MD855Z - Process for preparing antioxidant compounds from kernel peel of walnut Juglans regia L. - Google Patents

Process for preparing antioxidant compounds from kernel peel of walnut Juglans regia L. Download PDF

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Publication number
MD855Z
MD855Z MDS20140014A MDS20140014A MD855Z MD 855 Z MD855 Z MD 855Z MD S20140014 A MDS20140014 A MD S20140014A MD S20140014 A MDS20140014 A MD S20140014A MD 855 Z MD855 Z MD 855Z
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Moldova
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extract
juglans regia
antioxidant compounds
kernel
skin
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MDS20140014A
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Romanian (ro)
Russian (ru)
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Раиса ИВАНОВА
Павел ТАТАРОВ
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Институт Генетики, Физиологии И Защиты Растений Академии Наук Молдовы
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Priority to MDS20140014A priority Critical patent/MD855Z/en
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Abstract

The invention relates to a process for preparing antioxidant compounds from kernel peel of walnut Juglans regia L. and can be used in the food industry, medicine and cosmetics.The process according to the invention, consists in the fact that the peel is separated from the kernel, is degreased with an organic solvent, is dried to a moisture of 6…8%, is milled, is macerated the resultant powder with 20…70% ethyl alcohol solution, taken in the ratio of 1:20 respectively, at a temperature of 15…30°C, with constant stirring until the total content of polyphenolic substances in the extract dry residue of at least 55%, then the liquid phase of the extract is separated by centrifugation at 10000 rev/min for 15 min or by decantation and filtration.

Description

Invenţia se referă la un procedeu de obţinere a compuşilor antioxidanţi din pieliţă de miez de nucă (Juglans regia L.) şi poate fi utilizată în industria alimentară, medicină şi cosmetologie. The invention relates to a process for obtaining antioxidant compounds from walnut kernel skin (Juglans regia L.) and can be used in the food industry, medicine and cosmetology.

Este cunoscut procedeul de obţinere din miez de nucă a unui component antioxidant cu structură polifenolică prin izolarea şi purificarea lui din extracte pe baza soluţiilor organice. Acest procedeu are însă unele neajunsuri, şi anume: a) pentru obţinerea acestui component ca materie primă se utilizează miezul de nucă în întregime, ceea ce este iraţional, deoarece rata polifenolilor în miezul de nucă fără pieliţă pe o unitate de masă este de 100 de ori mai mică decât în pieliţă (Salcedo C.L.; Lopez de Mishima B.A.; Nazareno M.A. Walnuts and almonds as model systems of foods constituted by oxidisable, pro-oxidant and antioxidant factors. Food Research Int., 2010, 43, p. 1187-1197) şi extragerea compuşilor polifenolici necesită utilizarea unei mase mari de miez de nucă; b) este complicată şi costisitoare schema de extragere şi de purificare a componenţilor activi de proteine şi aminoacizi care se conţin în miezul de nucă (15…18%) şi care reduc activitatea antioxidantă a polifenolilor [1]. The process of obtaining an antioxidant component with a polyphenolic structure from walnut kernels by isolating and purifying it from extracts based on organic solutions is known. However, this process has some drawbacks, namely: a) to obtain this component as raw material, the entire walnut kernel is used, which is irrational, because the rate of polyphenols in the walnut kernel without the skin per unit mass is 100 times lower than in the skin (Salcedo C.L.; Lopez de Mishima B.A.; Nazareno M.A. Walnuts and almonds as model systems of foods constituted by oxidisable, pro-oxidant and antioxidant factors. Food Research Int., 2010, 43, p. 1187-1197) and the extraction of polyphenolic compounds requires the use of a large mass of walnut kernels; b) the extraction and purification scheme of the active protein and amino acid components contained in the walnut kernel (15…18%) and which reduce the antioxidant activity of polyphenols is complicated and expensive [1].

De asemenea, este cunoscut procedeul de obţinere a extractului din pieliţă de miez de nucă, care constă în extragerea compuşilor polifenolici cu soluţie de 50% de alcool etilic la temperaturi apropiate de temperatura de fierbere a soluţiei de alcool. Extractul obţinut se concentrează şi se usucă prin evaporarea termică a alcoolului etilic. Neajunsul procedeului constă în utilizarea temperaturilor înalte (peste 80...85°C) pentru extragerea compuşilor polifenolici, care sunt termosensibili şi îşi pierd proprietăţile antioxidante în urma oxidării accelerate la temperaturi înalte. Temperaturi ridicate se aplică şi în procesele fizico-chimice de obţinere a extractului uscat, ceea ce duce la micşorarea concentraţiei de polifenoli şi la scăderea activităţii antioxidante a extractului. Prin urmare, conţinutul compuşilor polifenolici în extractele din pieliţă de miez de nucă constituie doar 25% din masa totală a substanţelor extrase [2]. Also, the process of obtaining the extract from walnut kernel skin is known, which consists in extracting polyphenolic compounds with a 50% solution of ethyl alcohol at temperatures close to the boiling point of the alcohol solution. The extract obtained is concentrated and dried by thermal evaporation of ethyl alcohol. The drawback of the process is the use of high temperatures (above 80...85°C) for the extraction of polyphenolic compounds, which are heat-sensitive and lose their antioxidant properties due to accelerated oxidation at high temperatures. High temperatures are also applied in the physicochemical processes of obtaining the dry extract, which leads to a decrease in the concentration of polyphenols and a decrease in the antioxidant activity of the extract. Therefore, the content of polyphenolic compounds in walnut kernel skin extracts constitutes only 25% of the total mass of the extracted substances [2].

Având în vedere că procesarea termică a pieliţei de miez de nucă la temperaturi ridicate (80…85°C) provoacă modificări ireversibile care micşorează activitatea antioxidantă a polifenolilor, devine oportun elaborarea unui procedeu de obţinere a polifenolilor din pieliţa de miez de nucă degresată cu solvenţi organici (acetonă, hexan, benzen, eter de petrol etc.) la temperaturi micşorate. Considering that thermal processing of walnut kernel skin at high temperatures (80…85°C) causes irreversible changes that reduce the antioxidant activity of polyphenols, it becomes appropriate to develop a process for obtaining polyphenols from walnut kernel skin degreased with organic solvents (acetone, hexane, benzene, petroleum ether, etc.) at reduced temperatures.

Problema pe care o rezolvă invenţia constă în obţinerea unei compoziţii de antioxidanţi, extrasă din pieliţă de miez de nucă (Juglans regia L.), cu un randament şi o activitate antioxidantă sporită a compuşilor polifenolici. The problem solved by the invention consists in obtaining an antioxidant composition, extracted from walnut kernel skin (Juglans regia L.), with an increased yield and antioxidant activity of polyphenolic compounds.

Procedeul, conform invenţiei, constă în aceea că se separă pieliţa de miezul de nucă, se degresează cu un solvent organic, se usucă până la umiditatea de 6…8%, se macină, se macerează pulberea obţinută cu soluţie de alcool etilic de 20…70%, luate în raport de 1 : 20 respectiv, la temperatura de 15...30°C, cu agitare permanentă până la conţinutul total de substanţe polifenolice în reziduul uscat al extractului de cel puţin 55%, apoi faza lichidă a extractului se separă prin centrifugare la 10000 rot/min timp de 15 min sau prin decantare şi filtrare. The process, according to the invention, consists in separating the skin from the walnut kernel, degreasing it with an organic solvent, drying it to a humidity of 6...8%, grinding it, macerating the powder obtained with a 20...70% ethyl alcohol solution, taken in a ratio of 1:20 respectively, at a temperature of 15...30°C, with permanent stirring until the total content of polyphenolic substances in the dry residue of the extract is at least 55%, then the liquid phase of the extract is separated by centrifugation at 10,000 rpm for 15 min or by decantation and filtration.

Rezultatul tehnic al invenţiei constă în obţinerea unei compoziţii de antioxidanţi cu capacitate sporită de captare a radicalilor liberi, ce se datorează majorării randamentului de extragere a substanţelor polifenolice. The technical result of the invention consists in obtaining an antioxidant composition with increased free radical capture capacity, which is due to the increased extraction yield of polyphenolic substances.

Exemplu de realizare a invenţiei Example of embodiment of the invention

Pieliţa se separă de miezul de nucă, se degresează cu un solvent organic (cu hexan), se separă de solvent printr-un aparat de tip Soxhlet, se usucă până la umiditatea de 6…8%, se macină până la formarea pulberii, se adaugă soluţia de 20...70% de alcool etilic în raport de 1/20 m/v (masa pulberii de pieliţă/volumul soluţiei de alcool) şi se extrage prin macerare simplă cu agitarea permanentă la temperatura de 15...30°C până la saturarea extractului după conţinutul de polifenoli în reziduul uscat de cel puţin 55%. Faza lichidă a extractului se separă de precipitat prin centrifugare la 10000 rot/min timp de 15 min sau prin decantare şi filtrare. The skin is separated from the walnut kernel, degreased with an organic solvent (hexane), separated from the solvent by a Soxhlet apparatus, dried to a humidity of 6...8%, ground until powder is formed, a 20...70% solution of ethyl alcohol is added in a ratio of 1/20 m/v (mass of skin powder/volume of alcohol solution) and extracted by simple maceration with permanent stirring at a temperature of 15...30°C until the extract is saturated according to the polyphenol content in the dry residue of at least 55%. The liquid phase of the extract is separated from the precipitate by centrifugation at 10,000 rpm for 15 min or by decantation and filtration.

În extractele obţinute se determină reziduul uscat prin metoda farmacopeică (Farmacopeia Europeană, 2001, p. 3) şi conţinutul total al polifenolilor cu aplicarea metodei Folin-Ciocalteu (Singleton V.L., Orthofer R., Lamuela-Raventos R.M. Analysis of total phenolics and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. In book: Methods in Enzymology, Part A., 1999, p.152-178) (tabel). In the obtained extracts, the dry residue is determined by the pharmacopoeial method (European Pharmacopoeia, 2001, p. 3) and the total polyphenol content is determined by applying the Folin-Ciocalteu method (Singleton V.L., Orthofer R., Lamuela-Raventos R.M. Analysis of total phenolics and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. In book: Methods in Enzymology, Part A., 1999, p.152-178) (table).

S-a constatat că rata substanţelor polifenolice în reziduul uscat al extractelor se modifică în limitele cuprinse între 51,16...60,06%. It was found that the rate of polyphenolic substances in the dry residue of the extracts changes within the limits between 51.16...60.06%.

Extractele obţinute au fost supuse testării privind activitatea antioxidantă (tabel). Cercetările activităţii antioxidante au fost efectuate cu utilizarea metodei potenţiometrice de evaluare a capacităţii extractelor de a capta radicalii peroxidici in vitro (Sano M., Yoshida R., Degawa M., et al. Determination of peroxyl radical scavenging activity of flavonoids and plant extracts using an automatic potentiometric titrator. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, v. 51, nr.10, p. 2912-2916). Capacitatea de captare a radicalilor peroxidici a fost estimată în echivalentul acidului galic (GAE) în µM pe un gram de reziduu uscat al extractului (µMGAE/g). Activitatea antioxidantă a extractelor obţinute variază de la 2322,03±249,73 până la 3172,62±78,18 µMGAE/g. De menţionat că valorile activităţii antioxidante a extractelor din pieliţă de miez de nucă sunt de 1,4...1,9 ori mai mari decât valorile activităţii antioxidante a compoziţiei extrase din rizomii şi rădăcinile de R. rosea (Brevet de invenţie MD 3835). The obtained extracts were subjected to testing for antioxidant activity (table). The antioxidant activity studies were carried out using the potentiometric method to evaluate the capacity of the extracts to capture peroxide radicals in vitro (Sano M., Yoshida R., Degawa M., et al. Determination of peroxyl radical scavenging activity of flavonoids and plant extracts using an automatic potentiometric titrator. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, v. 51, no. 10, p. 2912-2916). The capacity to capture peroxide radicals was estimated in the gallic acid equivalent (GAE) in µM per gram of dry residue of the extract (µMGAE/g). The antioxidant activity of the obtained extracts varies from 2322.03±249.73 to 3172.62±78.18 µMGAE/g. It should be noted that the antioxidant activity values of walnut kernel skin extracts are 1.4...1.9 times higher than the antioxidant activity values of the composition extracted from the rhizomes and roots of R. rosea (Patent MD 3835).

Tabel Table

Caracteristica extractelor din pieliţă nativă de miez de nucă Characteristics of extracts from native walnut kernel skin

Extract Temperatura de extragere, °C Reziduul uscat, g/l Conţinutul total al polifenolilor, g/l Rata polifenolilor în reziduul uscat, % Capacitatea de captare a radicalilor peroxidici, µMGAE/g 20% alcool 22±2 20,55±0,48 11,69±0,11 56,88 2515,59±202,88 20% alcool 28±2 20,95±0,15 11,94±0,07 56,99 3172,62±78,18 30% alcool 24±2 21,74±2,35 13,06±0,13 60,06 3126,58±357,07 40% alcool 17±2 21,73±0,07 12,52±0,26 57,62 2353,37±317,64 40% alcool 22±2 22,91±1,37 13,05±0,11 56,96 2585,15±238,19 50% alcool 22±2 24,86±0,81 14,31±0,28 57,51 2731,87±280,95 60% alcool 20±2 24,14±1,26 13,32±0,10 55,16 2713,73±467,35 70% alcool 17±2 24,13±0,05 12,83±0,25 53,16 2322,03±249,73Extract Extraction temperature, °C Dry residue, g/l Total polyphenol content, g/l Polyphenol rate in dry residue, % Peroxide radical scavenging capacity, µMGAE/g 20% alcohol 22±2 20.55±0.48 11.69±0.11 56.88 2515.59±202.88 20% alcohol 28±2 20.95±0.15 11.94±0.07 56.99 3172.62±78.18 30% alcohol 24±2 21.74±2.35 13.06±0.13 60.06 3126.58±357.07 40% alcohol 17±2 21.73±0.07 12.52±0.26 57.62 2353.37±317.64 40% alcohol 22±2 22.91±1.37 13.05±0.11 56.96 2585.15±238.19 50% alcohol 22±2 24.86±0.81 14.31±0.28 57.51 2731.87±280.95 60% alcohol 20±2 24.14±1.26 13.32±0.10 55.16 2713.73±467.35 70% alcohol 17±2 24.13±0.05 12.83±0.25 53.16 2322.03±249.73

În comparaţie cu cea mai apropiată soluţie compoziţiile obţinute prin procedeul propus au un conţinut de substanţe polifenolice în reziduul uscat de cel puţin 2,2…2,4 ori mai mare. Capacitatea de captare a radicalilor peroxidici a compoziţiei obţinute prin cea mai apropiată soluţie atinge maximal indicele de 1751,61±134,25 µMGAE/g. Este bine cunoscut faptul că activitatea antioxidantă a extractelor este predominant determinată de conţinutul compuşilor polifenolici, ceea ce ne permite să constatăm că procedeul propus se deosebeşte calitativ de soluţia apropiată şi la acest indice. Compared to the closest solution, the compositions obtained by the proposed process have a content of polyphenolic substances in the dry residue of at least 2.2…2.4 times higher. The capacity to capture peroxide radicals of the composition obtained by the closest solution reaches a maximum index of 1751.61±134.25 µMGAE/g. It is well known that the antioxidant activity of the extracts is predominantly determined by the content of polyphenolic compounds, which allows us to conclude that the proposed process differs qualitatively from the closest solution also in this index.

1. JP 2004217555 A 2004.08.05 1. JP 2004217555 A 2004.08.05

2. JP 2008074807 A 2008.04.03 2. JP 2008074807 A 2008.04.03

Claims (1)

Procedeu de obţinere a compuşilor antioxidanţi din pieliţă de miez de nucă (Juglans regia L.) care constă în aceea că se separă pieliţa de miezul de nucă, se degresează cu un solvent organic, se usucă până la umiditatea de 6…8%, se macină, se macerează pulberea obţinută cu soluţie de alcool etilic de 20…70%, luate în raport de 1 : 20 respectiv, la temperatura de 15...30°C, cu agitare permanentă până la conţinutul total de substanţe polifenolice în reziduul uscat al extractului de cel puţin 55%, apoi faza lichidă a extractului se separă prin centrifugare la 10000 rot/min timp de 15 min sau prin decantare şi filtrare.Process for obtaining antioxidant compounds from walnut kernel skin (Juglans regia L.) which consists in separating the skin from the walnut kernel, degreasing it with an organic solvent, drying it to a humidity of 6...8%, grinding it, macerating the powder obtained with a 20...70% ethyl alcohol solution, taken in a ratio of 1:20 respectively, at a temperature of 15...30°C, with permanent stirring until the total content of polyphenolic substances in the dry residue of the extract is at least 55%, then the liquid phase of the extract is separated by centrifugation at 10,000 rpm for 15 min or by decantation and filtration.
MDS20140014A 2014-01-29 2014-01-29 Process for preparing antioxidant compounds from kernel peel of walnut Juglans regia L. MD855Z (en)

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MD4470C1 (en) * 2016-03-25 2017-10-31 Институт Микробиологии И Биотехнологии Академии Наук Молдовы Process for producing bioactive substances from mature walnut shells (Juglans regia L.)

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EA004230B1 (en) * 1999-12-28 2004-02-26 Предприятие Диагностических И Лекарственных Препаратов "Диалек" Method for preparing a lignin-containing pharmaceutical formulation having an antioxidant, antihypoxic, radioprotective and anticancer action
JP2004217555A (en) * 2003-01-14 2004-08-05 Pola Chem Ind Inc Polyphenol derived from walnut kernel
JP2008074807A (en) * 2006-09-25 2008-04-03 Oriza Yuka Kk Hepatoprotector
EA011072B1 (en) * 2005-11-14 2008-12-30 Сергазы Мынжасарович Адекенов Method for preparing cytoprotective preparation
MD3835G2 (en) * 2008-09-19 2009-09-30 Институт Генетики, Физиологии И Защиты Растений Академии Наук Молдовы Process for obtaining a composition of antioxidants from rhizomes and roots of Rhodiola rosea
MD4299B1 (en) * 2013-09-16 2014-08-31 Institutul De Genetică Şi Fiziologie A Plantelor Al Academiei De Ştiinţe A Moldovei Process for producing antioxidant compounds from walnut kernel skin (Juglans regia L.)
MD825Y (en) * 2014-01-22 2014-10-31 Aliona GHENDOV-MOŞANU Process for producing polyphenols from grape pomace
  • 2014

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EA004230B1 (en) * 1999-12-28 2004-02-26 Предприятие Диагностических И Лекарственных Препаратов "Диалек" Method for preparing a lignin-containing pharmaceutical formulation having an antioxidant, antihypoxic, radioprotective and anticancer action
JP2004217555A (en) * 2003-01-14 2004-08-05 Pola Chem Ind Inc Polyphenol derived from walnut kernel
EA011072B1 (en) * 2005-11-14 2008-12-30 Сергазы Мынжасарович Адекенов Method for preparing cytoprotective preparation
JP2008074807A (en) * 2006-09-25 2008-04-03 Oriza Yuka Kk Hepatoprotector
MD3835G2 (en) * 2008-09-19 2009-09-30 Институт Генетики, Физиологии И Защиты Растений Академии Наук Молдовы Process for obtaining a composition of antioxidants from rhizomes and roots of Rhodiola rosea
MD4299B1 (en) * 2013-09-16 2014-08-31 Institutul De Genetică Şi Fiziologie A Plantelor Al Academiei De Ştiinţe A Moldovei Process for producing antioxidant compounds from walnut kernel skin (Juglans regia L.)
MD825Y (en) * 2014-01-22 2014-10-31 Aliona GHENDOV-MOŞANU Process for producing polyphenols from grape pomace

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