oil can be obtained by roasting sesame seeds at a given temperature or higher, and pressing the toasted sesame seeds. The sesame seed from which the sesame oil is obtained is an annual, deciduous plant that grows at a height of 90 to 150 cm and has leaves similar to the willow leaf, of short hair and of oval and long shape, which adhere when they are looking towards each other. It has a soft color, similar to that of eggplant, or a white color in summer, when it contains seeds that have colors that vary, depending on their variety. The seeds are collected by cutting the stems in August or September, when the fruits ripen, drying the stems cut in a beam, in the sunlight; shaking the dry stems to collect the seeds, and removing the foreign material. The black seed is used as medicine and the white seed is used as raw material for oil. The pressed oil of the dried seeds is used and this oil is slightly yellow in color and with a fragrant odor. It is miscible with ether, with chloroform and with petroleum ether, and dissolves slightly in alcohol. It also hardens when cooled to 0-5 ° C. It also has a specific density of about 0.9, a refractive index of about 1.5, an acid number of 2 or less; a saponification number of 188-195, and an iodine number of 103-116. It also contains glycerides, such as oleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidonic acid, lignoserinic acid. Unsaponified portions of the oil are present in an amount of 0.1 to 1.3 percent, and include: pitosterin, d-sesamin,
sesamol, sesamolin and vitamin E. Sesamol shows a red color when treated with furfurol and concentrated hydrochloric acid; and this reaction is used to identify sesame oil. The effects of sesame are widely known also in the medical books of the prior art. In particular, black sesame has uniform properties and is sweet and innocuous (Dongeuibogam). It also increases vigor, increases fat, replenishes bone marrow and brain tissue, strengthens muscles and bones, and softens the five viscera (Bongchogangmok). Additionally it accumulates the marrow, restores the esper to, prolongs life and makes the color of the face look younger. Black sesame oil also increases blood platelets, so it quickly coagulates the blood. Consequently, it is sometimes used against idiopathic thrombocytopenia, hemorrhagic thrombocytopenia, and hemorrhagic diseases.
Olive oil refers to oil extracted from the fruit of an olive tree, which has an oil content of 30 to 70 percent. It is vegetable oil, which has been used for a long time, which appears in the Old Testament. It has a lemon yellow color, is odorless and has a simple flavor. It can be classified into four categories: extra virgin, virgin fine, virgin and pure, in the order of maximum purity at minimum purity. It is also divided into several degrees, according to the temperature. Since an increase in the acidity of the olive oil leads to a reduction in its fragrance and its purity, it measures the quality of the olive oil. Olive oil is good for diets and also has various effects, such as: increase resistance, reduce the risk factors that can cause failures
cardiac and immune system strengthening. The olive oil for use in the present invention can be extracted from the fruit of the olives by pressing them, or it can be obtained commercially. The shell of shellfish, which is another element of the present invention, may be obtained by boiling the shellfish in a suspension of soybean meal containing 10 to 20 weight percent Korean soybean meal, at a temperature of 60 to 100 °. C for about 1 to 3 hours, removing the meat inside the shellfish, drying the remaining shell completely, grinding the shell dry for the first time at a size of 100 to 200 meshes, and then removing the foreign substances from the powder. Then, in order to obtain the fine powder, the previous powder can be passed through a secondary grinder (fine grinder), and the obtained powder can be passed through a cyclone filter and a dust collection system, for get the fine powder of high purity, which has a size of about 200 meshes. Seafood refers to an animal that has a shell, for example, the clam, the sea snail, or similar, and that belong to the Mollusca phylum. It is widely divided into bivalves and gastropods. Bivalves refer to shellfish that have two shells, such as mussels, oysters, clams or the like; and gastropods refers to a class of shellfish having a snail-like shell, for example, sea snail, conch shell, freshwater snail or the like. The oyster is a food rich in phosphorus, potassium and vitamin A. In Chinese medicine it is known that the oyster is used against fever and thirst, and to give good complexion and as an aid to nutrition.
Mussels live buried in sandy soil, rocks and accumulations of debris; the scallops live on the sandy bottom or in gravel fields, at a depth of 40 m from the surface of the water, along the beaches, and the clams are the most common typical bivalves and live in the sandy mud on a beach in which fresh water of 1 to 2 m is mixed. In particular, the shell of an ascidian, a class of gastropods, contains large amounts of natural substances that have excellent physiological functionality; for example, carotenoid pigments, inorganic components and taurine. The shell of ascidian is difficult to decompose, because it is made of stony cells, but contains large amounts of carotenoids, proteins and inorganic components, including calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg). In particular, a natural carotenoid pigment can preferably be used in the present invention, because it has been known as a carcinogenicity inhibiting substance through an epidemiological investigation for 30 years and a recent verification experiment, and it is known to show dimensional functional high, such as antioxidant activity, improvement of the speed of reproduction and growth of animals, inhibition of the occurrence of diseases and improvement in the color of the meat. Also the chondroitin sulfate, extracted from the shell of ascidian has the form of a viscous liquid and is known to have excellent effects for the beauty of the skin, anti-aging, inhibition of arteriosclerosis, bone formation, inhibition of bacterial infection, etc. . In the following, the present invention will be described with
more detail with reference to examples and test examples. However, it should be understood that those examples are for illustrative purposes only, and should not be considered as limits to the scope of the present invention.
EXAMPLE 1
Pine needles of the desired size were carefully selected from the pine pines of the native class of pine trees. The pine needles selected were washed with purified water and dried in the shade. When the pine needles were completely dry, 1000 g of pine needles were placed in a completely closed container, and then completely calcined by heating at about 300 ° C for about eight hours. Subsequently the calcined pine pines were left to rest for two hours to cool the pine pines, thereby providing charred pine pines. The resulting carbonized pine pines were screened through a 100 mesh screen, thereby obtaining approximately 800 g of charred pine pineapple powder. Seeds of sesame were sifted through a sieving machine, in order to eliminate the foreign material, and the sieved sesame was washed and dried. After completing the drying, it was toasted in a toaster at a temperature of approximately 160 ° C, until the water was completely evaporated, and just before smoke was generated. The toasted sesame seed was crushed with a grinder and the sesame oil was extracted by pressing the
sesame powder with a compressor. 100 g of sea squirt was added to 1000 g of a soybean slurry containing 20 weight percent soy (Pulmuone Co.) and left to boil at a temperature of 85 ° C for about two hours. The shell that remained after removing the internal flesh of the ascidian was completely dried for two hours and then ground for the first time to a size of 100 mesh, and then the foreign material was removed from the powder. The powder was then milled a second time at a size of 200 mesh, thereby obtaining 60 g of the ascidian shell in fine powder form. The charred pine pineapple, sesame oil and sea shell powder were mixed with each other at a weight ratio of 6: 2: 2, and then the conventional additives were added to the mixture at an anity of 30. percent in weight, to the mixture of carbonized pine pineapple, sesame oil and shell powder of ascidia. In this way, a skin whitening cosmetic composition was prepared.
EXAMPLE 2
The cosmetic composition prepared according to the method of Example 1 was applied to a non-woven fabric, thereby forming a disposable wrapper.
EXAMPLES 3 TO 6
Whitening cosmetic compositions were prepared in the same manner as described in Example 1, except that the composition proportions shown in FIG.
next Table 1
TABLE 1
EXAMPLE OF TEST 1: WHITENING EFFECT
He fixed on both forearms of each of twenty healthy subjects, male and female, an opaque tape of 1.5 cm in diameter, which had five perforated holes. Each subject was then irradiated with ultraviolet B light, approximately twice the minimum erythema dose, to induce darkening of the skin. Each of the compositions of examples 1 and 2 was applied, comparative examples 1 (a mud wrap, manufactured by company A) and comparative example 2 (a mud wrap manufactured by company B), to the subjects , twice daily for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks the contrast of the skin was measured with a colorimeter. Specifically, the colorimeter (for example, Minolta CR2002) was used to measure the contrast of the skin, evaluating the effect of the compositions in that way. The color system L * a * b * is usually used to measure the color,
and an L * value (brightness) was used as an index in this test example. The difference (L *) in the color of the skin was calculated, between a point in time, when the application of the test wrappers had begun (examples 1 and 2 and comparative examples 1 and 2), and a point in the time when the wrapping application was completed, after eight weeks, and used to determine the effect of the wrappings. As a result, it was demonstrated that the bleaching effect of the wrapper according to the present invention was as follows:? L * = L * after application - value L * in the application.
As can be seen in table 2, the use of the wrapper according to the present invention resulted in a reduction in pigmentation.
EXAMPLE OF TEST 2 - SKIN SAFETY
In order to examine the skin irritation caused by the cosmetic bleaching composition according to the present invention, a skin wrapping test was carried out, using the cosmetic compositions
bleaching agents of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 and 2, in 15 women, 30 years of age. An envelope containing 0.2 μL of each of the compositions was applied to the arm of each of the subjects twice, and the skin reaction was examined within one hour after removing the wrapper, and examined again the next day (after 48 hours). Irritability of the skin was evaluated based on the following standards.
The results of the evaluation are shown in Table 3 below. 0: no change? : a slight erythema is shown at the site of the skin on which it was applied x: a clear erythema is shown at the site of the skin on which it was applied.
TABLE 3
Cosmetic compositions prepared in accordance with examples 1 and 2 were continuously used in 15 women in their mid-thirties, for four weeks, together with the wrappers of comparative examples 1 and 2.
test subjects were nonspecific women, in their mid-thirties, and were subjected to a blind test. The results are shown in the following table 4.
TABLE 4
(• = very excellent; ° = excellent; = common; and x = bad) As is apparent from the above test results, the cosmetic bleaching composition according to the present invention includes natural substances, unlike the previous products, obtainable in the trade, and has excellent whitening effects, without causing any side effect, since it is safe for the skin. When the whitening cosmetic composition of the invention is used as is, or as a wrapper with a substrate, such as a non-woven fabric, will provide a functional wrapper that can impart a bleaching effect, in addition to the effects, such as skin moistening and skin firmness. While a preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described, for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications, additions and substitutions are possible, without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention, as described in FIG. the following claims.
Claims (17)
1. - A cosmetic bleaching composition for the skin, comprising a mixture of a charred pine pin, vegetable oil and shell of shellfish, as effective components.
2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the mixture comprises the charred pine pineapple, the vegetable oil the shell of shellfish in a weight ratio of 2-8: 1-3: 1-
3. 3. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the charred pine pineapple is charred pineapple cone powder, obtained by washing with water the selected pine pines, drying the washed material, completely calcining the dried material, heating it in a closed container at a temperature of 100 to 300 ° C for 3 to 10 hours, and sieving the calcined material through a 50-200 mesh screen.
4. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the vegetable oil can be at least one selected from the group consisting of sesame oil, olive oil, goat oil, coconut oil, castor oil, apricot kernel oil, almond oil and germ oil.
5. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the shellfish is bivalve or gastropod.
6. The composition according to claim 5, wherein the gastropod is an ascidian.
7. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the shell is in the form of powder, obtained by boiling the shellfish in a suspension of soybean paste containing soybean meal; removing the meat from the inside of boiled seafood, and grinding the remaining shell.
8. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the shell is in powder form, obtained by boiling the shellfish in a suspension of soybean paste containing 10 to 20 weight percent of the paste. of soybeans, at a temperature of 60 to 100 ° C, for about 1 to 3 hours, eliminating the internal meat of the shellfish, completely drying the shellfish that remains, grinding the dry shell for the first time at a size of around 100 to 200 meshes
9. The composition according to claim 1, further comprising at least one additive, selected from the group consisting of a wetting agent, an emollient, a local irritant, a blood flow stimulator and a fragrance.
10. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the additive is contained in an amount of 1 to 30 weight percent.
11. The composition according to claim 1, further comprising at least one ingredient selected from the group consisting of hyaluronic acid, vitamin E or aroma essential oil.
12. An envelope comprising a cosmetic bleaching composition according to any of claims 1 to 11, and a substrate.
13. The wrapper according to claim 12, wherein the substrate is cotton, a non-woven fabric, a spun fabric and pulp.
14. A method for preparing a whitening cosmetic composition, the method comprising the steps of: preparing a carbonized pine pin; get vegetable oil; get a shell of shellfish; and add additives to the mixture of charred pine pineapple, vegetable oil and shell of shellfish.
15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the mixture comprises the charred pine pineapple, vegetable oil and shellfish in a weight ratio of 2-8: 1-3: 1-3.
16. A method for preparing a cosmetic whitening wrapper, the method comprising the steps of: preparing a charred pine pin; get vegetable oil; get a shell of shellfish; add additives to the mixture of charred pine pineapple, vegetable oil and shell of shellfish; and allowing the mixture to be absorbed on a substrate.
17. The method according to claim 16, wherein the mixture comprises the charred pine pin, the vegetable oil and the shell in a weight ratio of 2-8: 1-3: 1-3.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020050131063 | 2005-12-27 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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MX2008008469A true MX2008008469A (en) | 2008-09-26 |
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